目录

大学英语四级考试2010年6月真题

2010年6月大学英语四级考试真题详解

大学英语四级考试2010年12月真题

2010年12月大学英语四级考试真题详解

大学英语四级考试2011年6月真题

2011年6月大学英语四级考试真题详解

大学英语四级考试2011年12月真题

2011年12月大学英语四级考试真题详解

大学英语四级考试2012年6月真题

2012年6月大学英语四级考试真题详解

大学英语四级考试2012年12月真题

2012年12月大学英语四级考试真题详解

大学英语四级考试2013年6月真题

2013年6月大学英语四级考试真题详解

大学英语四级考试模拟试题一

大学英语四级考试模拟试题一精析

大学英语四级考试模拟试题二

大学英语四级考试模拟试题二详解

大学英语四级考试模拟试题三

大学英语四级考试模拟试题三详解

答案速查

2013年6月大学英语四级考试答案速查

2012年12月大学英语四级考试答案速查

2012年6月大学英语四级考试答案速查

2011年12月大学英语四级考试答案速查

2011年6月大学英语四级考试答案速查

2010年12月大学英语四级考试答案速查

2010年6月大学英语四级考试答案速查

大学英语四级考试模拟试题一答案速查

大学英语四级考试模拟试题二答案速查

大学英语四级考试模拟试题三答案速查

大学英语四级核心词汇

写作词汇

阅读词汇

听力词汇

大学英语四级词汇练习题

大学英语四级考试2013年6月真题（附赠）

2013年6月大学英语四级考试听力原文（附赠）

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大学英语四级考试超详解真题＋模拟／新东方考试研究中心编著．—北京：群言出版社，2014（2014.6重印）

ISBN 978-7-80256-514-2

Ⅰ．①大…　Ⅱ．①新…　Ⅲ．①大学英语水平考试—题解　Ⅳ．①H319.6

中国版本图书馆CIP数据核字（2013）第270131号

责任编辑　姚心苗　舒象财

封面设计　黄　蕊

出版发行　群言出版社（Qunyan Press）

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大学英语四级考试

2010年6月真题

COLLEGE ENGLISH TEST

— Band Four —

试　题　册

注意事项

一、将自己的校名、姓名、准考证号写在答题卡1和答题卡2上。将本试卷代号划在答题卡2上。

二、试卷册、答题卡1和答题卡2均不得带出考场。考试结束，监考员收卷后考生才可离开。

三、仔细读懂题目的说明。

四、在30分钟内做完答题卡1上的作文题。30分钟后，考生按指令启封试题册，在接着的15分钟内完成快速阅读理解部分的试题。然后监考员收取答题卡1，考生在答题卡2上完成其余部分的试题。全部答题时间为125分钟，不得拖延时间。

五、考生必须在答题卡上作答，凡是写在试题册上的答案一律无效。

六、多项选择题每题只能选一个答案；如多选，则该题无分。选定答案后，用HB-2B浓度的铅笔在相应字母的中部划一条横线。

正确方法是：［A］［C］［D］。

使用其他符号答题者不给分。划线要有一定的粗度，浓度要盖过字母底色。

七、如果要改动答案，必须先用橡皮擦净原来选定的答案，然后再按规定重新答题。

八、在考试过程中要注意对自己的答案保密。若被他人抄袭，一经发现，后果自负。

Part I　Writing　(30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Due Attention Should Be Given to Spelling. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:

1．如今不少学生在英语学习中不重视拼写，

2．出现这种现象的原因是……

3．为了改变这种状况，我认为……

Due Attention Should Be Given to Spelling

Part II　Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)　(15 minutes)

Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.

Caught in the Web

A few months ago, it wasn't unusual for 47-year-old Carla Toebe to spend 15 hours per day online. She'd wake up early, turn on her laptop and chat on Internet dating sites and instant-messaging programs—leaving her bed for only brief intervals. Her household bills piled up, along with the dishes and dirty laundry, but it took near-constant complaints from her four daughters before she realized she had a problem.

"I was starting to feel like my whole world was falling apart—kind of slipping into a depression," said Carla. "I knew that if I didn't get off the dating sites, I'd just keep going," detaching (使脱离) herself further from the outside world.

Toebe's conclusion: She felt like she was "addicted" to the Internet. She's not alone.

Concern about excessive Internet use isn't new. As far back as 1995, articles in medical journals and the establishment of a Pennsylvania treatment center for overusers generated interest in the subject. There's still no consensus on how much time online constitutes too much or whether addiction is possible.

But as reliance on the Web grows, there are signs that the question is getting more serious attention: Last month, a study published in CNS Spectrums claimed to be the first large-scale look at excessive Internet use. The American Psychiatric Association may consider listing Internet addiction in the next edition of its diagnostic manual. And scores of online discussion boards have popped up on which people discuss negative experiences tied to too much time on the Web.

"There's no question that there're people who're seriously in trouble because they're overdoing their Internet involvement." said psychiatrist (精神科医生) Ivan Goldberg. Goldberg calls the problem a disorder rather than a true addiction.

Jonathan Bishop, a researcher in Wales specializing in online communities, is more skeptical. "The Internet is an environment," he said. "You can't be addicted to the environment." Bishop describes the problem as simply a matter of priorities, which can be solved by encouraging people to prioritize other life goals and plans in place of time spent online.

The new CNS Spectrums study was based on results of a nationwide telephone survey of more than 2,500 adults. Like the 2005 survey, this one was conducted by Stanford University researchers. About 6% of respondents reported that "their relationships suffered because of excessive Internet use." About 9% attempted to conceal "nonessential Internet use," and nearly 4% reported feeling "preoccupied by the Internet when offline."

About 8% said they used the Internet as a way to escape problems, and almost 14% reported they "found it hard to stay away from the Internet for several days at a time."

"The Internet problem is still in its infancy," said Elias Aboujaoude, a Stanford professor. No single online activity is to blame for excessive use, he said. "They're online in chat rooms, checking e-mail, or writing blogs.［The problem is］not limited to porn (色情) or gambling" websites.

Excessive Internet use should be defined not by the number of hours spent online but "in terms of losses," said Maressa Orzack, a Harvard University professor. "If it's a loss［where］you're not getting to work, and family relationships are breaking down as a result, then it's too much."

Since the early 1990s, several clinics have been established in the U.S. to treat heavy Internet users. They include the Center for Internet Addiction Recovery and the center for Internet Behavior.

The website for Orzack's center lists the following among the psychological symptoms of computer addiction:

● Having a sense of well-being (幸福) or excitement while at the computer.

● Longing for more and more time at the computer.

● Neglect of family and friends.

● Feeling empty, depressed or irritable when not at the computer.

● Lying to employers and family about activities.

● Inability to stop the activity.

● Problems with school or job.

Physical symptoms listed include dry eyes, backaches, skipping meals, poor personal hygiene (卫生) and sleep disturbances.

People who struggle with excessive Internet use may be depressed or have other mood disorders, Orzack said. When she discusses Internet habits with her patients, they often report that being online offers a "sense of belonging, an escape, excitement［and］fun," she said. "Some people say relief... because they find themselves so relaxed."

Some parts of the Internet seem to draw people in more than others. Internet gamers spend countless hours competing in games against people from all over the world. One such game, called World of Warcraft, is cited on many sites by posters complaining of a "gaming addiction."

Andrew Heidrich, an education network administrator from Sacramento, plays World of Warcraft for about two to four hours every other night, but that's nothing compared with the 40 to 60 hours a week he spent playing online games when he was in college. He cut back only after a full-scale family intervention (干预), in which relatives told him he'd gained weight.

"There's this whole culture of competition that sucks people in" with online gaming, said Heidrich, now a father of two. "People do it at the expense of everything that was a constant in their lives." Heidrich now visits websites that discuss gaming addiction regularly "to remind myself to keep my love for online games in check."

Toebe also regularly visits a site where posters discuss Internet overuse. In August, when she first realized she had a problem, she posted a message on a Yahoo Internet addiction group with the subject line: "I have an Internet Addiction."

"I'm self-employed and need the Internet for my work, but I'm failing to accomplish my work, to take care of my home, to give attention to my children," she wrote in a message sent to the group. "I have no money or insurance to get professional help; I can't even pay my mortgage (抵押贷款) and face losing everything."

Since then, Toebe said, she has kept her promise to herself to cut back on her Internet use. "I have a boyfriend now, and I'm not interested in online dating," she said by phone last week. "It's a lot better now."

1. What eventually made Carla Toebe realize she was spending too much time on the Internet?

A) Her daughters' repeated complaints.

B) Fatigue resulting from lack of sleep.

C) The poorly managed state of her house.

D) The high financial costs adding up.

2. What does the author say about excessive Internet use?

A) People should be warned of its harmful consequences.

B) It has become virtually inevitable.

C) It has been somewhat exaggerated.

D) People haven't yet reached agreement on its definition.

3. Jonathan Bishop believes that the Internet overuse problem can be solved if people ______.

A) try to improve the Internet environment

B) become aware of its serious consequences

C) can realize what is important in life

D) can reach a consensus on its definition

4. According to Professor Maressa Orzack, Internet use would be considered excessive if ______.

A) it seriously affected family relationships

B) one visited porn websites frequently

C) too much time was spent in chat rooms

D) people got involved in online gambling

5. According to Orzack, people who struggle with heavy reliance on the Internet may feel ______.

A) discouraged

B) pressured

C) depressed

D) puzzled

6. Why did Andrew Heidrich cut back on online gaming?

A) He had lost a lot of money.

B) His family had intervened.

C) He had offended his relatives.

D) His career had been ruined.

7. Andrew Heidrich now visits websites that discuss online gaming addiction to ______.

A) improve his online gaming skills

B) curb his desire for online gaming

C) show how good he is at online gaming

D) exchange online gaming experience

8. In one of the messages she posted on a website, Toebe admitted that she __________________________________________________________.

9. Excessive Internet use had rendered Toebe so poor that she couldn't afford to seek ___________________________________________.

10. Now that she's got a boyfriend, Toebe is no longer crazy about ______________________________________________________.

Part III　Listening Comprehension　(35 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

11. A) He has proved to be a better reader than the woman.

B) He has difficulty understanding the book.

C) He cannot get access to the assigned book.

D) He cannot finish his assignment before the deadline.

12. A) She will drive the man to the supermarket.

B) The man should buy a car of his own.

C) The man needn't go shopping every week.

D) She can pick the man up at the grocery store.

13. A) Get more food and drinks.

B) Ask his friend to come over.

C) Tidy up the place.

D) Hold a party.

14. A) The talks can be held any day except this Friday.

B) He could change his schedule to meet John Smith.

C) The first-round talks should start as soon as possible.

D) The woman should contact John Smith first.

15. A) He understands the woman's feelings.

B) He has gone through a similar experience.

C) The woman should have gone on the field trip.

D) The teacher is just following the regulations.

16. A) She will meet the man halfway.

B) She is sorry the man will not come.

C) She will ask David to talk less.

D) She has to invite David to the party.

17. A) Few students understand Prof. Johnson's lectures.

B) Few students meet Prof. Johnson's requirements.

C) Many students find Prof. Johnson's lectures boring.

D) Many students have dropped Prof. Johnson's class.

18. A) Check their computer files.

B) Make some computations.

C) Study a computer program.

D) Assemble a computer.

Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

19. A) It allows him to make a lot of friends.

B) It requires him to work long hours.

C) It enables him to apply theory to practice.

D) It helps him understand people better.

20. A) It is intellectually challenging.

B) It requires him to do washing-up all the time.

C) It exposes him to oily smoke all day long.

D) It demands physical endurance and patience.

21. A) In a hospital.

B) At a coffee shop.

C) At a laundry.

D) In a hotel.

22. A) Getting along well with colleagues.

B) Paying attention to every detail.

C) Planning everything in advance.

D) Knowing the needs of customers.

Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

23. A) The pocket money British children get.

B) The annual inflation rate in Britain.

C) The things British children spend money on.

D) The rising cost of raising a child in Britain.

24. A) It enables children to live better.

B) It goes down during economic recession.

C) It often rises higher than inflation.

D) It has gone up 25% in the past decade.

25. A) Save up for their future education.

B) Pay for small personal things.

C) Buy their own shoes and socks.

D) Make donations when necessary.

Section B

Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.

26. A) District managers.

B) Regular customers.

C) Sales directors.

D) Senior clerks.

27. A) The support provided by the regular clients.

B) The initiative shown by the sales representatives.

C) The urgency of implementing the company's plans.

D) The important part played by district managers.

28. A) Some of them were political-minded.

B) Fifty percent of them were female.

C) One third of them were senior managers.

D) Most of them were rather conservative.

29. A) He used too many quotations.

B) He was not gender sensitive.

C) He did not keep to the point.

D) He spent too much time on details.

Passage Two

Questions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.

30. A) State your problem to the head waiter.

B) Demand a discount on the dishes ordered.

C) Ask to see the manager politely but firmly.

D) Ask the name of the person waiting on you.

31. A) Your problem may not be understood correctly.

B) You don't know if you are complaining at the right time.

C) Your complaint may not reach the person in charge.

D) You can't tell how the person on the line is reacting.

32. A) Demand a prompt response.

B) Provide all the details.

C) Send it by express mail.

D) Stick to the point.

Passage Three

Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.

33. A) Fashion designer.

B) Architect.

C) City planner.

D) Engineer.

34. A) Do some volunteer work.

B) Get a well-paid part-time job.

C) Work flexible hours.

D) Go back to her precious post.

35. A) Few baby-sitters can be considered trustworthy.

B) It will add to the family's financial burden.

C) A baby-sitter is no replacement for a mother.

D) The children won't get along with a baby-sitter.

Section C

Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.

Almost every child, on the first day he sets foot in a school building, is smarter, more (36) _____________, less afraid of what he doesn't know, better at finding and (37) _____________ things out, more confident, resourceful (机敏的), persistent and (38) _____________ than he will ever be again in his schooling—or, unless he is very (39) _____________ and very lucky, for the rest of his life. Already, by paying close attention to and (40) _____________ with the world and people around him, and without any school-type (41) _____________ instruction, he has done a task far more difficult, complicated and (42) _____________ than anything he will be asked to do in school, or than any of his teachers has done for years. He has solved the (43) _____________ of language. He has discovered it—babies don't even know that language exists—and (44) _______________________________________________. He has done it by exploring, by experimenting, by developing his own model of the grammar of language, (45) ____________________________________________________ until it does work. And while he has been doing this, he has been learning other things as well, (46) _______________________________________________________________________________________, and many that are more complicated than the ones they do try to teach him.

Part IV　Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)　(25 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the banks more than once.

Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.

When we think of green buildings, we tend to think of new ones—the kind of high-tech, solar-paneled masterpieces that make the covers of architecture magazines. But the U.S. has more than 100 million existing homes, and it would be 　47　 wasteful to tear them all down and 　48　 them with greener versions. An enormous amount of energy and resources went into the construction of those houses. And it would take an average of 65 years for the 　49　 carbon emissions from a new energy-efficient home to make up for the resources lost by destroying an old one. So in the broadest 　50　, the greenest home is the one that has already been built. But at the same time, nearly half of U.S. carbon emissions come from heating, cooling and 　51　 our homes, offices and other buildings."You can't deal with climate change without dealing with existing buildings," says Richard Moe, the president of the National Trust.

With some 　52　, the oldest homes tend to be the least energy-efficient. Houses built before 1939 use about 50% more energy per square foot than those built after 2000, mainly due to the tiny cracks and gaps that 　53　 over time and let in more outside air.

Fortunately, there are a 　54　 number of relatively simple changes that can green older homes, from 　55　 ones like Lincoln's Cottage to your own postwar home. And efficiency upgrades (升级) can save more than just the earth; they can help 　56　 property owners from rising power costs.

A) accommodations

B) clumsy

C) doubtfully

D) exceptions

E) expand

F) historic

G) incredibly

H) powering

I) protect

J) reduced

K) replace

L) sense

M) shifted

N) supplying

O) vast

Section B

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.

You never see them, but they're with you every time you fly. They record where you're going, how fast you're traveling and whether everything on your airplane is functioning normally. Their ability to withstand almost any disaster makes them seem like something out of a comic book. They're known as the black box.

When planes fall from the sky, as a Yemeni airliner did on its way to the Comoros Islands in the Indian Ocean June 30, 2009, the black box is the best bet for identifying what went wrong. So when a French submarine (潜水艇) detected the device's homing signal five days later, the discovery marked a huge step toward determining the cause of a tragedy in which 152 passengers were killed.

In 1958, Australian scientist David Warren developed a flight-memory recorder that would track basic information like altitude and direction. That was the first model for a black box, which became a requirement on all U.S. commercial flights by 1960. Early models often failed to withstand crashes, however, so in 1965 the device was completely redesigned and moved to the rear of the plane—the area least subject to impact—from its original position in the landing wells (起落架舱). That same year, the Federal Aviation Authority required that the boxes, which were never actually black, be painted orange or yellow to aid visibility.

Modern airplanes have two black boxes: a voice recorder, which tracks pilots' conversations, and a flight-data recorder, which monitors fuel levels, engine noises and other operating functions that help investigators reconstruct the aircraft's final moments. Placed in an insulated (隔绝的) case and surrounded by quarter-inch-thick panels of stainless steel, the boxes can withstand massive force and temperatures up to 2,000. When submerged, they're also able to emit signals from depths of 20,000 ft. Experts believe the boxes from Air France Flight 447, which crashed near Brazil on June 1, 2009, are in water nearly that deep, but statistics say they're still likely to turn up. In the approximately 20 deep-sea crashes over the past 30 years, only one plane's black boxes were never recovered.

57. What does the author say about the black box?

A) It ensures the normal functioning of an airplane.

B) The idea for its design comes from a comic book.

C) Its ability to ward off disasters is incredible.

D) It is an indispensable device on an airplane.

58. What information could be found from the black box on the Yemeni airliner?

A) Data for analyzing the cause of the crash.

B) The total number of passengers on board.

C) The scene of the crash and extent of the damage.

D) Homing signals sent by the pilot before the crash.

59. Why was the black box redesigned in 1965?

A) New materials became available by that time.

B) Too much space was needed for its installation.

C) The early models often got damaged in the crash.

D) The early models didn't provide the needed data.

60. Why did the Federal Aviation Authority require the black boxes be painted orange or yellow?

A) To distinguish them from the color of the plane.

B) To caution people to handle them with care.

C) To make them easily identifiable.

D) To conform to international standards.

61. What do we know about the black boxes from Air France Flight 447?

A) There is still a good chance of their being recovered.

B) There is an urgent need for them to be restructured.

C) They have stopped sending homing signals.

D) They were destroyed somewhere near Brazil.

Passage Two

Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.

The $11 billion self-help industry is built on the idea that you should turn negative thoughts like "I never do anything right" into positive ones like "I can succeed." But was positive thinking advocate Norman Vincent Peale right? Is there power in positive thinking?

Researchers in Canada just published a study in the journal Psychological Science that says trying to get people to think more positively can actually have the opposite effect: it can simply highlight how unhappy they are.

The study's authors, Joanne Wood and John Lee of the University of Waterloo and Elaine Perunovic of the University of New Brunswick, begin by citing older research showing that when people get feedback which they believe is overly positive, they actually feel worse, not better. If you tell your dim friend that he has the potential of an Einstein, you're just underlining his faults. In one 1990s experiment, a team including psychologist Joel Cooper of Princeton asked participants to write essays opposing funding for the disabled. When the essayists were later praised for their sympathy, they felt even worse about what they had written.

In this experiment, Wood, Lee and Perunovic measured 68 students' self-esteem. The participants were then asked to write down their thoughts and feelings for four minutes. Every 15 seconds, one group of students heard a bell. When it rang, they were supposed to tell themselves, "I am lovable."

Those with low self-esteem didn't feel better after the forced self-affirmation. In fact, their moods turned significantly darker than those of members of the control group, who weren't urged to think positive thoughts.

The paper provides support for newer forms of psychotherapy (心理治疗) that urge people to accept their negative thoughts and feelings rather than fight them. In the fighting, we not only often fail but can make things worse. Meditation (静思) techniques, in contrast, can teach people to put their shortcomings into a larger, more realistic perspective. Call it the power of negative thinking.

62. What do we learn from the first paragraph about the self-help industry?

A) It is a highly profitable industry.

B) It is based on the concept of positive thinking.

C) It was established by Norman Vincent Peale.

D) It has yielded positive results.

63. What is the finding of the Canadian researchers?

A) Encouraging positive thinking may do more harm than good.

B) There can be no simple therapy for psychological problems.

C) Unhappy people cannot think positively.

D) The power of positive thinking is limited.

64. What does the author mean by "...you're just underlining his faults" (Line 4, Para. 3)?

A) You are not taking his mistakes seriously enough.

B) You are pointing out the errors he has committed.

C) You are emphasizing the fact that he is not intelligent.

D) You are trying to make him feel better about his faults.

65. What do we learn from the experiment of Wood, Lee and Perunovic?

A) It is important for people to continually boost their self-esteem.

B) Self-affirmation can bring a positive change to one's mood.

C) Forcing a person to think positive thoughts may lower their self-esteem.

D) People with low self-esteem seldom write down their true feelings.

66. What do we learn from the last paragraph?

A) The effects of positive thinking vary from person to person.

B) Meditation may prove to be a good form of psychotherapy.

C) Different people tend to have different ways of thinking.

D) People can avoid making mistakes through meditation.

Part V　Cloze　(15 minutes)

Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D)on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Part Ⅵ　Translation　(5 minutes)

Directions: Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets. Please write your translation on Answer Sheet 2.

87. Because of the noise outside, Nancy had great difficulty __________________________________________ (集中注意力在实验上).

88. The manager never laughed; neither ___________________________________________________________ (她也从来没有发过脾气).

89. We look forward to ________________________________________________________________________ (被邀请出席开幕式).

90. It is suggested that the air conditioner _________________________________________________________ (要安装在窗户旁).

91. The 16-year-old girl decided to travel abroad on her own despite __________________________________ (她父母的强烈反对).

2010年6月大学英语四级考试真题详解

Part I Writing

Due Attention Should Be Given to Spelling

Ignoring word-spelling in English learning, as students in abundance acknowledge, does exist.① While they are busy preparing for the exams like CET 4 and CET 6 and pay attention to some practical abilities for communicating, there has normally been an oversight to this elementary skill and mistakes are in high frequency.

There are various factors that triggered the phenomenon.② To commence, ability to ace the exam and gain the certificate is considered to be of more importance and during the college schooling, students seldom write words down when they memorize them.③ The secondary reason is that students lack practice and assignments seldom require writing.④

To improve it, I personally assume that cooperation between the school teaching and students' learning should be ensured.⑤ On the education level, spelling should be valued in classroom as well as in the exam. On the individual level, students should be aware of the basic skills and do everything down to earth.⑥

①．从学生的角度来说明拼写的现状。

②．该句配合第一段首句，紧扣提纲。

③．用to commence分层阐述第一点内容；在阐述并列点之前，插入时间状语during the college schooling，形成语言模式的多样性。

④．此句中陈述了并列的两点，语言简洁。

⑤．该句与前两段配合，紧扣提纲，提出改善这一问题的办法。其中选用了cooperation这一涉及两个层面的词，便于下文从两方面来论述。

⑥．该句使用了down to earth这样可以展现广泛而丰富的语料积累的短语。

适度重视拼写

正如很多学生所承认的，在英语学习中忽视单词拼写的情况确实存在。当他们忙于准备大学英语4、6级考试并关注实际交流能力时，通常会忽视这一基本技能，并且经常犯错。

导致这种现象的因素是多样的。首先，人们认为能够顺利通过考试并获得证书更加重要；在大学期间，学生背单词时也很少将单词写下来。第二个层面的原因是，学生缺乏练习，并且作业的要求也很少涉及写作。

为了改善这一状况，我个人认为应该确保学校教学和学生学习两个层面的合作。在教育层面，课堂上应重视拼写，在考试中也应如此。在个人层面，学生应意识到基本技能的重要性，并且在做任何事时都要脚踏实地。

要点用法

ignore 忽视

ace the exam 顺利通过考试

as students acknowledge... 正如学生所承认的……

be of importance＝vital＝substantial＝decisive＝be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事

critical 重要的

pay attention to 关注

memorize 记忆

an oversight to 对于……的疏忽

secondary 第二的

elementary skill 基本技能

personally assume 个人认为

in high frequency 频率高

cooperation 合作

factor 因素

on the education level 在教育层面

trigger 引发

value 重视

phenomenon 现象

be aware of 意识到

to commence 首先

down to earth 脚踏实地

句法点评

1. To commence, ability to ace the exam and gain the certificate is considered to be of more importance and during the college schooling, students seldom write words down when they memorize them.

原因一：用一个较为复杂的并列句陈述第一个原因。

2. The secondary reason is that students lack practice and assignments seldom require writing.

原因二：表语从句陈述第二个原因。

3. To improve it, I personally assume that cooperation between the school teaching and students' learning should be ensured.

目的状语＋主从句型表达出作者的个人观点。

Part II　Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)

沉湎于网络

几个月前，每天花15个小时上网对47岁的卡拉·特贝来说是很平常的。她通常很早就醒了，然后打开笔记本电脑，登录交友网站和即时通讯程序，开始聊天——只有短暂的几次从床上下来。她有一堆待洗的餐具和脏衣服，还有许多没交的家庭账单。［1］然而，在她的四个女儿几乎不间断地抱怨之后，她才意识到自己有问题。

“我开始感觉到我的整个世界好像正在四分五裂——我似乎正陷入抑郁的低谷。”卡拉说。“我知道如果不远离那些交友网站，我还会继续沉沦下去，”使她自己进一步脱离外面的世界。

特贝的结论是：她感觉自己好像对网络“上瘾”了。而她并非个例。

人们并不是最近才开始关注过度上网问题的。早在1995年，一些医学期刊上的文章以及宾夕法尼亚过度上网者治疗中心的建立就已经引起了人们对这一问题的兴趣。［2］目前，人们对于上网多长时间属于过度以及是否可能对网络痴迷成瘾这两个问题还没有达成共识。

但是有迹象表明，随着对网络依赖程度的加深，人们也开始越来越严肃地对待这个问题：上个月，一篇发表在《中枢神经系统谱系》上的研究报告声称，他们首次对过度上网问题进行了大规模研究。美国精神病学协会可能会考虑将网络成瘾症列入其诊断手册的下一个版本中。许多线上讨论区也突然出现，人们在其中讨论花太多时间上网的消极经历。

精神科医生伊万·戈德堡表示：“毫无疑问，有些人正因为过度沉迷于网络而深陷困境。”戈德堡将这个问题称为失调而不是真正的成瘾。

威尔士的一名专门研究网络社区的研究员乔纳森·毕晓普对此抱以更加怀疑的态度。他说：“互联网是一个环境，你不可能对环境上瘾。”［3］毕晓普把这个问题简单地形容为做事先后的问题，而解决问题的方法就是鼓励人们优先考虑其他生活目标和计划，而不是将上网时间放在第一位。

这个发表在《中枢神经系统谱系》上的新研究以对全国2500多名成年人进行的一项电话调查结果为依据。这次调查与2005年的一样，也是由斯坦福大学的研究人员进行的。大约有6％的受访者表示“他们的人际关系因为过度沉迷于网络而受到了影响”。9％左右的人则试图隐瞒“使用网络并非出于必要”的事实，还有将近4％的人感觉“不上网的时候也会一直惦记着网络”。

大约8％的人表示，他们把网络作为一种逃避问题的途径，将近14％的被调查者称他们“发现自己很难连续几天不上网”。

斯坦福大学的教授伊莱亚斯·阿布贾乌德说：“网络问题尚处于初期阶段。”他认为过度上网不能单独归咎于某一项网上活动。他表示，“他们上网是泡在聊天室里、收发邮件或者写写博客。（该问题）不仅仅局限于色情或赌博”网站。

是否过度沉迷于网络不应该以上网的时间来界定，而要“根据它所造成的损失”来定义，哈佛大学教授玛莱莎·奥萨克说，［4］“如果造成的损失是你无心工作、家庭关系破裂，那么这就是上网过度了。”

自20世纪90年代初期以来，美国成立了几家专门治疗严重沉迷于网络者的机构。它们包括网瘾康复中心和网络行为中心。

奥萨克中心的网站列出了电脑成瘾的心理症状，其中包括：

●使用电脑时有一种幸福感或兴奋感。

●渴望有越来越多的时间使用电脑。

●忽略家人和朋友。

●不用电脑时就会感到空虚、沮丧或易怒。

●就上网所进行的活动，对雇主和家人说谎。

●一上网就停不下来。

●学业或工作出现问题。

该网站所列的生理症状包括眼睛干涩、背疼、不吃正餐、个人卫生糟糕以及睡眠障碍。

［5］奥萨克说道，正在为过度使用网络而挣扎的人可能会感到沮丧或受其他情绪紊乱问题的困扰。当她与她的病人讨论网络习惯时，他们通常会表示上网会带来一种“归属感、逃离感、兴奋感（和）愉悦感，”她说，“有些人还会提到解脱感……，因为他们发现自己是那么的放松。”

网络的某些方面似乎比其他方面更加吸引人。网络游戏玩家们花费无数个小时与来自世界各地的人在游戏中竞技。其中有一款网络游戏叫《魔兽世界》，在很多网站上，发帖人在抱怨“游戏成瘾”时都以它为例。

安德鲁·海德里希是萨克拉门托的一名教育网络管理员，他每隔一天晚上都会玩2到4个小时的《魔兽世界》，但是比起他在大学时期每周花40到60个小时玩网游来说，这并不算什么。［6］他的家人对此进行了全面干预，在亲戚告诉他他的体重增加了之后，他才减少了玩游戏的时间。

“正是整个竞争文化使人们沉迷于”网络游戏，如今已是两个孩子的父亲的海德里希说。“人们以生活中一切不变的事物为代价去玩游戏。”［7］现在，海德里希会定期访问一些讨论游戏成瘾的网站，“以提醒自己将对网游的喜爱控制在合理范围内”。

特贝也经常访问一个网友讨论过度沉迷于网络的网站。八月份，当她第一次意识到自己有问题时，［8］她在雅虎网络成瘾群里发了一个帖子，题为《我有网络成瘾问题》。

“我是自由职业者，我需要网络来工作，但我却无法完成我的工作、照顾我的家庭、关心我的孩子，”她在发给群里的消息中写道。［9］“我没有钱或保险来寻求专业帮助，我甚至无力偿还抵押贷款，我面临一无所有的危险。”

特贝表示，从那以后，她一直遵守自己的承诺，缩短上网时间。［10］“我现在有男朋友，对在线交友也没什么兴趣了，”上周她在电话里说，“现在情况大有好转。”

1. What eventually made Carla Toebe realize she was spending too much time on the Internet?

A) Her daughters' repeated complaints.

B) Fatigue resulting from lack of sleep.

C) The poorly managed state of her house.

D) The high financial costs adding up.

什么让卡拉·特贝最终意识到她耗在网络上的时间太长了？

A）她女儿们的反复抱怨。

B）睡眠缺乏导致的疲劳。

C）家务管理不善的状况。

D）不断增加的高额花费。

►线索词：Carla Toebe，realize

►定位处：首段最后一句。

►解析：本题的命题点在转折关系处，标志词but后面的内容是答题的关键。首段最后一句指出，直到她的四个女儿几乎不间断地向她抱怨，她才意识到自己有问题，故正确答案为A。

2. What does the author say about excessive Internet use?

A) People should be warned of its harmful consequences.

B) It has become virtually inevitable.

C) It has been somewhat exaggerated.

D) People haven't yet reached agreement on its definition.

关于过度上网，作者说了什么？

A）应该警告人们它的有害后果。

B）实际上，它已经变得不可避免了。

C）它在某种程度上被夸大了。

D）就其定义，人们还没有达成共识。

►线索词：excessive Internet use

►定位处：第四段。

►解析：本题可采取排除法。第四段对于excessive Internet use的说法只有两点：isn't new和no consensus（未达成共识），四个选项中只有D项haven't yet reached agreement与原文no consensus意思一致，而其他三项中的harmful consequences、become inevitable和exaggerated在原文中都未提及，故排除。

3. Jonathan Bishop believes that the Internet overuse problem can be solved if people ______.

A) try to improve the Internet environment

B) become aware of its serious consequences

C) can realize what is important in life

D) can reach a consensus on its definition

乔纳森·毕晓普认为，如果人们______，过度上网的问题就能得到解决。

A）努力改善网络环境

B）意识到它的严重后果

C）能意识到生命中什么是重要的

D）能就其定义达成共识

►线索词：Jonathan Bishop，solved

►定位处：第七段最后一句。

►解析：注意原文中的标志词by，后面所承接的内容“鼓励人们优先考虑其他生活目标和计划，而不是将上网时间放在第一位”即为解决问题的方法，与C项相匹配。

4. According to Professor Maressa Orzack, Internet use would be considered excessive if ______.

A) it seriously affected family relationships

B) one visited porn websites frequently

C) too much time was spent in chat rooms

D) people got involved in online gambling

玛莱莎·奥萨克教授认为，如果______，则被视为上网过度。

A）它严重影响了家庭关系

B）一个人频繁访问色情网站

C）花在聊天室里的时间太多

D）人们参与在线赌博

►线索词：Maressa Orzack，excessive

►定位处：第十一段。

►解析：解答本题时需注意原文中“not...but”的用法，说明是后者而非前者，即过度使用网络不能以时间多少来定义，而应以造成的损失来定义，排除C选项。紧接着文中又解释了损失的具体内容：无心工作、家庭关系被破坏，故正确答案为A。

5. According to Orzack, people who struggle with heavy reliance on the Internet may feel ______.

A) discouraged

B) pressured

C) depressed

D) puzzled

奥萨克认为，为过度依赖网络而挣扎的人也许会感到______。

A）灰心

B）有压力

C）沮丧

D）迷惑

►线索词：people who struggle with

►定位处：第十五段首句。

►解析：第十五段中奥萨克说道，“正在为过度使用网络而挣扎的人可能会感到沮丧或受其他情绪紊乱问题的困扰。”题干中的feel对应原文中的be，后面的形容词depressed即为正在为沉迷于网络而挣扎的人的感觉，所以C为正确答案。

6. Why did Andrew Heidrich cut back on online gaming?

A) He had lost a lot of money.

B) His family had intervened.

C) He had offended his relatives.

D) His career had been ruined.

为什么安德鲁·海德里希缩减了上网玩游戏的时间？

A）他损失了很多钱。

B）他的家人进行了干预。

C）他冒犯了他的亲属。

D）他的事业被毁了。

►线索词：Andrew Heidrich，cut back

►定位处：第十七段。

►解析：在第十七段中提到，安德鲁·海德里希的家人进行了全面干预，在亲戚告诉他他的体重增加了之后，他才减少了玩游戏的时间。虽然family intervention和relatives在原文中都出现了，但C项说的是“他冒犯了他的亲戚”，和原文意思不符，故排除。正确答案为B。

7. Andrew Heidrich now visits websites that discuss online gaming addiction to ______.

A) improve his online gaming skills

B) curb his desire for online gaming

C) show how good he is at online gaming

D) exchange online gaming experience

现在，安德鲁·海德里希访问讨论上网玩游戏成瘾的网站是为了______。

A）提高他上网玩游戏的技能

B）克制他上网玩游戏的欲望

C）展示他上网玩游戏的娴熟技能

D）交流上网玩游戏的经验

►线索词：Heidrich，visits websites，discuss gaming addiction

►定位处：第十八段。

►解析：题干中的to不定式表目的，是解题的关键。定位至原文中的discuss gaming addiction处，其后也是to不定式表目的，紧接着的“以提醒自己将对网游的喜爱（love）控制在合理范围内”即为考查的内容。四个选项的关键词分别为skills、desire、good at以及experience，只有desire与原文的love意思最为接近，故B为正确答案。

8. In one of the messages she posted on a website, Toebe admitted that she had an Internet addiction.

特贝在发到某个网站上的一个帖子里承认她有网瘾。

►线索词：Toebe，posted

►定位处：倒数第三段最后一句。

►解析：题干问Toebe在发到某个网站上的帖子中承认了什么，定位至原文，她的帖子标题为“I have an Internet Addiction”，即她承认了自己网络成瘾。原文是标题的形式，考生在答题时需注意时态和大小写的问题。

9. Excessive Internet use had rendered Toebe so poor that she couldn't afford to seek professional help.

过度上网让特贝变得很穷，以至于她没有钱寻求专业帮助。

►线索词：Toebe，poor，seek

►定位处：倒数第二段最后一句。

►解析：题干中的关键词为poor和seek，原文倒数第二段中，与poor对应的是no money，与seek对应的是get，因此原文中get之后的内容professional help即为本题应填的内容。

10. Now that she's got a boyfriend, Toebe is no longer crazy about online dating.

既然特贝有了男朋友，她就不再为在线交友而疯狂了。

►线索词：boyfriend，Toebe，crazy about

►定位处：末段第二句。

►解析：本题主要考查同义词组替换。题干问Toebe有了男朋友之后的情况，关键词组为no longer crazy about，对应原文的not interested in，因此online dating即为本题应填的内容。

Part III　Listening Comprehension

Section A

11. A) He has proved to be a better reader than the woman.

B) He has difficulty understanding the book.

C) He cannot get access to the assigned book.

D) He cannot finish his assignment before the deadline.

W: Just imagine! We have to finish reading 300 pages before Monday! How can the professor expect us to do it in such a short time?

M: Yeah, but what troubles me is that I can't find the book in the library or in the university bookstore.

Q: What does the man mean?

A）事实证明他是比这位女士更优秀的读者。

B）他很难理解这本书。

C）他无法得到指定的书。

D）他不能在规定时间内完成作业。

女：想象一下，我们得在周一前读完300页！教授怎么能期望我们在如此短的时间内完成呢？

男：是啊，但让我烦恼的是，我在图书馆和学校书店里都找不到这本书。

问：男士的意思是什么？

►听前预测

①选项都以he开头，三项含有表能力的叙述（has difficulty，cannot）。

②三项含有与书相关的词汇（reader，book）。

③两项含有与作业相关的词汇（assigned，assignment，deadline）。

结论：对话很可能与老师布置的读书作业有关，考查男生遇到了什么问题。

►解析：女生向男生抱怨教授留的读书作业量太大，男士说麻烦的是他在图书馆和书店都找不到这本书，故C项正确。本题是but题，重点听but后的内容。

12.  A) She will drive the man to the supermarket.

B) The man should buy a car of his own.

C) The man needn't go shopping every week.

D) She can pick the man up at the grocery store.

M: Do you think I could borrow your car to go grocery shopping? The supermarkets outside the city are so much cheaper. I'd also be happy to pick up anything you need.

W: Well, I don't like to let anyone else drive my car. Tell you what, why don't we go together?

Q: What does the woman mean?

A）她将开车带男士去超市。

B）男士应该买辆自己的车。

C）男士不需要每周都去购物。

D）她可以在杂货店接男士。

男：我可以借你的车去买点杂货吗？市区外的超市便宜很多。我也会很高兴帮你捎回你需要的东西。

女：哦，我不喜欢让别人开我的车。我有个主意，我们一起去怎么样？

问：女士的意思是什么？

►听前预测

①两项以the man开头，两项以she开头。

②三项含有与购物相关的词汇（supermarket，go shopping，grocery store）。

③三项含有与车相关的词汇（drive，car，pick sb. up）。

④四项均含有情态动词（will，should，needn't，can）。

结论：对话与购物和出行方式相关，考建议题的可能性较大。

►解析：男士向女士借车去购物，女士不愿借，但提议自己开车和男士一起去。本题考查女士的建议，why don't sb. do sth.?是典型的提建议的用语。

13. A) Get more food and drinks.

B) Ask his friend to come over.

C) Tidy up the place.

D) Hold a party.

M: Forgive the mess in here; we had a party last night. There were a lot of people and they all brought food.

W: Yeah, I can tell. Well, I guess it's pretty obvious what you'll be doing most of today.

Q: What does the woman think the man will do?

A）拿更多的食物和饮料。

B）请他的朋友过来。

C）打扫这个地方。

D）举办一个聚会。

男：请原谅这里这么乱，昨晚我们有一个聚会。很多人都来了，而且都带了食物。

女：是啊，我能看得出来。那么，我想今天你大部分时间要做什么已经相当明显了。

问：女士认为男士要做什么？

►听前预测

①四项均以动词原形开头。

②重点名词为：food，drink，friend，place，party。

结论：对话内容很可能与聚会有关，提问做某事的可能性较大。

►解析：男士说昨晚办了聚会把屋子弄得很乱，女士由此推断出男士将要干什么（打扫房间），故选C。对话中没有明确点出女士的推断结果，需要考生根据常识自行推断。本题还可通过排除法来做。聚会是昨天晚上举办的，故可排除B、D；男士说昨天朋友带来了很多食物，而不是他要再弄些食物和饮料，故排除A。

14.  A) The talks can be held any day except this Friday.

B) He could change his schedule to meet John Smith.

C) The first-round talks should start as soon as possible.

D) The woman should contact John Smith first.

W: What time would suit you for the first round talks with John Smith?

M: Well, you know my schedule. Other than this Friday, one day is as good as the next.

Q: What does the man mean?

A）除了这周五，会谈可以在任何一天进行。

B）为了会见约翰·史密斯，他可以改变他的日程安排。

C）第一轮会谈应该尽快开始。

D）女士应该先与约翰·史密斯联系。

女：您觉得什么时间与约翰·史密斯进行第一轮会谈合适？

男：呃，你知道我的日程安排。除了这周五，哪天都可以。

问：男士的意思是什么？

►听前预测

①两项提到人物John Smith。

②两项提到谈话（talks）。

③四项与时间有关（except this Friday，change his schedule，as soon as possible，first）

结论：对话很可能讨论何时与John Smith谈话的问题。

►解析：女士询问男士何时与John Smith进行第一轮会谈，男士说除了这周五哪天都可以。本题的解题关键在于理解男士的最后一句话。other than意为“除……之外”。

15.  A) He understands the woman's feelings.

B) He has gone through a similar experience.

C) The woman should have gone on the field trip.

D) The teacher is just following the regulations.

W: I was so angry yesterday! My biology teacher did not even let me explain why I missed the field trip. He just wouldn't let me pass!

M: That doesn't seem fair. I'd feel that way too if I were you.

Q: What does the man imply?

A）他理解女士的感受。

B）他有过类似的经历。

C）女士本应该参加实地考察。

D）老师只是在按规定办事。

女：我昨天简直太生气了！我的生物老师甚至不让我解释为什么我没有参加实地考察。他就是不让我通过考试！

男：那好像不公平。如果我是你，我也会生气。

问：男士的话暗含了什么意思？

►听前预测

①两项以he开头。

②两项与教学有关（field trip，teacher）。

结论：对话很可能与实地考察课程有关，针对男士进行提问的可能性较大。

►解析：本题问男士的话暗示了什么，答题的关键在于听懂男士所说的内容。女士向男士抱怨说，她的生物老师没问她未参加实地考察的原因就给了她不及格。男士表示理解女士的感受，使用了虚拟语气句型I'd...if I were you。

16. A) She will meet the man halfway.

B) She is sorry the man will not come.

C) She will ask David to talk less.

D) She has to invite David to the party.

M: I really can't stand the way David controls the conversation all the time. If he's going to be at your Christmas party, I just won't come.

W: I'm sorry you feel that way, but my mother insists that he come.

Q: What does the woman imply?

A）她将向男士妥协。

B）她对男士不出席感到遗憾。

C）她会让戴维少说话。

D）她不得不邀请戴维来参加聚会。

男：我真的不能忍受戴维一直掌控谈话的做法。如果他要来参加你的圣诞聚会，我就不来了。

女：我对你有这样的感觉感到很抱歉，但是我妈妈坚持要他来。

问：女士的话暗含了什么意思？

►听前预测

①四项以she开头。

②选项中提及三个人物（she，the man，David）。

③两项表将来（will）。

结论：对话很可能问女士将要做什么，内容与三个人的关系相关。

►解析：男士说无法忍受David，如果David参加聚会他就不去了。女士表示抱歉，因为她妈妈坚持要David出席。由此可推断，女士不得不邀请David参加聚会。

17. A) Few students understand Prof. Johnson's lectures.

B) Few students meet Prof. Johnson's requirements.

C) Many students find Prof. Johnson's lectures boring.

D) Many students have dropped Prof. Johnson's class.

W: You're taking a course with Professor Johnson. What's your impression so far?

M: Well, many students could hardly stay awake in his class without first drinking a cup of coffee.

Q: What does the man imply?

A）几乎没有学生听得懂约翰逊教授的课。

B）几乎没有学生符合约翰逊教授的要求。

C）很多学生发现约翰逊教授的课很无聊。

D）很多学生退了约翰逊教授的课。

女：你正在上约翰逊教授的课吧，到目前为止，你感觉怎么样？

男：呃，如果不先喝一杯咖啡的话，许多学生在他的课上几乎不能保持清醒。

问：男士的话暗含了什么意思？

►听前预测

①四项均提及学生和Johnson教授。

②三项与教授的课程（lectures，class）相关。

③四项均提及学生与教授或课程的关系（understand，meet...requirements，find...boring，have dropped...class）。

结论：对话很可能与学生上Johnson教授的课有关。

►解析：本题问男士的话暗示了什么，答题的关键在于听懂男士所说的话。女士询问男士对Johnson教授的课印象怎么样，男士说许多同学课前不喝咖啡的话几乎无法保持清醒。可见Johnson教授的课很无聊。

18. A) Check their computer files.

B) Make some computations.

C) Study a computer program.

D) Assemble a computer.

W: Have you ever put a computer together before?

M: No, never. But I think if we follow these instructions exactly, we won't have much trouble.

Q: What are the speakers going to do?

A）检查电脑文件。

B）做一些计算。

C）学习某个电脑程序。

D）组装电脑。

女：你之前曾组装过电脑吗？

男：没，从来没有。但是，我认为如果我们严格按照说明组装，应该不会有太多麻烦。

问：说话者要做什么？

►听前预测

①四项均以动词原形开头。

②三项与电脑（computer）相关。

结论：对话很可能提问要做什么与电脑相关的事情。

►解析：女士问男士以前是否装过电脑，男士说没装过，但照着说明书上做应该不会有问题。可见两人是准备安装电脑。D项中的assemble是对put...together的同义替换。

Conversation One

听力原文&译文

W: What sort of hours do you work, Steve?

M: Well,［19］I have to work very long hours, about eleven hours a day.

W: What time do you start?

M: I work 9:00 to 3:00. Then I start again at 5:30 and work until 11:00. Six days a week. So I have to work very unsocial hours.

W: And do you have to work at the weekend?

M: Oh, yes, that's our busiest time. I get Wednesdays off.

W: What are the things you have to do, and the things you don't have to do?

M: Uh, I don't have to do the washing-up, so that's good. I have to wear white and I have to keep everything in the kitchen totally clean.

W: What's hard about the job?

M:［20］You're standing up all the time. When we're busy, people get angry and sharp. But that's normal.

W: How did you learn the profession?

M: Well, I did a two-year course at college. In the first year, we had to learn the basics. And then we had to take exams.

W: Was it easy to find a job?

M:［21］I wrote to about six hotels. And one of them gave me my first job, so I didn't have to wait too long.

W: And what's the secret of being good at your job?

M:［22］Attention to detail. You have to love it. You have to show passion for it.

W: And what are your plans for the future?

M: I want to have my own place when the time is right.

女：史蒂夫，你一天工作多少个小时？

男：呃，［19］我得工作很长时间，大约一天11个小时。

女：你几点开始工作？

男：我从上午9点工作到下午3点。然后再从下午5点半一直工作到晚上11点。一周工作6天。所以我必须在非正常工作时间工作。

女：那你周末必须要工作吗？

男：嗯，是的，我们在周末最忙。我周三不上班。

女：你都必须做些什么？不用做些什么？

男：呃，我不用洗餐具，所以还挺好的。我必须穿白色的工作服，还要让厨房里所有的东西都保持彻底干净。

女：这份工作难做的地方是什么？

男：［20］要一直站着。当我们忙的时候，人们就会变得生气、尖刻，但那很正常。

女：你是如何学习这个职业的？

男：嗯，我在大学上了一门为期两年的课程。第一年，我们必须学习基础知识。然后我们要参加考试。

女：找工作容易吗？

男：［21］我给大概六家酒店写了求职信。其中一家给了我第一份工作，所以我不用等太久才找到工作。

女：做好这份工作的秘诀是什么？

男：［22］注意细节，你必须热爱这份工作并且要展示出对它的热情。

女：那你对未来有什么计划吗？

男：我想在时机合适时拥有自己的酒店。

19. A) It allows him to make a lot of friends.

B) It requires him to work long hours.

C) It enables him to apply theory to practice.

D) It helps him understand people better.

Q: What does the man say about his job?

A）它可以让他交很多朋友。

B）它要求他长时间工作。

C）它能使他将理论应用于实践。

D）它帮助他变得更善解人意。

问：关于他的工作，男士说了什么？

►听前预测

①纵看选项，四项都以it开头，可以推测谈论的主题是某事或某物。

②四项中都出现了him，可推测问题与男士有关。

③两项含有与工作相关的词汇（work，apply theory to practice）。

结论：该题可能是询问男士对工作的态度或看法。

►解析：男士在对话开头就提到，他的工作时间很长，每天要工作11个小时，故B为正确答案。

20. A) It is intellectually challenging.

B) It requires him to do washing-up all the time.

C) It exposes him to oily smoke all day long.

D) It demands physical endurance and patience.

Q: What does the man think is the hardest part of his job?

A）它具有智力挑战性。

B）它要求他一直清洗餐具。

C）它使他整天接触油烟。

D）它要求（人们具备）身体耐力和耐心。

问：男士认为这份工作最困难的部分是什么？

►听前预测

①四项主语为it，结合上一题可推测it很可能仍指工作。

②两项含有him。

③两项含有表要求的词（require，demand）。

④两项提到了挑战或困难（intellectually challenging，expose to...all day long）。

结论：本题很可能又是对男士进行提问，询问他的工作要求或是工作中的困难或挑战。

►解析：在回答女士关于工作中最困难的地方是什么的提问时，男士说道：“你要一直站着。当我们忙的时候，人们很容易生气，说话变得很尖刻。”因此可以推断男士的工作需要身体上的耐力和耐心，故D项正确。

21. A) In a hospital.

B) At a coffee shop.

C) At a laundry.

D) In a hotel.

Q: Where did the man get his first job after graduation?

A）在一家医院。

B）在一家咖啡馆。

C）在一家洗衣店。

D）在一家酒店。

问：毕业后男士在哪儿得到了他的第一份工作？

►听前预测

四个选项均表地点，结合前两题可推断，该问题可能考查与工作相关的地点。考生在听音时，应集中精力记录好听到的地点及其对应的内容，然后再根据问题做出判断。

►解析：对话中当女士问到找工作是否容易时，男士说他曾向六家酒店投过简历，其中的一家给了他第一份工作，因此可知他的第一份工作是在酒店，故D为正确答案。

22. A) Getting along well with colleagues.

B) Paying attention to every detail.

C) Planning everything in advance.

D) Knowing the needs of customers.

Q: What does the man say is important to being good at his job?

A）与同事相处得好。

B）注意每个细节。

C）事先把所有事情都计划好。

D）了解顾客的需求。

问：男士说什么对做好这项工作很重要？

►听前预测

①纵看选项，四项均为现在分词短语，可推测该题考查的是一种行为。

②两项明确与工作相关（getting along well with colleagues，knowing the needs of customers）。

结论：该题可能考查与工作内容相关的某一行为。

►解析：当女士问到做好这份工作的秘诀是什么时，男士回答说，“Attention to detail（关注细节）”，故答案为B。

Conversation Two

听力原文&译文

W:［23］Now you've seen this table of figures about the pocket money children in Britain get?

M: Yes. I thought it was quite interesting, but I don't quite understand the column entitled "change". Can you explain what it means?

W: Well, I think it means the change from the year before. I am not a mathematician, but I assume the rise from 72p to 90p is a rise of 25 percent.

M: Oh, yes, I see. And the inflation rate is there for comparison.

W: Yes.［24］Why do you think the rise in pocket money is often higher than inflation?

M: I am sorry I've no idea. Perhaps parents in Britain are too generous.

W: Perhaps they are. But it looks as if children were a lot better off in 2001 than they were in 2002. That's strange, isn't it? And they seem to have been better off in 2003 than they are now. I wonder why that is.

M: Yes, I don't understand that at all.

W: Anyway, if you had children, how much pocket money would you give them?

M: I don't know. I think I'd probably give them 2 pounds a week.

W: Would you? And what would you expect them to do with it?

M: Well, out of that,［25］they'd have to buy some small personal things, but I wouldn't expect them to save to buy their own socks, for example.

W: Yes, by the way, do most children in your country get pocket money?

M: Yeah, they do.

女：［23］现在你已经看到这份有关英国孩子获得的零花钱的图表数据了吧？

男：是的，我认为它相当有趣，但是我不太理解名为“变化”的那一列的内容。你能解释一下它的意思吗？

女：呃，我认为它展现了与前一年相比的变化。我不是数学家，但我认为从72英镑到90英镑增长了25％。

男：哦，是啊，我明白了。并且那里也比较了通货膨胀率。

女：是的。［24］你认为零花钱的增长为什么常常比通货膨胀高？

男：对不起，我不知道。也许是英国的父母们太慷慨了吧。

女：也许他们是这样吧。但是看上去好像孩子们在2001年的零花钱比2002年的多很多。这很奇怪，不是吗？而且他们在2003年的零花钱似乎比现在的还多。我想知道为什么会这样。

男：是啊，我也一点儿都不明白。

女：不管怎么样，假如你有孩子，你会给他们多少零花钱？

男：我不知道，我觉得我可能会一周给他们2英镑。

女：是吗？那你期望他们怎么花这些钱？

男：呃，关于这一点，［25］他们要去买一些小的个人用品，但是我不想让他们攒零花钱去买自己的比如袜子之类的东西。

女：是的，顺便问一下，你们国家的大部分孩子都能得到零花钱吗？

男：是啊，都能得到。

23.  A) The pocket money British children get.

B) The annual inflation rate in Britain.

C) The things British children spend money on.

D) The rising cost of raising a child in Britain.

Q: What is the table of figures about?

A）英国孩子得到的零花钱。

B）英国每年的通货膨胀率。

C）英国孩子花钱买的东西。

D）英国养育孩子的费用的不断增长。

问：图表数据是关于什么内容的？

►听前预测

①四项都提到了英国（British，Britain）。

②三项都提到了孩子（children，child）。

③三项含有与金钱相关的词语（money，cost）。

结论：该题很可能跟英国孩子的花钱状况有关。听音重点在pocket money、inflation rate、things spent money on和cost of raising a child上。

►解析：对话一开始，女士就问男士是否看到这份关于英国孩子得到的零花钱的图表数据，故可知A为正确答案。

24. A) It enables children to live better.

B) It goes down during economic recession.

C) It often rises higher than inflation.

D) It has gone up 25% in the past decade.

Q: What do we learn from the conversation about British children's pocket money?

A）它能让孩子们生活得更好。

B）在经济衰退期间，它的数量有所下降。

C）它的增长常常高于通货膨胀。

D）它在过去的十年里增长了25％。

问：关于英国孩子的零花钱，我们从对话中了解到了什么信息？

►听前预测

①四项主语都为it，结合上一题可推测it指的是英国孩子的花钱状况。

②三项含有表示升高或降低的词（goes down，rises，has gone up）。

③两项含有与经济相关的词（economic recession，inflation）。

结论：该题有可能考查英国孩子的花钱状况与经济变化的关系。

►解析：对话中女士问男士“Why do you think the rise in pocket money is often higher than inflation？”，因此可知C项“它的增长常常高于通货膨胀”为正确答案。A、B两项在对话中均未提及，可排除。D项应为“过去一年增长了25％”，而不是“过去十年增长了25％”。

25. A) Save up for their future education.

B) Pay for small personal things.

C) Buy their own shoes and socks.

D) Make donations when necessary.

Q: Supposing the man had children, what would he expect them to do with their pocket money?

A）为自己将来的教育攒钱。

B）买一些小的个人用品。

C）买自己的鞋和袜子。

D）在必要时进行捐款。

问：假设男士有孩子，他期望他的孩子如何使用零花钱？

►听前预测

四项都含有与钱的使用相关的词语（save up，pay for，buy，make donations），结合前几题可推测，本题可能考查英国孩子如何支配零花钱。听音时，要着重听选项中的四个动词，并将其对应的内容记录下来。

►解析：在对话中，当女士问男士如果他有了孩子，希望孩子们怎样支配零花钱时，男士说想让他们买一些小的个人用品，并提到不想让他们买一些像自己的袜子之类的东西，因此B项正确，C项错误。A、D两项对话中均未提及，故正确答案为B。

Section B

Passage One

听力原文&译文

［26］As the new sales director for a national computer firm, Alex Gordon was looking forward to his first meeting with the company's district managers. Everyone arrived on time, and Alex's presentation went extremely well.［27］He decided to end the meeting with the conversation about the importance of the district managers to the company's plans. "I believe we are going to continue to increase our share of the market," he began, "because of the quality of the people in this room. The district manager is the key to the success of the sales representatives in his district. He sets the term for everyone else. If he has ambitious goals and is willing to put in long hours, everyone in his unit will follow his example." When Alex was finished, he received polite applause, but hardly the warm response he had hoped for. Later he spoke with one of the senior managers. "Things were going so well until the end", Alex said disappointedly. "Obviously, I said the wrong thing." "Yes", the district manager replied. "［28］Half of our managers are women. Most have worked their way up from sales representatives, and they are very proud of the role they played in the company's growth. They don't care at all about political correctness.［29］But they were definitely surprised and distressed to be referred to as 'he' in your speech."

［26］作为一家国有计算机企业的新任销售总监，亚历克斯·戈登期待着与公司区域经理们的第一次会议。每个人都准时到了场，亚历克斯的讲话也非常精彩。［27］他决定以谈论区域经理对于公司计划的重要性来结束会议。“我相信我们将会继续加大我们的市场份额，”他开始道，“这要归功于在场的各位优秀人士。区域经理是他所在区域内的销售代表们成功的关键。他为其他每个人设定销售期限。如果他有抱负，并乐意为此付出很长时间，他部门的每个人都会效仿他。”当亚历克斯结束讲话时，大家给予了他礼貌性的掌声，但不是他所希望的热烈反响。会后，他同一名高级经理谈话。“在会议结束之前，一切都很顺利”，亚历克斯失望地说，“很明显，我说错了话。”“是的”，这位区域经理回答道，“［28］我们的经理中有一半是女性。大部分人都是从销售代表逐步晋升上来的，她们对自己在公司发展中起的作用很自豪。她们根本不在乎政治的正确性。［29］但是你在讲话时称她们为‘他’，她们肯定会感到惊讶和伤心。”

整体预测

快速浏览本部分所有选项，由其中的关键词managers、customers、sales representatives和company's plans可大致推断，该文章很可能讲的是与公司业务有关的内容，因此在听音时需要重点关注与之相关的信息。

26.  A) District managers.

B) Regular customers.

C) Sales directors.

D) Senior clerks.

Q: Who did Alex Gordon speak to at the first meeting?

A）区域经理。

B）老客户。

C）销售总监。

D）高级职员。

问：亚历克斯·戈登的第一次会议是针对什么人的？

►解题思路

①四项均为名词短语。

②四项是表示职位或身份的词。

结论：本题很可能考查与某人职位或身份有关的内容，听音重点为district managers、regular customers、sales directors、senior clerks以及与职位相关的语句。

►解析：本题是细节题。文章开头提到，作为一家国有计算机企业新上任的销售总监，亚历克斯很期待与公司区域经理的首次会议，由此可知正确答案为A。

27. A) The support provided by the regular clients.

B) The initiative shown by the sales representatives.

C) The urgency of implementing the company's plans.

D) The important part played by district managers.

Q: What did Alex want to emphasize at the end of his presentation?

A）老客户提供的支持。

B）销售代表们表现出来的首创精神。

C）实施公司计划的紧迫性。

D）区域经理所发挥的重要作用。

问：亚历克斯在讲话最后想要强调什么？

►解题思路

①四项均为名词短语。

②三项中含有介词by，分别引导三个不同的身份（regular clients，sales representatives，district managers）。

结论：本题考查的内容很可能与客户、销售人员和公司有关，听音时应重点关注与之相关的信息。

►解析：本题也是细节题。文中提到，亚历克斯决定以讨论区域经理对于公司计划的重要性来结束会议，故选D。其他三项在文中均未提及，故排除。

28. A) Some of them were political-minded.

B) Fifty percent of them were female.

C) One third of them were senior managers.

D) Most of them were rather conservative.

Q: What do we learn about the audience at the meeting?

A）他们中的一些人有政治头脑。

B）他们中有50％是女性。

C）他们中有三分之一是高级经理。

D）他们中的大部分人都相当保守。

问：关于参加会议的听众，我们了解到了什么信息？

►解题思路

①四项中均含有them。

②四项均含有与数量相关的词（some of，fifty percent，one third，most of）。

结论：根据四项中的...of them可以判断，本题考查与them有关的情况，需根据关键词听出them的指代对象，再有针对性地作答。听音重点为some of、fifty percent、one third和most of。

►解析：本题依然是细节题。文中提到，该企业的区域经理中有一半是女性。B项是对原文的同义转述，故为正确答案。其他几项均不是文中提到的信息，故排除。

29. A) He used too many quotations.

B) He was not gender sensitive.

C) He did not keep to the point.

D) He spent too much time on details.

Q: Why did Alex fail to receive the warm response he had hoped for?

A）他用了太多引言。

B）他对性别不敏感。

C）他没有紧扣要点。

D）他在细节上花了太多时间。

问：为什么亚历克斯没有获得他所希望的热烈反响？

►解题思路

①四项的主语均为he。

②四项均是负面描述。

结论：本题考查的内容很可能是对he的负面评价，需要判断出he的指代对象，并集中精力听几个关键词（quotations，gender sensitive，to the point，details），找出相关答案信息。

►解析：本题是因果关系题。文中提到，亚历克斯的讲话得到了礼貌性的鼓掌，而不是他所期待的热烈的反响。接着又提到他在与一位高级经理的谈话中得知，参会的区域经理中有一半是女性，而他在讲话中一直使用he，这使她们感到震惊和沮丧。由此可知，亚历克斯没有得到期望中的热烈反响的原因是他忽视了对女性区域经理的关注，是他对性别的不敏感造成的，由此可知正确答案为B。

Passage Two

听力原文&译文

The way to complain is to act businesslike and important.［30］If your complaint is immediate, suppose you got the wrong order at a restaurant, make a polite but firm request to see the manager. When the manager comes, ask his or her name, and then state your problem and what you expect to have done about it. Be polite! Shouting or acting rude will get you nowhere. But also be firm in making your complaint. Besides, act important. This doesn't mean to put on airs and say"do you know who I am?" What it means is that people are often treated the way they expect to be treated. If you act like someone who expects a fair request to be granted, chances are it will be granted.［31］The worst way to complain is over the telephone. You are speaking to a voice coming from someone you cannot see, so you can't tell how the person on the line is reacting. It is easy for that person to give you the run-around. Complaining in person or by letter is generally more effective. If your complaint does not require an immediate response, it often helps to complain by letter.［32］If you have an appliance that doesn't work, send a letter to the store that sold it. Be businesslike and stick to the point. Don't spend a paragraph on how your uncle Joe tried to fix the problem and couldn't.

投诉的方式是要以事务性的态度做出反应，且表现出自己很重要。［30］如果你是即时投诉，比方说你在餐厅吃饭时菜上错了，应当礼貌却坚定地要求见经理。经理来时，你首先要询问他/她的名字，然后说明你遇到的问题以及你期望得到的解决办法。一定要有礼貌！大喊大叫或者粗鲁无礼都不会给你带来任何好处。但投诉之时态度也要坚决。除此之外，还要表现出自己很重要。这并不意味着你要摆起架子说：“你知道我是谁吗？”而是意味着其他人往往会按照我们期望被对待的方式来对待我们。如果你表现得像那种期望合理请求被满足的人，你的请求往往就会得到满足。［31］最糟糕的投诉方式是电话投诉。你是在与一个你没法看见的人的声音对话，所以你无法得知电话那头的人的反应。那个人很容易随便给你个借口。一般来说，亲自去投诉或写信投诉更有效。如果你的投诉不要求立即得到回复，那么写信经常会有帮助。［32］如果你买了一个不能用的电器，那就给卖这个电器的商店写封信。记得要以事务性的态度做出反应，并且紧扣主题。不要写一大段文字描述你的叔叔乔如何想要解决这个问题但是解决不了。

整体预测

快速浏览本部分所有选项，由其中的关键词head waiter、dishes、manager、your problem、complaint和demand a prompt response可大致推断，本文很可能与就餐和投诉有关，因此听音时需重点关注与之相关的内容。

30. A) State your problem to the head waiter.

B) Demand a discount on the dishes ordered.

C) Ask to see the manager politely but firmly.

D) Ask the name of the person waiting on you.

Q: What does the speaker suggest you do when you are not served properly at a restaurant?

A）向餐厅领班说明你的问题。

B）要求给所点的菜打折。

C）有礼貌地但态度坚决地要求见经理。

D）问为你服务的人的名字。

问：当你在餐厅没有得到恰当的服务时，说话者建议你做些什么？

►解题思路

①四项均为动词短语。

②三项含有与就餐相关的词（head waiter，dishes ordered，waiting on）。

③四项很可能是四个不同的建议或做法。

结论：本题很可能考查与就餐有关的内容，让考生判断在餐厅遇到问题时该怎么做。听音重点为state your problem、demand a discount、see the manager和ask the name。

►解析：本题是细节题。文章开头提到，如果在餐厅吃饭时上错了菜，你应该有礼貌地坚持要求见经理，故C为正确答案。A项偷换概念，把文中的manager替换成head waiter，来混淆考生的选择；D项将原文中询问经理的名字换成了询问服务员的名字；选项B的说法在文中没有提及。

31. A) Your problem may not be understood correctly.

B) You don't know if you are complaining at the right time.

C) Your complaint may not reach the person in charge.

D) You can't tell how the person on the line is reacting.

Q: Why does the speaker say the worst way to complain is over the telephone?

A）你的问题也许不能被正确理解。

B）你不知道你是否是在合适的时间进行投诉的。

C）你的投诉也许不会被负责人所知。

D）你不知道电话另一头的人怎样反应。

问：为什么说话者说最糟糕的投诉方式是电话投诉？

►解题思路

①两项中含有与投诉有关的词（problem，complaining，complaint）。

②四项均是否定句式。

结论：本题很可能考查投诉对你的负面影响。听音重点在understood、right time、reach和reacting上。

►解析：本题是因果关系题。文中提到，电话投诉是最糟糕的投诉方式，因为你只能通过声音与对方交流，看不见对方的反应，对方很容易随便找个借口应付你，因此D为正确答案。其余三项在文中均未提及，故排除。

32. A) Demand a prompt response.

B) Provide all the details.

C) Send it by express mail.

D) Stick to the point.

Q: What should you do if you make a complaint by letter?

A）要求立即回复。

B）提供全部细节。

C）以快件方式邮寄投诉信。

D）紧扣主题。

问：如果是写信投诉，你应该做些什么？

►解题思路

①四项均为动词短语。

②四个选项描述的是四种做事的建议或方法。

结论：根据选项关键词及选项特点判断，本题很可能是细节判断题，考查某种情况下需要怎么做。听音重点为prompt response、details、express mail和stick to the point。

►解析：本题是细节题。文章最后提到，在给商店写投诉信时，要讲究条理，紧扣主题，故D项正确。A项内容与文中意思正好相反；B项与文中说法不一致；C项说法文中未提及，故排除。

Passage Three

听力原文&译文

Barbara Sanders is a wife and the mother of two children, ages 2 and 4. Her husband, Tom, is an engineer and makes an excellent salary.［33］Before Barbara had children, she worked as an architect for the government, designing government housing. She quit her job when she became pregnant, but is now interested in returning to work. She's been offered an excellent job with the government. Her husband feels it's unnecessary for her to work since the family does not need the added income. He also thinks that a woman should stay home with her children.［34］If Barbara feels the need to do socially important work, he thinks that she should do volunteer work one or two days a week. Barbara, on the other hand, has missed the excitement of her profession and does not feel she would be satisfied doing volunteer work. She would also like to have her own income, so she does not have to ask her husband for money whenever she wants to buy something. She does not think it's necessary to stay home every day with the children and she knows a very reliable baby-sitter who's willing to come to her house.［35］Tom does not think a baby-sitter can replace a mother and thinks it's a bad idea for the children to spend so much time with someone who's not part of the family.

芭芭拉·桑德斯是一位妻子，也是两个年龄分别为两岁和四岁的孩子的母亲。她的丈夫汤姆是一名工程师，有很丰厚的薪水。［33］芭芭拉有孩子之前是一名为政府工作的建筑师，专门设计政府房屋。她怀孕后便辞了职，但是现在想返回到职场。政府已经为她提供了一份非常好的工作。她丈夫认为她没有必要去工作，因为家里不需要额外的收入。他还认为女人应该待在家里照顾孩子。［34］如果芭芭拉觉得需要做一些重要的社会工作的话，她丈夫认为芭芭拉应该每周做一两天志愿者工作。可是芭芭拉很怀念当建筑师时的兴奋之情，而且她不觉得自己会满足于做志愿者工作。她也想自己挣些钱，这样当她想买东西的时候就不用问丈夫要钱了。她认为没有必要每天都和孩子们待在家里，她认识一个很可靠的保姆，愿意来她家帮她照顾孩子。［35］汤姆不认为保姆能代替妈妈，而且他认为让孩子们大部分时间和一个非家庭成员待在一起是个很糟糕的主意。

整体预测

快速浏览本部分所有选项，由其中的关键词work、job、family's financial burden、baby-sitter、mother和children可大致推断，该文章很可能讲的是有了孩子的女性在工作上的变化或对于工作的考虑，或者是怎样照顾孩子以及给孩子请保姆的利与弊等，因此听音时需重点关注与之相关的内容。

33. A) Fashion designer.

B) Architect.

C) City planner.

D) Engineer.

Q: What was Barbara's profession before she had children?

A）时装设计师。

B）建筑师。

C）城市规划师。

D）工程师。

问：在有孩子之前，芭芭拉的职业是什么？

►解题思路

①两项为名词，两项为名词短语。

②四项分别是四种不同的职业。

结论：本题很可能考查某人的职业，听音重点为与这四种职业相关的内容。

►解析：本题是细节判断题。短文开头提到，芭芭拉在有孩子之前是一名建筑师，为政府工作，故B为正确答案。其他几项文中均未提及，故排除。

34.  A) Do some volunteer work.

B) Get a well-paid part-time job.

C) Work flexible hours.

D) Go back to her precious post.

Q: What does Barbara's husband suggest she do if she wants to work?

A）做一些志愿者工作。

B）找一份收入高的兼职工作。

C）做有弹性工作时间的工作。

D）返回到之前的工作岗位。

问：如果芭芭拉想要工作，她的丈夫建议她做什么？

►解题思路

①四项均为动词短语，可推测本题考查某一行为。

②四个选项谈论的内容均与工作有关（work，job，post）。

结论：本题考查的内容与工作有关，很可能是针对选择什么样的工作给出建议。

►解析：文中提到，芭芭拉的丈夫认为她应该待在家里照顾孩子，如果她觉得需要做一些重要的社会工作的话，应该每周做一两天的志愿者工作，由此可知A项正确。其他三项文中均未提及，故排除。

35. A) Few baby-sitters can be considered trustworthy.

B) It will add to the family's financial burden.

C) A baby-sitter is no replacement for a mother.

D) The children won't get along with a baby-sitter.

Q: What does Tom think about hiring a baby-sitter?

A）几乎没有保姆能被认为是可靠的。

B）它将会增加家庭的经济负担。

C）保姆无法代替母亲。

D）孩子们会和保姆相处得不好。

问：汤姆对雇用保姆有什么看法？

►解题思路

①三项中均出现了baby-sitter。

②三项为消极否定含义的句子。

③三项含有与家庭或孩子相关的词（family，mother，children）。

结论：本题考查的内容与保姆有关，很可能是雇用保姆对孩子或家庭的负面影响。听音重点为trustworthy、financial burden、replacement和get along with。

►解析：文章最后提到，芭芭拉的丈夫汤姆认为，保姆是不能代替母亲的，让孩子大部分时间和一个非家庭成员待在一起是个很糟糕的主意，故C为正确答案。

Section C

听力原文&译文

Almost every child, on the first day he sets foot in a school building, is smarter, more［36］curious, less afraid of what he doesn't know, better at finding and［37］figuring things out, more confident, resourceful (机敏的), persistent and［38］independent than he will ever be again in his schooling—or, unless he is very［39］unusual and very lucky, for the rest of his life. Already, by paying close attention to and［40］interacting with the world and people around him, and without any school-type［41］formal instruction, he has done a task far more difficult, complicated and［42］abstract than anything he will be asked to do in school, or than any of his teachers has done for years. He has solved the［43］mystery of language. He has discovered it—babies don't even know that language exists—and［44］he has found out how it works and learned to use it appropriately. He has done it by exploring, by experimenting, by developing his own model of the grammar of language,［45］by trying it out and seeing whether it works, by gradually changing it and refining it until it does work. And while he has been doing this, he has been learning other things as well,［46］including many of the concepts that the schools think only they can teach him, and many that are more complicated than the ones they do try to teach him.

几乎每个儿童在踏进学校的第一天都比他在之后的生活中接受学校教育时更聪明、更［36］有好奇心，对他所不知道的东西也不那么害怕，更善于发现及［37］理解事物，更自信、机敏、持之以恒与［38］独立；除非在今后的日子里他很［39］与众不同并且非常幸运。通过密切关注并［40］接触他周围的世界和人，在没有任何学校式的［41］正式教育下，他已经完成了一个任务，这个任务比他将要在学校里被要求做的任何事情或是他的老师已经做了多年的事情要更困难、更复杂，也更［42］抽象。他弄懂了语言的［43］神秘性。他发现了它，［44］找出了它的运作规律，并学会了合适地运用它，而婴儿们甚至都不知道语言的存在。他是通过探索、试验、开发自己的语言语法模式、［45］试验该模式是否有效，以及逐步对它进行改善直到它奏效而找到语言的运作规律的。而且，当他做这些的时候，他也学习了其他东西，［46］包括许多学校认为只有他们才能教给他的一些概念，和许多比学校试图教给他的更为复杂的概念。

Part IV　Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)

Section A

当想起环保建筑时，我们通常想到的是新建筑，即那种呈现在建筑杂志封面上的、使用了太阳能电池板的高科技杰作。但是，美国现有的住宅已过亿，如果把它们全部拆毁［48］代之以更环保的房子，那就［47］太浪费了。这些房子的建造已然耗费了大量的能源与资源，而且，要想用新节能房屋［49］节约的碳排放总量来弥补拆除旧房子耗费的资源，平均算来也需要65年。因此，从最广泛的［50］意义上来说，最环保的房子就是那些已经建好的房子。但与此同时，美国将近一半的碳排放量都产生于为家庭、办公场所和其他建筑进行供暖、制冷和［51］供电的过程中。国民信托有限公司的总裁理查德·莫说道：“如果不处理现有建筑的问题，就无法解决气候变化的问题。”

但是也有一些［52］例外，那些最老的住宅往往也是最不节能的。与2000年以后建造的房子相比，1939年以前建造的房子每平方英尺都要多消耗大约50％的能源，这主要是因为时间久了，住宅的小裂缝和空隙［53］扩大了，这使更多的室外空气进入了屋内。

幸运的是，对于古旧住宅，无论是具有［55］历史意义的林肯故居还是你自己的战后小屋，都可以通过［54］大量相对简单的修整，使之变得更加环保。而且能效的提高不仅能节省更多的土地资源，还能［56］防止房主的电费不断上涨。

47. G

语法判断：本句句子结构完整，空格前是be动词，后为形容词wasteful，故应填入副词。

语意判断：备选的两个副词中doubtfully表示怀疑态度，incredibly表示肯定态度，因此需要判断拆除这些房屋究竟是不是浪费。本句前后分句由and连接，是顺承关系。前一句强调房屋数量多，根据逻辑关系，应选incredibly，表示拆除这些房屋极其浪费。另外，后一句“建这些房子时耗费了大量能源和资源”也印证了应选G。

48. K

语法判断：这里是and连接的并列结构，所填词需与tear形式一致，故应填入动词原形。

语意判断：备选的动词原形有四个：expand, protect, replace, sense，其中可与with搭配的只有replace。这里表示“用更环保的房子替代这些老房子”。

49. J

语法判断：空格前为定冠词the，后为名词短语carbon emission from a new energy-efficient home，故此处应填入修饰名词短语的形容词或分词。

语意判断：备选的形容词或分词有clumsy（笨拙的）、historic（有历史意义的）、reduced（减少的）和vast（广阔的）。其中，只有reduced能够与后文的energy-efficient相呼应，符合句意。

50. L

语法判断：空格前为形容词broadest，故此处应填入名词。

语意判断：备选的名词有accommodations、exceptions和sense。其中，in...sense是固定搭配，in the broadest sense意为“在最广泛的意义上”，故选L。

51. H

语法判断：由空格前的and可知，空格处所填词与heating、cooling并列，因此应选择动词的动名词形式。

语意判断：在备选的动名词powering和supplying中，只有powering（供电）与heating（供暖）、cooling（制冷）意义相对应，都属于能量消耗，故选H。

52. D

语法判断：空格处所在的介宾短语中缺少宾语，故此处应填入名词。

语意判断：备选的名词还有accommodations（住宿）和exceptions（例外）。根据下文“最老的房子往往也是最不节能的”可知，此处应填exceptions，表示“也有一些例外”。

53. E

语法判断：分析句子可知，空格处所在的短语与and后的动词短语let in more outside air并列，因此此处应填入与let形式相同的动词原形。

语意判断：备选的动词原形还有expand和protect。根据后文“更多的室外空气进入”可知，此处的缝隙是扩大了，故选E。

54. O

语法判断：空格前为a，后为number，可知此处应填入形容词修饰number。

语意判断：在备选的形容词clumsy、historic和vast中，只有vast可以与a...number构成固定搭配，表示“大量的”，故选O。

55. F

语法判断：空格前为from，后为名词短语ones like Lincoln's Cottage，可知此处需填入形容词修饰ones。

语意判断：在备选的形容词clumsy和historic中，用historic修饰林肯故居这样的房子才是恰当的，故选F。

56. I

语法判断：空格处所在的短语是help do sth.，故此处应填入动词原形。

语意判断：备选的动词原形只剩下protect了。protect...from...为固定搭配，意为“保护……不受……”，故本题选I。

Section B

Passage One

［57］你从未见过它们，但每次乘飞机时，它们都和你在一起。它们记录了你要去哪里、你的飞行速度，以及飞机上的一切是否运转正常。几乎能承受任何灾难的能力使它们就像是来自漫画书里的东西。人们称其为黑匣子。

［58］像2009年6月30日一架也门客机在飞往印度洋科摩罗群岛的途中坠落时那样，飞机坠毁时黑匣子是找到故障出在何处的最好方法。因此，当一艘法国潜水艇在5天后探测到黑匣子发出的导航信号时，这一发现标志着人们在查明这场导致152名乘客丧生的惨剧的成因方面有了重大进展。

1958年，澳大利亚科学家戴维·沃伦研发出了一种飞行记忆记录设备，它能跟踪飞行海拔和方向等基本信息。这就是黑匣子的最初模型，到1960年，它已成为所有美国商务航班上必不可少的设备。［59］但是，早期的型号往往无法经受冲撞，因此在1965年，黑匣子被彻底重新设计，并从最初的起落架舱被移到了飞机的尾部——这一区域最不易遭受冲撞。同年，［60］美国联邦航空管理局要求将实际上从来都不是黑色的黑匣子漆成橙色或黄色，使它更容易被看见。

现代的飞机上有两个黑匣子：一台声音记录器，用来跟踪飞行员的对话；一台飞行数据记录器，监控燃料水平、引擎噪音及其他运作功能，以帮助调查人员还原飞机临失事前的情景。黑匣子放在一个与外部隔绝的箱子内，四周是1/4英寸厚的不锈钢镶板，可以承受巨大的冲击力以及高达华氏2000度的高温。当黑匣子掉入水中时，它们能从2万英尺深的水底发出信号。专家们认为，［61］2009年6月1日坠入巴西附近海域的法航447航班上的黑匣子在水中的位置就接近这一深度，但统计资料显示它们仍有可能被找到。在过去30年大约20架坠入深海的飞机中，仅有一架飞机的黑匣子没有找到。

【说明文：黑匣子】

第1段：引入说明对象——黑匣子，简单介绍其用途。

第2段：黑匣子的作用——有助于调查空难原因。举例说明：也门空难。

第3段：按时间顺序介绍黑匣子的发明及完善过程。

第4段：介绍黑匣子的现代应用，包括数量和功能、特殊构造及其优势，以及回收情况。

57. What does the author say about the black box?

A) It ensures the normal functioning of an airplane.

B) The idea for its design comes from a comic book.

C) Its ability to ward off disasters is incredible.

D) It is an indispensable device on an airplane.

关于黑匣子，作者说了什么？

A）它能确保飞机的正常运作。

B）它的设计灵感来自于一本漫画书。

C）它防止灾难发生的能力令人难以置信。

D）它是飞机上必不可少的设备。

►定位：本题考查有关黑匣子的细节描述。黑匣子是本文的主题，虽然很难界定本题的出题范围，但根据出题顺序与文章顺序基本一致的原则，答案应在文章前部。

►解析：文章首句与选项D构成同义替换，“你……每次乘飞机时，它们（黑匣子）都和你在一起”即表示黑匣子是飞机上不可或缺的设备。A项对应文章第二句，黑匣子的功能是记录（record）飞机的状况是否正常，而不是保证（ensure）飞机正常飞行。B项对应第一段最后两句，文中提到comic book是为了强调黑匣子承受撞击的能力，而不是讲其来源。C项也对应第一段最后两句，黑匣子可以承受（withstand）撞击，但是不能防止（ward off）撞击，C选项在考查信息定位的同时，还考查了对ward off这一词组的掌握。

58. What information could be found from the black box on the Yemeni airliner?

A) Data for analyzing the cause of the crash.

B) The total number of passengers on board.

C) The scene of the crash and extent of the damage.

D) Homing signals sent by the pilot before the crash.

我们可以从也门客机上的黑匣子发现什么信息？

A）用来分析失事原因的数据。

B）飞机上乘客的总数。

C）失事场面和破坏程度。

D）失事前飞行员发出的导航信号。

►定位：根据题干中的Yemeni airliner将答案定位到文章第二段第一句话。

►解析：本题问的是，通过也门客机上的黑匣子可以知道什么信息。原文第二段第一句话指出，像一架也门客机坠毁时那样，黑匣子是找到故障出在何处的最好方法。A项中的analyzing the cause of the crash与原文中的identifying what went wrong是同义转述，故正确。

59. Why was the black box redesigned in 1965?

A) New materials became available by that time.

B) Too much space was needed for its installation.

C) The early models often got damaged in the crash.

D) The early models didn't provide the needed data.

为什么黑匣子在1965年被重新设计？

A）那时有了新材料。

B）安装它需要太多空间。

C）早期的型号常在撞击中受损。

D）早期的型号未能提供需要的数据。

►定位：根据题干中的in 1965将答案定位到文章第三段第三句话。

►解析：本题问的是为什么黑匣子被重新设计了，这是一道原因题。解答这类问题，考生要找到定位点前后的because，so，therefore，as a result等词，这些词前后的句子是解题的关键。原文中so前面的句子给出了问题的答案，“但是，早期的型号往往无法经受冲撞，因此在1965年，黑匣子被彻底重新设计”，故本题选C。

60. Why did the Federal Aviation Authority require the black boxes be painted orange or yellow?

A) To distinguish them from the color of the plane.

B) To caution people to handle them with care.

C) To make them easily identifiable.

D) To conform to international standards.

为什么美国联邦航空局要求把黑匣子漆成橙色或黄色？

A）为了把它们同飞机的颜色区别开来。

B）为了告诫人们小心操作。

C）为了使它们容易辨认。

D）为了符合国际标准。

►定位：根据题干中的Federal Aviation Authority将答案定位到文章第三段最后一句话。

►解析：本题问的是为什么将黑匣子漆成橙色或黄色，这也是一道原因题。但是，此处定位句前后并没有引导原因或者结果从句的连词，这时候考生要特别注意定位句中是否有to、in order to或so as to等引导的目的状语，通常目的状语就是解题的关键。本题中的“to aid visibility”就是答案所在。其中visibility意为“可见性”，也就是说，将黑匣子漆成橙色或黄色是为了让它们更容易辨认，故选C。其他三项文中均未提及，故排除。

61. What do we know about the black boxes from Air France Flight 447?

A) There is still a good chance of their being recovered.

B) There is an urgent need for them to be restructured.

C) They have stopped sending homing signals.

D) They were destroyed somewhere near Brazil.

关于法航447航班的黑匣子，我们了解了什么？

A）它们被找到的机会仍然很大。

B）它们迫切需要被重新设计。

C）它们已经停止发送导航信号了。

D）它们在巴西附近某区域被毁坏了。

►定位：根据题干中的Air France Flight 447将答案定位到文章最后一段倒数第二句话。

►解析：本题问的是关于法航447航班的黑匣子我们知道什么，这是一道细节题。文章最后一段倒数第二句话指出“法航447航班上的黑匣子在水中的位置就接近这一深度（2万英尺），但统计资料显示它们仍有可能被找到”，故A项正确。B项和C项文中并未提到。文中只说法航447航班在巴西附近坠毁，但并没有说黑匣子已经毁坏，故D项错误。

Passage Two

［62］产值110亿美元的自助产业以这样一种理念为基础：你应当把“我什么事情都做不好”这类消极的想法转变成“我能成功”这类积极的想法。但是积极思考的鼓吹者诺曼·文森特·皮尔是正确的吗？积极思考真的有力量吗？

［63］加拿大的研究员们刚刚在学术期刊《心理科学》上发表的一篇研究报告指出，试图让人们更加积极地思考实际上会适得其反：这样做只会更加凸显他们有多么不快乐。

该研究报告的作者——滑铁卢大学的乔安妮·伍德和约翰·李以及新布伦瑞克大学的伊莱恩·佩鲁诺维奇——用了以前的研究作为报告的开头，他们指出，当人们得到他们认为过于积极的反馈信息时，他们实际上会感觉更糟，而不是更好。［64］如果你对一个比较迟钝的朋友说他有成为爱因斯坦的潜质，你恰恰是在强调他的缺点。在20世纪90年代的一个实验中，由包括普林斯顿大学心理学家乔尔·库珀在内的一些人组成的研究小组要求参与者写文章来反对为残疾人提供资金。之后当研究人员称赞这些参与者有同情心时，他们对自己写的文章感觉甚至更糟。

在这个实验中，伍德、李和佩鲁诺维奇测试了68名学生的自尊心。参与者被要求写下他们在四分钟内的想法和感觉。每15秒钟，有一组学生会听到一次铃声。当铃声响起时，他们就要告诉自己“我很可爱”。

［65］在被迫进行自我肯定后，那些自尊心不强的学生并没有感觉更好。事实上，与那些对照组中没有被敦促要积极思考的学生相比，他们的情绪变得低落得多。

这个研究报告支持了形式更加新颖的心理疗法，这些新疗法鼓励人们接受自己的消极思想和感受，而不是与其抗争。因为与其抗争我们往往不仅会失败，而且会把事情弄得更糟。相反，［66］静思法能够教人们从更广、更现实的角度去认识自己的缺点。这便是消极思想的力量。

【议论文：积极思考是否有效】

第1段：提出问题——积极思考是否有效。

第2～5段：论点——鼓励人们积极思考会适得其反。论据：通过一项实验研究来证明论点。

第6段：建议人们用静思法接受自己的不足之处。

62. What do we learn from the first paragraph about the self-help industry?

A) It is a highly profitable industry.

B) It is based on the concept of positive thinking.

C) It was established by Norman Vincent Peale.

D) It has yielded positive results.

我们从第一段中了解了有关自助产业的什么信息？

A）它是一个利润很高的产业。

B）它是以积极思考的理念为基础的。

C）它由诺曼·文森特·皮尔建立。

D）它产生了积极的效果。

►定位：根据题干中的the first paragraph将答案定位到第一段。

►解析：本题问的是从第一段中我们能知道有关自助产业的哪些信息，这是一道细节题。文章第一句话指出，产值110亿美元的自助产业是以将消极思想转变成积极思想的理念为基础的，故B项正确。文中提到自助产业产值110亿美元，但并没有说它是个利润丰厚的产业，故A项错误；文中只提到诺曼·文森特·皮尔是积极思考的鼓吹者，并未提及自助产业的创建者是谁，故可排除C项；D项文中也未提及。

63. What is the finding of the Canadian researchers?

A) Encouraging positive thinking may do more harm than good.

B) There can be no simple therapy for psychological problems.

C) Unhappy people cannot think positively.

D) The power of positive thinking is limited.

加拿大研究者们的发现是什么？

A）鼓励积极思考的坏处可能大于好处。

B）没有解决心理问题的简单疗法。

C）不快乐的人不能够积极思考。

D）积极思考的力量是有限的。

►定位：根据题干中的Canadian researchers将答案定位到第二段。

►解析：本题问的是加拿大研究员们有什么发现，这也是一道细节题。文章第二段指出，加拿大研究员们发表的一篇研究报告指出，试图让人们更加积极地思考实际上会适得其反：这样做只会更加凸显他们有多么不快乐，由此可见他们的研究发现积极思考弊大于利，故A项正确。其他几项均不是加拿大研究员们的发现，故排除。

64. What does the author mean by "...you're just underlining his faults" (Line 4, Para. 3)?

A) You are not taking his mistakes seriously enough.

B) You are pointing out the errors he has committed.

C) You are emphasizing the fact that he is not intelligent.

D) You are trying to make him feel better about his faults.

作者说“……你其实是在强调他的缺点”（第三段第四行），这句话的意思是什么？

A）你没有足够认真地对待他的错误。

B）你在指出他犯的错误。

C）你在强调他不聪明的事实。

D）你在努力使他对自己的过错感到好受些。

►定位：题干中已给出定位信息“第三段第四行”。

►解析：本题问的是文中一句话的意思。回答此类问题时，一般要根据上下文来进行推测。这句话是条件状语从句的主句，整句话的意思是“如果你对一个比较迟钝的朋友说他有成为爱因斯坦的潜质，你恰恰是在强调他的缺点。”从这句话可以看出，强调这个朋友的缺点就是强调朋友不聪明的事实，故C正确。

65. What do we learn from the experiment of Wood, Lee and Perunovic?

A) It is important for people to continually boost their self-esteem.

B) Self-affirmation can bring a positive change to one's mood.

C) Forcing a person to think positive thoughts may lower their self-esteem.

D) People with low self-esteem seldom write down their true feelings.

我们从伍德、李和佩鲁诺维奇的实验中了解到了什么？

A）不断增强自己的自尊心对人们来说很重要。

B）自我肯定可以积极改变人们的心情。

C）强迫一个人积极思考也许会削弱其自尊心。

D）自尊心弱的人很少写下他们的真实感受。

►定位：根据题干中的Wood, Lee and Perunovic将答案定位到第四、五段。

►解析：文章第四、五段指出，伍德、李和佩鲁诺维奇测试了68名学生的自尊心。结果表明在自我肯定之后，自尊心不强的学生并没有感觉更好；与那些没有被要求积极思考的人相比，他们的情绪更加低落，因此C项“强迫一个人积极思考也许会削弱其自尊心”正确。

66. What do we learn from the last paragraph?

A) The effects of positive thinking vary from person to person.

B) Meditation may prove to be a good form of psychotherapy.

C) Different people tend to have different ways of thinking.

D) People can avoid making mistakes through meditation.

我们从最后一段能得知什么？

A）积极思考的作用因人而异。

B）静思也许会被证明是心理治疗的一个好方法。

C）思维方式往往因人而异。

D）人们能通过静思避免犯错。

►定位：根据题干中的the last paragraph将答案定位到最后一段。

►解析：文章最后一段指出，新的心理疗法让人们接受消极的思想和感受；静思可以使人们从更广、更现实的角度去认识自己的缺点。由此可见静思或许是心理治疗的一个好方法，故B正确。A、C两项文中均未提及。D项表述不准确，文中只说静思会让人们认识到缺点，并没有提到静思会让人们避免犯错。

Part V　Cloze

电子商务是指所有在网上进行的商业交易活动，包括消费者以及企业与企业之间的交易活动。从概念上来说，电子商务与众所周知的商业行为如电话银行业务、邮件订购目录，或是通过传真给供应商发订货单等没有什么不同。电子商务沿用了与其他商业交易活动所使用的一样的模式，差别仅在细节之处。

对于消费者来说，最常见的电子商务形式就是在线订购。消费者从可能购买的商品目录开始，选择一件商品，确定付款方式，然后提交订单。电子商务设置的不是实物目录，而是在网上能看到的商品目录。电子商务设置的不是书面或电话订单，而是电脑网络订单。最后，电子商务不是得邮寄像支票这样的纸质支付证明，而是允许人们以电子的方式来发送付款信息。

在1993年后的十年中，电子商务从不重要的新奇事物发展成了当代商务主流。1993年，几乎没有公司拥有网页，只有少数公司允许客户在线订购产品或服务。十年后，不论大公司还是小公司都有公司网页，而且大部分都给用户提供网上订购服务的机会。此外，很多银行也增加了在线服务，并且网上银行和网上账单支付变得很普遍。更重要的是，1997年以后，网络商品和服务的价值得到了极大的增长。

第1段：介绍了什么是电子商务，并将其与其他商业交易活动进行对比。

第2段：介绍了电子商务的特点。

第3段：介绍了电子商务在十年间的发展历程。

67. C

语境分析：本空位于文章首段第二句。第一句介绍术语“e-commerce（电子商务）”的定义。第二句从概念上将电子商务与其他已经广为人知的商务服务（如电话银行等）作比较。第三句中的follows the same model提示我们，答案应该是not differ from，即电子商务与其他众所周知的商业行为没什么不同。

词义分析：四个选项都可以与from连用。distract from“使分心”；descend from“起源于，是……的后裔”；differ from“不同于”；derive from“来自，起源于”。

68. B

语境分析：本空前面的such as提示我们其后的内容是在举例说明其他广为人知的商务服务，即电话银行业务、邮箱订阅目录以及通过传真的方式发给供货商订货单。

词义分析：四个选项中只有via可以和fax搭配表示“通过传真的方式”，故选B。with“和”；from“从”；off“离开”。

69. B

语境分析：本空位于文章首段第三句。第二句说的是从概念上来说电子商务与其他商务服务形式没有区别，第三句顺接着指出“电子商务沿用了与其他商业交易活动所______的一样的模式”，结合选项和句意可知，只有used合适。

词义分析：appear“出现”；use“使用”；resort“求助；诉诸”；serve“服务于”。

70. B

语境分析：本空所在句子的前半句指出电子商务沿用了其他商务交易方式所使用的模式，后半句出现了the difference和details，提示我们这里想表达电子商务与其他商务交易方式的区别在于细节。

词义分析：situate意为“处于”，通常用于被动语态。其他三项都能与in连用，root in意为“根源于”，lie in意为“位于，存在于”，locate in意为“坐落于”。因此，只有B项符合题意。

71. B

语境分析：本空位于文章第二段的首句。首段叙述了电子商务的定义并与其他商业交易形式作了比较，第二段顺接首段，说明了电子商务的特点。其中首句讲述的是消费者使用的最常见的电子商务形式——网上订购。

词义分析：此句考查的是consist的固定搭配。在四个选项中，consist只能与of搭配，表示“由……组成或构成”，故B项正确。consist还能与in搭配，表示“存在于……之中”。

72. D

语境分析：本空位于第二段的第二句。第二段首句指出消费者使用电子商务最常见的形式是网上订购，第二句接着谈论顾客进行网上订购的流程，即查看可能购买的商品目录，然后______商品，再确定付款方式等。因此，只有D项（selects）符合题意，表示“挑选一件商品”。

词义分析：reflect“反映”；protect“保护”；detect“觉察，发现”；select“选择”。

73. A

语境分析：本空仍然位于第二句，说的是顾客网上订购流程的最后一步——______订单。根据题意，只有sends in符合上下文，表示“提交订单”。

词义分析：send in“提交”；put out“熄灭；生产”；stand for“代表”；carry away“运走”。

74. A

语境分析：本空位于文章第二段的第三句。第三句开头就出现了表示对比关系的线索词instead of，因此可知该句是将网上购物与实体商店购物进行对比，指出电子商务的特点之一，即“电子商务设置的目录不是实物目录，而是在网上能______的商品目录”。由常识可知，网上购物时产品目录都是以实物照片的形式呈现的，即是“可以看得见的”目录，故四个选项中只有visible符合句意。

词义分析：visible“看得见的”；feasible“可行的”；responsible“负责任的”；sensible“可察觉的；明智的”。

75. B

语境分析：本空位于文章第二段的第四句。由第四句开头的instead of sending an order on paper or by telephone可知，这里在讨论电子商务中提交订单的方式。后半句的意思是“电子商务______网络来下订单”，根据句意及选项可知该处缺少一个表示方式的词，四个选项中只有over最为合适。

词义分析：beside“在……旁边”；beyond“在……之外”；over“通过；经由”；up“在……上方”。

76. D

语境分析：本空位于文章第二段的末句。该句讨论的是电子商务的付款方式，前半句instead of sending a paper representation of payment such as a check表明，电子商务不是使用支票等纸质支付证明来付款，因此可知后半句要表达的意思是“电子商务______人们以电子的方式来发送付款信息”，四项中只有allow最为合适。

词义分析：appeal“恳求；呼吁”；admit“承认；允许进入某处”；advocate“倡议，倡导”；allow“准许”。

77. A

语境分析：本空位于第三段的首句。从下文可以看出，本段是将1993年与之后十年的电子商务发展情况作对比。首句是本段的主题句，意思是“在1993年______的十年（decade）间，电子商务从______的新奇事物发展成了商务主流”，四个选项中只有after符合句意。

词义分析：after“在……之后”；behind“在……后边”；until“直到……”；toward“朝”。

78. D

语境分析：本空仍位于第三段的首句。由上一题的分析可知，“______的新奇事物”与“商务主流（mainstream business influence）”应形成对比关系，以表明十年间电子商务的发展历程。四个词中只有insignificant最为合适。

词义分析：optional“可选择的；随意的”；invalid“无效的”；occasional“偶然的”；insignificant“不重要的”。

79. C

语境分析：本空位于第三段的第二句。本句讲述的是1993年电子商务不发达的状况，而后一句讲述的是十年后电子商务的情况。由后一句的large and small businesses（大大小小的企业）可以推知，该空应该填入与其构成同义复现的词，因而正确选项是C。

词义分析：community“社区”；corps“军团”；corporation“公司”；compound“混合物”。

80. D

语境分析：本空仍位于第三段的第二句中。此空所在的分句陈述的仍是1993年电子商务不发达的状况。第二句的前半句说没几家公司有自己的网页，因此可以推测此处所表达的应是只有少数公司能让顾客在网上订货或预订服务，故正确选项为D。

词义分析：largely“大部分地；主要地”；slightly“轻微地”；solely“单独地，独自地”；only“只有”。

81. B

语境分析：本空位于第三段的第三句。由上下文可知，这里要表达“十年之后”的意思，四项中只有B项能与ten years搭配连用。

词义分析：lately“近来，最近”；later“之后，以后”；late“晚的；迟到的”；latter“后者（的）；较后的”。

82. D

语境分析：本空仍位于第三段的第三句。该空所在分句与第二句的最后一个分句构成对比，表示大多数公司的网页都为用户提供了下订单的机会，因而可以排除B、C。

词义分析：A、D两项中，offer表示“提供”时不与with连用，而是采用“offer sb. sth.”的结构；provide可与with连用，具体结构为“provide sb. with sth.”，表示“给某人提供某物”，故A项排除，D项正确。convince意为“说服”，不与with搭配；equip...with...意为“用……装备……”。

83. D

语境分析：本空位于第三段的第四句。由空格后面的“many banks added online access（很多银行增加了在线服务）”可知，这里在上一句的基础上，进一步叙述了十年后电子商务的迅猛发展状况。因此，四项中只有D项最符合句意。

词义分析：instead“代替，反而”；nevertheless“然而，不过”；however“但是”；besides“此外，而且”。

84. A

语境分析：本空仍位于第三段的第四句。本句中的第一个分句说“很多银行增加了在线服务”，而第二个分句说“网上银行和网上支付变得______”。可见两个分句是并列的关系，故正确选项为and。

词义分析：and“和”，表示并列关系；but“但是”，表示转折关系；or“或者”，表示选择关系；though“尽管，虽然”，表示让步关系。

85. C

语境分析：本空仍然位于第三段的第四句。由上面两题的分析可知，该句描述的是银行在电子商务方面的迅速发展，根据题意并结合选项可知，只有widespread符合句意，表示“网上银行和网上支付变得很普遍”。

词义分析：different“不同的”；flexible“灵活的，多变的”；widespread“普遍的，分布广泛的”；productive“多产的”。

86. A

语境分析：本空位于第三段的末句。由于末句已有谓语grew，因而“______over the Internet”应是非谓语结构，修饰其前面的“the value of goods and services”。根据句意，这里的正确答案应为A，表示通过网络所获得的商品和服务的价值。

词义分析：acquire“获得”；adapt“使适应”；practice“操作；练习”；proceed“继续进行，接着做”。

Part VI　Translation

87. (in) focusing / (in) concentrating on the experiment

【考查点】词汇：experiment

短语：have difficulty (in) sth. / doing sth., focus / concentrate on sth.

【随学随练】We found that he had difficulty ______ (集中注意力在一件事情上) for longer than five minutes.

88. did she ever lose her temper / blow up

【考查点】短语：lose one's temper / blow up

句型：部分倒装句

【随学随练】Our teacher never blamed us for our mistakes; neither ______ (她也从来没有发过脾气).

89. being invited to attend / participate in / take part in the opening ceremony

【考查点】词汇：attend, ceremony

短语：be invited to do sth., participate in, take part in.

【随学随练】We are all looking forward to ______ (被邀请出席毕业典礼).

90. (should) be installed next to / by the window / (should) be fixed beside the window

【考查点】词汇：install / fix

短语：next to

句型：it is suggested that＋主语＋（should）＋动词原形

【随学随练】It is suggested that the new shopping mall ______ (要建在这幢摩天大楼的旁边).

91. her parents' strong objection / opposition

【考查点】词汇：objection / opposition

短语：despite＋名词

【随学随练】Are you determined to get married with her despite ______ (你父母的强烈反对)?

大学英语四级考试

2010年12月真题

COLLEGE ENGLISH TEST

— Band Four —

试　题　册

注意事项

一、将自己的校名、姓名、准考证号写在答题卡1和答题卡2上。将本试卷代号划在答题卡2上。

二、试卷册、答题卡1和答题卡2均不得带出考场。考试结束，监考员收卷后考生才可离开。

三、仔细读懂题目的说明。

四、在30分钟内做完答题卡1上的作文题。30分钟后，考生按指令启封试题册，在接着的15分钟内完成快速阅读理解部分的试题。然后监考员收取答题卡1，考生在答题卡2上完成其余部分的试题。全部答题时间为125分钟，不得拖延时间。

五、考生必须在答题卡上作答，凡是写在试题册上的答案一律无效。

六、多项选择题每题只能选一个答案；如多选，则该题无分。选定答案后，用HB-2B浓度的铅笔在相应字母的中部划一条横线。

正确方法是：［A］［C］［D］。

使用其他符号答题者不给分。划线要有一定的粗度，浓度要盖过字母底色。

七、如果要改动答案，必须先用橡皮擦净原来选定的答案，然后再按规定重新答题。

八、在考试过程中要注意对自己的答案保密。若被他人抄袭，一经发现，后果自负。

Part I　Writing　(30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled How Should Parents Help Children to Be Independent? You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below.

1．目前不少父母为孩子包办一切

2．为了让孩子独立，父母应该……

How Should Parents Help Children to Be Independent?

Part II　Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)　(15 minutes)

Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.

A Grassroots Remedy

Most of us spend our lives seeking the natural world. To this end, we walk the dog, play golf, go fishing, sit in the garden, drink outside rather than inside the pub, have a picnic, live in the suburbs, go to the seaside, buy a weekend place in the country. The most popular leisure activity in Britain is going for a walk. And when joggers (慢跑者) jog, they don't run the streets. Every one of them instinctively heads to the park or the river. It is my profound belief that not only do we all need nature, but we all seek nature, whether we know we are doing so or not.

But despite this, our children are growing up nature-deprived (丧失). I spent my boyhood climbing trees on Streatham Common, South London. These days, children are robbed of these ancient freedoms, due to problems like crime, traffic, the loss of the open spaces and odd new perceptions about what is best for children, that is to say, things that can be bought, rather than things that can be found.

The truth is to be found elsewhere. A study in the US: families had moved to better housing and the children were assessed for ADHD—attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (多动症). Those whose accommodation had more natural views showed an improvement of 19%; those who had the same improvement in material surroundings but no nice view improved just 4%.

A study in Sweden indicated that kindergarten children who could play in a natural environment had less illness and greater physical ability than children used only to a normal playground. A US study suggested that when a school gave children access to a natural environment, academic levels were raised across the entire school.

Another study found that children play differently in a natural environment. In playgrounds, children create a hierarchy (等级) based on physical abilities, with the tough ones taking the lead. But when a grassy area was planted with bushes, the children got much more into fantasy play, and the social hierarchy was now based on imagination and creativity.

Most bullying (恃强凌弱) is found in schools where there is a tarmac (柏油碎石) playground; the least bullying is in a natural area that the children are encouraged to explore. This reminds me unpleasantly of Sunnyhill School in Streatham, with its harsh tarmac, where I used to hang about in corners fantasising about wildlife.

But children are frequently discouraged from involvement with natural spaces, for health and safety reasons, for fear that they might get dirty or that they might cause damage. So, instead, the damage is done to the children themselves: not to their bodies but to their souls.

One of the great problems of modern childhood is ADHD, now increasingly and expensively treated with drugs. Yet one study after another indicates that contact with nature gives huge benefits to ADHD children. However, we spend money on drugs rather than on green places.

The life of old people is measurably better when they have access to nature. The increasing emphasis for the growing population of old people is in quality rather than quantity of years. And study after study finds that a garden is the single most important thing in finding that quality.

In wider and more difficult areas of life, there is evidence to indicate that natural surroundings improve all kinds of things. Even problems with crime and aggressive behaviour are reduced when there is contact with the natural world.

Dr William Bird, researcher from the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, states in his study, "A natural environment can reduce violent behaviour because its restorative process helps reduce anger and impulsive behaviour." Wild places need encouraging for this reason, no matter how small their contribution.

We tend to look on nature conservation as some kind of favour that human beings are granting to the natural world. The error here is far too deep: not only do humans need nature for themselves, but the very idea that humanity and the natural world are separable things is profoundly damaging.

Human beings are a species of mammals (哺乳动物). For seven million years they lived on the planet as part of nature. Our ancestral selves miss the natural world and long for contact with non-human life. Anyone who has patted a dog, stroked a cat, sat under a tree with a pint of beer, given or received a bunch of flowers or chosen to walk through the park on a nice day, understands that.

We need the wild world. It is essential to our well-being, our health, our happiness. Without the wild world we are not more but less civilised. Without other living things around us we are less than human.

Five ways to find harmony with the natural world

Walk: Break the rhythm of permanently being under a roof. Get off a stop earlier, make a circuit of the park at lunchtime, walk the child to and from school, get a dog, feel yourself moving in moving air, look, listen, absorb.

Sit: Take a moment, every now and then, to be still in an open space. In the garden, anywhere that's not in the office, anywhere out of the house, away from the routine. Sit under a tree, look at water, feel refreshed, ever so slightly renewed.

Drink: The best way to enjoy the natural world is by yourself; the second best way is in company. Take a drink outside with a good person, a good gathering: talk with the sun and the wind with birdsong for background.

Learn: Expand your boundaries. Learn five species of bird, five butterflies, five trees, five bird songs. That way, you see and hear more: and your mind responds gratefully to the greater amount of wildness in your life.

Travel: The places you always wanted to visit: by the seaside, in the country, in the hills. Take a weekend break, a day-trip, get out there and do it: for the scenery, for the way through the woods, for the birds, for the bees. Go somewhere special and bring specialness home. It lasts forever, after all.

1. What is the author's profound belief?

A) People instinctively seek nature in different ways.

B) People should spend most of their lives in the wild.

C) People have quite different perceptions of nature.

D) People must make more efforts to study nature.

2. What does the author say people prefer for their children nowadays?

A) Personal freedom.

B) Things that are natural.

C) Urban surroundings.

D) Things that are purchased.

3. What does a study in Sweden show?

A) The natural environment can help children learn better.

B) More access to nature makes children less likely to fall ill.

C) A good playground helps kids develop their physical abilities.

D) Natural views can prevent children from developing ADHD.

4. Children who have chances to explore natural areas ________.

A) tend to develop a strong love for science

B) are more likely to fantasise about wildlife

C) tend to be physically tougher in adulthood

D) are less likely to be involved in bullying

5. What does the author suggest we do to help children with ADHD?

A) Find more effective drugs for them.

B) Provide more green spaces for them.

C) Place them under more personal care.

D) Engage them in more meaningful activities.

6. In what way do elderly people benefit from their contact with nature?

A) They look on life optimistically.

B) They enjoy a life of better quality.

C) They are able to live longer.

D) They become good-humoured.

7. Dr William Bird suggests in his study that ________.

A) humanity and nature are complementary to each other

B) wild places may induce impulsive behaviour in people

C) access to nature contributes to the reduction of violence

D) it takes a long time to restore nature once damaged

8. It is extremely harmful to think that humanity and the natural world can be _________________________.

9. The author believes that we would not be so civilised without _________________________.

10. The five suggestions the author gives at the end of the passage are meant to encourage people to seek _________________ with the natural world.

Part III　Listening Comprehension　(35 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

11. A) The man should visit the museums.

B) She can't stand the hot weather.

C) The beach resort is a good choice.

D) She enjoys staying in Washington.

12. A) Her new responsibilities in the company.

B) What her job prospects are.

C) What the customers' feedback is.

D) The director's opinion of her work.

13. A) Combine her training with dieting.

B) Repeat the training every three days.

C) Avoid excessive physical training.

D) Include weightlifting in the program.

14. A) When she will return home.

B) Whether she can go by herself.

C) Whether she can travel by air.

D) When she will completely recover.

15. A) The woman knows how to deal with the police.

B) The woman had been fined many times before.

C) The woman had violated traffic regulations.

D) The woman is good at finding excuses.

16. A) Switch off the refrigerator for a while.

B) Have someone repair the refrigerator.

C) Ask the man to fix the refrigerator.

D) Buy a refrigerator of better quality.

17. A) He owns a piece of land in the downtown area.

B) He has got enough money to buy a house.

C) He can finally do what he has dreamed of.

D) He is moving into a bigger apartment.

18. A) She is black and blue all over.

B) She has to go to see a doctor.

C) She stayed away from work for a few days.

D) She got hurt in an accident yesterday.

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

19. A) She was a bank manager.

B) She was a victim of the robbery.

C) She was a defence lawyer.

D) She was a witness to the crime.

20. A) A tall man with dark hair and a moustache.

B) A youth with a distinguishing mark on his face.

C) A thirty-year-old guy wearing a light sweater.

D) A medium-sized young man carrying a gun.

21. A) Identify the suspect from pictures.

B) Go upstairs to sign some document.

C) Have her photo taken for their files.

D) Verify the record of what she had said.

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

22. A) By reading a newspaper ad.

B) By seeing a commercial on TV.

C) By listening to the morning news.

D) By calling an employment service.

23. A) She could improve her foreign languages.

B) She could work close to her family.

C) She could travel overseas frequently.

D) She could use her previous experiences.

24. A) Taking management courses.

B) Teaching English at a university.

C) Working as a secretary.

D) Studying for a degree in French.

25. A) Prepare for an interview in a couple of days.

B) Read the advertisement again for more details.

C) Send in a written application as soon as possible.

D) Get to know the candidates on the short list.

Section B

Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.

26. A) They cannot see the firefighters because of the smoke.

B) They do not realize the danger they are in.

C) They cannot hear the firefighters for the noise.

D) They mistake the firefighters for monsters.

27. A) He travels all over America to help put out fires.

B) He often teaches children what to do during a fire.

C) He teaches Spanish in a San Francisco community.

D) He provides oxygen masks to children free of charge.

28. A) He saved the life of his brother choking on food.

B) He rescued a student from a big fire.

C) He is very good at public speaking.

D) He gives informative talks to young children.

29. A) Firefighters play an important role in America.

B) Kids should learn not to be afraid of monsters.

C) Carelessness can result in tragedies.

D) Informative speeches can save lives.

Passage Two

Questions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.

30. A) To satisfy the needs of their family.

B) To fully realize their potential.

C) To make money for early retirement.

D) To gain a sense of their personal worth.

31. A) They may have to continue to work in old age.

B) They may regret the time they wasted.

C) They may have nobody to depend on in the future.

D) They may have fewer job opportunities.

32. A) Making wise use of your time.

B) Enjoying yourself while you can.

C) Saving as much as you can.

D) Working hard and playing hard.

Passage Three

Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.

33. A) Hardworking students being accused of cheating.

B) Boy students being often treated as law-breakers.

C) Innocent people being suspected groundlessly.

D) Junior employees being made to work overtime.

34. A) Forbidding students to take food out of the restaurant.

B) Requesting customers to pay before taking the food.

C) Asking customers to leave their bags on the counters.

D) Allowing only two students to enter at a time.

35. A) He was taken to the manager.

B) He was closely watched.

C) He was asked to leave.

D) He was overcharged.

Section C

Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.

Writing keeps us in touch with other people. We write to communicate with relatives and friends. We write to (36) _____________ our family histories so our children and grandchildren can learn and (37) _____________ their heritage (传统). With computers and Internet connections in so many (38) _____________, colleges, and businesses, people are e-mailing friends and relatives all the time—or talking to them in writing in online (39) _____________ rooms. It is cheaper than calling long distance, and a lot more (40) _____________ than waiting until Sunday for the telephone (41) _____________ to drop. Students are e-mailing their professors to (42) _____________ and discuss their classroom assignments and to (43) _____________ them. They are e-mailing classmates to discuss and collaborate (合作) on homework. (44) ____________________________________________________________________.

Despite the growing importance of computers, however, there will always be a place and need for the personal letter. (45) __________________________________________________________________________. No matter what the content of the message, its real point is, "I want you to know that I care about you." (46) _______________________________________________________________________________, but only in the success of human relationships.

Part Ⅳ　Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)　(25 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the banks more than once.

Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.

What determines the kind of person you are? What factors make you more or less bold, intelligent, or able to read a map? All of these are influenced by the interaction of your genes and the environment in which you were 　47　. The study of how genes and environment interact to influence 　48　 activity is known as behavioral genetics. Behavioral genetics has made important 　49　 to the biological revolution, providing information about the extent to which biology influences mind, brain and behavior.

Any research that suggests that 　50　 to perform certain behaviors are based in biology is controversial. Who wants to be told that there are limitations to what you can 　51　 based on something that is beyond your control, such as your genes? It is easy to accept that genes control physical characteristics such as sex, race and eye color. But can genes also determine whether people will get divorced, how 　52　 they are, or what career they are likely to choose? A concern of psychological scientists is the 　53　 to which all of these characteristics are influenced by nature and nurture (养育), by genetic makeup and the environment. Increasingly, science 　54　 that genes lay the groundwork for many human traits. From this perspective, people are born 　55　 like undeveloped photographs: The image is already captured, but the way it 　56　 appears can vary based on the development process. However, the basic picture is there from the beginning.

A) abilities

B) achieve

C) appeal

D) complaints

E) contributions

F) displayed

G) essentially

H) eventually

I) extent

J) indicates

K) proceeds

L) psychological

M) raised

N) smart

O) standard

Section B

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.

It is pretty much a one-way street. While it may be common for university researchers to try their luck in the commercial world, there is very little traffic in the opposite direction. Pay has always been the biggest deterrent, as people with families often feel they cannot afford the drop in salary when moving to a university job. For some industrial scientists, however, the attractions of academia (学术界) outweigh any financial considerations.

Helen Lee took a 70% cut in salary when she moved from a senior post in Abbott Laboratories to a medical department at the University of Cambridge. Her main reason for returning to academia mid-career was to take advantage of the greater freedom to choose research questions. Some areas of inquiry have few prospects of a commercial return, and Lee's is one of them.

The impact of a salary cut is probably less severe for a scientist in the early stages of a career. Guy Grant, now a research associate at the Unilever Centre for Molecular Informatics at the University of Cambridge, spent two years working for a pharmaceutical (制药的) company before returning to university as a post-doctoral researcher. He took a 30% salary cut but felt it worthwhile for the greater intellectual opportunities.

Higher up the ladder, where a pay cut is usually more significant, the demand for scientists with a wealth of experience in industry is forcing universities to make the transition (转换) to academia more attractive, according to Lee. Industrial scientists tend to receive training that academics do not, such as how to build a multidisciplinary team, manage budgets and negotiate contracts. They are also well placed to bring something extra to the teaching side of an academic role that will help students get a job when they graduate, says Lee, perhaps experience in manufacturing practice or product development. "Only a small number of undergraduates will continue in an academic career. So someone leaving university who already has the skills needed to work in an industrial lab has far more potential in the job market than someone who has spent all their time on a narrow research project."

57. By "a one-way street" (Line 1, Para. 1), the author means ________.

A) university researchers know little about the commercial world

B) there is little exchange between industry and academia

C) few industrial scientists would quit to work in a university

D) few university professors are willing to do industrial research

58. The word "deterrent" (Line 2, Para. 1) most probably refers to something that ________.

A) keeps someone from taking action

B) helps to move the traffic

C) attracts people's attention

D) brings someone a financial burden

59. What was Helen Lee's major consideration when she changed her job in the middle of her career?

A) Flexible work hours.

B) Her research interests.

C) Her preference for the lifestyle on campus.

D) Prospects of academic accomplishments.

60. Guy Grant chose to work as a researcher at Cambridge in order to ________.

A) do financially more rewarding work

B) raise his status in the academic world

C) enrich his experience in medical research

D) exploit better intellectual opportunities

61. What contribution can industrial scientists make when they come to teach in a university?

A) Increase its graduates' competitiveness in the job market.

B) Develop its students' potential in research.

C) Help it to obtain financial support from industry.

D) Gear its research towards practical applications.

Passage Two

Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.

Being sociable looks like a good way to add years to your life. Relationships with family, friends, neighbours, even pets, will all do the trick, but the biggest longevity (长寿) boost seems to come from marriage or an equivalent relationship. The effect was first noted in 1858 by William Farr, who wrote that widows and widowers (鳏夫) were at a much higher risk of dying than their married peers. Studies since then suggest that marriage could add as much as seven years to a man's life and two to a woman's. The effect holds for all causes of death, whether illness, accident or self-harm.

Even if the odds are stacked against you, marriage can more than compensate. Linda Waite of the University of Chicago has found that a married older man with heart disease can expect to live nearly four years longer than an unmarried man with a healthy heart. Likewise, a married man who smokes more than a pack a day is likely to live as long as a divorced man who doesn't smoke. There's a flip side, however, as partners are more likely to become ill or die in the couple of years following their spouse's death, and caring for a spouse with mental disorder can leave you with some of the same severe problems. Even so, the odds favour marriage. In a 30-year study of more than 10,000 people, Nicholas Christakis of Harvard Medical School describes how all kinds of social networks have similar effects.

So how does it work? The effects are complex, affected by socio-economic factors, health-service provision, emotional support and other more physiological (生理的) mechanisms. For example, social contact can boost development of the brain and immune system, leading to better health and less chance of depression later in life. People in supportive relationships may handle stress better. Then there are the psychological benefits of a supportive partner.

A life partner, children and good friends are all recommended if you aim to live to 100. The ultimate social network is still being mapped out, but Christakis says: "People are interconnected, so their health is interconnected."

62. William Farr's study and other studies show that _________.

A) social life provides an effective cure for illness

B) being sociable helps improve one's quality of life

C) women benefit more than men from marriage

D) marriage contributes a great deal to longevity

63. Linda Waite's studies support the idea that _________.

A) older men should quit smoking to stay healthy

B) marriage can help make up for ill health

C) the married are happier than the unmarried

D) unmarried people are likely to suffer in later life

64. It can be inferred from the context that the "flip side" (Line 4, Para. 2) refers to _________.

A) the disadvantages of being married

B) the emotional problems arising from marriage

C) the responsibility of taking care of one's family

D) the consequence of a broken marriage

65. What does the author say about social networks?

A) They have effects similar to those of a marriage.

B) They help develop people's community spirit.

C) They provide timely support for those in need.

D) They help relieve people of their life's burdens.

66. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?

A) It's important that we develop a social network when young.

B) To stay healthy, one should have a proper social network.

C) Getting a divorce means risking a reduced life span.

D) We should share our social networks with each other.

Part Ⅴ　Cloze　(15 minutes)

Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D)on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Part VI　Translation　(5 minutes)

Directions: Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets. Please write your translation on Answer Sheet 2.

87. ________________________________________________________________________________ (为了确保他参加会议), I called him up in advance.

88. The magnificent museum ________________________________________________________________ (据说建成于) about a hundred years ago.

89. There would be no life on earth _________________________________________________________________ (没有地球独特的环境).

90. _______________________________________________________________ (给游客印象最深的) was the friendliness and warmth of the local people.

91. They requested that ______________________________________________________________ (我借的书还回图书馆) by next Friday.

2010年12月大学英语四级考试真题详解

Part I　Writing

How Should Parents Help Children to Be Independent?

Nowadays, parents tend to be overprotective and try to do everything for their children, which is harmful to the growth of the children. It is of great importance for the parents to help their children to become independent.①

Some parents believe that the children are too young to face the complicated world on their own, taking on everything on their behalf.② They love their children so blindly that they ignore the importance of independence in their children's life.③

In order to help the children to be independent, parents should take the following measures.④ To start with, parents should give their children chances to experience hardship, by which the children will enhance the capability to overcome it. Secondly, when the children really need help parents ought to provide useful suggestions and assistance, teaching the children the correct way to deal with problems. Last but not least, parents must encourage their children to make their own decisions. By this way, the children will become confident and able to confront any difficulties in their future life.⑤

①．紧扣提纲，点明主旨，引出家长帮助孩子独立的重要性。

②．举例说明一些家长的做法，并指出原因。

③．用so...that...句型说明这些家长的做法的不利之处。

④．用the following measures引出下文中家长的具体做法。

⑤．用to start with、secondly和last but not least分别从三个角度说明家长应该怎样帮助孩子独立，层次分明，逻辑清晰。

父母应如何帮助孩子独立

现在的家长往往过分地保护子女，并竭力替他们做任何事。但是，这种溺爱对孩子的成长是不利的。对家长而言，帮助孩子独立极为重要。

有些家长认为孩子还太小，无法独自面对复杂的世界，就替孩子们包办一切。他们对孩子的爱过于盲目，以至于忽略了独立性在孩子生活中的重要性。

为了帮助孩子独立，家长应该采取以下措施。首先，家长应该给孩子机会来经历磨炼，这样孩子才能提升克服困难的能力。其次，当孩子真的需要帮助时，家长应该为他们提供有用的建议和支持，使之学会解决问题的正确方法。最后但同样重要的是，家长必须鼓励孩子自己做决定。通过这种方式，孩子会变得自信起来，并且将能够应对今后生活中出现的任何困难。

要点用法

overprotective 过分保护的

enhance 提高，增强

be harmful to 对……有害的

capability 能力，才能

on one's behalf 代表（或代替）某人

last but not least 最后但同样重要的

blindly 盲目地

confront difficulties 面对困难

hardship 困难

句法点评

1. Nowadays, parents tend to be overprotective and try to do everything for their children, which is harmful to the growth of the children.

用and连接的两个并列句说明现如今家长的普遍做法，接着用非限制性定语从句说明这一做法的不利之处。

2. Some parents believe that the children are too young to face the complicated world on their own, taking on everything on their behalf.

通过that引导的宾语从句说明了一些家长的看法，现在分词短语taking on everything on their behalf说明了这些想法所导致的结果。

3. Secondly, when the children really need help parents ought to provide useful suggestions and assistance, teaching the children the correct way to deal with problems.

用secondly引出家长的第二点做法；when引导的时间状语从句＋主句＋现在分词作伴随状语。

Part II　Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)

大自然疗法

我们大多数人一生都在探索自然。为此，我们遛狗，打高尔夫球，钓鱼，在花园中小坐，在酒吧外面（而不是里面）小酌一杯，去野餐，在郊区居住，到海滨去，在乡下购置周末度假屋。在英国，最流行的休闲活动是散步。当慢跑者跑步时，他们不会在街道上跑，而是本能地朝着公园或者河边跑。［1］我深信，我们所有人不仅需要自然，而且还在寻觅自然，不管我们是否意识到自己正在这么做。

但尽管如此，我们的孩子却在一个缺乏自然的环境里成长着。我的童年是在伦敦南部的斯特雷特姆公地上爬树度过的。如今，孩子们被剥夺了这些从前的自由，而这一切都是由犯罪、交通、户外空地的丧失以及一些古怪的新观念等问题所致。［2］这些古怪的新观念是关于什么对孩子是最好的。这些观念认为，一切能买到的东西，而不是能被找到的东西对孩子来说是最好的。

在其他地方，这种情况也存在着。美国进行了一项研究：对搬进了物质条件更好的住房的家庭中的孩子进行多动症测评。那些在居住环境中能看见更多自然景色的儿童，其多动症的改善率为19％；而那些家庭物质条件相似，但居住环境中没有美丽的自然景色的儿童，其多动症的改善率仅为4％。

［3］瑞典的一项研究表明，经常在自然环境中活动的幼儿园儿童比只在普通的操场上活动的孩子得病的几率更低、体能更强。美国的一项研究表明，在一所让学生接近大自然的学校里，所有学生的学习成绩都得到了提高。

另一项研究指出，孩子们在自然环境中有不同的玩法。在操场上，孩子们根据体能创建了等级，强壮的孩子是领头的。但在种植着灌木丛的草地上，孩子们的游戏更富有想象力，而这时的等级是建立在想象力和创造力的基础上的。

［4］大多数恃强凌弱的现象发生在有柏油碎石操场的学校里，而在鼓励学生去探索的自然环境中，这种现象最少发生。这唤起了我在斯特雷特姆太阳山学校的不愉快记忆。那里就有粗糙的柏油碎石操场，而我常在角落里晃荡，幻想着野生动物。

但是，出于健康和安全的考虑，现在的大人往往并不鼓励孩子们到野外活动，担心他们把自己弄脏，或者可能造成什么破坏。结果，反而是孩子受到了伤害：不是他们的身体而是心灵。

［5］多动症是现代儿童的重大问题之一，现在有越来越多的孩子在接受昂贵的药物治疗。然而，一项又一项的研究表明，亲近自然对多动症儿童大有裨益。可是，我们把钱花在了药物治疗上，而非绿化环境上。

如果老年人能接触自然，他们的生活质量会明显好很多。［6］随着老龄人口数量的增加，人们越来越重视老人们的生活质量而不是生命长度。多项研究表明，花园是提高老年人生活质量的最重要的事物。

有证据显示，在更广泛、更艰难的生活领域，自然环境能改善各种事物。通过与大自然接触，甚至犯罪和攻击性行为这类问题都有所减少。

［7］皇家鸟类保护协会的研究员威廉·伯德博士在他的一项研究中指出：“自然环境可以降低暴力行为的发生几率，因为大自然的恢复功能可以帮助人们缓解愤怒和减少冲动行为。”因此，应该鼓励人们多到野外去，不管它们的作用多么微小。

我们倾向于将保护自然看成是人类给予大自然的某种恩惠。［8］这种观点大错特错：不仅人类本身需要大自然，而且那种认为人类与自然可以分离的观点也是极度危险的。

人类属于哺乳动物，早在700万年前就已经开始作为自然界的一部分生存在地球上。我们像我们的祖先一样，从内心深处都想要拥抱自然世界，渴望与人类以外的生命接触。那些曾经轻拍过小狗，抚摸过小猫，坐在树下喝过啤酒，送出或收到过一捧鲜花，以及在风和日丽的日子里在公园散过步的人，都能体会这种情怀。

我们需要大自然，它对我们的安乐、健康和幸福来说都至关重要。［9］没有了大自然，我们的文明程度不会更高只会更低。没有了身边的其他生物，我们也难以称自己为人类。

［10］五种与大自然和谐相处的方法

散步：打破那种一直待在室内的生活规律。提前一站下车，午休时绕着公园走走，步行接送孩子上下学，养一只狗，在流动的空气里感受自己慢慢前行，观察、倾听、吸纳。

静坐：时常抽出一点时间，到户外静坐。抛开日常工作，到花园里，或者任何办公室以外的地方，任何室外的地方坐坐。静静地坐在一棵树下，望着水面，感受神清气爽、略微有点新生的感觉。

畅饮：享受自然的最佳方式是独自一人去感受，其次是与他人结伴。找一个或几个好友，一起到户外小酌，以鸟语为伴，在阳光和微风中畅谈。

学习：扩展自己的视野。了解五种鸟类、五种蝴蝶、五种树木以及五种鸟鸣。通过这种方法，你能看得更多，听得更多。你将以一颗感恩的心去回应生命中更多美妙的自然风景。

旅行：去那些你一直想去的地方：海边、郊外或者山林。周末去放松一下，或者用一天也好，前往自己想去的地方。为了那些美丽的风景，为了林间的小路，为了鸟儿和蜜蜂，现在就出发吧。去一个特别的地方，并且把这份特别带回家。不管怎样，这都会是一段永恒的回忆。

1. What is the author's profound belief?

A) People instinctively seek nature in different ways.

B) People should spend most of their lives in the wild.

C) People have quite different perceptions of nature.

D) People must make more efforts to study nature.

作者深信什么？

A）人们本能地用不同的方式寻觅自然。

B）人们一生中大部分时间应该待在野外。

C）人们对自然的看法千差万别。

D）人们必须付出更多的努力去研究自然。

►线索词：profound belief

►定位处：第一段末句。

►解析：该句提到：“我深信，我们所有人不仅需要自然，而且还在寻觅自然，不管我们是否意识到自己正在这么做”。原文中的seek nature以及whether we know we are doing so or not对应A项中的instinctively seek nature，故正确答案为A。

2. What does the author say people prefer for their children nowadays?

A) Personal freedom.

B) Things that are natural.

C) Urban surroundings.

D) Things that are purchased.

作者称现在人们更愿意给孩子什么？

A）个人自由。

B）自然的东西。

C）城市环境。

D）买到的东西。

►线索词：prefer for their children

►定位处：第二段末句。

►解析：该句提到，那些古怪的新观念认为一切能买到的东西，而不是能被找到的东西，对孩子是最好的。题干中的prefer for对应原文中的is best for，D项中的purchased对应原文的bought，故为正确答案。

3. What does a study in Sweden show?

A) The natural environment can help children learn better.

B) More access to nature makes children less likely to fall ill.

C) A good playground helps kids develop their physical abilities.

D) Natural views can prevent children from developing ADHD.

瑞典的一项研究说明什么？

A）自然环境有助于孩子更好地学习。

B）与自然接触得越多，孩子生病的可能性越小。

C）一个好的操场能帮助孩子增强体能。

D）自然风景能防止孩子患多动症。

►线索词：a study in Sweden

►定位处：第四段首句。

►解析：文中提到，“瑞典的一项研究表明，经常在自然环境中活动的幼儿园儿童比只在普通的操场上活动的孩子得病的几率更低、体能更强”。原文中的could play in a natural environment与B项中的access to nature对应，而had less illness则对应B项中的less likely to fall ill，故B为正确答案。

4. Children who have chances to explore natural areas ______.

A) tend to develop a strong love for science

B) are more likely to fantasise about wildlife

C) tend to be physically tougher in adulthood

D) are less likely to be involved in bullying

有机会探索自然环境的孩子______。

A）易于培养对科学的热爱

B）更有可能对野生动物产生幻想

C）往往在成年后身体更强壮

D）涉及恃强凌弱的可能性更小

►线索词：explore，natural areas

►定位处：第六段段首。

►解析：该句提到，大多数恃强凌弱的现象发生在有柏油碎石操场的学校里，而在鼓励学生去探索的自然环境中，这种现象发生得最少。原文中的least bullying对应D项中的less likely to be involved in bullying，故正确答案为D。

5. What does the author suggest we do to help children with ADHD?

A) Find more effective drugs for them.

B) Provide more green spaces for them.

C) Place them under more personal care.

D) Engage them in more meaningful activities.

作者建议我们应该怎样帮助患有多动症的孩子？

A）为他们找更多疗效好的药物。

B）为他们提供更多绿色空间。

C）给予他们更多的个人关照。

D）让他们参加更多有意义的活动。

►线索词：ADHD

►定位处：第八段。

►解析：该段首句提到，多动症是现代儿童的一个重大问题，现在有越来越多的家长不惜花重金为孩子进行多动症的药物治疗。接着笔锋一转，说道：“然而，一项又一项的研究表明，亲近自然对多动症儿童大有裨益”。故B项为正确答案。

6. In what way do elderly people benefit from their contact with nature?

A) They look on life optimistically.

B) They enjoy a life of better quality.

C) They are able to live longer.

D) They become good-humoured.

与大自然的接触使老年人在哪方面受益？

A）他们乐观地看待生活。

B）他们享受更高质量的生活。

C）他们能够活得更长久。

D）他们变得心情愉快。

►线索词：elderly people

►定位处：第九段前两句。

►解析：该段先将quality和quantity进行比较，说明现在人们更看重的是老年人的生活质量而非生命长度，接着说的是研究表明花园是提高老年人生活质量最重要的事物，故正确答案为B。

7. Dr William Bird suggests in his study that ______.

A) humanity and nature are complementary to each other

B) wild places may induce impulsive behaviour in people

C) access to nature contributes to the reduction of violence

D) it takes a long time to restore nature once damaged

威廉·伯德博士在他的研究中指明______。

A）人类和自然相互补充

B）野外环境可能引发人们的冲动行为

C）接触自然有助于减少暴力行为

D）自然环境一旦被破坏，需要很长时间来修复

►线索词：Dr William Bird，suggests

►定位处：第十一段。

►解析：该段提到，威廉·伯德博士在他的一项研究中指出：“自然环境可以降低暴力行为的发生几率。”原文中的can reduce violent behavior与C项中的contributes to the reduction of violence意思相同，故C为正确答案。

8. It is extremely harmful to think that humanity and the natural world can be separated.

认为人类和自然世界能分离开来的想法极度有害。

►线索词：humanity and the natural world

►定位处：第十二段。

►解析：该段最后一句提到，那种认为人类与自然可以分离的观点也是极度危险的。题干中的extremely harmful对应原文中的profoundly damaging。由于空格前为be动词，故应将separate变为被动形式，应填入separated。

9. The author believes that we would not be so civilised without the wild world.

作者认为如果没有大自然，人类不会如此文明。

►线索词：civilised

►定位处：第十四段。

►解析：该段提到，没有大自然，我们的文明程度不会更高只会更低。题干中的not be so civilised对应原文中的are not more but less civilised，而这句话在原文中的前提是without the wild world，因此空格处应填入the wild world。

10. The five suggestions the author gives at the end of the passage are meant to encourage people to seek harmony with the natural world

作者在文章结尾给出的五条建议旨在鼓励人们寻求与自然界的和谐相处。

►线索词：five suggestions，the natural world

►定位处：小标题处。

►解析：题干中的seek对应小标题中的find，而with the natural world与标题中的内容完全一致，故空格处应填入的词为harmony。

Part III　Listening Comprehension

Section A

11. A) The man should visit the museums.

B) She can't stand the hot weather.

C) The beach resort is a good choice.

D) She enjoys staying in Washington.

M: Oh my God! The heat is simply unbearable here. I wish we'd gone to the beach instead.

W: Well, with the museums and restaurants in Washington I'd be happy here no matter what the temperature.

Q: What does the woman mean?

A）男士应该参观博物馆。

B）她不能忍受酷热的天气。

C）海滩度假胜地是个好的选择。

D）她喜欢待在华盛顿。

男：哦，天啊！这里热得简直让人无法忍受。真希望我们是去了海滩。

女：呃，有了华盛顿的博物馆和餐馆，不管气温多高我都乐意待在这里。

问：女士的意思是什么？

►听前预测：三项提及了地点（museums，beach resort，Washington）。

结论：对话很可能与外出旅行有关。

►解析：本题问女士的话是什么意思，应重点关注女士所说的内容。男士说这里的炎热天气简直无法忍受，他们要是去海边就好了。女士说华盛顿有这么多博物馆和餐馆，不管气温怎样她都愿意待在这里，故选D。

12. A) Her new responsibilities in the company.

B) What her job prospects are.

C) What the customers' feedback is.

D) The director's opinion of her work.

M: How's the new job going?

W: Well, I'm learning a lot of new things, but I wish the director would give me some feedback.

Q: What does the woman want to know?

A）她在公司的新职责。

B）她的职业前景是什么。

C）顾客有什么反馈。

D）主管对她工作的评价。

男：新工作进展如何？

女：呃，我正在学习很多新东西，但我希望主管能给我一些反馈。

问：女士想知道什么？

►听前预测：

①四项均与工作有关（new responsibilities，job prospects，customers，work）。

②三项提到了her。

结论：本题与女士的工作相关。

►解析：男士问女士的新工作怎么样。女士说她正在学习很多新东西，并表示希望主管能给她些反馈意见。本题问女士想知道什么，故选D。

13. A) Combine her training with dieting.

B) Repeat the training every three days.

C) Avoid excessive physical training.

D) Include weightlifting in the program.

W: Can you help me work out a physical training program, John?

M: Sure, but whatever you do, be careful not to overdo it. Last time I had two weeks' worth of weightlifting in three days and I hurt myself.

Q: What does the man suggest the woman do?

A）将锻炼与节食结合起来。

B）每三天锻炼一次。

C）避免过度的体育锻炼。

D）把举重包含在方案中。

女：约翰，你能帮我制订一个体育锻炼方案吗？

男：当然可以，但是不管你做什么，注意不要过度。上次我用三天时间完成了应该两周完成的举重训练，结果把自己弄伤了。

问：男士建议女士做什么？

►听前预测：

①四项均以动词原形开头。

②四项均与锻炼有关（training，physical training，weightlifting）。

结论：对话很可能与锻炼身体有关，应注意听锻炼的内容。

►解析：本题是建议题，提问男士建议女士怎么做。女士让男士帮忙设计体能训练计划，男士表示可以，并告诫女士不管做什么，都要量力而行，不应过度。他给女士举了自己的例子，他上次用了三天的时间完成了两周的举重训练量，结果受伤了。由此可见，男士建议女士锻炼不要过度，故选C。

14. A) When she will return home.

B) Whether she can go by herself.

C) Whether she can travel by air.

D) When she will completely recover.

M: I have an elderly mother and I'm worried about her going on a plane. Is there any risk?

W: Not if her heart is all right. If she has a heart condition, I'd recommend against it.

Q: What does the man want to know about his mother?

A）她将什么时候回家。

B）她能否自己去。

C）她能否乘坐飞机旅行。

D）她将什么时候完全康复。

男：我母亲上了年纪，我很担心她乘坐飞机的问题。会有什么危险吗？

女：如果她的心脏健康的话就没危险。如果她有心脏病，我建议不要乘坐飞机。

问：男士想了解关于他的母亲的什么信息？

►听前预测：

①两项以whether开头，两项以when开头。

②四项均提到了she。

结论：四个选项均为问询的答复，应重点关注对话中的问题及其答复。

►解析：男士说他母亲年纪大了，他比较担心她坐飞机的问题，并询问女士会不会有风险。女士说如果心脏没有问题，就不会有危险。如果她有心脏病，则不推荐她坐飞机。由此可见，男士想知道他母亲能否坐飞机，故选C。

15. A) The woman knows how to deal with the police.

B) The woman had been fined many times before.

C) The woman had violated traffic regulations.

D) The woman is good at finding excuses.

M: Why didn't you stop when we first signaled you at the crossroads?

W: Sorry, I was just a bit absent-minded. Anyway, do I have to pay a fine?

Q: What do we learn from the conversation?

A）女士知道如何与警察打交道。

B）女士之前被罚过很多次款。

C）女士违反了交通规则。

D）女士擅长寻找借口。

男：当我们在十字路口第一次向你示意时，你为什么不停车？

女：对不起，刚才我有点儿走神。不管怎样，我必须交罚金吗？

问：我们从对话中知道了什么？

►听前预测：

①四项均以the woman开头。

②三项均含有与交通场景相关的词汇（police，fined，violated traffic regulations）。

结论：对话很可能与女士违反交通规则有关。

►解析：男士问女士他在十字路口第一次向她示意的时候为什么不停车。女士说她当时有点走神，并问男士自己是否要交罚金。由对话内容可知，男士应为交警，而女士违反了交通规则，故选C。

16. A) Switch off the refrigerator for a while.

B) Have someone repair the refrigerator.

C) Ask the man to fix the refrigerator.

D) Buy a refrigerator of better quality.

M: I'm no expert, but that noise in your refrigerator doesn't sound right. Maybe you should have it fixed.

W: You're right. And I suppose I've put it off long enough.

Q: What will the woman probably do?

A）把冰箱关掉一会儿。

B）找人修理冰箱。

C）让男士修理冰箱。

D）买一个质量更好的冰箱。

男：我不是专家，但你冰箱的声音听起来不对劲。也许你应该找人来修修。

女：你说得对。我想，我已经把这事拖得够久了。

问：女士很可能要做什么？

►听前预测：

①四项均以动词原形开头。

②四项均提到了冰箱（refrigerator）。

结论：对话与冰箱有关，应注意听对话中的动词。

►解析：男士说虽然他不是专家，但是他觉得女士的冰箱的声音听起来不对劲，建议女士找人修理。女士表示同意，并说这件事她已经拖了好久了。由此可见，女士打算找人修理冰箱，故选B。

17. A) He owns a piece of land in the downtown area.

B) He has got enough money to buy a house.

C) He can finally do what he has dreamed of.

D) He is moving into a bigger apartment.

M: I did extremely well on the sale of my downtown apartment. Now, I have enough money to buy that piece of land I've had my eye on and build a house on it.

W: Congratulations! Does that mean you'll be moving soon?

Q: What do we learn about the man from the conversation?

A）他在市中心有块地。

B）他有足够多的钱来买房子。

C）他终于能做他梦寐以求的事了。

D）他正要搬到一套更大的公寓里。

男：我把市中心的公寓卖了个特别好的价钱。现在我有足够的钱买那块我看中的地，并在那儿建座房子了。

女：祝贺你！那是不是意味着你马上要搬家了？

问：我们从对话中知道了男士的什么信息？

►听前预测：

①四项均以he开头。

②三项与房地产有关（a piece of land，house，apartment）。

结论：对话很可能与男士的房产情况有关。

►解析：男士说他把市中心的公寓卖了个好价钱，他现在有足够的钱买下那块他相中已久的地皮，并在上面盖房子了。女士向男士表示祝贺，并问男士是不是马上要搬家了。可见，男士最终实现了自己的愿望，故选C。

18. A) She is black and blue all over.

B) She has to go to see a doctor.

C) She stayed away from work for a few days.

D) She got hurt in an accident yesterday.

W: My hand still hurts from the fall on the ice yesterday. I wonder if I broke something.

M: I'm no doctor, but it's not black and blue or anything. Maybe you just need to rest it for a few days.

Q: What do we learn about the woman from the conversation?

A）她浑身青一块紫一块。

B）她必须去看医生。

C）她好几天没去上班了。

D）她在昨天的一次事故中受伤了。

女：我现在手还是很疼，因为昨天在冰上摔倒了。我想是不是伤了筋骨。

男：虽然我不是医生，但我能看得出你手上并没有青一块紫一块的，或其他什么症状。也许你只需要让手休息几天就好了。

问：我们从对话中知道了女士的什么信息？

►听前预测：

①四项均以she开头。

②三项提到与生病就医相关的词语（black and blue，see a doctor，got hurt）。

结论：对话很可能与女士生病就医有关。

►解析：女士说她昨天在冰上滑倒了，到现在手还在疼，她想知道是不是伤了筋骨。男士说他虽然不是医生，但看得出来女士的手不青也不紫，又没什么其他症状，应该休息几天就好了。由此可见，女士昨天意外受伤了，故选D。

Conversation One

听力原文&译文

M: Mrs. Dawson, thanks very much for coming down to the station. I just like to go over some of the things that you told police officer Parmer at the bank.

W: All right.

M: Well,［19］could you describe the man who robbed the bank for this report that we're filling out here? Now, anything at all that you can remember would be extremely helpful to us.

W: Well, just, I can only remember basically what I said before.

M: That's all right.

W:［20］The man was tall, six-foot, and he had dark hair, and he had moustache.

M: Very good. All right, did he have any other distinguishing marks?

W: Um, no, none that I can remember.

M: Do you remember how old he was by any chance?

W: Well, I guess around 30, maybe younger, give or take a few years.

M: Um, all right. Do you remember anything about what he was wearing?

W: Yes, yes, he had on a dark sweater, a solid color.

M: OK. Um, anything else that strikes you at the moment?

W: I remember he was wearing a light shirt under the sweater. Yes, yes.

M: All right. Mrs. Dawson, I really appreciate what you've been through today.［21］I'm just going to ask you to look at some photographs before you leave if you don't mind. It won't take very long. Can you do that for me?

W: Oh, of course.

M: Would you like to step this way with me, please?

W: OK, sure.

M: Thank you.

男：道森夫人，非常感谢您到警察局来。我只是想重新了解一下您在银行告诉帕默警官的一些信息。

女：好的。

男：那么，［19］您能描述一下抢劫银行的那个男人吗？我们正在填写有关这个抢劫案件的报告。现在，您能记起的任何事情都会对我们有重大帮助。

女：呃，基本上，我只能记起我之前说过的。

男：没关系。

女：［20］那个男人很高，有6英尺吧。他头发是黑色的，留着胡子。

男：非常好。那么，他还有什么别的显著特征吗？

女：呃，没有了，我记得的就没有了。

男：您还能记起他的年龄吗？

女：呃，我猜他大概30岁，也许更年轻点，差不了几岁吧。

男：嗯，好的。您还记得他的穿着吗？

女：记得，记得。他穿了一件黑色的毛衣，颜色很纯。

男：好。呃，当时还有什么给您留下了深刻印象吗？

女：我记得他毛衣下面穿了件浅色的衬衫。是的，是这样的。

男：好的。道森夫人，真的非常感谢您今天的配合。［21］如果您不介意，在您走之前，我想请您看些照片。不会花您很长时间的。您觉得可以吗？

女：哦，当然可以。

男：请您跟我往这边走，好吗？

女：好的。

男：谢谢。

19. A) She was a bank manager.

B) She was a victim of the robbery.

C) She was a defence lawyer.

D) She was a witness to the crime.

Q: What do we learn about the woman?

A）她是银行经理。

B）她是抢劫案的受害者。

C）她是辩护律师。

D）她是犯罪行为的目击者。

问：我们知道了女士的什么信息？

►听前预测：

①四项主语均为she。

②四项描述了四种不同的身份（bank manager，victim，lawyer，witness）。

③由选项中的bank、robbery和crime可推测，对话可能与抢劫银行有关。

结论：本题可能问女士的身份，对话可能与抢劫银行有关。

►解析：对话开头男士说，他想重新了解一下女士在银行曾向另一位警官提供的一些信息，然后又让女士描述一下要提交的报告中抢劫银行的那个男人的情况，由此可以判断，女士是银行抢劫案的目击者，故D项正确。

20.  A) A tall man with dark hair and a moustache.

B) A youth with a distinguishing mark on his face.

C) A thirty-year-old guy wearing a light sweater.

D) A medium-sized young man carrying a gun.

Q: What did the suspect look like?

A）黑头发并留着胡子的高个子男人。

B）脸上有明显标志的青年。

C）穿一件浅色毛衣的30岁男人。

D）一个持枪的中等身材青年。

问： 犯罪嫌疑人的体貌特征是什么？

►听前预测：四个选项很明显都是某个人的体貌特征，结合上题可推测，该题是目击者对银行抢劫犯的描述。听音时应重点关注与人的体貌特征有关的词，如年龄、身高、穿着、头发的颜色、是否留胡须、是否有疤等。

►解析：对话中女士说，犯罪嫌疑人很高，有6英尺左右，头发是黑色，并且留有胡须，故答案为A。

21.  A) Identify the suspect from pictures.

B) Go upstairs to sign some document.

C) Have her photo taken for their files.

D) Verify the record of what she had said.

Q: What did the man finally ask the woman to do?

A）通过照片指认犯罪嫌疑人。

B）去楼上签一些文件。

C）给她照相为警察局备案。

D）核实她的证词记录。

问：男士最后要求女士做什么？

►听前预测：

①四项均以动词原形开头。

②两项提到了女士（her，she）。

③两项提到了照片（pictures，photo），两项含有与确认相关的词（identify，verify）。

结论：结合上两题的分析可推测，该题很可能是让女士确认犯罪嫌疑人的照片。

►解析：在对话的最后男士说，非常感激女士的配合，并询问女士是否介意在离开之前看些照片，也就是让女士确认一下犯罪嫌疑人的长相，故A项正确。

Conversation Two

听力原文&译文

W: Good morning.［22］I'm calling about the job that was in the paper last night.

M: Well, could you tell me your name?

W: Candida Faucett.

M: Oh, yes.［23］What exactly is it that interests you about the job?

W: Well, I thought it was just right for me.

M: Really? Um...Could you tell me a little about yourself?

W: Yes. I' m 23. I've been working abroad.

M: Where exactly have you been working?

W: In Geneva.

M: Oh, Geneva.［24］And what were you doing there?

W: Secretarial work. Previous to that, I was at university.

M: Which university was that?

W: The University of Manchester. I've got a degree in English.

M: You said you've been working in Geneva. Do you have any special reason for wanting to come back?

W:［23］I thought it would be nice to be nearer to the family.

M: I see, and how do you see yourself developing in this job?

W: Well, I'm ambitious. I do hope that my career as a secretary will lead me eventually into management.

M: I see. You have foreign languages?

W: French and Italian.

M: Well, I think the best thing for you to do is to reply in writing to the advertisement.

W: Can't I arrange for an interview now?

M: Well, I'm afraid we must wait until all the applications are in, in writing, and then decide on the short list. If you are on the short list, of course we should see you.

W: Oh, I see.

M:［25］I'll look forward to receiving your application in writing in a day or two.

W: Oh, yes, yes, certainly.

M: OK, thank you very much. Goodbye.

W: Thank you. Goodbye.

女：早上好，［22］我打电话来是想咨询一下昨晚报纸上刊登的那份工作。

男：好的。你的名字是什么？

女：我叫坎迪达·福西特。

男：哦，好的。［23］这份工作的具体哪些方面使你感兴趣？

女：呃，我觉得它正是适合我的工作。

男：真的吗？呃……那你能稍微跟我说说你自己吗？

女：好的。我23岁，一直在国外工作。

男：你具体一直在哪儿工作呢？

女：在日内瓦。

男：哦，日内瓦。［24］你在那里做什么？

女：文秘工作。在那之前，我在读大学。

男：是哪所大学呢？

女：曼彻斯特大学。我获得了英语学位。

男：你说你一直在日内瓦工作。是什么特殊的原因让你想回来发展呢？

女：［23］我觉得离家近些会很好。

男：我明白了。你怎样看待自己在此职位上的发展呢？

女：嗯，我很有抱负。我真的希望文秘工作会带我最终走上管理岗位。

男：明白了。你掌握什么外语呢？

女：法语和意大利语。

男：好的。我认为你最好就招聘广告写一封书面申请。

女：是否现在可以安排面试呢？

男：呃，恐怕我们必须等收到所有的书面申请之后，再决定下一轮的候选名单。如果你在候选名单上，我们当然会面试你。

女：哦，我明白了。

男：［25］我希望在一两天内能收到你的书面申请。

女：哦，好的，好的。一定。

男：好的，非常感谢。再见。

女：谢谢。再见。

22.  A) By reading a newspaper ad.

B) By seeing a commercial on TV.

C) By listening to the morning news.

D) By calling an employment service.

Q: How did the woman get to know about the job vacancy?

A）通过读一则报纸广告。

B）通过看一则电视广告。

C）通过听早间新闻。

D）通过打电话咨询就业服务。

问：女士是如何知道这个职位空缺的？

►听前预测：

①四项均以by开头，应是对方式的考查。

②两项含有表示广告的词（newspaper ad.，commercial on TV），一项含有表示招聘的词（employment）。

结论：该题很可能是对某人找工作的方式进行考查。

►解析：本题问女士是如何得知这个职位空缺的。对话一开头女士就说“我打电话来是想咨询一下昨晚报纸上刊登的工作”，由此可知，女士是通过报纸上的广告得知招聘事宜的，故A项正确。

23. A) She could improve her foreign languages.

B) She could work close to her family.

C) She could travel overseas frequently.

D) She could use her previous experiences.

Q: Why did the woman find the job appealing?

A）她可以提高自己的外语水平。

B）她可以在离家近的地方工作。

C）她可以经常到国外出差。

D）她可以利用先前的经历。

问：为什么女士觉得这份工作具有吸引力？

►听前预测：四项均以she could开头，可知该题是对女士能做什么进行考查。听音重点是foreign languages、close to her family、travel overseas以及previous experiences。

►解析：当男士问女士对这份工作的哪些方面感兴趣时，女士并没有直接回答，而是说这份工作很适合自己，然后在对话的中间部分才说出了具体原因，即这份工作离家近，故B项正确。

24. A) Taking management courses.

B) Teaching English at a university.

C) Working as a secretary.

D) Studying for a degree in French.

Q: What had the woman been doing in Geneva?

A）学习管理课程。

B）在一所大学教英语。

C）从事文秘工作。

D）为了取得法语学位而学习。

问：女士在日内瓦一直做什么？

►听前预测：

①四项均是动名词短语，应该是考查女士做什么。

②两项含有与学习相关的词（courses，studying），两项含有与工作相关的词（teaching，working）。

结论：结合上两题可知，本题可能是对女士之前的学习或者工作经历进行考查。

►解析：当男士问女士在日内瓦做什么工作时，女士说文秘工作。C项中的working as a secretary与文中的secretarial work属于同义转述，故为正确答案。

25. A) Prepare for an interview in a couple of days.

B) Read the advertisement again for more details.

C) Send in a written application as soon as possible.

D) Get to know the candidates on the short list.

Q: What was the woman asked to do in the end?

A）为几天后的面试做准备。

B）再读一遍招聘广告，以了解更多细节。

C）尽快提交一份书面申请。

D）了解最终候选名单上的候选人。

问：对话结尾处女士被要求做什么？

►听前预测：

①四项均以动词原形开头。

②三项含有与面试环节有关的词（prepare for an interview，send in a written application，know the candidates）。

结论：结合选项内容和前面几题可知，本题是对女士动作的考查。可能与接下来的面试环节有关。

►解析：当女士问男士是否现在可以安排面试时，男士说必须收到所有的书面申请之后才能确定面试名单，并在对话结束之前说期待在一两天内收到女士的书面申请，故可知答案为C。

Section B

Passage One

听力原文&译文

One of the greatest heartbreaks for firefighters occurs when they fail to rescue a child from a burning building because the child, frightened by smoke and noise, hides under a bed or in a closet and is later found dead. Saddest of all is［26］when children catch a glimpse of the masked firefighter but hide, because they think they have seen a monster. To prevent such tragedies, firefighter［27］Eric Velez gives talks to children in his community, explaining that they should never hide during a fire. He displays firefighters' equipment, including the oxygen mask, which he encourages his listeners to play with and put on. "If you see us," Velez tells them, "don' t hide. We are not monsters. We have come to rescue you." Velez gives his presentations in English and Spanish. Growing up in San Francisco, he learnt Spanish from his immigrant parents. Velez and other firefighters throughout North America, who give similar presentations, will never know how many lives they save through their talks. But it's a fact that informative speaking saves lives. For example, several months after listening to an informative speech,［28］Pete Gentry in North Carolina rescued his brother who was choking on food, by using the method taught by student speaker, Julie Paris.［29］In addition to saving lives, informative speakers help people learn new skills, solve problems and acquire fascinating facts about the exciting world in which they live.

令消防员们最伤心的时刻莫过于没能从着火的大楼中解救出儿童，因为被浓烟和噪音吓坏的孩子会躲在床底下或壁橱中，等到后来被找到时已经死亡。但令他们最难受的是，［26］孩子一看到戴面罩的消防员就藏起来，因为他们以为看到了怪物。为了防止这样的悲剧发生，［27］消防员埃里克·维莱斯给住在他的社区里的孩子作讲座，告诉他们火灾发生时绝对不要躲藏。他向孩子们展示包括氧气罩在内的消防装备，并鼓励孩子们摆弄甚至穿戴上这些装备。维莱斯告诉孩子们：“如果你们看到我们，不要躲藏。我们不是怪物，我们是来救你们的。”维莱斯用英语和西班牙语来作讲座。他在旧金山长大，从他的移民父母那里学会了西班牙语。维莱斯和北美各地其他作类似讲座的消防员们绝不会知道他们的讲座能救多少人，但这类教育性讲座能拯救生命的确是个事实。比如，在听了一场教育性讲座后的几个月，［28］北卡罗来纳州的皮特·金特里通过使用学生演讲者朱莉·帕里斯所讲授的方法救了因进食噎着差点窒息的弟弟。［29］除了拯救生命，教育性演讲者还帮助人们学习新技能，解决问题，并了解有关他们所生活的精彩世界的迷人奥秘。

整体预测

快速浏览各题选项，根据firefighters、danger、put out fires、oxygen masks、teaches children、informative speeches、save lives等关键词推测，该短文涉及的内容很可能与如何在火灾中对儿童施救，或者向小孩讲解火灾自救知识有关，具体细节需要进一步分析各个选项。

26. A) They cannot see the firefighters because of the smoke.

B) They do not realize the danger they are in.

C) They cannot hear the firefighters for the noise.

D) They mistake the firefighters for monsters.

Q: Why do some children trapped in a burning building hide from masked firefighters?

A）因为浓烟他们看不到消防员。

B）他们没有意识到自己所面对的危险。

C）因为噪音他们听不到消防员的声音。

D）他们误把消防员当成怪物。

问：为什么一些困在失火大楼中的孩子会躲着戴面罩的消防员？

►解题思路：

①四项主语均为they，三项含有firefighters。

②三项含有否定词（cannot see，do not realize，cannot hear），一项含有表负面意义的词（mistake）。

结论：本题很可能考查救火中遇到的问题。听音时应首先弄清楚they的指代对象，并将听音重点放在see the firefighters、realize the danger、hear the firefighters、mistake...for monsters等词上。

►解析：文中说话人提到，在大火中，令消防员最为痛心的是有些孩子一看到戴面罩的消防员就躲起来，以为自己见到了怪物，这致使有些孩子因此不能获救。由此可知本题选D。

27. A) He travels all over America to help put out fires.

B) He often teaches children what to do during a fire.

C) He teaches Spanish in a San Francisco community.

D) He provides oxygen masks to children free of charge.

Q: What does the passage tell us about firefighter Eric Velez?

A）他到美国各地帮忙救火。

B）他经常教孩子们在失火时做什么。

C）他在旧金山一个社区里教授西班牙语。

D）他免费向孩子们提供氧气罩。

问：短文告诉了我们关于消防员埃里克·维莱斯的什么信息？

►解题思路：

①四项均以he开头，分别描述he的不同行为。

②两项含有teaches，两项含有children。

③三项含有与火灾有关的词（put out fires，during a fire，oxygen masks）。

结论：本题考查he的行为，可能与教小孩火灾自救知识有关。听音重点为travels、teaches children、teaches Spanish、provides oxygen masks等。

►解析：本文介绍了埃里克·维莱斯给社区里的孩子讲解消防知识，告诉他们火灾来临时不应躲藏，并让孩子们认识和试戴消防装备，故选B。A项put out fire是埃里克·维莱斯的工作，本文并没有说他到美国各地去救火，故排除。文中提到，在旧金山长大的维莱斯跟他的移民父母学会了西班牙语，他经常用英语和西班牙语进行演讲，但并未提到他在旧金山社区里教授西班牙语，也未提到他免费为孩子们发放氧气罩，故排除C和D。

28.  A) He saved the life of his brother choking on food.

B) He rescued a student from a big fire.

C) He is very good at public speaking.

D) He gives informative talks to young children.

Q: What do we learn about Pete Gentry?

A）他救了因进食噎着差点窒息的弟弟。

B）他从大火中救出了一名学生。

C）他很擅长公众演讲。

D）他给小孩子们作教育性演讲。

问：关于皮特·金特里，我们了解到了什么信息？

►解题思路：

①四项均以he开头，分别描述he的四种不同的行为。

②两项含有与救护有关的词汇（saved，rescued）。

结论：本题很可能考查he的救护行为。听音时应先弄清楚he的指代对象，并将听音重点放在saved the life of his brother、rescued a student、public speaking、gives informative talks上。

►解析：短文后半部分举了一个例子，说明了埃里克·维莱斯给孩子们讲解急救知识所带来的影响。用他演讲中教授的方法，北卡罗来纳州的皮特·金特里救了因噎着食物差点窒息的弟弟，故本题选A。

29. A) Firefighters play an important role in America.

B) Kids should learn not to be afraid of monsters.

C) Carelessness can result in tragedies.

D) Informative speeches can save lives.

Q: What message is the speaker trying to convey?

A）消防员们在美国起着重要的作用。

B）孩子们应当学会不要害怕怪物。

C）粗心能造成悲剧。

D）教育性演讲能拯救生命。

问：说话者试图要表达什么信息？

►解题思路：四个选项的内容关联度不高，分别提到了firefighters、kids、carelessness和informative speeches，可推测该题是对文章主旨的考查。

►解析：短文用两个例子证明了教育性演讲能够帮助人们在危难时刻挽救他人的生命或自救。虽然短文最后也提到了教育性演讲的其他好处，但主要还是说它能挽救生命，故本题选D。

Passage Two

听力原文&译文

［30］Some people want to make and save a lot of money in order to retire early. I see people pursuing higher paying and increasingly demanding careers to accomplish this goal. They make many personal sacrifices in exchange for income today. The problem is that tomorrow might not come. Even if all goes according to plan, will you know how to be happy when you are not working if you spend your entire life making money? More importantly, who will be around for you to share your leisure time with?［31］At the other extreme are people who live only for today. Why bother saving when I might not be here tomorrow, they argue. The danger of this approach is that tomorrow may come after all. And most people don't want to spend all their tomorrows working for a living.［31］The earlier neglect of saving, however, makes it difficult not to work when you are older.［32］You may be surprised to hear me say that if you must pick an extreme I think it's better to pick the spend-all approach. As long as you don't mind continuing to work, assuming your health allows, you should be OK. At least, you are making use of your money, and hopefully deriving value and pleasure from it.［32］Postponing doing what you love and being with people you love until retirement can be a mistake. It may never come. Retirement can be a great time for some people. For others, it is a time of boredom, loneliness and poor health.

［30］为了早点退休，一些人想要多挣很多钱而且攒很多钱。我看到人们为了达到这个目标，不断追求那些收入高同时要求也越来越高的职业。今天，他们为了换取高收入做了很多个人牺牲。但问题是，美好的明天也许不会到来。即使一切如期而至，如果你把全部生命都花在赚钱上，当你不再工作的时候，你还会知道如何去快乐吗？更重要的是，谁将和你一起分享你的闲暇时光呢？［31］处于另外一种极端状况之下的是那些只活在当下的人。他们认为，既然明天我也许不在这个世界上了，为何今天还要为存钱而苦恼？这种做法的危险在于明天也许终会到来。而且，大部分人都不想为了生存把未来所有的时间都花在工作上。然而，［31］年轻时不注意攒钱，当你年龄大的时候想不工作都难。［32］如果必须要选择一种极端的生活方式，我认为选择“今朝有酒今朝醉”的方式更好，我这么说你也许会感到惊讶。只要你不介意在健康允许的条件下持续工作，那就无所谓。至少你正在利用自己赚的钱，并且希望从中获取价值与乐趣。［32］推迟到退休才做你喜欢做的事、才与你所爱的人在一起也许会是一个错误。它也许永远不会到来。退休对有些人而言意味着美好的时光；而对另外一些人来说，退休却意味着无聊、孤独和身体欠佳。

整体预测

快速浏览各题选项，根据其中的关键词satisfy the needs、make money for early retirement、personal worth、continue to work、making wise use of time、enjoying等推测，该短文很可能谈论的是与工作的目的或实现个人价值有关的话题，具体细节需要进一步分析各个选项。

30. A) To satisfy the needs of their family.

B) To fully realize their potential.

C) To make money for early retirement.

D) To gain a sense of their personal worth.

Q: Why do some people pursue higher paying but demanding careers?

A）满足他们家庭的需求。

B）充分发挥他们的潜能。

C）为了早点退休而挣钱。

D）为了体验个人价值。

问：为什么一些人追求收入高但要求也高的职业？

►解题思路：

①四项都是不定式短语，可推断该题可能对目的进行提问。

②三项含有与满足需求或获得某物有关的词（satisfy，realize，gain）。

结论：本题考查某人做某事的目的，可能与满足需求或者获得某物有关。听音重点为satisfy the needs、realize their potential、early retirement以及personal worth。

►解析：短文一开始就提到，为了早点退休，有些人想要多挣钱并且多攒钱，为此，他们不断地追逐那些高薪但要求也越来越苛刻的职业，故本题选C。

31.  A) They may have to continue to work in old age.

B) They may regret the time they wasted.

C) They may have nobody to depend on in the future.

D) They may have fewer job opportunities.

Q: What is the danger facing people who live only for today?

A）他们也许在年老时也不得不继续工作。

B）他们也许会后悔虚度的时光。

C）他们未来也许会无人可依靠。

D）他们也许有更少的工作机会。

问：只活在当下的人面临什么危险？

►解题思路：

①四项主语均为they。

②四项均含有情态动词may，均表示某种可能。

③四项所述内容均带有一定的负面色彩（have to，regret，have nobody to depend on，have fewer job opportunities）。

结论：根据选项内容推测本题考查某件事可能对they带来的不良影响。

►解析：本题问只为当下而活的人面临着什么危险。短文提到，有些人只为当下而活，在年轻的时候忽略攒钱，但是这样做的后果很可能是年纪大了之后还不得不去工作，故本题选A。

32. A) Making wise use of your time.

B) Enjoying yourself while you can.

C) Saving as much as you can.

D) Working hard and playing hard.

Q: What does the speaker seem to advocate?

A）合理利用你的时间。

B）在能享受生活的时候享受生活。

C）尽可能地多攒钱。

D）努力工作，尽情玩乐。

问：说话者似乎在提倡什么？

►解题思路：

①四项均为动名词短语，该题可能考查建议。

②两项提到you，一项含有your。

结论：you一般指的是听众，该题可能是对听众所提的建议。听音重点为time、enjoying yourself、saving、working以及playing。

►解析：说话人在短文结尾提到，等到退休才去做想做的事，才与所爱的人在一起也许是一个错误，它或许永远都不会发生。对有些人而言，退休是种享受；而对另一些人来说，退休则意味着无聊、孤独和身体欠佳。可见说话人主张及时享受生活，故选B。

Passage Three

听力原文&译文

［33］Imagine that someone in your neighborhood broke the law, and the judge put the whole neighborhood under suspicion. How fair would that be? Well, it happens every day to high schoolers. Just because some students have stolen things in shops, all of us are treated like thieves, even though I'd never steal.

Store employees looked at me like I'm some kind of hardened criminal.［34］For example, during one lunch period, my friend Denny and I went to the Graben Gore Restaurant to have a hot dog. We arrived to find a line of students waiting outside. A new sign in the window told the story. "No more than two students at a time". After 15 minutes, we finally got in. But the store manager laid the evil eye on us. I asked him about the new sign, and he said, "You kids are stealing too much stuff." You kids? Too much stuff? We were not only assumed to be thieves, but brilliant, greedy thieves!

The most annoying thing though, is the way employees watch my friend and me. It's horrible.［35］Once, at a drug store, I was looking around and found a guy standing on a large box, stocking the shelves. He was watching my hands, more than he was watching his own. I showed him that my hands were empty. He got down off his box and rushed off, as if he was going to get the store manager. How crazy is that!

［33］想象一下你的邻居中有人犯了法，法官视整个社区的人为怀疑对象。这样能有多公平？然而，这样的事每天都发生在高中生的身上。只是因为有些学生在商店偷了东西，我们所有人都被当成贼来对待，即使我永远都不会去偷东西。

店员看我的眼神就像我是某种惯犯一样。［34］例如，一次午饭时间，我和朋友丹尼去格拉本·戈尔餐厅吃热狗。我们到的时候发现一队学生正在外面等候。橱窗上的新指示牌“一次最多两名学生”解释了这个现象。15分钟后，我们终于进去了。但餐厅经理以恶毒的眼神看着我们。我问他新指示牌的事，他说：“你们这些小子偷太多东西了。”你们这些小子？太多东西？我们不但被看做是小偷，而且还是狡猾、贪婪的小偷！

但最令人生气的是店员看我和我朋友时的眼神。太可恶了。［35］有一次在一家杂货店，我环顾四周，发现一个家伙正站在一个大箱子上，往货架上摆放东西。他看着我的手的时候比看他自己的手都多。我给他看我的手是空的。他从箱子上下来，急忙跑走了，好像是要去找店铺经理。多疯狂啊！

整体预测

快速浏览各题选项，根据其中的关键词students、cheating、law-breakers、being suspected、restaurant、was taken to the manager、closely watched推测，该短文很可能与学生作弊或者触犯法律等有关，具体细节需要进一步分析各个选项。

33. A) Hardworking students being accused of cheating.

B) Boy students being often treated as law-breakers.

C) Innocent people being suspected groundlessly.

D) Junior employees being made to work overtime.

Q: What does the speaker find to be unfair?

A）学习努力的学生被指责作弊。

B）男学生经常被看做是违法者。

C）无辜的人无缘无故被怀疑。

D）低级雇员被迫加班。

问：说话者发现什么是不公平的？

►解题思路：

①四项均为表示人的名词短语，且定语成分均为被动语态。

②四项均含有表示负面意义的词（cheating，law-breakers，suspected，being made to work overtime）。

结论：本题很可能考查某人的遭遇，需注意区分各个主语及其对应的事件。

►解析：本题问“说话者发现什么是不公平的？”对应文章开头的内容，开头直接提出一个问题——“想象一下你的邻居中有人犯了法，法官视整个社区的人为怀疑对象，这样能有多公平？”之后接着说因为有些学生在商店偷了东西，其他学生便经常被当成小偷，这样的事几乎每天都发生。由此推断，说话人所谈的不公平实际上指的是无辜的人无缘无故被怀疑这件事，故本题选C。

34. A) Forbidding students to take food out of the restaurant.

B) Requesting customers to pay before taking the food.

C) Asking customers to leave their bags on the counters.

D) Allowing only two students to enter at a time.

Q: What measure did the Graben Gore Restaurant take to stop stealing?

A）禁止学生把食物带出餐厅。

B）要求顾客用餐前先交费。

C）要求顾客把包放在柜台上。

D）一次只允许两名学生进入。

问：为了防盗，格拉本·戈尔餐厅采取了什么措施？

►解题思路：

①四项均以动名词开头，两项含有表示要求的词（requesting，asking）。

②两项含有与就餐有关的词汇（food，restaurant）。

③两项含有表示顾客的词（customers），两项含有students。

结论：本题考查的内容很可能与餐馆或商店对顾客的要求有关，顾客对象很可能是学生。

►解析：文中的第一个小故事讲述了说话人与好友去餐馆吃饭的事，他们发现餐馆的窗户上贴了一个“一次最多两名学生”的告示，由此可见，为了防盗，格拉本·戈尔餐厅规定每次只允许最多两名学生入内就餐，故本题选D。

35. A) He was taken to the manager.

B) He was closely watched.

C) He was asked to leave.

D) He was overcharged.

Q: What happened in a drug store that greatly annoyed the speaker?

A）他被带到了经理那儿。

B）他被密切监视。

C）他被要求离开。

D）杂货店多收了他的钱。

问：杂货店里发生的什么事令说话者恼火之极？

►解题思路：

①四项主语均为he。

②四项均为被动结构，且均含有表示负面意义的词（was taken to the manager，was closely watched，was asked to leave，was overcharged）。

结论：本题可能考查的是he的遭遇或不公平待遇。

►解析：短文中的第二个小故事讲的是说话人去杂货店的经历：当他在杂货店里环顾四周时，发现一个店员一直盯着他的手，这让他很恼火，故本题选B。

Section C

听力原文&译文

Writing keeps us in touch with other people. We write to communicate with relatives and friends. We write to［36］preserve our family histories so our children and grandchildren can learn and［37］appreciate their heritage (传统). With computers and Internet connections in so many［38］households, colleges, and businesses, people are e-mailing friends and relatives all the time—or talking to them in writing in online［39］chat rooms. It is cheaper than calling long distance, and a lot more［40］convenient than waiting until Sunday for the telephone［41］rates to drop. Students are e-mailing their professors to［42］receive and discuss their classroom assignments and to［43］submit them. They are e-mailing classmates to discuss and collaborate (合作) on homework.［44］They are also sharing information about concerts and sports events, as well as jokes and their philosophies of life.

Despite the growing importance of computers, however, there will always be a place and need for the personal letter.［45］A hand-written note to a friend or a family member is the best way to communicate important thoughts. No matter what the content of the messag, its real point is, "I want you to know that I care about you."［46］This writing practice brings rewards that can't be seen in bank accounts, but only in the success of human relationships.

写信使我们与其他人保持联系。我们写信是为了和亲朋好友交流，为了［36］保存家族历史，以便子孙后代能够了解和［37］重视家族传统。［38］家庭、大学院校以及企业都普及了电脑和网络，人们可以随时给亲朋好友发电子邮件，或者到在线［39］聊天室打字和他们聊天。这比打长途电话要便宜，也比等到星期天电话［41］费变低时再打［40］方便多了。学生给他们的教授发送电子邮件，用来［42］接收、讨论和［43］提交课堂作业。他们也给同学发送电子邮件，相互探讨、合作完成家庭作业。［44］他们还分享音乐会和体育赛事信息、笑话以及生活哲学。

尽管电脑的重要性越来越高，总会有需要私人信件的地方。［45］给朋友或家人手写一封短笺是交流重要思想的最好方法。不管信息的内容是什么，其真正意义在于，“我想让你知道我很在乎你。”［46］这种方法带来的回报不会体现在银行账户上，而只会体现在成功的人际关系之上。

Part IV　Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)

Section A

是什么决定了你是怎样的人？是什么因素决定你有多勇敢、多聪明和能看懂地图？所有这些都取决于你的基因与［47］生长环境之间的相互作用。研究基因与环境是如何相互作用来影响人类［48］心理活动的科学被称为行为遗传学。行为遗传学提供了生物特性对思想、大脑和行为的影响程度的相关信息，为生物革命做出了重要的［49］贡献。

人类做出某些行为的［50］能力建立在生物特性之上——任何暗示此类结论的研究都是有争议的。谁愿意被告知，自己所能［51］达到的成就是有限的，而这些限制却源于一些你无法控制的事物，比如基因？人们很容易接受这样的观点：基因控制着诸如性别、种族和眼睛的颜色之类的身体特征。但是，基因也能够决定人们是否会离婚、他们有多［52］聪明或者他们可能会选择哪种职业吗？心理学家关心的问题是，先天因素与后天培养、基因构成与环境塑造在何种［53］程度上影响着人类的这些特性。越来越多的科学研究［54］表明，基因是决定人类诸多特性的基础。从这个角度上看，刚出生的人［55］在本质上就像一张未冲洗出来的照片：照片是已经拍好了的，但它［56］最终呈现出来的方式会因冲洗过程的不同而发生变化。然而，基本的图像却是从一开始就定好了的。

47. M

语法判断：空格前为were，故空格处应填形容词或者动词的分词形式。

语义判断：符合语法条件的选项有displayed、psychological、raised、smart四项。分析句子可知，空格处所在的句子是定语从句，将其还原为陈述句为：You were ______ in the environment. display意为“显示，陈列”，psychological意为“心理上的”，raised意为“养育，抚养”，smart意为“聪明的”。从意义上判断，四个选项中只有raised符合句意，the environment in which you were raised意为“你长大的环境”。

48. L

语法判断：空格前为动词influence，后为名词activity，故空格处应填形容词修饰名词。

语义判断：符合语法条件的形容词只有psychological和smart两项。而psychological activity是固定用法，意为“心理活动”，故选L。

49. E

语法判断：空格前为形容词important，故空格处应填名词。而空格所在短语为made important ______ to，故所填词应与空格前后构成搭配。

语义判断：备选的名词中，只有contributions能与make...to构成make contributions to的固定搭配，意为“为……做贡献”，故选E。

50. A

语法判断：分析题干可知，空格所在部分是that引导的宾语从句，作suggest的宾语。为分析空格处的成分特征，可将这个宾语从句单独列出：______ to perform certain behaviors are based in biology.由此可以看出，空格处在这句话中作主语，to perform certain behaviors为后置定语，因为系动词是are，故空格处应填名词的复数形式。

语义判断：备选的名词有abilities、complaints和proceeds三项。abilities to...意为“做……的能力”，符合句意；而complaint意为“抱怨”，proceeds意为“收入，收益”，均不符合句意。故本题选A。

51. B

语法判断：空格前为助动词can，故空格处应填动词原形。

语义判断：备选的动词原形有achieve和appeal两项。achieve意为“达到”，appeal意为“呼吁”。分别代入空格处所在的句子there are limitations to what you can ______后发现，achieve更符合句意。该句的意思是“你所能达到的成就是有限的”。

52. N

语法判断：空格所在处为how ______ they are，故空格处应填形容词。

语义判断：备选的形容词只剩smart一项，表示“聪明的，机智的”，符合句意，故选N。

53. I

语法判断：空格前为定冠词the，故空格处应填名词。分析整句话可知，the ______ to which all of these characteristics are influenced by...充当上文中is的表语，而which引导了一个定语从句，which指代的是the ______。可见，the ______必须与to搭配，构成短语to the ______。

语义判断：备选的五个名词appeal、complaints、extent、proceeds和standard中，只有extent能构成短语to the extent，意为“到……程度”，符合句意。故本题选I。

54. J

语法判断：分析句子成分可知，空格所在句缺少谓语，又因该句主语为science，故谓语应为第三人称单数形式。

语义判断：符合语法条件的只有indicates和proceeds两项。分析句意可知，science为主语，而that后的句子是science（科学研究）所得出的结论。两个选项中，indicate意为“表明，显示”，符合句意；而proceed意为“从事；进行”，不符合句意。

55. G

语法判断：空格所在的句子结构完整，且空格前为谓语部分are born，后为介词短语，故应填入副词作状语。

语义判断：备选的副词只有essentially和eventually两项。结合句意可知，本句将刚出生的人类比作未冲洗的照片，二者在某些方面有相似之处。essentially意为“本质上；基本上”，符合句意，故选G。

56. H

语法判断：空格前为主语it，后为动词appears，故空格处应填入副词修饰谓语动词。

语义判断：备选的副词只剩eventually一项，意为“最终，最后”，符合句意，故选H。

Section B

Passage One

［57］这几乎是一条单行道。尽管大学的研究人员到商界碰运气的情况可能很常见，但相反的情况却不常见。［58］工资问题一直都是最大的障碍，因为如果转行去大学任职，拖家带口的人常常会觉得无法承受工资上的落差。然而，对某些产业科学家而言，学术界的吸引力却重于任何经济方面的考量。

海伦·李辞去了雅培公司的高级职位，到剑桥大学医学系工作，工资减少了70％。［59］她在职业生涯中期重返学术界的主要原因是，在学校里，她有更大的自由来选择研究课题。有些研究领域几乎无法带来商业回报，而李的研究领域就是其中之一。

对于那些刚刚开始职业生涯的科学家而言，工资的减少带给他们的影响可能没那么严重。［60］盖伊·格兰特现在是剑桥大学联合利华分子信息学中心的助理研究员；在回到大学担任博士后研究员以前，他曾在一家制药公司工作过两年。虽然现在的工资比之前少了30％，但他认为这是值得的，因为他拥有了更多施展才智的机会。

根据李的说法，通常，在职业阶梯上爬得越高，薪酬下降所带来的影响就越大，对经验丰富的产业科学家的需求正在迫使大学做出一些调整，以使（从商界）转行学术界更有吸引力。产业科学家们一般都曾接受过大学教师没有受过的培训，比如如何建立一个多学科工作小组，如何管理预算，如何进行合同谈判等。［61］李说，当这些人担任大学教授时，他们给教学带来了一些额外的东西——可能是生产实践或产品研发过程中的经验等，而这些将对学生毕业后找工作有帮助。“只有一小部分大学毕业生会继续从事学术研究。所以，与那些把所有时间都用在狭隘的研究项目上的学生相比，那些毕业时已经掌握了在产业实验室工作所需要的技能的学生在就业市场上更有潜力。”

【说明文：部分产业科学家返校任职】

第1段：尽管薪酬下降，一些产业科学家仍愿意重返大学从事研究工作。

第2段：举例说明产业科学家返回大学任职的原因之一——有更多的学术研究自由。

第3段：对于处在职业生涯初期的科学家而言，工资减少的影响没那么严重。

第4段：产业科学家返回大学任职给学校及学生带来的好处。

57. By "a one-way street" (Line 1, Para. 1), the author means ______.

A) university researchers know little about the commercial world

B) there is little exchange between industry and academia

C) few industrial scientists would quit to work in a university

D) few university professors are willing to do industrial research

通过“单行道”（第一段，第一行）这一短语，作者想要表达的意思是______。

A）大学研究人员对商界了解甚少

B）产业和学术界之间的交流甚少

C）几乎没有产业科学家愿意辞职去大学工作

D）几乎没有大学教授愿意做产业研究

►定位：由题干中的Line 1, Para. 1可将答案定位到第一段前两句。

►解析：本题问作者想通过第一段第一句话中的“单行道”表达什么意思。单由第一句话“这几乎是一条单行道”是得不出答案的，必须结合第二句的内容才可推断出答案。第二句说道，“尽管大学的研究人员到商界碰运气的情况可能很常见，但相反的情况却不常见”，而“单行道”本来就指“只能从一个方向向另一个方向行进，反之则不行”，文中显然是用“单行道”来指大学研究人员会投身商界，但产业科学家却很少愿意回学校教书这一现象。由此可知，答案应为C。选项D“几乎没有大学教授愿意做产业研究”和原文表达的意思相反，故排除。选项A和B文中并没有提及，故排除。

58. The word "deterrent" (Line 2, Para 1) most probably refers to something that ______.

A) keeps someone from taking action

B) helps to move the traffic

C) attracts people's attention

D) brings someone a financial burden

单词“deterrent”（第一段，第二行）最有可能是指______的事物。

A）阻止某人采取行动

B）帮助交通运行

C）吸引人们的注意力

D）给某人带来经济负担

►定位：由题干中的Line 2, Para. 1可将答案定位到第一段第二行。

►解析：本题问deterrent一词在文中最可能指什么，同样要根据上下文对其进行推断。deterrent一词所在句的意思是“工资问题一直都是最大的deterrent，因为如果转行到大学任职，拖家带口的人常常会觉得无法承受工资上的落差”。既然无法接受工资上的落差，那么工资问题应该是他们不愿意重回学校教书的阻碍，结合选项可知，正确答案为A，deterrent是“阻止某人采取行动”的事物。deterrent一词意为“妨碍物”，如果考生认识这个词的话本题就会很容易。

59. What was Helen Lee's major consideration when she changed her job in the middle of her career?

A) Flexible work hours.

B) Her research interests.

C) Her preference for the lifestyle on campus.

D) Prospects of academic accomplishments.

在海伦·李职业生涯中期，她换工作时的主要考虑是什么？

A）灵活的工作时间。

B）她的研究兴趣。

C）她对校园生活方式的偏爱。

D）在学术成就上的前景。

►定位：根据题干信息词Helen Lee's major consideration将答案定位到第二段第二句。

►解析：本题问当海伦·李在职业生涯中期换工作时，她的主要考虑是什么。第二段第二句指出，海伦·李之所以在职业生涯中期重返学术界，主要是因为她在学校里有更大的自由来选择研究课题。这表明她是因为研究兴趣而换的工作，故本题选B。

60. Guy Grant chose to work as a researcher at Cambridge in order to ______.

A) do financially more rewarding work

B) raise his status in the academic world

C) enrich his experience in medical research

D) exploit better intellectual opportunities

盖伊·格兰特选择在剑桥大学当研究员的目的是______。

A）做一份经济回报更多的工作

B）提高自己在学术界的地位

C）丰富自己的医学研究经验

D）利用能发挥才智的更好机会

►定位：根据题干信息词Guy Grant将答案定位到文章第三段第二至三句。

►解析：本题问盖伊·格兰特选择在剑桥大学当研究员是为了什么。第三段第二至三句都是在讲盖伊·格兰特的情况。第三段第二句指出盖伊·格兰特现在在剑桥大学当助理研究员。第三句指出，“虽然现在的工资比之前少了30％，但他认为这是值得的，因为他拥有了更多施展才智的机会”。所以他去剑桥大学当研究员是为了更好地发挥自己的才智，这与选项D所述一致，故答案为D。A项明显不正确，因为文中多次提到，回到学校就职会使工资有所减少。选项B和C文中没有提到，故排除。

61. What contribution can industrial scientists make when they come to teach in a university?

A) Increase its graduates' competitiveness in the job market.

B) Develop its students' potential in research.

C) Help it to obtain financial support from industry.

D) Gear its research towards practical applications.

当产业科学家到大学教学时，他们能为学校做出什么贡献？

A）提高学校毕业生在就业市场上的竞争力。

B）开发学生的研究潜能。

C）帮助学校获得产业经济支持。

D）把学校的研究推向实际应用。

►定位：根据题干信息词industrial scientists以及题目顺序基本与行文顺序一致的原则可将答案定位到文章末段Lee的观点处。

►解析：本题问产业科学家在大学教书能为学校做出什么贡献。在文章最后一段，李提到了industrial scientists到大学任职后的主要贡献，即“他们给教学带来了一些额外的东西——可能是生产实践或产品研发过程中的经验等，而这些将对学生毕业后找工作有帮助”，结合选项可知，选项A正确。其他三项文中均未提及，故排除。

Passage Two

乐于交际似乎是增加寿命的一个好方法。与家人、朋友、邻居甚至是宠物之间的关系都能达到延年益寿的效果，［62］但最有效的增寿之法似乎来自于婚姻或与其类似的关系。1858年，威廉·法尔首次发现了婚姻的这一作用。他在文章中指出，与有配偶的人相比，寡妇和鳏夫的死亡风险更高。之后的研究还表明，婚姻能使男性的寿命延长七年，能使女性寿命延长两年。这一作用对死亡的各种起因，不管是疾病、事故还是自我伤害都适用。

即使情况对你很不利，婚姻也能大大弥补。［63］芝加哥大学的琳达·韦特发现，患有心脏病的有配偶的老年男士会比独身、没有心脏病的男士多活将近四年的时间。同样，每天抽烟超过一包的有配偶男士，也可能与那些不吸烟的离婚男士寿命相当。［64］但事情也有相反的一面：当配偶去世后，另一方在随后的几年里得病或去世的几率更高；照料患有精神疾病的配偶也可能导致另一方患上同样严重的精神问题。即便如此，婚姻还是好处更多。［65］哈佛大学医学院的尼古拉斯·查里斯塔基斯用30年的时间对一万多人进行了研究，并记下了各种社会关系网如何发挥着与此类似的功效。

那么，它是如何起作用的呢？其作用相当复杂，并且受到社会经济因素、医疗保健水平、情感支持，以及其他偏生理机能的因素等的影响。例如，社交接触能促进大脑发育，增强免疫系统，使人更加健康，并且降低老年时得抑郁症的几率。有人支持的人可以更好地应对压力。而且，配偶的支持对心理健康也有很大的好处。

［66］如果你想活到100岁，那么建议你拥有人生伴侣、孩子以及好朋友。最终的社交关系网仍未定型，但查里斯塔基斯说：“人与人之间是彼此关联的，因此其健康也彼此相关。”

【说明文：婚姻等社会关系有助于延长人的寿命】

第1段：社会交际尤其是婚姻有助于延长人的寿命。

第2段：举例证明婚姻确实有延长寿命的功效。

第3段：各种社会关系都有相似的作用，但受多种因素影响。

第4段：再次强调人际关系会延长一个人的寿命。

62. William Farr's study and other studies show that ______.

A) social life provides an effective cure for illness

B) being sociable helps improve one' s quality of life

C) women benefit more than men from marriage

D) marriage contributes a great deal to longevity

威廉·法尔的研究及其他研究表明______。

A）社交生活对治疗疾病起积极效果

B）喜爱交际有助于提高一个人的生活质量

C）女性从婚姻中得到的益处比男性更多

D）婚姻非常利于长寿

►定位：根据题干信息词William Farr's study将答案定位到文章首段。

►解析：本题问威廉·法尔的研究以及其他研究表明了什么。文章第一段首先指出，最有效的增寿之法似乎是婚姻或与其类似的关系，接着提到1858年，威廉·法尔首先发现了这一作用：“他在文章中指出，与有配偶的人相比，寡妇和鳏夫的死亡风险更高。之后的研究还表明，婚姻能使男性寿命延长七年的时间，能使女性寿命延长两年。”由此可知，威廉·法尔的研究以及其他研究表明婚姻可以延长一个人的寿命，故本题选D。选项A错在文中并没有提到社交生活能够有效治愈疾病；选项B错在文中只提到“乐于交际似乎是增加寿命的一个好方法”，并没有说乐于交际能提高生活质量；选项C与文章内容正好相反，均排除。

63. Linda Waite's studies support the idea that ______.

A) older men should quit smoking to stay healthy

B) marriage can help make up for ill health

C) the married are happier than the unmarried

D) unmarried people are likely to suffer in later life

琳达·韦特的研究支持的观点是______。

A）为了保持健康，老年人应该戒烟

B）婚姻有助于弥补身体上的不健康

C）结婚的人比没有结婚的人更幸福

D）没有结婚的人晚年可能遭受痛苦

►定位：根据题干信息词Linda Waite's studies将答案定位到文章第二段。

►解析：本题问琳达·韦特的研究支持什么观点。文章第二段第一句提到，婚姻能大大弥补不利情况，之后又说琳达·韦特发现，患有心脏病的有配偶老年男士会比独身、没有心脏病的男士多活将近四年的时间。同样，每天抽烟超过一包的有配偶男士，也可能与那些不吸烟的离婚男士寿命相当。由此可知，琳达·韦特的研究表明婚姻能够弥补身体的不健康，故本题选B。选项B中的make up for与原文中的compensate属于同义替换。A、C、D三项文中均未提及，故排除。

64. It can be inferred from the context that the "flip side" (Line 4, Para. 2) refers to ______.

A) the disadvantages of being married

B) the emotional problems arising from marriage

C) the responsibility of taking care of one's family

D) the consequence of a broken marriage

从文中我们可以推断“反面”（第二段，第四行）指的是______。

A）婚姻的不利因素

B）婚姻导致的感情问题

C）照顾家庭的责任

D）婚姻破裂的后果

►定位：根据题干信息词Line 4, Para. 2将答案定位到文章第二段第四行。

►解析：本题属于猜测词义题，要根据上下文的意思进行判断。在flip side之后，有一个however，由此可知，此句的意思应与前文相反。flip side之后提到“当配偶去世后，另一方在随后的几年里得病或去世的几率更高；照料患有精神疾病的配偶也可能导致另一方患上同样严重的精神问题”，这明显是婚姻带来的不利影响，由此可知答案为A。flip side的原意是“唱片的另一面”，在本文中指代婚姻的不利因素。

65. What does the author say about social networks?

A) They have effects similar to those of a marriage.

B) They help develop people's community spirit.

C) They provide timely support for those in need.

D) They help relieve people of their life's burdens.

关于“社会关系网”，作者说了什么信息？

A）它们有与婚姻类似的功效。

B）它们有助于培养人们的社会团体精神。

C）它们及时为需要帮助的人提供支持。

D）它们有助于减轻人们的生活负担。

►定位：根据题干信息词social networks将答案定位到文章第二段最后一句。

►解析：本题问关于“社会关系网”，作者说了什么。第二段最后一句提到，“哈佛大学医学院的尼古拉斯·查里斯塔基斯用30年的时间对一万多人进行了研究，并记下了各种社会关系网如何发挥着与此类似的功效”，此处的“与此类似的功效”就是指与婚姻类似的功效，因为第二段前面一直在讲婚姻的作用，由此可知选项A为正确答案。

66. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?

A) It's important that we develop a social network when young.

B) To stay healthy, one should have a proper social network.

C) Getting a divorce means risking a reduced life span.

D) We should share our social networks with each other.

我们可以从最后一段推断出什么？

A）我们年轻时建立社会关系网是很重要的。

B）为了保持健康，人应该拥有一个合适的社会关系网。

C）离婚意味着冒寿命减少的危险。

D）我们应该相互分享各自的社会关系网。

►定位：根据题干信息词the last paragraph将答案定位到文章最后一段。

►解析：本题问由最后一段我们可以推断出什么，需要通读并理解最后一段。最后一段首先指出，“如果你想活到100岁，那么建议你拥有人生伴侣、孩子以及好朋友。”接着又说“人与人之间是彼此关联的，因此其健康也彼此相关”，而且整篇文章都是在阐述社会关系网会延长人的寿命，最后一段正是在总结这一主旨，故选项B“为了保持健康，人应该拥有一个合适的社会关系网”为正确答案。

Part V　Cloze

现在，世界上一半以上的人口都生活在城市。根据联合国人居署本周发布的最新“全球人类居住区报告”，这一情况在去年发生了重大变化。

一个世纪以前，全球总人口不到5％生活在城市。到本世纪中叶，城市人口可能会达到总人口的70％，几乎有65亿人。

发达国家已经有四分之三的人口生活在城市。目前大部分的城市人口增长是在发展中国家。

城市化能够推动社会和经济的进步，但同时也给城市提供住房和服务施加了压力。根据这份最新报告，每天有将近20万人迁入城镇。报告也指出，除非城市规划得更好，否则由社会分化和贫富差距引起的日益严重的不平等，会导致暴力和犯罪。

另一个问题就是城市的无序扩张。城市向农村地区扩张的速度有时候甚至比城市人口增长的速度快很多。

无序扩张在美国很常见。美国人的流动性很强。堪萨斯大学的阿特·霍尔在一项最近的研究中发现，人们正从大城市迁移到小城市。他将其看做全美国的“逆城市化”趋势。

但是城市经济还是会提供农村地区不能提供的很多可能性。

第1～3段：介绍城市人口的增长状况。

第4段：城市化既促进社会和经济发展，同时也会带来多种问题。

第5～6段：具体阐述城市化所带来的无序扩张问题以及美国出现的“逆城市化”现象。

第7段：指出城市能提供农村所无法提供的机会。

67. D

语境分析：本空位于文章首段第三句。第二句指出，“全球人类住区报告”显示城市人口发生了巨大的改变。第三句则说，此报告由联合国的机构——联合国人居署于本周______。结合选项可知，此处要表达“发布，公布”之意，故选D。

词义分析：本题主要考查动词固定搭配：came on“开始；发展”；came off“举行；发生”；came over“顺便来访”；came out“发表，公布；出版”。

68. C

语境分析：本空位于第二段的第一句。本空前面的a century ago和第二句的the middle of this century提示我们，这里是将不同时期居住在城市的人口进行对比。由于后面强调的是本世纪中叶居住在城市的人口可能达到70％，故推测第一句想表达的是“一个世纪以前，只有不到5％的人口居住在城市”，四项中只有C项符合句意。

词义分析：四个选项都能与than搭配。more than“多于”；other than“除了；不同于”；less than“少于”；rather than“而不是”。

69. A

语境分析：本空位于第二段的第二句。结合上题的分析可知，该句是对本世纪中叶城市人口情况的推测。结合选项可知，此处应选by，表示“到……为止”。D项的to后接时间时，表示“在……之前”，如only two weeks to Christmas，意思是“离圣诞节只有两个星期”。其他两项不符合题意。

词义分析：by“到……为止”；through“通过”；along“沿着”；to“在……之前”。

70. D

语境分析：本空位于第二段的第二句。由空格前的or可知，此处是对seventy percent的同义转述，即讲的都是到本世纪中叶城市人口的数量之多。四个选项中只有D项符合题意，表示“将近，几乎”。

词义分析：really“真正地”；barely“仅仅；刚刚”；ever“曾经；究竟”；almost“将近，几乎”。

71. B

语境分析：本空位于第三段的第一句。由下一句出现的developing world可知，此处应选B，developed countries表示“发达国家”。这两句话是在将发达国家和发展中国家的城市化程度进行对比。

词义分析：flourishing“繁荣的”；developed“发达的”；thriving“兴旺的，繁荣的”；fertile“肥沃的，富饶的”。

72. D

语境分析：本空位于第三段的第二句。该句意为：“目前大部分城市人口______是在发展中国家”。四个选项都含有“增长”之意，但侧重点不同，只有growth能与urban population搭配，表示“人口增长”，故选D。由第五段出现的urban population growth也可得到提示，属于原词复现。

词义分析：extension“延期；扩大”；addition“添加；增加”；raise“上升”；growth“增长；发展”。

73. C

语境分析：本空位于第四段的第一句。本句意为：“城市化能______社会和经济进步……”，根据常识可推测，此处想表达的是“导致，推动”之意，四项中只有C项符合，lead to意为“导致；推动”。

词义分析：四个选项都能与to搭配。keep to“坚持，遵守”；turn to“转向；求助于；变成”；lead to“导致；推动”；refer to“涉及；参考”。

74. A

语境分析：本空位于第四段的第一句。这句出现了but一词，提示该空所在的句子与but前的内容是转折关系。but前面的句子指出了城市化的好处，因此but后应该讲的是城市化带来的问题，也就是城市化会给城市带来提供住房等的“压力”，故选A。

词义分析：pressure“压力”，put pressure on意为“给……施加压力”；load“负载，负荷”；restraint“限制，约束”；weight“重量，影响”，put weight on意为“强调，着重于”。

75. D

语境分析：本空仍位于第四段的第一句。结合上题的语境分析以及选项可知，本题应选services，意为“城市化会给城市带来提供住房和服务的压力”，其他三项均不符合题意。

词义分析：surroundings“环境”；communities“社区”；concerns“关注”；services“服务”。

76. B

语境分析：本空位于第四段的第二句。本句讲的是“全球人类住区报告”的结果，即“每天有将近二十万的人口迁入城镇”。结合选项可知，只有B符合题意，move into表示“搬入，迁入”。

词义分析：四个选项都能与move搭配。move onto“移到……上”；move into“搬入，迁入”；move around“走来走去，四处走动”；move upon“逼近”。

77. B

语境分析：本空位于第四段的第三句。by social divisions and differences in ______是inequalities的后置定语，此处想表达的是“由社会分化和______差异所引起的不平等”，四个选项中只有B符合题意，driven by意为“由……驱动；由……导致”。

词义分析：pulled“拉，拖”；driven“驱动，推动”；drawn“拉，引出”；pressed“压，按”。

78. B

语境分析：本空位于第四段的第三句。由上题的分析可知，differences in______（______差异）与social divisions（社会分化）是并列关系，结合选项可知，此处应选wealth，表示“贫富差异”。treasure也有“财富”之意，但它指的是储藏起来或搜集得来的财富，比较具体，不符合题意。其他两项均不符合题意。

词义分析：situation“情况；环境”；wealth“财富”；treasure“金银财宝，宝藏”；category“种类”。

79. C

语境分析：本空仍位于第四段的第三句。该句意为：“由社会分化和贫富差异造成的日益严重的不平等，可能会引起暴力和犯罪，______城市规划得更好”，结合选项可知，此处只能选C，unless引导否定的条件状语从句，意为“除非”，其他三项均不符合此题的逻辑关系。

词义分析：when“当……时”，引导时间状语从句；if“如果”，引导条件状语从句；unless“除非”，引导否定的条件状语从句，相当于if not；whereas“然而”，引导转折关系从句。

80. A

语境分析：本空位于第五段的第二句。第一句提到，“另一个问题是城市的无序扩展”。第二句则进一步说明这个问题：“也就是城市向农村迅速______”。四个选项中只有A符合题意，expand into表示“向……扩张”。

词义分析：expand“扩张”；split“劈开”；invade“侵略”；enlarge“扩大”。

81. D

语境分析：本空位于第五段的第二句。本题考查固定搭配，at a...rate意为“以……速度”，故选D。

词义分析：in“在……里”；beyond“超过”；with“用”；at“以（某种价格、速度等）”。

82. A

语境分析：本空位于第六段的第一句。由该段第二句Americans move a lot.可知，sprawl（无序扩张）在美国很普遍，故此处选A。

词义分析：common“普遍的，常见的”；conventional“传统的”；ordinary“普通的，平常的”；frequent“时常发生的”，更侧重于频率。

83. D

语境分析：本空位于第六段的第三句。由moving away from the ______ cities to smaller ones（从______城市离开，搬到更小的城市）可知，______ cities与smaller ones构成对比，故此处选D，major cities指“大城市”。

词义分析：essential“基本的；必要的”；prior“优先的；先前的”；primitive“原始的”；major“主要的”。

84. A

语境分析：本空位于第六段的第四句。本句是对第三句所述情况的总结，意思是“他（指阿特·霍尔）注意到美国出现了‘逆城市化’的______”。结合选项，此处应选A，trend表示“趋势”。

词义分析：trend“趋势”；style“风格；文体”；direction“方向；指导”；path“道路”。

85. B

语境分析：本空位于第七段的第一句。由四个选项可知，本题考查逻辑关系。第六段指出美国有“逆城市化”的趋势，而本空所在的句子说“城市能提供农村无法提供的______”，可知这里要说城市的优点，与前文是转折关系，故选B。

词义分析：then“那么；既然如此”；but“但是”；for“因为”；while“然而”。

86. C

语境分析：本空仍位于第七段的第一句。结合上题的分析及选项可知，此处应选C，意为“城市能提供农村无法提供的诸多可能性”。

词义分析：abilities“能力”；qualities“质量”；possibilities“可能性”；realities“现实”。

Part VI　Translation

87. To ensure his attendance at the meeting

【考查点】词汇：ensure

短语：In order to

【随学随练】______ (为了确保我们有一个可持续发展的未来), we need to protect the world's biodiversity.

88. is said to have been built / set up

【考查点】短语：be said to

【随学随练】The great man ______ (据说出生于) in a crude hut.

89. without / but for its unique environment

【考查点】词汇：unique

短语：but for / without ＋名词或动名词

【随学随练】There would be no economical progress ______ (没有和平和稳定的政治局面).

90. What impressed the tourists most

【考查点】短语：impress sb.

句型：what引导的主语从句

【随学随练】______ (给运动员们印象最深的) during their visit in China was the enthusiasm that Chinese people showed.

91. the book (that) I borrowed (should) be returned to the library / I (should) return the book (that) I borrowed to the library

【考查点】短语：return to

句型：request表示“要求”时，引导的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气

【随学随练】The English teacher requested that ______ (学生们花一个小时朗读从那本书中选出的课文) every morning.

大学英语四级考试

2011年6月真题

COLLEGE ENGLISH TEST

— Band Four —

试　题　册

注意事项

一、将自己的校名、姓名、准考证号写在答题卡1和答题卡2上。将本试卷代号划在答题卡2上。

二、试卷册、答题卡1和答题卡2均不得带出考场。考试结束，监考员收卷后考生才可离开。

三、仔细读懂题目的说明。

四、在30分钟内做完答题卡1上的作文题。30分钟后，考生按指令启封试题册，在接着的15分钟内完成快速阅读理解部分的试题。然后监考员收取答题卡1，考生在答题卡2上完成其余部分的试题。全部答题时间为125分钟，不得拖延时间。

五、考生必须在答题卡上作答，凡是写在试题册上的答案一律无效。

六、多项选择题每题只能选一个答案；如多选，则该题无分。选定答案后，用HB-2B浓度的铅笔在相应字母的中部划一条横线。

正确方法是：［A］［C］［D］。

使用其他符号答题者不给分。划线要有一定的粗度，浓度要盖过字母底色。

七、如果要改动答案，必须先用橡皮擦净原来选定的答案，然后再按规定重新答题。

八、在考试过程中要注意对自己的答案保密。若被他人抄袭，一经发现，后果自负。

Part I　Writing　(30 minutes)

Directions：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Online Shopping. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below:

1．现在网上购物已成为一种时尚

2．网上购物有很多好处，但也有不少问题

3．我的建议

Online Shopping

Part II　Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)　(15 minutes)

Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.

British Cuisine: the Best of Old and New

British cuisine (烹饪) has come of age in recent years as chefs (厨师) combine the best of old and new.

Why does British food have a reputation for being so bad? Because it is bad! Those are not the most encouraging words to hear just before eating lunch at one of Hong Kong's smartest British restaurants, Alfie's by KEE, but head chef Neil Tomes has more to say.

"The past 15 years or so have been a noticeable period of improvement for food in England," the English chef says, citing the trend in British cuisine for better ingredients, preparation and cooking methods, and more appealing presentation. Chefs such as Delia Smith, Nigel Slater, Jamie Oliver and Gordon Ramsay made the public realise that cooking—and eating—didn't have to be a boring thing. And now, most of the British public is familiar even with the extremes of Heston Blumenthal's molecular gastronomy, a form of cooking that employs scientific methods to create the perfect dish.

"It's no longer the case that the common man in England is embarrassed to show he knows about food," Tomes says.

There was plenty of room for improvement. The problems with the nation's cuisine can be traced back to the Second World War. Before the War, much of Britain's food was imported and when German U-boats began attacking ships bringing food to the country, Britain went on rations (配给).

"As rationing came to an end in the 1950s, technology picked up and was used to mass-produce food," Tomes says. "And by then people were just happy to have a decent quantity of food in their kitchens."

They weren't looking for cured meats, organic produce or beautiful presentation; they were looking for whatever they could get their hands on, and this prioritisation of quantity over quality prevailed for decades, meaning a generation was brought up with food that couldn't compete with neighbouring France, Italy, Belgium or Spain.

Before star chefs such as Oliver began making cooking fashionable, it was hard to find a restaurant in London that was open after 9pm. But in recent years the capital's culinary (烹饪的) scene has developed to the point that it is now confident of its ability to please the tastes of any international visitor.

With the opening of Alfie's in April, and others such as The Pawn, two years ago, modern British food has made its way to Hong Kong."With British food, I think that Hong Kong restaurants are keeping up," says David Tamlyn, the Welsh executive chef at The Pawn in Wan Chai."Hong Kong diners are extremely responsive to new ideas or presentations, which is good news for new dishes."

Chefs agree that diners in Hong Kong are embracing the modern British trend. Some restaurants are modifying the recipes (菜谱) of British dishes to breathe new life into the classics, while others are using better quality ingredients but remaining true to British traditions and tastes.

Tamlyn is in the second camp."We select our food very particularly. We use US beef, New Zealand lamb and for our custards (牛奶蛋糊) we use Bird's Custard Powder," Tamlyn says."Some restaurants go for custard made fresh with eggs, sugar and cream, but British custard is different, and we stay true to that."

Matthew Hill, senior manager at the two-year-old SoHo restaurant Yorkshire Pudding, also uses better ingredients as a means of improving dishes."There are a lot of existing perceptions about British food and so we can't alter these too much. We're a traditional British restaurant so there are some staples (主菜) that will remain essentially unchanged."

These traditional dishes include fish and chips, steak and kidney pie and large pieces of roasted meats. At Alfie's, the newest of the British restaurants in town and perhaps the most gentlemen's club-like in design, Neil Tomes explains his passion for provenance (原产地)."Britain has started to become really proud of the food it's producing. It has excellent organic farms, beautifully crafted cheeses, high-quality meats."

However, the British don't have a history of exporting their foodstuffs, which makes it difficult for restaurants in Hong Kong to source authentic ingredients.

"We can get a lot of our ingredients once a week from the UK," Tamlyn explains. "But there is also pressure to buy local and save on food miles, which means we take our vegetables from the local markets, and there are a lot that work well with British staples."

The Phoenix, in Mid-Levels, offers the widest interpretation of "British cuisine", while still trying to maintain its soul. The gastro-pub has existed in various locations in Hong Kong since 2002. Singaporean head chef Tommy Teh Kum Chai offers daily specials on a blackboard, rather than sticking to a menu. This enables him to reinterpret British cuisine depending on what is available in the local markets.

"We use a lot of ingredients that people wouldn't perhaps associate as British, but are presented in a British way. Bell peppers stuffed with couscous, alongside ratatouille, is a very popular dish."

Although the ingredients may not strike diners as being traditional, they can be found in dishes across Britain.

Even the traditional chefs are aware of the need to adapt to local tastes and customs, while maintaining the Britishness of their cuisine.

At Yorkshire Pudding, Hill says that his staff asks diners whether they would like to share their meals. Small dishes, shared meals and"mixing it up" is not something commonly done in Britain, but Yorkshire Pudding will bring full dishes to the table and offer individual plates for each diner."That way, people still get the presentation of the dishes as they were designed, but can carve them up however they like," Hill says.

This practice is also popular at The Pawn, although largely for rotisseries (烤肉馆), Tamlyn says."Some tables will arrive on a Sunday, order a whole chicken and a shoulder of lamb or a baby pig, and just stay for hours enjoying everything we bring out for them."

Some British traditions are too sacred (神圣的) to mess with, however, Tomes says."I'd never change a full English breakfast."

1. What is British food generally known for?

A) Its unique flavour.

B) Its bad taste.

C) Its special cooking methods.

D) Its organic ingredients.

2. The Second World War led to ______ in Britain.

A) an inadequate supply of food

B) a decrease of grain production

C) an increase in food import

D) a change in people's eating habits

3. Why couldn't Britain compete with some of its neighbouring countries in terms of food in the post-war decades?

A) Its food lacked variety.

B) Its people cared more for quantity.

C) It was short of well-trained chefs.

D) It didn't have flavourful food ingredients.

4. With culinary improvement in recent years, London's restaurants are now able to appeal to the tastes of ______.

A) most young people

B) elderly British diners

C) all kinds of overseas visitors

D) upper-class customers

5. What do Hong Kong diners welcome, according to Welsh executive chef David Tamlyn?

A) Authentic classic cuisine.

B) Locally produced ingredients.

C) New ideas and presentations.

D) The return of home-style dishes.

6. While using quality ingredients, David Tamlyn insists that the dishes should ______.

A) benefit people's health

B) look beautiful and inviting

C) be offered at reasonable prices

D) maintain British traditional tastes

7. Why does Neil Tomes say he loves food ingredients from Britain?

A) They appeal to people from all over the world.

B) They are produced on excellent organic farms.

C) They are processed in a scientific way.

D) They come in a great variety.

8. Tamlyn says that besides importing ingredients from Britain once a week, his restaurant also buys vegetables from _____________________________________________.

9. The Phoenix in Mid-Levels may not use British ingredients, but presents its dishes ______________________________________.

10. Yorkshire Pudding is a restaurant which will bring full dishes to the table but offer plates to those diners who would like to __________________________________________________.

Part III　Listening Comprehension　(35 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

11. A) He is careless about his appearance.

B) He is ashamed of his present condition.

C) He changes jobs frequently.

D) He shaves every other day.

12. A) Jane may be caught in a traffic jam.

B) Jane should have started a little earlier.

C) He knows what sort of person Jane is.

D) He is irritated at having to wait for Jane.

13. A) Training for the Mid-Atlantic Championships.

B) Making preparations for a trans-Atlantic trip.

C) Collecting information about baseball games.

D) Analyzing their rivals' on-field performance.

14. A) He had a narrow escape in a car accident.

B) He is hospitalized for a serious injury.

C) He lost his mother two weeks ago.

D) He has been having a hard time.

15. A) The woman has known the speaker for a long time.

B) The man had difficulty understanding the lecture.

C) The man is making a fuss about nothing.

D) The woman thinks highly of the speaker.

16. A) He has difficulty making sense of logic.

B) Statistics and logic are both challenging subjects.

C) The woman should seek help from the tutoring service.

D) Tutoring services are very popular with students.

17. A) Her overcoat is as stylish as Jill's.

B) Jill missed her class last week.

C) Jill wore the overcoat last week.

D) She is in the same class as the man.

18. A) A computer game.

B) An imaginary situation.

C) An exciting experience.

D) A vacation by the sea.

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

19. A) Beautiful scenery in the countryside.

B) Dangers of cross-country skiing.

C) Pain and pleasure in sports.

D) A sport he participates in.

20. A) He can't find good examples to illustrate his point.

B) He can't find a peaceful place to do the assignment.

C) He doesn't know how to describe the beautiful country scenery.

D) He can't decide whether to include the effort part of skiing.

21. A) New ideas come up as you write.

B) Much time is spent on collecting data.

C) A lot of effort is made in vain.

D) The writer's point of view often changes.

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

22. A) Journalist of a local newspaper.

B) Director of evening radio programs.

C) Producer of television commercials.

D) Hostess of the weekly "Business World".

23. A) He ran three restaurants with his wife's help.

B) He and his wife did everything by themselves.

C) He worked both as a cook and a waiter.

D) He hired a cook and two local waitresses.

24. A) He hardly needs to do any advertising nowadays.

B) He advertises a lot on radio and in newspapers.

C) He spends huge sums on TV commercials every year.

D) He hires children to distribute ads in shopping centers.

25. A) The restaurant location.

B) The restaurant atmosphere.

C) The food variety.

D) The food price.

Section B

Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.

26. A) Its protection is often neglected by children.

B) It cannot be fully restored once damaged.

C) There are many false notions about it.

D) There are various ways to protect it.

27. A) It may make the wearer feel tired.

B) It will gradually weaken the eyes of adults.

C) It can lead to the loss of vision in children.

D) It can permanently change the eye structure.

28. A) It can never be done even with high technology.

B) It is the best way to restore damaged eyesight.

C) It is a major achievement in eye surgery.

D) It can only be partly accomplished now.

Passage Two

Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.

29. A) They think they should follow the current trend.

B) Nursing homes are well-equipped and convenient.

C) Adult day-care centers are easily accessible.

D) They have jobs and other commitments.

30. A) They don't want to use up all their life savings.

B) They fear they will regret it afterwards.

C) They would like to spend more time with them.

D) They don't want to see their husbands poorly treated.

31. A) Provide professional standard care.

B) Be affectionate and cooperative.

C) Be frank and seek help from others.

D) Make full use of community facilities.

Passage Three

Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.

32. A) Health and safety conditions in the workplace.

B) Rights and responsibilities of company employees.

C) Common complaints made by office workers.

D) Conflicts between labor and management.

33. A) Replace its out-dated equipment.

B) Improve the welfare of affected workers.

C) Follow government regulations strictly.

D) Provide extra health compensation.

34. A) They requested to transfer to a safer department.

B) They quit work to protect their unborn babies.

C) They sought help from union representatives.

D) They wanted to work shorter hours.

35. A) To show how they love winter sports.

B) To attract the attention from the media.

C) To protest against the poor working conditions.

D) To protect themselves against the cold weather.

Section C

Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.

Contrary to the old warning that time waits for no one, time slows down when you are on the move. It also slows down more as you move faster, which means astronauts (宇航员) someday may (36) _____________ so long in space that they would return to an Earth of the (37) _____________ future. If you could move at the speed of light, your time would stand still. If you could move faster than light, your time would move (38) _____________.

Although no form of matter yet (39) _____________ moves as fast as or faster than light, (40) _____________ experiments have already confirmed that accelerated (41) _____________ causes a traveler's time to be stretched. Albert Einstein (42) _____________ this in 1905, when he (43) _____________ the concept of relative time as part of his Special Theory of Relativity. A search is now under way to confirm the suspected existence of particles of matter (44) __________________________________________________________.

An obsession (沉迷) with time—saving, gaining, wasting, losing, and mastering it—(45) _______________________________________________________________________. Humanity also has been obsessed with trying to capture the meaning of time. Einstein (46) _____________________________________________________________________________________. Thus, time and time's relativity are measurable by any hourglass, alarm clock, or an atomic clock that can measure a billionth of a second.

Part Ⅳ　Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)　(25 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the banks more than once.

Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.

The popular notion that older people need less sleep than younger adults is a myth, scientists said yesterday.

While elderly people 　47　 to sleep for fewer hours than they did when they were younger, this has a(n) 　48　 effect on their brain's performance and they would benefit from getting more, according to research.

Sean Drummond, a psychiatrist (心理医生) at the University of California, San Diego, said that older people are more likely to suffer from broken sleep, while younger people are better at sleeping 　49　 straight through the night.

More sleep in old age, however, is 　50　 with better health, and most older people would feel better and more 　51　 if they slept for longer periods, he said.

"The ability to sleep in one chunk (整块时间) overnight goes down as we age but the amount of sleep we need to 　52　 well does not change," Dr Drummond told the American Association for the Advancement of Science conference in San Diego.

"It's 　53　 a myth that older people need less sleep. The more healthy an older adult is, the more they sleep like they did when they were 　54　. Our data suggests that older adults would benefit from 　55　 to get as much sleep as they did in their 30s. That's 　56　 from person to person, but the amount of sleep we had at 35 is probably the same amount as we need at 75."

A) alert

B) associated

C) attracting

D) cling

E) continuing

F) definitely

G) different

H) efficiently

I) formally

J) function

K) mixed

L) negative

M) sufficient

N) tend

O) younger

Section B

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.

Several recent studies have found that being randomly (随机地) assigned to a roommate of another race can lead to increased tolerance but also to a greater likelihood (可能性) of conflict.

Recent reports found that lodging with a student of a different race may decrease prejudice and compel students to engage in more ethnically diverse friendships.

An Ohio State University study also found that black students living with a white roommate saw higher academic success throughout their college careers. Researchers believe this may be caused by social pressure.

In a New York Times article, Sam Boakye—the only black student on his freshman year floor—said that "if you're surrounded by whites, you have something to prove."

Researchers also observed problems resulting from pairing interracial students in residences.

According to two recent studies, randomly assigned roommates of different races are more likely to experience conflicts so strained that one roommate will move out.

An Indiana University study found that interracial roommates were three times as likely as two white roommates to no longer live together by the end of the semester.

Grace Kao, a professor at Penn said she was not surprised by the findings."This may be the first time that some of these students have interacted, and lived, with someone of a different race," she said.

At Penn, students are not asked to indicate race when applying for housing.

"One of the great things about freshman housing is that, with some exceptions, the process throws you together randomly," said Undergraduate Assembly chairman Alec Webley. "This is the definition of integration."

"I've experienced roommate conflicts between interracial students that have both broken down stereotypes and reinforced stereotypes," said one Penn resident advisor (RA). The RA of two years added that while some conflicts "provided more multicultural acceptance and melding (融合)," there were also "jarring cultural confrontations."

The RA said that these conflicts have also occurred among roommates of the same race.

Kao said she cautions against forming any generalizations based on any one of the studies, noting that more background characteristics of the students need to be studied and explained.

57. What can we learn from some recent studies?

A) Conflicts between students of different races are unavoidable.

B) Students of different races are prejudiced against each other.

C) Interracial lodging does more harm than good.

D) Interracial lodging may have diverse outcomes.

58. What does Sam Boakye's remark mean?

A) White students tend to look down upon their black peers.

B) Black students can compete with their white peers academically.

C) Black students feel somewhat embarrassed among white peers during the freshman year.

D) Being surrounded by white peers motivates a black student to work harder to succeed.

59. What does the Indiana University study show?

A) Interracial roommates are more likely to fall out.

B) Few white students like sharing a room with a black peer.

C) Roommates of different races just don't get along.

D) Assigning students' lodging randomly is not a good policy.

60. What does Alec Webley consider to be the "definition of integration"?

A) Students of different races are required to share a room.

B) Interracial lodging is arranged by the school for freshmen.

C) Lodging is assigned to students of different races without exception.

D) The school randomly assigns roommates without regard to race.

61. What does Grace Kao say about interracial lodging?

A) It is unscientific to make generalizations about it without further study.

B) Schools should be cautious when making decisions about student lodging.

C) Students' racial background should be considered before lodging is assigned.

D) Experienced resident advisors should be assigned to handle the problems.

Passage Two

Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.

Global warming is causing more than 300,000 deaths and about $125 billion in economic losses each year, according to a report by the Global Humanitarian Forum, an organization led by Kofi Annan, the former United Nations secretary general.

The report, to be released Friday, analyzed data and existing studies of health, disaster, population and economic trends. It found that human-influenced climate change was raising the global death rates from illnesses including malnutrition (营养不良) and heat-related health problems.

But even before its release, the report drew criticism from some experts on climate and risk, who questioned its methods and conclusions.

Along with the deaths, the report said that the lives of 325 million people, primarily in poor countries, were being seriously affected by climate change. It projected that the number would double by 2030.

Roger Pielke Jr., a political scientist at the University of Colorado, Boulder, who studies disaster trends, said the Forum's report was"a methodological embarrassment" because there was no way to distinguish deaths or economic losses related to human-driven global warming amid the much larger losses resulting from the growth in populations and economic development in vulnerable (易受伤害的) regions. Dr. Pielke said that "climate change is an important problem requiring our utmost attention." But the report, he said, "will harm the cause for action on both climate change and disasters because it is so deeply flawed (有瑕疵的)."

However, Soren Andreasen, a social scientist at Dalberg Global Development Partners who supervised the writing of the report, defended it, saying that it was clear that the numbers were rough estimates. He said the report was aimed at world leaders, who will meet in Copenhagen in December to negotiate a new international climate treaty.

In a press release describing the report, Mr. Annan stressed the need for the negotiations to focus on increasing the flow of money from rich to poor regions to help reduce their vulnerability to climate hazards while still curbing the emissions of the heat-trapping gases. More than 90% of the human and economic losses from climate change are occurring in poor countries, according to the report.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

62. What is the finding of the Global Humanitarian Forum?

A) Global temperatures affect the rate of economic development.

B) Rates of death from illnesses have risen due to global warming.

C) Malnutrition has caused serious health problems in poor countries.

D) Economic trends have to do with population and natural disasters.

63. What do we learn about the Forum's report from the passage?

A) It was challenged by some climate and risk experts.

B) It aroused a lot of interest in the scientific circles.

C) It was warmly received by environmentalists.

D) It caused a big stir in developing countries.

64. What does Dr. Pielke say about the Forum's report?

A) Its statistics look embarrassing.

B) It is invalid in terms of methodology.

C) It deserves our closest attention.

D) Its conclusion is purposely exaggerated.

65. What is Soren Andreasen's view of the report?

A) Its conclusions are based on carefully collected data.

B) It is vulnerable to criticism if the statistics are closely examined.

C) It will give rise to heated discussions at the Copenhagen conference.

D) Its rough estimates are meant to draw the attention of world leaders.

66. What does Kofi Annan say should be the focus of the Copenhagen conference?

A) How rich and poor regions can share responsibility in curbing global warming.

B) How human and economic losses from climate change can be reduced.

C) How emissions of heat-trapping gases can be reduced on a global scale.

D) How rich countries can better help poor regions reduce climate hazards.

Part Ⅴ　Cloze　(15 minutes)

Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D)on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Part VI　Translation　(5 minutes)

Directions: Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets. Please write your translation on Answer Sheet 2.

87. The university authorities did not approve the regulation, ___________________________________________________ (也没有解释为什么).

88. Jane is tired of dealing with customer complaints and wishes that she _____________________________________________ (能被分配做另一项工作).

89. John rescued the drowning child _______________________________________________________ (冒着自己生命危险).

90. George called his boss from the airport but it __________________________________________________________________ (接电话的却是他的助手).

91. Although he was interested in philosophy, ____________________________________________________________ (他的父亲说服他) majoring in law.

2011年6月大学英语四级考试真题详解

Part I　Writing

Online Shopping

With the development of technology, online shopping becomes a fashionable trend in our life.① Then, why do people like online shopping?②

One of the reasons is that it brings people convenience. People don't have to waste a lot of time and energy going from one shop to another to choose the commodities they like. The commodities people order will be delivered to them promptly. Moreover, in most cases, the items sold online are cheaper than those in conventional stores, which is attractive to most people.③

However, shopping on the Internet also has its disadvantages.④ For one thing, consumers can't see the goods or try them on personally. Sometimes, the commodity people receive is not the same as it looks on the computer. For another, some shops on the Internet are not registered. They will never deliver anything to you after they get the money from you.⑤

It is undeniable that shopping on the Internet has become an irresistible trend in modern society.⑥ It's of great urgency that we should enforce relative laws in accordance with the rapid growth of online shopping.6 Only in this way can we enjoy the pleasure and convenience of online shopping without worrying about being cheated.⑦

①．首句点题，紧扣提纲，用with引导的伴随结构开篇，使文章读起来顺畅自然，没有生硬之感。

②．通过设问的形式自然过渡，引出下文。

③．moreover一词用得十分恰当，清晰地表现出本句与前面三句之间的递进关系。

④．话锋一转，开始谈论网上购物的弊端。however表示转折，用在段首，使段与段之间的层次关系一目了然。

⑤．通过for one thing, ... for another,...从两个方面论述了网上购物的弊端，层次结构清晰。

⑥．连续两句用到it作形式主语的主语从句，这种叠用在句法上彰显新意，在句式上凸显气势，深化观点。

⑦．末句采用only位于句首的倒装句，无论从句型上还是句意上皆属画龙点睛之笔。

网上购物

随着科技的发展，网上购物逐渐成为我们生活中的一种时尚。那么，人们为什么喜欢网上购物呢？

其中的一个原因是，它给人们带来了方便。人们不必花费大量的时间和精力一家挨一家地逛商店来选购自己喜欢的商品。人们在网上订购的商品可以快速送达。另外，在大多数情况下，网上销售的商品要比传统商店里销售的商品便宜，这对大多数人来说都很有吸引力。

然而，网上购物也有缺点。一方面，顾客本身看不到商品，也无法试穿。有时，他们收到的商品与在电脑上看到的并不相同。另一方面，网上的一些店铺没有注册。这些商家收到钱后不会给你寄任何东西。

不可否认，网上购物已经成为现代社会一种不可阻挡的趋势。伴随着网上购物的快速发展，实施与之配套的相关法律迫在眉睫。只有通过这种方式，我们才能在享受网上购物带来的愉悦和方便的同时不用担心上当受骗。

要点用法

fashionable 时尚的，流行的

consumer 消费者，顾客

convenience 便利

register 注册；登记

commodity 商品

undeniable 不可否认的

be delivered to 被递送给……

irresistible 无法抗拒的

promptly 迅速地

urgency 紧迫

in most cases 在大多数情况下

enforce 实施，执行

conventional 传统的

in accordance with 与……一致

句法点评

1. One of the reasons is that it brings people convenience.

该句紧承上文，讲述了网上购物好处的第一个层面。本句为主从复合句，从句为that引导的表语从句。

2. People don't have to waste a lot of time and energy going from one shop to another to choose the commodities they like.

don't have to do sth.这一结构意为“不必做某事”。本句中的to较多，但是用法不同：from one shop to another中的to是介词，而to go和to choose则是动词不定式。

3. Moreover, in most cases, the items sold online are cheaper than those in conventional stores, which is attractive to most people.

该句讲述了网上购物好处的第二个层面。其中，moreover表示递进，in most cases是插入语，紧接其后的部分是比较状语从句，which引导非限制性定语从句，起补充说明作用。

4. It is undeniable that ... It's of great urgency that ...

连续两句用到it作形式主语的主语从句，结构分别为It is＋adj.＋that ...和It is of＋n.＋that ...。

5. Only in this way can we enjoy the pleasure and convenience of online shopping without worrying about being cheated.

末句采用only位于句首的倒装句。only位于句首时，句子用部分倒装，将情态动词can提到主语we的前面。

Part II　Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)

英式菜肴：新与旧的完美结合

随着厨师将新旧烹饪法的精华结合在一起，英式菜肴近年来逐渐走向了成熟。

［1］为何英国菜的名声如此不好？因为它确实很糟！在香港最高档的英国餐厅之一Alfie's by KEE享用午餐前听到这样的话，让人感觉有点沮丧，但餐厅的主厨尼尔·托姆斯有更多话要说。

“在过去15年左右的时间里，英国菜取得了令人瞩目的进步。”这位英国厨师说道，他同时还列举了英式菜肴的发展趋势——食材更优质、准备方法更得当、烹调方式更专业以及食物卖相更吸引人等。迪莉娅·史密斯、奈杰尔·斯莱特、杰米·奥利弗和戈登·拉姆齐等大厨已经让公众意识到，烹饪和享用菜肴不一定是件无聊的事情。如今，大多数的英国人对烹饪非常熟悉，就连对赫斯顿·布卢门撒尔分子烹饪法——一种运用科学手段制作美味佳肴的烹饪方法——这样极端的例子都有所了解。

“以前，普通的英国人不好意思表现出自己了解食物，现在这种情形已经一去不复返了。”托姆斯说。

英国菜有很大的进步空间。英国烹饪问题的根源可以追溯到二战时期。［2］二战之前，英国的许多食物都依赖进口，当德国的潜水艇开始袭击运载进口食物的船只时，英国不得不开始实行食物定量配给制。

“当食物配给制在20世纪50年代结束时，科学技术开始发展并在食品的批量生产中得到应用，”托姆斯说，“直到那时候，英国人才为自家厨房里有了足够的食物而高兴。”

英国人不追求腌肉、有机农产品或者食物的卖相；［3］他们寻求的是任何能得到的东西，这种重量不重质的观念持续了几十年，也就意味着一代英国人成长过程中的食物都根本无法与邻近的法国、意大利、比利时和西班牙相媲美。

在像奥利弗这样的明星厨师把烹饪变为时尚之前，很难在伦敦找到一家晚上九点以后还营业的餐馆。［4］但在近些年，英国首都餐饮业的景象大有改观，已经发展到对迎合每一位国外游客口味的能力充满自信的程度了。

随着四月份Alfie's餐厅开张以及两年前The Pawn等餐厅开始营业，现代英国菜已经登陆香港市场了。“有了英国菜，我想香港的餐厅会越办越好。”［5］湾仔The Pawn餐厅来自威尔士的行政主厨戴维·塔姆林说，“香港的食客很喜欢新的想法或新的摆盘方式，这对于新菜式来说非常有利。”

香港的食客正在接受现代英国菜的发展趋势，这一点厨师们都表示认同。［6］有的餐厅正通过调整英国菜的菜谱来给传统菜肴注入新的活力，而有的餐厅则选用更好的食材但始终忠于英式传统与味道。

［6］塔姆林的做法属于后者。“我们精心挑选食材，选用美国的牛肉和新西兰的羊肉，而制作牛奶蛋糊时，我们选用Bird's吉士粉。”塔姆林说，“有的餐厅用鸡蛋、糖和奶油来制作新鲜的牛奶蛋糊，但英国的牛奶蛋糊不是这样的，我们坚持忠于传统做法”。

马修·希尔是索霍区已经营业两年的约克郡布丁餐厅的高级经理，他也是通过使用更好的食材来提升菜肴品质的。“人们对英国菜存在很多固有的看法，因此我们不能改变太多。我们是传统的英国餐厅，所以一些主菜会基本保持不变。”

这些传统的英国菜式包括炸鱼和薯条、牛肉腰子馅饼以及大块的烤肉。在市区最新的可能也是最绅士的俱乐部式设计风格的英国餐厅Alfie's，尼尔·托姆斯解释了他对原产地的钟爱。“英国开始变得真正以自己生产的食物为傲。［7］英国拥有上等的有机农场、精心制作的奶酪和高质量的肉类。”

可是，英国没有出口食品的历史，这使得香港的餐厅很难获得正宗的食材。

［8］“我们可以每周从英国采购许多需要的食材”，塔姆林解释道，“但是也不得不迫于压力在当地购买一些以节省食物里程，也就是说我们也会在当地市场采购蔬菜，有很多都能与英式主菜搭配得很好。”

［9］位于半山的凤凰餐厅在保持英国菜灵魂的同时，也为“英式烹饪法”提供了最为全面的诠释。这家美食吧自2002年起在香港的很多地方都开设了店面。来自新加坡的主厨汤米郑锦蔡会把每日特色菜写在黑板上，而不是按照菜谱做菜。这使他可以根据本地市场可买到的食材重新诠释英国菜。

［9］“我们用的很多食材可能不太会让人们跟英国联系起来，但却都用了一种英式的烹饪法来呈现。比如，蒸肉丸子酿柿子椒配炖焖蔬菜就是一款很受欢迎的菜。”

虽然这些食材可能无法凭借其传统性来打动食客，但在英国大街小巷的菜品中都可以见到。

即便是传统的厨师，也意识到了需要在保持英式烹饪风格的前提下，迎合当地的口味和风俗。

［10］在约克郡布丁餐厅里，希尔说他的员工会询问顾客是否愿意分享他们的食物。小份的菜肴、彼此分享和“混合用餐”在英国并不多见，但约克郡布丁餐厅会把完整的菜品放到桌子上，然后给每位顾客提供单独的盘子。“这样，顾客仍然能看到菜品原先设计的卖相，但同时也可以按照他们喜欢的方式来分切菜品。”

虽然这种做法主要是在烤肉馆，但在The Pawn餐厅也很受欢迎。塔姆林说：“有些客人会在周日来我们餐厅，点一整只鸡、一份羊肩肉或者一只乳猪，然后待上几个小时，尽情享用我们提供的所有食物。”

但有些英式传统十分神圣，不容侵犯，托姆斯说。“我永远不会改变丰盛的英式早餐。”

1. What is British food generally known for?

A) Its unique flavour.

B) Its bad taste.

C) Its special cooking methods.

D) Its organic ingredients.

英国食物总体上因什么而出名？

A）它独特的口味。

B）它差劲的味道。

C）它特别的烹饪方法。

D）它的有机食材。

►线索词：generally known for

►定位处：第一段首句。

►解析：题干中的线索词generally known for与文章第一段第一句中的have a reputation of属于同义替换，而原文紧接着又说英国菜的名声是很不好的（so bad），B项中的bad taste（口感不佳；不好吃）与这一意思相符，故为正确答案。

2. The Second World War led to ______ in Britain.

A) an inadequate supply of food

B) a decrease of grain production

C) an increase in food import

D) a change in people's eating habits

在英国，第二次世界大战造成了______。

A）食品供给不足

B）粮食产量下降

C）食品进口量增加

D）人们饮食习惯改变

►线索词：the Second World War

►定位处：第四段第二、三句。

►解析：原文提到，“二战之前，英国的许多食物都依赖进口，当德国的潜水艇开始袭击运载进口食物的船只时，英国不得不开始实行食物定量配给制”。由此可以看出，二战导致英国食物供给不足，故A项正确。B、C、D三项原文中均未提及。

3. Why couldn't Britain compete with some of its neighbouring countries in terms of food in the post-war decades?

A) Its food lacked variety.

B) Its people cared more for quantity.

C) It was short of well-trained chefs.

D) It didn't have flavourful food ingredients.

为什么在战后几十年内英国不能在食物方面与它的一些邻国相比？

A）英国的食物缺乏多样性。

B）英国人更在乎食物的数量。

C）英国缺少受过良好培训的厨师。

D）英国没有可口的食材。

►线索词：compete，neighbouring countries

►定位处：第六段。

►解析：题干问的是战后英国食物无法和邻国竞争的原因（why），原文中的meaning（意味着）表示结果，因此meaning之前的部分就是导致这种现象的原因，即prioritisation of quantity over quality（重量不重质），所以正确答案为B，即“英国人更在乎食物的数量”。

4. With culinary improvement in recent years, London's restaurants are now able to appeal to the tastes of ______.

A) most young people

B) elderly British diners

C) all kinds of overseas visitors

D) upper-class customers

随着近几年烹饪技术的提高，现在伦敦的饭店能迎合______的口味。

A）大部分年轻人

B）老年英国用餐者

C）各类外国游客

D）上层阶级的顾客

►线索词：London's restaurant

►定位处：第七段。

►解析：题干中的appeal to（迎合）对应原文中的please，故please之后的any international visitor就是本题的答案信息。C项all kinds of overseas visitors与之意思相同，故为正确答案。

5. What do Hong Kong diners welcome, according to Welsh executive chef David Tamlyn?

A) Authentic classic cuisine.

B) Locally produced ingredients.

C) New ideas and presentations.

D) The return of home-style dishes.

威尔士行政主厨戴维·塔姆林认为，香港食客欢迎什么？

A）正宗的传统烹饪。

B）当地生产的食材。

C）新的想法和摆盘方式。

D）家常菜的回归。

►线索词：Welsh executive chef David Tamlyn

►定位处：第八段第二句。

►解析：原文提到，“湾仔The Pawn餐厅来自威尔士的行政主厨戴维·塔姆林说，‘香港的食客很喜欢新的想法或新的摆盘方式……’”，题干中的welcome与文中的are extremely responsive to属于同义转述，所以正确答案为C。

6. While using quality ingredients, David Tamlyn insists that the dishes should ______.

A) benefit people's health

B) look beautiful and inviting

C) be offered at reasonable prices

D) maintain British traditional tastes

尽管使用上等食材，但戴维·塔姆林坚持认为菜肴应该______。

A）对人们的健康有益

B）卖相好看、诱人

C）价钱合理

D）保持英国的传统口味

►线索词：quality ingredients，David Tamlyn

►定位处：第九段最后一句和第十段首句。

►解析：第九段末句提到，“有的餐厅正通过调整英国菜的菜谱来给传统菜肴注入新的活力，而有的餐厅则选用更好的食材但始终忠于英式传统与味道”。紧接着在第十段开头又说“塔姆林的做法属于后者”。故可知答案为D。D项中的maintain与文中的remain属于同义替换。

7. Why does Neil Tomes say he loves food ingredients from Britain?

A) They appeal to people from all over the world.

B) They are produced on excellent organic farms.

C) They are processed in a scientific way.

D) They come in a great variety.

为什么尼尔·托姆斯说他喜爱英国的食材？

A）它们能吸引世界各地的人。

B）它们产于上好的有机农场。

C）它们以科学的方法加工而成。

D）它们种类多样。

►线索词：Neil Tomes

►定位处：第十二段。

►解析：该段倒数第三句提到，“尼尔·托姆斯解释了他对原产地的钟爱”，紧接着引用了他的原话：“……英国拥有上等的有机农场、精心制作的奶酪和高质量的肉类”。由此可知，本题选B。

8. Tamlyn says that besides importing ingredients from Britain once a week, his restaurant also buys vegetables from the local markets.

塔姆林说除了每周从英国进口一次食材之外，他的饭店也从当地市场购买蔬菜。

►线索词：Tamlyn，vegetables

►定位处：第十四段。

►解析：题干中的importing ingredients from Britain对应原文中的get a lot of...ingredients...from the UK，buys vegetables对应原文中的take our vegetables，故原文中的the local markets为此处应填的内容。

9. The Phoenix in Mid-Levels may not use British ingredients, but presents its dishes in a British way.

位于半山的凤凰餐厅也许不用英国的食材，但用英式的做法呈现菜肴。

►线索词：The Phoenix，Mid-Levels，presents

►定位处：第十五段和第十六段首句。

►解析：根据线索词The Phoenix和Mid-Levels定位至第十五段，但这一段并没有与题干相关的内容。接着往下阅读会发现，第十六段首句are presented in a British way与题干内容相符，故空格处应填入in a British way。

10. Yorkshire Pudding is a restaurant which will bring full dishes to the table but offer plates to those diners who would like to share their meals.

约克郡布丁餐厅是这样一个餐厅：它会把完整的菜品放到桌子上，但给那些愿意分享食物的就餐者提供餐碟。

►线索词：Yorkshire Pudding，full dishes，offer plates

►定位处：第十九段第一句和第二句。

►解析：文中提到，约克郡布丁餐厅的员工“会询问顾客是否愿意分享他们的食物”，然后“会把完整的菜品放到桌子上……给每位顾客提供单独的盘子”。由此可知，约克郡布丁餐厅bring full dishes to the table but offer plates的对象是那些愿意分享食物的顾客，故空格处应填入share their meals。

Part III　Listening Comprehension

Section A

11.  A) He is careless about his appearance.

B) He is ashamed of his present condition.

C) He changes jobs frequently.

D) He shaves every other day.

M: Shawn's been trying for months to find a job. But I wonder how he could get a job when he looks like that.

W: Oh, that poor guy! He really should shave himself every other day at least and put on something clean.

Q: What do we learn about Shawn?

A）他对自己的外表不在意。

B）他为自己的现状感到羞愧。

C）他时常换工作。

D）他每隔一天刮一次胡子。

男：好几个月以来，肖恩一直在找工作。但是，我想知道他那个样子怎么才能找到工作。

女：哦，那个可怜的家伙，他确实应该至少每隔一天刮一次胡子，再穿上干净的衣服。

问：关于肖恩，我们了解了什么？

►听前预测：

①四项均以he开头。

②两项提及外表（appearance，shaves），一项提到了现状（present condition），一项提到了工作（jobs）。

结论：对话很可能与男士的外表或工作现状有关。

►解析：男士说肖恩已经找了好几个月工作了，但他觉得就凭肖恩现在的样子，根本找不到工作。女士说肖恩至少应该每隔一天刮一次胡子，穿得干净点。可见两人在谈论肖恩的外表，认为他太不修边幅了，故选A。

12.  A) Jane may be caught in a traffic jam.

B) Jane should have started a little earlier.

C) He knows what sort of person Jane is.

D) He is irritated at having to wait for Jane.

W: I wish Jane would call when she knows she'll be late. This is not the first time we've had to wait for her.

M: I agree. But she does have to drive through very heavy traffic to get here.

Q: What does the man imply?

A）简也许遇上堵车了。

B）简本应该早出发一点儿。

C）他知道简是什么样的人。

D）他对不得不等简感到愤怒。

女：我希望当简知道她要迟到时，能给我们打个电话。这不是我们第一次被迫等她了。

男：我同意。但她确实得开车通过很堵的路段才能到这里。

问：男士的话暗含了什么意思？

►听前预测：四项中均提到了Jane，两项以he开头，故可知本题的内容与简和一名男士有关。通读四个选项，将其中提及的信息联想到一起，可以初步推断对话讲的很可能是简迟到，男士等她的事。

►解析：女士说希望简知道自己会迟到能提前打电话说一声，这已经不是他们第一次等她了。男士先表示同意，之后又为简开脱，说她过来要开车经过非常拥堵的路段。根据男士为简开脱的语气可知，男士并没有责怪简的意思，故排除B、C、D，选A。本题的解题关键在but后的内容。

13.  A) Training for the Mid-Atlantic Championships.

B) Making preparations for a trans-Atlantic trip.

C) Collecting information about baseball games.

D) Analyzing their rivals' on-field performance.

M: Congratulations! I heard your baseball team is going to the Mid-Atlantic Championships.

W: Yeah, we're all working real hard right now!

Q: What is the woman's team doing?

A）为中大西洋区锦标赛训练。

B）为跨越大西洋之旅做准备。

C）收集棒球比赛的信息。

D）分析她们对手的球场表现。

男：恭喜你！我听说你的棒球队要参加中大西洋锦标赛。

女：是啊，我们现在都在发奋努力地训练！

问：女士的团队正在做什么？

►听前预测：

①四项均以动词-ing形式开头。

②三项与比赛有关（Mid-Atlantic Championships，baseball games，rivals' on-field performance）。

③两项提到了大西洋（Mid-Atlantic，trans-Atlantic）。

结论：对话很可能与比赛有关，首先要注意听清动作，其次是比赛事项和比赛地点。

►解析：本题问女士的团队正在做什么，解题关键是听清楚对话中的动词。男士听说女士所在的棒球队要参加中大西洋区锦标赛，并对女士表示祝贺。女士说她们正在为比赛努力训练，故选A。

14. A) He had a narrow escape in a car accident.

B) He is hospitalized for a serious injury.

C) He lost his mother two weeks ago.

D) He has been having a hard time.

W: John's been looking after his mother in the hospital. She was injured in a car accident two weeks ago and is still in critical condition.

M: Oh, that's terrible. And you know his father passed away last year.

Q: What do we learn about John?

A）他在车祸中幸免于难。

B）他因伤势严重而住院。

C）他两周以前失去了母亲。

D）他正在经历一段困难的时光。

女：约翰一直在医院照顾他的妈妈。两星期以前他妈妈在一场车祸中受伤了，现在情况还很危险。

男：哦，那太不幸了。你知道的，去年他爸爸过世了。

问：关于约翰，我们了解了什么？

►听前预测：

①四项均提及不顺境遇（narrow escape in a car accident，hospitalized，lost his mother，having a hard time）。

②四项均以he开头。

结论：对话可能与一位男士的不顺境遇有关。

►解析：女士说约翰一直在医院照看他妈妈，她在两周前的车祸中受了伤，而且目前情况还很危险。男士表示感慨，并提到约翰的父亲去年过世了。由此可见，现在对约翰来说正是非常艰难的时期，故选D。

15. A) The woman has known the speaker for a long time.

B) The man had difficulty understanding the lecture.

C) The man is making a fuss about nothing.

D) The woman thinks highly of the speaker.

M: What a boring speaker! I could hardly stay awake.

W: Well, I don't know. In fact, I think it's been a long time since I've heard anyone as good.

Q: What do we learn from the conversation?

A）女士认识演讲者很久了。

B）男士很难理解这个讲座。

C）男士无中生有，庸人自扰。

D）女士对演讲者评价很高。

男：这个演讲者简直太无聊了！我都昏昏欲睡了。

女：呃，我不知道。其实，我觉得我很长时间没有听到讲得这么好的人了。

问：我们从对话中知道了什么？

►听前预测：

①两项以the woman开头，两项以the man开头。

②三项均含有与演讲相关的词汇（speaker，lecture）。

结论：对话很可能与演讲有关。

►解析：男士说演讲的人太无聊了，他都要睡着了。女士说实际上她很长时间都没听到过讲得这么好的人了。可见，女士对演讲人是很赞赏的，故选D。C项中的make a fuss意为“大惊小怪；不断抱怨”。

16. A) He has difficulty making sense of logic.

B) Statistics and logic are both challenging subjects.

C) The woman should seek help from the tutoring service.

D) Tutoring services are very popular with students.

W: I'm having a lot of trouble with logic and it seems my professor can't explain it in a way that makes sense to me.

M: You know, there is a tutoring service on campus. I was about to drop statistics before they helped me out.

Q: What does the man mean?

A）他很难理解逻辑学。

B）统计学和逻辑学都是具有挑战性的学科。

C）女士应该向课业辅导服务寻求帮助。

D）课业辅导服务很受学生欢迎。

女：我在学习逻辑学上有很多问题，而且我的教授好像不能用一种我能理解的方式解释逻辑学。

男：你知道，学校有课业辅导服务。在他们帮我之前，我都打算放弃学统计学了。

问：男士的意思是什么？

►听前预测：

①四项均与学习有关，两项提到学科（logic，statistics and logic），两项提到课业辅导服务（tutoring service，tutoring services）。

②两项含有表示难度大的词（difficulty，challenging），一项提到寻求帮助（seek help）。

结论：对话可能与学习上遇到困难需要寻求帮助有关。

►解析：女士说她学逻辑学很困难，教授讲的她听不懂。男士说学校里有课业辅导服务，并说在辅导人员帮助他之前，自己差点放弃统计学。可见男士建议女士也去那里找人辅导，故选C。

17. A) Her overcoat is as stylish as Jill's.

B) Jill missed her class last week.

C) Jill wore the overcoat last week.

D) She is in the same class as the man.

M: This is a stylish overcoat. I saw you wearing it last week, didn't I?

W: Oh, that wasn't me. That was my sister Jill. She's in your class.

Q: What does the woman mean?

A）她的大衣和吉尔的一样时髦。

B）吉尔上个星期没上课。

C）吉尔上个星期穿着那件大衣。

D）她和男士在同一个班。

男：这件大衣很时髦，我上个星期看到你穿了，对吗？

女：哦，那不是我。那是我姐姐吉尔。她和你在同一个班。

问：女士的意思是是什么？

►听前预测：

①选项中提及了三个人物：某个女士（her，she）、Jill和the man。

②两项提及了大衣（overcoat）。

③一项提到课程（class），一项提到班级（class）。

结论：对话可能是校园场景，注意人物之间的关系。

解析：男士称赞女士的大衣很时髦，并表示上礼拜好像看到女士穿过。女士说那不是她，是她姐姐吉尔，吉尔与男士同班，故选C。

18. A) A computer game.

B) An imaginary situation.

C) An exciting experience.

D) A vacation by the sea.

M: Jane, suppose you lost all your money while taking a vacation overseas, what would you do?

W: Well, I guess I'd sell my watch or computer or do some odd jobs till I could afford a return plane ticket.

Q: What are the speakers talking about?

A）一种电脑游戏。

B）一种想象的情形。

C）一段令人激动的经历。

D）一次海边度假。

男：简，假设你在国外度假时把所有钱都弄丢了，你会怎么办？

女：呃，我想我会把我的手表或电脑卖掉，或者做些零工，直到我能支付返程机票。

问：说话者们在谈论什么？

►听前预测：四项均为名词短语，且意思相去甚远，故推测本题很可能是对谈话的主要内容进行提问。

►解析：男士问女士如果在出国旅游时丢了所有的钱会怎么办。女士说她或许会卖掉手表或者电脑，或者打点零工攒钱买回程的机票。可见，两人在谈论一个假设的场景，故选B。do odd jobs意为“打零工”。

Conversation One

听力原文&译文

M: Hello, Professor Johnson.

W: Hello, Tony. So what shall we work on today?

M: Well, the problem is that this writing assignment isn't coming out right.［19］What I thought I was writing on was to talk about what a particular sport means to me when I participate in.

W: What sport did you choose?

M: I decided to write about cross-country skiing.

W: What are you going to say about skiing?

M: That's the problem. I thought I would write about how peaceful it is to be out in the country.

W:［20］So why is that a problem?

M: I'd like to start describing how quiet it is to be out in the woods. I keep mentioning how much effort it takes to keep going. Cross-country skiing isn't as easy as some people think. It takes a lot of energy, but that's not part of my paper, so I guess I should leave it out. But now I don't know how to explain that feeling of peacefulness without explaining how hard you have to work for it. It all fits together. It's not like just sitting down somewhere and watching the clouds roll by. That's different.

W: Then you'll have to include that in your point. The peacefulness of cross-country skiing is the kind you earn by effort. Why leave that out?［21］Part of your point you knew beforehand, but part you discovered as you wrote. That's common, right?

M: Yeah, I guess so.

男：你好，约翰逊教授。

女：你好，托尼。那么我们今天要致力于解决什么问题呢？

男：呃，问题在于写作作业进展得不顺利。［19］我本来想写的是参加某一特殊运动对于我来说意味着什么。

女：你选了什么运动？

男：我决定写越野滑雪。

女：你打算写滑雪的什么内容呢？

男：这就是问题所在。我本想写在乡村滑雪有多么宁静。

女：［20］那为什么这是个问题呢？

男：我想开始先描述在树林里滑雪是多么宁静。我一直谈到坚持越野滑雪需要多少努力。越野滑雪并不像一些人想的那么容易。它需要付出很多精力，但这并不属于我的作文内容，所以我想应该把这省略。但现在如果我不说明越野滑雪的困难的话，我不知道我该怎样解释这种宁静的感觉。它们是一个整体。这不像只是坐在某个地方看云卷云舒。那是不一样的。

女：那么你就必须把这一点加到你文中的观点里。越野滑雪带来的宁静感是你通过努力才赢得的。为什么要把这一点省略掉呢？［21］你写之前就知道了一部分观点，但写的过程中还会发现一部分观点。这很常见，是吧？

男：对，我想是这样的。

19. A) Beautiful scenery in the countryside.

B) Dangers of cross-country skiing.

C) Pain and pleasure in sports.

D) A sport he participates in.

Q: What is the topic of the man's writing assignment?

A）乡村美丽的风景。

B）越野滑雪的危险。

C）运动的痛苦和快乐。

D）他参加的一项运动。

问：男士写作作业的主题是什么？

►听前预测：

①四项均为名词短语，该题可能以what提问。

②三项提到了运动（skiing，sports，sport）。

③一项提到了he。

结论：该题考查的内容可能与运动有关，应重点关注男士所说的话。

►解析：在对话开头，女士问男士有什么问题需要解决。男士说自己现在面临的问题是作文的写作方向不对，他本来想写的是自己所参加的某项运动对于他来说意味着什么。四个选项中只有D项“他参加的一项运动”符合男士的作文主题，故为正确答案。

20. A) He can't find good examples to illustrate his point.

B) He can't find a peaceful place to do the assignment.

C) He doesn't know how to describe the beautiful country scenery.

D) He can't decide whether to include the effort part of skiing.

Q: What problem does the man have while working on his paper?

A）他找不到合适的例子来证明他的观点。

B）他找不到一个安静的地方做作业。

C）他不知道如何描述乡村美景。

D）他决定不了是否要写滑雪所要付出的努力。

问：男士在写作文时有什么问题？

►听前预测：

①四项主语均为he。

②四项均含有表示否定的词，且可能都表示某人遇到了问题（can't find，doesn't know，can't decide）。

③三项含有与写作文有关的词（find good examples to illustrate his point，do the assignment，include the...part）。

结论：本题很可能考查男士在写作文的过程中所遇到的问题。

►解析：在对话的中间部分男士提到，他想从作文的开头就描写越野滑雪的那份宁静，但是却提到了很多要坚持下去所必须付出的努力的内容，因为越野滑雪并不像人们想象的那么容易。然而，考虑到这些并不是他在作文中想要表达的东西，他在犹豫要不要将这些内容删去。由此可知，选项D正确。

21.  A) New ideas come up as you write.

B) Much time is spent on collecting data.

C) A lot of effort is made in vain.

D) The writer's point of view often changes.

Q: What does the woman say is common in writing papers?

A）你写作文时会有新的想法。

B）收集资料要花很多时间。

C）很多努力都徒劳无功。

D）作者的观点经常变化。

问：女士说写作文时什么是寻常的？

►听前预测：

①两项含有与写作相关的词（write，writer's）。

②由A项的第二人称you和D项的often推测，该题可能考查一般人经常会遇到的问题或现象。

结论：本题可能考查与写作有关的某一常见问题或现象。

►解析：在对话的最后女士提到，写作文时，有些观点在开始写之前已经形成，而有些观点会在写作的过程中逐渐产生，这是很普遍的现象。由此可知，本题选A。

Conversation Two

听力原文&译文

W:［22］Good evening and welcome to this week's "Business World" —a program for and about business people. Tonight we have Mr. Angelino who came to the United States six years ago, and is now an established businessman with three restaurants in town. Tell us, Mr. Angelino, how did you get started?

M: Well,［23］I started off with a small diner. I did all the cooking myself and my wife waited on tables. It was really too much work for two people. My cooking's great. And word got around town about the food. Within a year, I had to hire another cook and four waitresses. When that restaurant became very busy, I decided to expand my business. Now with three places, my main concern is keeping the business successful and running smoothly.

W: Do you advertise?

M: Oh, yes.［24］I don't have any TV commercials, because they are too expensive. But I advertise a lot on radio and in local newspapers. My children used to distribute ads in nearby shopping centers, but we don't need to do that anymore.

W: Why do you believe you've been so successful?

M: Um,［25］I always serve the freshest possible food and I make the atmosphere as comfortable and as pleasant as I can, so that my customers will want to come back.

W: So you always aim to please the customers?

M: Absolutely! Without them I would have no business at all.

W: Thank you, Mr. Angelino. I think your advice will be helpful to those just starting out in business.

女：［22］晚上好，欢迎来到本周专为商界人士打造、讲述商界人士故事的《商业世界》节目。今晚我们请来了安杰利诺先生，他6年前来到美国，现在是一位在城里有三家饭店的知名商人。安杰利诺先生，告诉大家，您是怎么起家的？

男：呃，［23］开始我开了一家小饭馆。我自己当厨师，妻子当服务员。这些工作对于两个人来说真的难以承受。我的厨艺很好，食物的名声在镇上传开了。一年内，我不得不雇了另外一名厨师和四名服务员。当饭馆生意非常兴隆时，我决定扩大我的生意。现在我拥有三家饭店，我主要还是关心继续让生意红火，经营顺利。

女：你给饭店打广告吗？

男：嗯，做广告。［24］我没做电视广告，因为那太贵了。但是我做了很多广播和当地报纸的广告。我的孩子以前经常到附近的购物中心发宣传单，但是我们不需要再那么做了。

女：你觉得自己为什么如此成功呢？

男：嗯，［25］我一直尽可能地供应最新鲜的食物，而且尽力使就餐氛围更舒服，更愉悦，这样我的顾客就会想再来用餐。

女：那么，你总是以满足顾客为目标啦？

男：正是如此！没有顾客我就根本没有生意。

女：谢谢您，安杰利诺先生。我认为您的建议会对那些刚开始经营生意的人有帮助。

22. A) Journalist of a local newspaper.

B) Director of evening radio programs.

C) Producer of television commercials.

D) Hostess of the weekly "Business World".

Q: What is the woman's occupation?

A）当地报纸的记者。

B）夜间广播节目的导播。

C）电视广告制作人。

D）每周《商业世界》节目主持人。

问：女士的职业是什么？

►听前预测：四个选项均表示职业，故可知该题是对某人职业的考查。听音时应对对话中出现的与职业相关的内容多加留意。

►解析：对话一开始，女士说道：“晚上好，欢迎来到本周专为商界人士打造、讲述商界人士故事的《商业世界》节目”，紧接着又介绍了当晚的嘉宾Mr. Angelino，因此可以判断出女士是Business World节目的主持人。故答案为D。

23. A) He ran three restaurants with his wife's help.

B) He and his wife did everything by themselves.

C) He worked both as a cook and a waiter.

D) He hired a cook and two local waitresses.

Q: What do we learn about Mr. Angelino's business at its beginning?

A）他在妻子的帮助下开了三家饭店。

B）他和妻子自己做所有事。

C）他既当厨师又当服务员。

D）他雇了一名厨师和两名当地的女服务员。

问：我们了解到有关安杰利诺先生创业之初的什么信息？

►听前预测：

①四项主语均为he，两项提到了his wife。

②三项含有与饭店相关的词（restaurants，a cook and a waiter，a cook and two local waitresses）。

③两项含有与辛苦工作相关的词（did everything by themselves，worked both as a cook and a waiter）。

结论：本题考查的内容可能与男士和妻子在创立饭店时所付出的辛苦劳动有关。

►解析：当女士问饭店是怎样开始运作时，男士说最初只是一个小餐馆，自己烹饪所有的菜，妻子则当服务员。由此可知，在男士事业刚开始的时候，所有的事情都是他和妻子两个人做，故B项正确。

24. A) He hardly needs to do any advertising nowadays.

B) He advertises a lot on radio and in newspapers.

C) He spends huge sums on TV commercials every year.

D) He hires children to distribute ads in shopping centers.

Q: What does Mr. Angelino say about advertising his business?

A）现在他几乎不需要做广告。

B）他在广播和报纸上做了很多广告。

C）他每年把大笔钱花在电视广告上。

D）他雇儿童在购物中心发宣传单。

问：关于给生意做广告，安杰利诺先生说了什么？

►听前预测：

①四项均以he开头。

②四项提到了几种不同形式的广告（hardly needs to do any advertising，advertises... on radio and in newspapers，TV commercials，distribute ads）。

结论：本题可能考查男士在经营饭店的过程中所采取的广告手段。

►解析：当问到关于广告宣传的问题时，男士说自己不采取电视广告的形式，因为价格太贵，但是会在广播中和当地报纸上做很多广告。由此可知，B项正确。

25. A) The restaurant location.

B) The restaurant atmosphere.

C) The food variety.

D) The food price.

Q: What does the man say contributes to the success of his business?

A）饭店位置。

B）饭店氛围。

C）食物品种。

D）食物价格。

问：男士说是什么促成了他生意的成功？

►听前预测：

①四项均为名词短语。

②四项均为饭店的某方面因素（location，atmosphere，food variety，food price）。

结论：该题考查饭店的某方面信息，可能询问饭店的特色或者饭店受欢迎的原因。

►解析：当女士问男士饭店为何如此成功时，男士说他总是尽可能为顾客提供最新鲜的食物，并尽量营造一种舒适的、令人愉悦的就餐氛围，这样顾客才会愿意再次光临。由此可知，男士的饭店能够取得成功的原因之一是它的用餐氛围，故B项正确。

Section B

Passage One

听力原文&译文

［26］There are many commonly held beliefs about eye glasses and eyesight that are not proven facts. For instance, some people believe that wearing glasses too soon weakens the eyes. But there is no evidence to show that the structure of eyes is changed by wearing glasses at a young age.［27］Wearing the wrong glasses, however, can prove harmful. Studies show that for adults there is no danger, but children can develop loss of vision if they have glasses inappropriate for their eyes. We have all heard some of the common myths about how eyesight gets bad. Most people believe that reading in dim light causes poor eyesight, but that is untrue. Too little light makes the eyes work harder, so they do get tired and strained. Eyestrain also results from reading a lot, reading in bed, and watching too much television. However, although eyestrain may cause some pain or headaches, it does not permanently damage eyesight.［28］Another myth about eyes is that they can be replaced, or transferred from one person to another. There are close to one million nerve fibers that connect the eyeball to the brain, as of yet it is impossible to attach them all in a new person. Only certain parts of the eye can be replaced. But if we keep clearing up the myths and learning more about the eyes, some day a full transplant may be possible.

［26］关于眼镜和视力，人们有许多常见但有待证实的观点。例如，一些人相信太早戴眼镜会伤害眼睛。但没有证据显示年龄小时戴眼镜会改变眼睛的结构。［27］然而，戴错误的眼镜被证实是有害的。研究表明这对成人没有危险，但如果儿童戴不适合其眼睛的眼镜，会有失明的危险。我们都听过一些关于视力如何下降的常见的不实说法。大部分人相信在昏暗的灯光下读书会造成视力下降，但事实并非如此。灯光过于昏暗，眼睛看东西就更费劲，所以眼睛会感到疲劳和吃力。眼睛疲劳也会由读书过多、卧床读书和看电视时间过长而引起。然而，虽然眼睛疲劳也许会导致眼睛酸痛或头痛，但它并不会对视力造成永久性的伤害。［28］另一个关于眼睛的不实说法是可以替换眼睛，或把眼睛从一个人身上移植到另一个人身上。连接眼球和大脑的神经纤维有接近100万条，然而把它们都连到另一个人的身上，至今还是不可能的。只有眼睛的某些特定部分才能被替换。但是如果我们能不断澄清这些不实的说法，并学习更多关于眼睛的知识，也许某一天我们可能会实现眼球的完整移植。

整体预测

快速浏览本部分所有选项，由其中的关键词vision、eye structure、eye surgery以及eyesight可大致推断出，该文章很可能与眼睛或视力有关，听音时应重点关注与之相关的内容。

26. A) Its protection is often neglected by children.

B) It cannot be fully restored once damaged.

C) There are many false notions about it.

D) There are various ways to protect it.

Q: What does the speaker want to tell us about eyesight?

A）孩子们经常忽视对它的保护。

B）一旦受损，它就不能被完全修复。

C）人们有很多关于它的错误的观点。

D）保护它的方法有很多。

问：说话者想告诉我们关于视力的什么信息？

►解题思路：

①四项都含有it；两项以it开头，两项以there开头。

②三项含有表示保护或者修复的词（protection，restored，protect）。

结论：本题可能考查的是对it的保护或修复，结合整体预测可知，it很可能指的是视力。

►解析：文章的第一句提到，“关于眼镜和视力，人们有许多常见但有待证实的观点”。C项中的false notions正是文中的not proven facts的同义转述，故为正确答案。A、B、D三项文中均未提及，故可排除。

27. A) It may make the wearer feel tired.

B) It will gradually weaken the eyes of adults.

C) It can lead to the loss of vision in children.

D) It can permanently change the eye structure.

Q: What do studies about wearing the wrong glasses show?

A）它也许会使佩戴者感到疲劳。

B）它会逐渐伤害成人的眼睛。

C）它会造成儿童视力的丧失。

D）它会永久改变眼睛的结构。

问：有关戴错误的眼镜的研究表明了什么？

►解题思路：

①四项都以it开头。

②三项含有与眼睛或视力有关的词（eyes，vision，eye structure）。

③三项含有表示负面影响或结果的词（tired，weaken，loss）。

结论：本题可能考查的是it对视力造成的负面影响或结果。听音时应首先弄清楚it的指代对象。

►解析：文中提到，并没有证据表明在年幼时期戴眼镜会引起眼部结构的改变，故可先排除D。接着文中又讲到，戴不合适的眼镜的确是有害的，对于大人并没有什么危险，但对于孩子则可能引起失明，因此可排除B，选择C。A项文中并未提及，可排除。

28. A) It can never be done even with high technology.

B) It is the best way to restore damaged eyesight.

C) It is a major achievement in eye surgery.

D) It can only be partly accomplished now.

Q: What do we learn about eye transplanting from the talk?

A）即使利用高科技也绝不会做到。

B）它是修复受损视力的最好方法。

C）它是眼部手术方面的重大成就。

D）现在只能完成其中的某些部分。

问：我们从文章中了解到眼睛移植的什么信息？

►解题思路：

①四项均以it开头。

②两项含有与眼部手术有关的词（eye surgery，restore damaged eyesight），两项含有表示技术或成就的词（high technology，achievement）。

③两项含有表示完成或实现情况的词（never be done，partly accomplished）。

结论：本题可能涉及与眼部手术有关的技术，并考查该技术的实现情况。

►解析：文中提到，有近100万条神经纤维连接着眼球和大脑，就目前情况来看似乎并不可能将一个眼球完全移植给另一个人，只有部分眼球构造可以被替换，由此可知D项正确。文中继续提到，但是如果我们不断地理清错误的本质，学习有关眼睛的知识，有一天我们可能会实现眼球的完整移植。由此可以判断，眼球的移植并不一定是无法实现的，故排除A。B、C两项文中均未提及，故可排除。

Passage Two

听力原文&译文

When people care for an elderly relative, they often do not use available community services such as adult daycare centers.［29］If the caregivers are adult children, they are more likely to use such services, especially because they often have jobs and other responsibilities. In contrast, a spouse usually the wife, is much less likely to use support services or to put the dependent person in a nursing home.［30］Social workers discover that the wife normally tries to take care of her husband herself for as long as she can in order not to use up their life savings. Researchers have found that caring for the elderly can be a very positive experience. The elderly appreciated the care and attention they received. They were affectionate and cooperative. However, even when care-giving is satisfying, it is hard work. Social workers and experts on aging offer caregivers and potential caregivers help when arranging for the care of an elderly relative. One consideration is to ask parents what they want before they become sick or dependent. Perhaps they prefer going into a nursing home and can select one in advance. On the other hand, they may want to live with their adult children.［31］Caregivers must also learn to state their needs and opinions clearly and ask for help from others, especially brothers and sisters. Brothers and sisters are often willing to help, but they may not know what to do.

当人们照顾年迈的亲属时，他们通常不使用像成人日托中心这样的社区服务。［29］如果照顾者是成年子女，他们更可能使用这样的服务，尤其是因为他们通常有工作或别的责任。相反，配偶一方（通常为妻子）不大可能会使用支持性服务或把被照料人送到疗养院。［30］社会工作者们发现，妻子一般会在力所能及的情况下，尽量长期亲自照顾丈夫，为了不把他们的生活积蓄花光。研究者们发现照顾老人是一种积极的经历。老年人感激他们获得的照顾和关注。他们会很慈爱、很配合。然而，即使照顾人会令人满足，却是份辛苦的工作。当准备照顾或正在照顾年迈亲属的人在做安排之时，社会工作者和老年人研究专家会为其提供帮助。一个考虑就是在父母生病或需要被人照顾之前问他们想要什么。可能他们更愿意去疗养院，这样还能提前选一家。另一方面，他们也许想和自己的成年子女生活在一起。［31］照顾者还必须学会清楚说明自己的需要和想法，并向其他人寻求帮助，尤其是向兄弟姐妹。兄弟姐妹通常是愿意帮忙的，但他们也许不知道要做些什么。

整体预测

快速浏览各题选项，根据其中的关键词adult daycare centers、nursing homes、life savings、spend more time with them和make full use of community facilities推测，本文很可能谈论照料家里的老年人的情况，具体细节需要进一步分析各个选项。

29. A) They think they should follow the current trend.

B) Nursing homes are well-equipped and convenient.

C) Adult day-care centers are easily accessible.

D) They have jobs and other commitments.

Q: Why are adult children more likely to use community services to help care for elderly parents?

A）他们觉得他们应该跟随现在的潮流。

B）疗养院设备齐全，而且方便。

C）成人日托中心很容易进。

D）他们有工作和别的责任。

问：为什么成年子女更可能用社区服务来帮助照顾年迈父母？

►解题思路：

①两项以they开头，描述他们的想法或状况。

②两项提到了社会福利机构（nursing homes，adult day-care centers）。

结论：本题可能考查they和社会福利机构之间的某种联系，可能与they对这种机构的态度或看法有关。听音时需要找出they的指代对象，并把重点放在current trend、adult daycare centers、nursing homes和jobs and other responsibilities上。

►解析：文章开头部分指出，成年子女更倾向于使用成人日托中心这样的社区服务来照顾老人，主要是因为是他们有工作和其他的责任需要承担。四个选项中只有D项符合文意，故为正确答案。选项中的commitments是文中responsibilities的同义替换。其余三项文中均未提及，故排除。

30.  A) They don't want to use up all their life savings.

B) They fear they will regret it afterwards.

C) They would like to spend more time with them.

D) They don't want to see their husbands poorly treated.

Q: Why are most wives unwilling to put their dependent husbands into nursing homes?

A）她们不想把全部生活积蓄花掉。

B）她们害怕以后会后悔。

C）她们想花更多的时间和他们在一起。

D）她们不想看到丈夫受到差的对待。

问：为什么大部分妻子不愿意把她们需要被人照顾的丈夫送到疗养院？

►解题思路：

①四项均以they开头。

②四项均含有表示主观感受的词（don't want to，fear，would like to）。

③一项提到了them，一项提到了their husbands，两者可能指代相同。

结论：由以上第三点可知they指的是妻子，本题考查的内容可能与妻子想要或不想要做某事有关。

►解析：文中提到，社会工作者发现通常情况下妻子都愿意尽可能长期地亲自照顾自己的丈夫，以免花光他们毕生的积蓄（in order not to use up their life savings）。in order not to后的内容揭示了妻子行为的原因，故正确答案为A。

31. A) Provide professional standard care.

B) Be affectionate and cooperative.

C) Be frank and seek help from others.

D) Make full use of community facilities.

Q: According to the passage, what must caregivers learn to do?

A）提供专业标准水平的照顾。

B）充满慈爱而且很配合。

C）坦诚并向他人寻求帮助。

D）充分利用社区设施。

问：根据文章，照顾者必须学会做什么？

►解题思路：四项均以动词原形开头，可能考查动作、行为或者建议、要求。听音时需要弄清楚动作行为的实施者或者建议、要求的对象，然后根据问题做出进一步的判断。

►解析：文章末尾就caregivers（照顾者）应该如何做提出了一些建议。其中第二点是，照顾者也需要学会明确阐述自己的需求和意见，并向他人尤其是兄弟姐妹寻求帮助。C项很好地概括了这一意思，故为正确答案。其余三项文中均未提及。

Passage Three

听力原文&译文

Since a union representative visited our company to inform us about our rights and protections,［32］my coworkers have been worrying about health conditions and complaining about safety hazards in the workplace. Several of the employees in the computer department, for example, claim to be developing vision problems from having to stare at a video display terminal for about 7 hours a day. The supervisor of the laboratory is beginning to get headaches and dizzy spells because she says it's dangerous to breathe some of the chemical smoke there.［33］An X-ray technician is refusing to do her job until the firm agrees to replace its out-dated equipment. She insists that it's exposing workers to unnecessarily high doses of radiation. She thinks that she may have to contact the Occupational Safety and Health Administration and ask that government agency to inspect the department.［34］I've heard that at a factory in the area two pregnant women who were working with paint requested a transfer to a safer department, because they wanted to prevent damage to their unborn babies. The supervisor of personnel refused the request.［35］In another firm the workers were constantly complaining about the malfunctioning heating system, but the owner was too busy, or too mean, to do anything about it. Finally, they all met and agreed to wear ski-clothing to work the next day. The owner was too embarrassed to talk to his employees. But he had the heating system replaced right away.

自从一位工会代表来参观我们公司，并告知我们的权利和应受的保护后，［32］我的同事就总在担心自己的健康状况，并对工作场所的安全隐患表示抱怨。例如，计算机部门的几名员工称，他们每天都要花大概7个小时盯着视频显示终端，因此视力出现了问题。实验室的主管开始头痛和眩晕，因为她说呼吸实验室的一些化学烟雾很危险。［33］一名X射线技术员正拒绝工作，直到公司同意更换过时的设备方肯复工。她坚持认为，这是让工人接触不必要的高剂量辐射。她想她也许必须得联系职业安全与健康管理总署，并要求政府机构检查她的部门。［34］我听说，这一地区一家工厂中两名工作需接触油漆的孕妇要求被调到一个更安全的部门，因为她们想让未出生的宝宝远离危害。人力主管拒绝了她们的请求。［35］在另一家公司，员工不断抱怨有故障的供暖系统，但老板要么太忙，要么太吝啬，并没有为此采取任何措施。最终，全部员工会面并达成一致，第二天穿滑雪服来工作。老板太尴尬，没好意思和他的员工谈此事，但他马上把供暖系统给换了。

整体预测

快速浏览本部分所有选项可以发现，文章主要与工作、健康和员工权益有关。第一题涉及主要内容，第二题涉及行为，第三题涉及意见和要求，第四题涉及目的和意图。听音时应重点关注相关内容。

32.  A) Health and safety conditions in the workplace.

B) Rights and responsibilities of company employees.

C) Common complaints made by office workers.

D) Conflicts between labor and management.

Q: What does the talk focus on?

A）工作场所的健康和安全状况。

B）公司员工的权利和责任。

C）办公室员工的共同抱怨。

D）员工和管理层之间的冲突。

问：这段讲话主要谈论的是什么？

►解题思路：

①四项均为名词短语，具有概括性质。

②四项均与工作有关（workplace，employees，office workers，labor and management）。

③两项涉及不满和矛盾（complaints，conflicts）。

结论：本题是对与工作相关的内容进行概括，可能涉及一些不满或者矛盾。

►解析：本题考查对整篇文章主旨的把握。文章在开头处提到，自从有一位工会代表来到我们公司访问并向我们讲述了一些关于权益和自我保护的知识后，我的同事们就纷纷开始担心自己在工作场所的健康状况，抱怨一些可能的危险。后文接着列举了一些员工反映的关于自身工作健康和工作安全的问题。故A项最能概括文意。B项“公司员工的权利和责任”中的“责任”文中并未提及；C项“办公室员工的共同抱怨”过于宽泛；D项“员工与管理层之间的冲突”则夸大了话题的内容，均可排除。

33.  A) Replace its out-dated equipment.

B) Improve the welfare of affected workers.

C) Follow government regulations strictly.

D) Provide extra health compensation.

Q: What did an X-ray technician ask her company to do?

A）更换公司过时的设备。

B）改善受影响员工的福利。

C）严格遵守政府规定。

D）提供额外的健康补偿。

问：一名X射线技术员要求她的公司做什么？

►解题思路：

①四项均是以动词原形引导的祈使句，均表示某种要求或命令。

②三项含有表示改进或提高的内容（replace...out-dated equipment，improve the welfare，provide extra...compensation）。

结论：结合上题可知，本题可能是员工针对不满所提出的要求。

►解析：本题问的是一名X射线技术人员要求公司做什么。文章在展开论述时提到，一名X射线技术人员在公司同意更换陈旧的设备之前拒绝从事她的工作，称这一工作会使员工暴露于不必要的大量辐射之中。replace its out-dated equipment与文中表述完全一致，故应选A。

34.  A) They requested to transfer to a safer department.

B) They quit work to protect their unborn babies.

C) They sought help from union representatives.

D) They wanted to work shorter hours.

Q: What does the speaker say about the two pregnant women working with paint?

A）她们要求调到更安全的部门。

B）她们为保护还没出生的婴儿辞了职。

C）她们向工会代表寻求帮助。

D）她们想要工作更短时间。

问：关于两名工作需接触油漆的孕妇，说话者说了什么？

►解题思路：

①四个选项均以they开头。

②三项含有表示请求或需求的词（requested，sought help，wanted）。

③三项含有表示工作方面的调整或改变的词（transfer，quit，work shorter hours）。

结论：本题考查的内容可能与they在调整或改变工作方面的需求有关。

►解析：本题问的是根据讲话者的描述，两名怀有身孕的需要接触油漆的女工提出了怎样的要求。文中提到，在当地的一个工厂里有两名怀孕的女工在工作时需要接触油漆，她们要求被调到一个较为安全的部门，以免她们尚未出生的胎儿会受到不良的影响。A项中的to transfer to a safer department与文中的表述完全一致，故为正确答案。

35. A) To show how they love winter sports.

B) To attract the attention from the media.

C) To protest against the poor working conditions.

D) To protect themselves against the cold weather.

Q: Why did the workers in the firm wear ski-clothing to work?

A）证明他们非常喜爱冬季运动。

B）吸引媒体的关注。

C）抗议糟糕的工作条件。

D）保护自己，抵御寒冷的天气。

问：公司员工为什么穿滑雪服工作？

►解题思路：四个选项均以不定式开头，可能表示某种目的。本题信息点比较分散，考生在听音时需重点关注各选项的关键词：winter sports、media、working conditions以及cold weather，然后再根据问题做出进一步的判断。

►解析：本题问的是为什么公司的员工穿着滑雪服去上班。这一事例出现在文章结尾处。起因是这些员工不满于公司的供暖系统出现故障，他们向上级反映，但是公司领导由于太忙或太吝啬而未采取任何措施。最终这些员工穿着滑雪服去上班，领导觉得十分尴尬，立即更换了供暖系统。这些员工的行为显然是对公司的不良工作条件的一种无声抗议，故C项为正确答案。

Section C

听力原文&译文

Contrary to the old warning that time waits for no one, time slows down when you are on the move. It also slows down more as you move faster, which means astronauts (宇航员) someday may［36］survive so long in space that they would return to an Earth of the［37］distant future. If you could move at the speed of light, your time would stand still. If you could move faster than light, your time would move［38］backward.

Although no form of matter yet［39］discovered moves as fast as or faster than light,［40］scientific experiments have already confirmed that accelerated［41］motion causes a traveler's time to be stretched. Albert Einstein［42］predicted this in 1905, when he［43］introduced the concept of relative time as part of his Special Theory of Relativity. A search is now under way to confirm the suspected existence of particles of matter［44］that move at a speed greater than light, and therefore, might serve as our passports to the past.

An obsession (沉迷) with time—saving, gaining, wasting, losing, and mastering it—［45］seems to have been part of humanity for as long as humans have existed. Humanity also has been obsessed with trying to capture the meaning of time. Einstein［46］used a definition of time for experimental purposes, as that which is measured by a clock. Thus, time and time's relativity are measurable by any hourglass, alarm clock, or an atomic clock that can measure a billionth of a second.

与时间不等人这一古训相反，时间会在你活动时变慢。你动得越快，时间就会过得越慢，这就意味着也许有一天宇航员会在太空中［36］生存很长时间，然后回到已是［37］遥远未来的地球。如果你能以光速移动，你的时间就会停滞不前。而如果你能移动得比光还快，你的时间就会［38］倒退。

迄今为止，虽然还没有任何形式的已被［39］发现的物质和光速运动得一样快或比光速还快，但［40］科学实验已经证明加速［41］移动会造成旅行者时间的延长。1905年爱因斯坦就［42］预测到了这一点，当时他［43］引入了“相对时间”的概念，作为其狭义相对论的一部分。一项研究正在开展，以证实某种可疑物质粒子的存在。［44］这种粒子以比光还快的速度运动，因此，它也许会成为我们回到“过去”的通行证。

对时间的各种沉迷——节约、获得、挥霍、失去和控制——［45］自人类存在以来，就成为了人性的一部分。人类也痴迷于努力捕捉时间的意义。爱因斯坦［46］利用时间的定义来进行实验，用时钟来测量时间。这样，时间和时间的相对性可以用任何一种沙漏、闹钟，甚至是能测量到十亿分之一秒的原子钟来测量。

Part IV　Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)

Section A

科学家昨日表示，年纪较大的人比年轻人需要的睡眠要少这一普遍看法是错误的。

研究表明，虽然上了年纪的人［47］往往要比年轻时少睡几个小时，但这对他们大脑的机能有［48］负面影响，多睡一点对他们是有好处的。

肖恩·德拉蒙德是加利福尼亚大学圣地亚哥分校的心理医生。他说，年纪大的人更容易时睡时醒，而年轻点的人则更能够［49］高效地一觉睡到天亮。

但是他还说，年老时更多的睡眠［50］关系着更好的健康状况，如果睡眠时间长一些，大多数年长的人会感觉更好，反应更［51］机敏。

“随着年龄的增长，我们一整宿安睡的能力开始下降，但我们身体［52］运行良好所需的睡眠量并没有改变。”德拉蒙德医生在圣地亚哥的美国科学促进协会会议上说。

“［53］很明确的是，年纪大的人需要的睡眠少这一说法是错误的。一个年长的人越健康，他的睡眠时间就越像他［54］年轻时那样多。我们的数据表明，上了年纪的人如果能够［55］保持他们在30多岁时的睡眠时间，他们将会从中受益。情况因人而［56］异，但我们75岁时所需的睡眠量很可能就是我们35岁时的睡眠量。”

47. N

语法判断：空格前为主语elderly people，空格后为动词不定式短语to sleep for fewer hours，可知空格处应填入谓语动词。再分析下文时态，可知此处应填入动词的一般现在时形式。

语意判断：符合语法条件的选项有cling、function和tend三项。cling意为“抓紧”，function意为“运行”，均不符合文意，且其后都不能接动词不定式短语。tend to do sth.意为“往往会做某事；常常会做某事”，符合文意。故选N。

48. L

语法判断：空格前为不定冠词a（n），空格后为名词effect，可知此处应填形容词来修饰后面的名词。

语意判断：选项中的形容词有alert、associated、different、negative和sufficient。分析句子可知，while在这里意为“虽然，尽管”，后半句有转折的含义。根据常识以及后面的句子they would benefit from getting more（多睡一点对他们是有好处的）可知，年纪大的人睡得少对大脑机能有不好的影响。而alert（警觉的，机敏的）、associated（相关的）、different（不同的）、sufficient（足够的）都与文意不符，只有negative（负面的）符合句意。故选L。

49. H

语法判断：空格前是动词sleeping，空格后是副词和介词短语straight through the night，可知此处应填入一个副词来修饰前面的动词。

语意判断：符合条件的选项有definitely、efficiently和formally三项。根据while的转折关系可知，年轻人的情况与老年人broken sleep的情况正好相反，因此应选efficiently（有效地），表明年轻人的睡眠质量比老年人好。而definitely（确定地）和formally（正式地）均不符合句意。

50. B

语法判断：空格前是系动词is，空格后是介词with，可知空格处应填入形容词或动词的分词形式，且能与with搭配。

语意判断：在备选的形容词和动词分词中，最常与with搭配的是associated和mixed。根据后一句话“如果睡眠时间长一些，大多数年长的人会感觉更好……”可知，老年时更多的睡眠量会影响到一个人健康状况。而be associated with表示“与……相关”，符合句意。故选B。

51. A

语法判断：空格前是feel better and more，可知此处应填入形容词原形。

语意判断：符合语法条件的形容词有alert、different和sufficient三项。根据句意可知，此处要表达的是感觉健康状况更好的意思，different和sufficient均不能表达此意，而alert（机敏的）符合句意。故选A。

52. J

语法判断：空格前是need to，空格后是副词，可知此处应填入一个动词原形。

语意判断：符合语法条件的动词有cling和function两项。将这两项代入空格处，得到的句子分别是the amount of sleep we need to cling well（我们好好坚持所需的睡眠量）和the amount of sleep we need to function well（我们身体运行良好所需的睡眠量），前者语义不通，而后者符合文意。故选J。

53. F

语法判断：空格前是形式主语it和系动词is，空格后是冠词加名词a myth，可知此处应填入副词。

语意判断：符合语法条件的副词有definitely和formally。文章在第一段就表明，older people need less sleep这个观点是错误的，而后经过具体论证，更加肯定这一观点不正确，故选definitely。而formally（正式地）明显不符合句意。

54. O

语法判断：空格前为系动词，可知此处应填入形容词或分词。

语意判断：文中一直将年纪较大的人和年纪较轻的人的情况进行对比，此处也不例外：“一个年长的人越健康，他的睡眠时间就越像他年轻时那样多。”只有younger符合句意，故选O。

55. E

语法判断：空格前为介词from，空格后为不定式短语，可知空格处应填入一个动词，且在介词后应使用动名词形式。

语意判断：符合条件的动名词有attracting和continuing两项。continue to do sth.表示“继续做某事”，符合句意，而attract不能直接接带to的不定式，故选E。

56. G

语法判断：空格前为系动词is，空格后为介词from，可知此处应填入形容词或动词的分词形式，且能与from搭配。

语意判断：符合语法条件的选项只有different。be different from person to person表示“因人而异”，符合句意。故选G。

Section B

Passage One

［57］最近的几项研究发现，随机分配不同种族的室友会使人变得更加宽容，但也增加了产生冲突的可能性。

近来的报告表明，与不同种族的学生同住可能会减少歧视，同时促使学生与更多其他民族的学生成为朋友。

俄亥俄州州立大学的一项研究也发现，与白人室友同住的黑人学生在整个大学期间能够取得更高的学术成就。研究者们认为这可能是由社会压力所导致的。

萨姆·博阿基耶是他上大一时他们楼层里唯一的黑人学生，他在《纽约时报》的一篇文章中写道，［58］“如果你的周围都是白人，你就要去证明一些事情。”

研究人员还发现，安排不同种族的学生住在一起会导致一些问题。

根据最近的两项研究，随机分配的不同种族的室友更有可能发生十分激烈的冲突，以至于其中一个室友会搬出宿舍。

［59］印第安纳大学的一项研究发现，到学期结束时，不同种族的室友不再继续同住的几率是两个白人室友的三倍。

宾夕法尼亚大学的教授格雷丝·高说，她对这些发现并不吃惊。“对于这些学生中的部分人来说，这可能是他们第一次与不同种族的人相处并一起生活。”

在宾夕法尼亚大学，学生在申请宿舍的时候不要求写明种族情况。

大学生联盟主席亚历克·韦伯利说：“关于大一新生宿舍最有意思的一件事情就是，除了一些个别的情况，［60］宿舍分配流程会把两个人随机地分到一起。这就是融合的定义。”

宾夕法尼亚大学的一位住宿顾问说：“我经历过不同种族的学生做室友时的冲突，既有破除成见的，也有使成见加深的。”这位工作了两年的住宿顾问补充道，虽然有些冲突“提供了更多接纳和融合多元文化的机会”，但还有一些是“令人不快的文化冲突”。

这位住宿顾问说，这些冲突也曾发生在同种族的室友之间。

［61］高说，她提醒人们不要以上面提到的任何一项研究为基础得出任何结论，并指出人们应该对学生的更多背景特征进行研究和说明。

【论说文：不同种族的学生同住有利有弊】

第1段：不同种族的学生同住会使人变得更加宽容，但也增加了冲突的可能性。

第2～4段：不同种族的学生同住所带来的好处。

第5～7段：不同种族的学生同住存在的问题。

第8～13段：宾夕法尼亚大学的例子表明，与不同种族的学生同住到底是好是坏不能一概而论。

57. What can we learn from some recent studies?

A) Conflicts between students of different races are unavoidable.

B) Students of different races are prejudiced against each other.

C) Interracial lodging does more harm than good.

D) Interracial lodging may have diverse outcomes.

我们能从近期的一些研究中了解到什么？

A）不同种族学生间的冲突不能避免。

B）不同种族的学生间相互歧视。

C）不同种族的学生住在一起坏处大于好处。

D）不同种族的学生住在一起可能会有不同结果。

►定位：由题干中的some recent studies以及出题顺序与文章顺序基本一致的原则，可将答案定位到第一段第一句。

►解析：本题问从近来的研究中可以知道什么。文章第一段第一句指出，“最近的几项研究发现，随机分配不同种族的室友会使人变得更加宽容，但也增加了产生冲突的可能性。”由这句话可以看出，不同种族的室友住在一起既有利也有弊。由此可知，答案应该选D“不同种族的学生住在一起可能会有不同的结果”。选项A、B、C文中均未提及，故排除。

58. What does Sam Boakye's remark mean?

A) White students tend to look down upon their black peers.

B) Black students can compete with their white peers academically.

C) Black students feel somewhat embarrassed among white peers during the freshman year.

D) Being surrounded by white peers motivates a black student to work harder to succeed.

萨姆·博阿基耶的评论表明什么？

A）白人学生往往看不起他们的黑人同学。

B）黑人学生能在学业上与他们的白人同学竞争。

C）大一时黑人学生在他们的白人同学中会觉得有些尴尬。

D）身边都是白人同学会激励一名黑人学生更加努力学习以获得成功。

►定位：由题干中的Sam Boakye可将答案定位到第四段。

►解析：文章第四段指出，Sam在文章中写道，“如果你的周围都是白人，你就要去证明一些事情”。根据常识可知，Sam要证明的事情一定是黑人与白人一样可以获得成功，而且Sam的评论是用来证明第二段提出的观点的，即“与白人室友同住的黑人学生在整个大学期间能够取得更高的学术成就”，综上可知本题选D“身边都是白人同学会激励一名黑人学生更加努力学习以获得成功”。

59. What does the Indiana University's study show?

A) Interracial roommates are more likely to fall out.

B) Few white students like sharing a room with a black peer.

C) Roommates of different races just don't get along.

D) Assigning students' lodging randomly is not a good policy.

印第安纳大学的研究表明了什么？

A）不同种族的室友更有可能吵架。

B）几乎没有白人学生喜欢与黑人同学同住。

C）不同种族的室友就是无法相处。

D）随机分配学生的宿舍不是个好策略。

►定位：根据题干中的信息词Indiana University study将答案定位到第七段。

►解析：第七段指出“印第安纳大学的一项研究发现，到学期结束之前，不同种族的室友不再继续同住的几率是两个白人室友的三倍。”也就是说不同种族的室友更容易产生矛盾，故选项A“不同种族的室友更有可能吵架”正确，其中fall out意为“失和，吵架”。选项B和D都不符合原文的意思，而选项C过于绝对。

60. What does Alec Webley consider to be the "definition of integration"?

A) Students of different races are required to share a room.

B) Interracial lodging is arranged by the school for freshmen.

C) Lodging is assigned to students of different races without exception.

D) The school randomly assigns roommates without regard to race.

亚历克·韦伯利认为“融合的定义”是什么？

A）不同种族的学生被要求同住。

B）学校为大一学生安排不同种族学生混住的宿舍。

C）为不同种族学生分配宿舍没有什么例外。

D）学校随机分配学生宿舍，不考虑种族问题。

►定位：根据题干中的信息词Alec Webley和definition of integration将答案定位到文章第十段。

►解析：文章第十段出现了This is the definition of integration，由此可见，在上文中找到this所指的内容就可以解答这道题。this指的是前一句话“关于大一新生宿舍最有意思的一件事情就是，除了一些个别的情况，宿舍分配流程会把两个人随机地分到一起”。由此可知，Alec认为融合的定义就是学校不考虑学生的种族而随机地给他们分配宿舍。故答案为D。

61. What does Grace Kao say about interracial lodging?

A) It is unscientific to make generalizations about it without further study.

B) Schools should be cautious when making decisions about student lodging.

C) Students' racial background should be considered before lodging is assigned.

D) Experienced resident advisors should be assigned to handle the problems.

格雷丝·高对不同种族的学生住在一起这一现象有什么言论？

A）没有深入研究就对此做概论是不科学的。

B）对于学生的住宿问题，学校在作决定时须谨慎。

C）为学生分配宿舍之前应考虑他们的种族背景。

D）应安排一些有经验的住宿顾问来处理相关问题。

►定位：根据题干中的信息词Grace Kao以及出题顺序与文章顺序基本一致的原则将答案定位到文章最后一段。

►解析：最后一段指出，“高说，她提醒人们不要以上面提到的任何一项研究为基础得出任何结论，并指出人们应该对学生的更多背景特征进行研究和说明。”由此可知，高认为，通过现有的研究不足以对现在的情况进行概括，需要进行更深入的研究。选项A与这一意思相符，故为正确答案。其他三个选项均不是高的观点。

Passage Two

［62］根据全球人道主义论坛提供的一份报告，全球变暖每年会导致30多万人死亡并造成约1250亿美元的经济损失。该组织是由联合国前任秘书长科菲·安南领导的。

这份将于周五发布的报告分析了有关健康、灾难、人口和经济趋势的数据和现有研究。报告表明，受人类影响的气候变化引起了包括营养不良和与高温有关的健康问题在内的疾病，从而导致全球死亡率上升。

然而，尽管尚未正式发布，［63］这份报告已经遭到了一些气候和风险专家的批评，他们质疑报告中采用的研究方法和得出的结论。

除了死亡以外，报告还指出，主要分布在贫穷国家的3.25亿人的生命受到了气候变化的严重影响。报告预计，到2030年时这一数字会增加一倍。

小罗杰·皮尔克是科罗拉多大学博尔德分校的一名政治科学家，他主要研究灾难的趋势。［64］他指出，该论坛的这份报告“使用的方法论令人尴尬”，因为根本无法将落后地区因人类所导致的全球变暖而引起的死亡和经济损失与由于人口增长和经济发展所导致的更大规模的损失区分开来。皮尔克博士说：“气候变化是一个重大问题，需要我们给予最高度的重视。”但他还说，这份报告“会有损对气候变化和灾难采取行动的动机，因为该报告存在着十分重大的瑕疵。”

然而，来自对报告撰写进行监督的机构——达尔贝格全球发展合作机构的社会科学家索伦·安德烈亚森为报告进行了辩护。［65］他说，很明显报告中的数据都只是大致的估算。同时他指出，报告的主要对象是世界各国的领导人，他们将于12月在哥本哈根会晤，商讨新的国际气候条约。

在一篇介绍这份报告的新闻稿中，［66］安南先生强调了进行协商的必要性，并提到协商的重点是增加富裕地区向贫困地区的资金流动以帮助贫困地区降低气候灾害所产生的影响，同时继续控制富裕地区吸热气体的排放。根据这份报告，因气候变化而导致的人力和经济损失中超过90％都发生在贫困国家。

【论说文：关于全球变暖是否带来巨大损失的争论】

第1～2段：一份报告指出，全球变暖每年会导致众多人口死亡，并造成巨大的经济损失。

第3～5段：部分专业人士质疑这份报告采用的方法及得出的结论。

第6段：支持者称，报告中的数据只是估算，目的是为了引起世界各国领导人的重视。

第7段：安南先生强调了就全球变暖问题进行协商的必要性。

62. What is the finding of the Global Humanitarian Forum?

A) Global temperatures affect the rate of economic development.

B) Rates of death from illnesses have risen due to global warming.

C) Malnutrition has caused serious health problems in poor countries.

D) Economic trends have to do with population and natural disasters.

全球人道主义论坛的发现成果是什么？

A）全球气温影响了经济增长率。

B）全球变暖致使疾病造成的死亡率上升。

C）营养不良已在贫穷国家造成了严重的健康问题。

D）经济发展趋势与人口及自然灾害有关。

►定位：根据题干中的信息词Global Humanitarian Forum将答案定位到文章第一段。

►解析：文章第一段指出，“根据全球人道主义论坛提供的一份报告，全球变暖每年会导致30多万人死亡并造成约1250亿美元的经济损失。”而第二段进一步指出，“受人类影响的气候变化引起了包括营养不良和与高温有关的健康问题在内的疾病，从而导致全球死亡率上升”。四个选项中，只有选项B“全球变暖致使疾病造成的死亡率上升”与原文表意一致，故为正确答案。其他三项均不是全球人道主义论坛的发现，故排除。

63. What do we learn about the Forum's report from the passage?

A) It was challenged by some climate and risk experts.

B) It aroused a lot of interest in the scientific circles.

C) It was warmly received by environmentalists.

D) It caused a big stir in developing countries.

我们从文中了解到关于此论坛报告的什么信息？

A）它受到了一些气候与风险专家的质疑。

B）它引起了科学界的很大兴趣。

C）它受到了环境保护主义者的热烈欢迎。

D）它在发展中国家中引起了很大轰动。

►定位：题干中除了the Forum's report没有其他的信息词，但可以根据出题顺序与文章顺序基本一致的原则将答案定位到文章第三段。

►解析：文章第三段指出，“这份报告已经遭到了一些气候和风险专家的批评，他们质疑报告中采用的方法和得出的结论”。由此可知正确答案为A“受到了一些气候与风险专家的质疑”。选项中的was challenged对应原文中的drew criticism。其他三项文中均未提及，故排除。

64. What does Dr. Pielke say about the Forum's report?

A) Its statistics look embarrassing.

B) It is invalid in terms of methodology.

C) It deserves our closest attention.

D) Its conclusion is purposely exaggerated.

皮尔克博士谈到了有关该论坛报告的什么信息？

A）它的统计数据看起来令人尴尬。

B）它的研究方法是无效的。

C）它值得我们密切关注。

D）它的结论被刻意夸大了。

►定位：根据题干中的信息词Dr. Pielke将答案定位到文章第四段。

►解析：文章第四段中提到，小罗杰·皮尔克认为“该论坛的这份报告‘使用的方法论令人尴尬’”。由第三段可知，气候和风险专家对这份报告采取的方法和得出的结果表示质疑，而小罗杰·皮尔克的看法是这一观点的一个例证，他认为这一报告从方法上来说是存在问题的，故正确答案为B。A项“它的统计数据看起来令人尴尬”和D项“它的结论被刻意夸大了”都是文中没有提及的信息，故排除。C项“它值得我们密切关注”之所以错误是因为皮尔克所说的值得密切关注的是气候变化，而不是这份报告，故也可排除。

65. What is Soren Andreasen's view of the report?

A) Its conclusions are based on carefully collected data.

B) It is vulnerable to criticism if the statistics are closely examined.

C) It will give rise to heated discussions at the Copenhagen conference.

D) Its rough estimates are meant to draw the attention of world leaders.

索伦·安德烈亚森对该报告的观点是什么？

A）它的结论基于精心收集的数据。

B）如果仔细检查数据，它很容易受到批评。

C）它将在哥本哈根会议上引起激烈讨论。

D）它的粗略估算是要吸引世界领导人的关注。

►定位：根据题干中的信息词Soren Andreason将答案定位到文章第五段。

►解析：文章第五段中提到，索伦·安德烈亚森称，“很明显报告中的数据都只是大致的估算”，“报告的主要对象是世界各国的领导人”，由此可知正确答案为D项。A项“它的结论基于精心收集的数据”明显与原文rough estimates不符；B项“如果仔细检查数据，它很容易受到批评”与原文信息不符，原文指出索伦·安德烈亚森为报告进行了辩护，而该选项对报告持的是负面态度，故可排除；C项文中没有提及。

66. What does Kofi Annan say should be the focus of the Copenhagen conference?

A) How rich and poor regions can share responsibility in curbing global warming.

B) How human and economic losses from climate change can be reduced.

C) How emissions of heat-trapping gases can be reduced on a global scale.

D) How rich countries can better help poor regions reduce climate hazards.

科菲·安南称哥本哈根会议应聚焦于什么？

A）贫富地区能怎样共同担负起抑制全球变暖的责任。

B）怎样减少气候变化带来的人类和经济损失。

C）怎样减少全球范围内的吸热气体排放。

D）富裕国家如何能更好地帮助贫穷地区减少气候危害。

►定位：根据题干中的信息词Kofi Annan以及出题顺序与文章顺序基本一致的原则将答案定位到文章最后一段。

►解析：文章最后一段提到，“安南先生强调了进行协商的必要性，并提到协商的重点是提高富裕地区向贫困地区的资金流动以帮助贫困地区降低气候灾害所产生的影响，同时控制富裕地区吸热气体的排放”，由此可知正确答案为D。虽然文章中也提到了控制吸热气体的排放，但是指富裕地区要对其进行控制，而不是说全球各个地区如何减少吸热气体的排放，故排除C项。

Part V　Cloze

当谈到为了你的心脏健康要聪明饮食时，不要考虑短期的解决办法，而是用一种直接的方法让你的生活变得简单，这种方法将会使你在未来的日子里受益。

聪明饮食不只是分析你送到嘴里的每一口食物。“过去我们常常认为，摄入特定数量的各种营养物是身体健康的关键。”美国心脏协会营养委员会的主席琳达·范·霍恩说。“但是现在我们对于健康饮食和预防疾病所需饮食的种类的理解有所不同了，不仅仅指预防心脏病，而且指一般的疾病。”她补充说道。

现在科学家关注更广泛意义上的、在几天或一周之内的饮食均衡状况，而不关注每一餐所吃的这种或那种（营养物）的毫克数。

例如，水果、蔬菜和全麦食品提供对身体健康至关重要的营养和植物化合物。“我们了解得越多，就越为它们所含的丰富的重要物质和它们是怎样相互作用来保持我们身体健康而惊讶。”范·霍恩继续说道。

如果你的餐盘食物里有四分之三是蔬菜、水果和全麦食品，你将会自然而然地踏上维持心脏健康的正确饮食之路。而瘦肉、鸡肉、鱼肉或鸡蛋可以用来填充剩下的那四分之一。

很明显，你选择吃和不吃的食物都会对你的健康产生影响。毋庸置疑，在这方面你做的每一个小小的决定都会对你以后的健康产生重大影响。

第1段：引出话题，提出要通过聪明饮食来预防心脏问题。

第2～3段：将新旧饮食观念进行对比。

第4段：举例阐述新的聪明饮食观念。

第5段：说明如何进行聪明饮食。

第6段：总结全文，指出关于饮食的任何决定都会影响个人未来的身体健康。

67. D

语境分析：本空位于文章第二段首句。第一段引出话题，指出要通过聪明饮食预防心脏问题。第二段开始进行具体阐述。该句大意为，“聪明饮食不只是分析你送到嘴里的每一口食物”。

词义分析：此处考查的是lift与介词的搭配。要表达“送到嘴里”，只有D项合适，to表示“到，往”，代表动作的方向。A项between表示“之间”，B项through表示“通过”，C项inside表示“里面”，都不表示动作的方向。

68. C

语境分析：本空位于第二段第二句。in the past和used to提示我们，该句主要讲述过去的饮食观点。结合选项可知，这里需要选择一个能与amounts搭配的形容词，四项中只有specific能与amounts连用，表示“特定的数量”，故本题选C。

词义分析：serious“严肃的；严重的”；splendid“壮观的；极好的”；specific“特定的”；separate“单独的；分开的”。

69. A

语境分析：本空仍位于第二段第二句。该句想表达的意思是：“……摄入特定数量的各种营养物是身体健康的关键”。四项中只有key能够表达“关键”的意思。

词义分析：key“关键”；point“点；要点”；lead“领先地位；榜样”；center“中心”。

70. B

语境分析：本空位于第二段第三句。由句中的but和now可知，该句与上一句构成转折和对比关系。由对比关系以及下文论述可知，现在我们对健康饮食和人体所需食物的理解与过去不同，故此处应选B。

词义分析：strict“严格的，严厉的”；different“不同的”；typical“典型的”；natural“自然的”。

71. B

语境分析：本空仍位于第二段第三句。此处的necessary to ______ not only heart disease but disease ______ general是后置定语，修饰the kinds of food，意为“不仅是______心脏疾病所需的食物，而且是______普通疾病所需的食物”。可以看出此处需要一个表示“预防”的词，故选B。

词义分析：rescue“营救”；prevent“预防”；forbid“禁止”；offend“冒犯；违反”。

72. A

语境分析：本空也位于第二段第三句。______ general是disease的后置定语。由上题分析可知，此处要表达的是“普通疾病”。四项中只有in能与general搭配，表示“一般的，普通的”。

词义分析：in“在……里面”，in general“一般而言”；upon“在……之上”；for“为了”；by“通过……方式”。

73. C

语境分析：本空位于第三段第一句。该句意为，“现在科学家______更广泛意义上的饮食平衡”。结合选项可知，此处选C，focus on表示“关注，侧重于”。

词义分析：本题考查与on搭配的短语意义辨析。turn on“打开；依靠”；put on“穿上”；carry on“继续”。

74. A

语境分析：本空仍位于第三段。结合上题的分析可知，此处要表达的意思是“现在科学家关注更广泛意义上的，在几天或一周之内的饮食均衡状况”。结合选项可知，只有over可以和several days or a week搭配，表示“在几天或一周的时间内”，故选A。

词义分析：over“在……期间”；along“沿着”；with“随着”；beyond“超过”。

75. C

语境分析：本空仍位于第三段。由several days or a week和each meal可以看出，than前后的内容在进行对比。既然科学家关注更广泛意义上的饮食均衡，那么每一餐的食物均衡情况就不是他们的关注范围了。故可知此处选C，rather than表示“而不是”。

词义分析：四个选项都能与than连用。other than“除……之外”；better than“比……更好”；rather than“而不是”；sooner than“早于”。

76. B

语境分析：本空仍位于第三段。由第75题的分析可知，这里的the number of milligrams of this or that ______ at each meal要表达的意思是每一餐所吃的这种或那种（营养物）的毫克数，四项中只有B项有“吃”的意思。考生可以从以下角度来做出判断：由于than前后的内容构成对比关系，this or that ______ at each meals与food eaten ______ several days or a week的结构类似，故此处应选一个与eaten意义相近的词，据此也能推断出答案为B。

词义分析：conveyed“传达；表达”；consumed“吃；消费”；entered“进入”；exhausted“用完；耗尽”。

77. A

语境分析：本空位于第四段第一句。该句讲述的是新的聪明饮食观念，大意是水果、蔬菜和谷类食物能提供对身体健康很重要的营养物。四项中只有vital符合句意，表示“重要的；必需的”。

词义分析：vital“重要的；必需的”；initial“最初的；开始的”；valid“有效的，有根据的”，主要指法律上有效，而不是效果上有效；radical“激进的；彻底的”。

78. C

语境分析：本空位于第四段第二句。由该句后面的keep us healthy可知，该句在继续讲述水果、蔬菜和谷物等对健康的好处。因此，本句前半部分应该表达的意思是“我们了解的东西越多，就越为它们（即水果、蔬菜和谷物等）所含的丰富的重要物质而______。”结合选项可知，此处应选C，表示“惊奇”。

词义分析：disturbed“被打扰的”；depressed“沮丧的；消沉的”；amazed“惊奇的”；amused“愉快的”。

79. B

语境分析：本空仍位于第四段第二句。由上题的分析可知，空格前的they指代水果、蔬菜和谷物。从句子结构来看，they______是定语从句，修饰essential substances。因为水果、蔬菜和谷物与substances是包含与被包含的关系，故此处应选表示“包含”之意的contain。

词义分析：retain“保持”；contain“包含”；attain“获得；达到”；maintain“保持；维持”。

80. B

语境分析：本空仍位于第四段第二句。how they ______ with each other to keep us healthy与the wealth of essential substances they contain一样，都是介词by的宾语，想表达的意思是“他们是怎样相互______来保持我们身体健康的”。结合选项可知，只有interact符合句意。从搭配上来看，只有A、B两项能与with搭配，但是interfere with是“干扰，干涉”的意思，不符合句意。

词义分析：interfere with“干扰，干涉”；interact with“相互作用”；reckon“认为；料想”；rest“依靠；取决于”，通常与on连用。

81. C

语境分析：本空位于第五段第一句。该句大意为：如果水果、蔬菜和谷类占自己摄入食物的3/4，那么你就会自然而然地踏上有利心脏健康的正确饮食之路。此处考查固定搭配，四个选项中只有on能与the right track搭配，表示“在正确的道路上；做法对路”。

词义分析：at“在……之上”；of“……的”；on“在……上面”；within“在……里面”。

82. D

语境分析：本空仍位于第五段第一句。由上题分析可知，此空所在的从句想表达的意思是水果、蔬菜和谷类占自己摄入食物的3/4。故此处应选D，make up表示“构成，组成”。

词义分析：此处考查的是动词词组辨析。make out“辨明；理解”；make into“把……制成”；make off“急忙离开；逃走”。

83. B

语境分析：本空位于第五段第二句。该句仍然讲述食物搭配。上一句说果蔬与谷类应占饮食的3/4，而该句则阐述剩下的1/4需要用什么来填充。因此，此处需要选一个表示“填充，填满”之意的词，故选B。

词义分析：此处考查动词词义辨析。engage“从事”；fill“填充，填满”；insert“插入”；pack“打包”。

84. C

语境分析：本空位于第六段第一句。该段是对全文的总结。由句中的as well as可知，those you choose to ______与the food you choose to eat构成并列关系，都是well-being的原因。结合选项可知，those you choose to ______想表达的意思是“你选择不吃（或者避免吃）的食物”，故选C。

词义分析：delete“删除”；hinder“阻碍，妨碍”；avoid“避免”；spoil“破坏，损坏”。

85. D

语境分析：本空位于第六段第二句。本句顺接上一句，继续阐述我们在饮食方面的决定对未来健康的影响。without a ______属于插入语，结合选项可知应选doubt，表示“毫无疑问”。

词义分析：notion一般不与without搭配。hesitation、reason可直接与without搭配，without hesitation“毫不犹豫”，without reason“毫无道理”。without a doubt是固定搭配，表示“毫无疑问”。

86. C

语境分析：本空位于第六段第二句。由上题的分析可知，空格处填入的词应带有“影响”的含义。四个选项中只有C符合。

词义分析：outcome“产出；结果”；function“功能，作用”；impact“影响”，make a big impact on sth.“对某事产生重大影响”；commitment“承诺”，make a commitment“做出承诺”。

Part VI　Translation

87. nor did they explain why

【考查点】句型：否定副词nor引起的部分倒装句，即“nor＋助动词/情态动词＋主语＋动词原形”，表示“也不（没有）……”。

【随学随练】Li Na will not take it for granted that she stands for the highest level of women's tennis sport, ______ (也不会停止刻苦训练).

88. could be assigned to do another job

【考查点】短语：be assigned to do sth.

句型：wish后接虚拟情况的宾语从句，即“主语＋wish＋that＋从句主语＋（should/could）＋do sth.”，表示“希望……”。

【随学随练】Linda is majoring in marketing so she wishes that she ______ (将来能经商).

89. at the risk of his own life

【考查点】短语：at the risk of

【随学随练】Sam is determined to invest the stock market ______ (冒着失去全部存款的风险).

90. was his assistant who / that picked up the telephone // turned out that his assistant answered the phone

【考查点】短语：pick up the telephone，answer the phone

句型：强调句型it is ...who / that...，it turns / turned out that...意为“结果……”。

【随学随练】We've learned a lot about the company, but it ______ (让我们感受最深的是它的企业文化).

The audience thought rebellious Jim committed the murder at first, but it ______ (结果却是他的性格安静的双胞胎弟弟做的).

91. his father persuaded him into

【考查点】短语：persuade sb. into doing sth.

【随学随练】______ (这位母亲成功地说服她的儿子) changing his bad habits, which surprised us all.

大学英语四级考试

2011年12月真题

COLLEGE ENGLISH TEST

— Band Four —

试　题　册

注意事项

一、将自己的校名、姓名、准考证号写在答题卡1和答题卡2上。将本试卷代号划在答题卡2上。

二、试卷册、答题卡1和答题卡2均不得带出考场。考试结束，监考员收卷后考生才可离开。

三、仔细读懂题目的说明。

四、在30分钟内做完答题卡1上的作文题。30分钟后，考生按指令启封试题册，在接着的15分钟内完成快速阅读理解部分的试题。然后监考员收取答题卡1，考生在答题卡2上完成其余部分的试题。全部答题时间为125分钟，不得拖延时间。

五、考生必须在答题卡上作答，凡是写在试题册上的答案一律无效。

六、多项选择题每题只能选一个答案；如多选，则该题无分。选定答案后，用HB-2B浓度的铅笔在相应字母的中部划一条横线。

正确方法是：［A］［C］［D］。

使用其他符号答题者不给分。划线要有一定的粗度，浓度要盖过字母底色。

七、如果要改动答案，必须先用橡皮擦净原来选定的答案，然后再按规定重新答题。

八、在考试过程中要注意对自己的答案保密。若被他人抄袭，一经发现，后果自负。

Part I　Writing　(30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Nothing Succeeds Without a Strong Will by commenting on the humorous saying, "Quitting smoking is the easiest thing in the world. I've done it hundreds of times." You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

Nothing Succeeds Without a Strong Will

Part Ⅱ　Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)　(15 minutes)

Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.

Why Integrity Matters

What Is Integrity?

The key to integrity is consistency—not only setting high personal standards for oneself (honesty, responsibility, respect for others, fairness) but also living up to those standards each and every day. One who has integrity is bound by and follows moral and ethical (道德上的) standards even when making life's hard choices, choices which may be clouded by stress, pressure to succeed, or temptation.

What happens if we lie, cheat, steal, or violate other ethical standards? We feel disappointed in ourselves and ashamed. But a lapse (缺失) of integrity also affects our relationships with others. Trust is essential in any important relationship, whether personal or professional. Who can trust someone who is dishonest or unfair? Thus, integrity must be one of our most important goals.

Risky Business

We are each responsible for our own decisions, even if the decision-making process has been undermined by stress or peer pressure. The real test of character is whether we can learn from our mistake, by understanding why we acted as we did and then exploring ways to avoid similar problems in the future.

Making ethical decisions is a critical part of avoiding future problems. We must learn to recognize risks, because if we can't see the risks we're taking, we can't make responsible choices. To identify risks, we need to know the rules and be aware of the facts. For example, one who doesn't know the rules about plagiarism (剽窃) may accidentally use words or ideas without giving proper credit, or one who fails to keep careful research notes may unintentionally fail to quote and cite sources as required. But the fact that such a violation is "unintentional" does not excuse the misconduct. Ignorance is not a defense.

"But Everybody Does It"

Most people who get in trouble do know the rules and facts but manage to fool themselves about the risks they're taking by using excuses: "Everyone else does it," "I'm not hurting anyone," or "I really need this grade." Excuses can get very elaborate: "I know I'm looking at another's exam, but that's not cheating because I'm just checking my answers, not copying." We must be honest about our actions and avoid excuses. If we fool ourselves into believing we're not doing anything wrong, we can't see the real choice we're making—and that leads to bad decisions.

To avoid fooling yourself, watch out for excuses and try this test: Ask how you would feel if your actions were public and anyone could be watching over your shoulder. If you'd rather hide your actions, that's an indication that you're taking a risk and rationalizing it to yourself.

Evaluating Risks

To decide whether a risk is worth taking, you must examine the consequences, in the future as well as right now, negative as well as positive, and to others as well as to yourself. Those who take risks they later regret usually focus on immediate benefits and simply haven't considered what might go wrong. The consequences of getting caught are serious and may include a "0" on a test or assignment, an "F" in the class, suspension (暂令停学) or dismissal from school and a ruined reputation. In fact, when you break a rule or law, you lose control over your life and give others the power to impose punishment that you have no control over. This is an extremely vulnerable (脆弱的) position. There may be some matters of life and death or highest principle, which might justify such a risk, but there aren't many things that fall in this category.

Getting Away With It—Or Not

Those who don't get caught pay an even higher price. A cheater doesn't learn from the test, which deprives (剥夺) him/her of an education. Cheating undermines confidence and independence; the cheater is a fraud, and knows that without dishonesty, he/she would have failed. Cheating destroys self-respect and integrity, leaving the cheater ashamed, guilty, and afraid of getting caught. Worst of all, a cheater who doesn't get caught the first time usually cheats again, not only because he/she is farther behind, but also because it seems "easier." This slippery slope of eroding ethics and bigger risks leads only to disaster. Eventually, the cheater gets caught, and the later he/she gets caught, the worse the consequences.

Cheating Hurts Others, Too

Cheaters often feel invisible, as if their actions "don't count" and don't really hurt anyone. But individual choices have an intense cumulative (累积的) effect. Cheating can spread like a disease. Recent statistics suggest 30% or more of college students cheat. If a class is graded on a curve, cheating hurts others' grades. Even if there is no curve, cheating "poisons" the classroom, and others may feel pressured to join in. ("If I don't cheat, I can't compete with those who do.") Cheating also has a destructive impact on teachers. The real reward of good teaching is seeing students learn, but a cheater says, "I'm not interested in what you're trying to teach; all I care about is stealing a grade, regardless of the effect on others." The end result is a destructive attack on the quality of your education. Finally, cheating can hurt the reputation of the university and harm those who worked hard for their degree.

Why Integrity Matters

If cheating becomes the norm, then we are in big trouble. We must rely on the honesty and good faith of others. If not, we couldn't put money in the bank, buy food, clothing or medicine from others, drive across a bridge, get on a plane, go to the dentist—the list is endless. There are many examples of the vast harm that is caused when individuals forget or ignore the effect their dishonesty can have. The savings and loan scandal, the stock market and junk bond swindles, and, of course, Watergate, have undermined the faith of many Americans in the integrity of political and economic leaders and society as a whole. Such incidents take a tremendous toll on our nation's economy and our individual well-being. For example, but for the savings and loan debacle, there might be funds available to reduce the national debt and pay for education.

In sum, we all have a common stake in our school, our community, and our society. Our actions do matter. It is essential that we act with integrity in order to build the kind of world in which we want to live.

1. A person of integrity not only sets high moral and ethical standards but also ______.

A) sticks to them in their daily life

B) makes them known to others

C) understands their true values

D) sees that others also follow them

2. What role does integrity play in personal and professional relationships?

A) It helps to create team spirit.

B) It facilitates communication.

C) It is the basis of mutual trust.

D) It inspires mutual respect.

3. Why must we learn to identify the risks we are going to take?

A) To ensure we make responsible choices.

B) To avoid being overwhelmed by stress.

C) So that we don't break any rules.

D) So that we don't run into trouble.

4. Violation of a rule is misconduct even if ______.

A) it has caused no harm

B) it is claimed to be unintentional

C) it has gone unnoticed

D) it is committed with good intentions

5. What should one do if he doesn't wish to fool himself?

A) Avoid making excuses.

B) Listen to other people's advice.

C) Make his intentions public.

D) Have others watch over his shoulder.

6. Those who take risks they regret later on ______.

A) will often become more cautious

B) are usually very aggressive

C) value immediate benefits most

D) may lose everything in the end

7. According to the author, a cheater who doesn't get caught right away will ______.

A) pay more dearly

B) become more confident

C) be widely admired

D) feel somewhat lucky

8. Cheaters at exam don't care about their education; all they care about is how to _________________________.

9. Integrity matters in that all social activities rely on people's ________________________________________.

10. Many Americans lost faith in the integrity of their political leaders as a result of ________________________.

Part III　Listening Comprehension　(35 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

11. A) Read the notice on the window.

B) Go and ask the staff.

C) Get a new bus schedule.

D) Board the bus to Cleveland.

12. A) He was looking forward to seeing the giraffes.

B) He enjoyed watching the animal performance.

C) He got home too late to see the TV special.

D) He fell asleep in the middle of the TV program.

13. A) She wants to take the most direct way.

B) She may be late for the football game.

C) She is worried about missing her flight.

D) She is currently caught in a traffic jam.

14. A) At a restaurant.

B) In a fish shop.

C) At a clinic.

D) On a fishing boat.

15. A) He is an experienced sales manager.

B) He is being interviewed for a job.

C) He is a close friend of the woman.

D) He is good at answering tricky questions.

16. A) The man should consider his privacy first.

B) The man will choose a low-rent apartment.

C) The man is not certain if he can find a quieter place.

D) The man is unlikely to move out of the dormitory.

17. A) The woman is going to make her topic more focused.

B) The man and woman are working on a joint project.

C) One should choose a broad topic for a research paper.

D) It took a lot of time to get the man on the right track.

18. A) They went camping this time last year.

B) They didn't quite enjoy their last picnic.

C) They learned to cooperate under harsh conditions.

D) They weren't experienced in organizing picnics.

Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

19. A) He likes Sweden better than England.

B) He prefers hot weather to cold weather.

C) He is an Englishman living in Sweden.

D) He visits London nearly every winter.

20. A) The bad weather.

B) The gloomy winter.

C) The cold houses.

D) The long night.

21. A) Delightful.

B) Painful.

C) Depressing.

D) Refreshing.

22. A) They often stay up late reading.

B) They work hard and play hard.

C) They like to go camping in summer.

D) They try to earn more and spend more.

Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

23. A) English literature.

B) Management.

C) French.

D) Public Administration.

24. A) English teaching.

B) Staff training.

C) Careers guidance.

D) Psychological counselling.

25. A) Its generous scholarships.

B) Its worldwide fame.

C) Its well-designed courses.

D) Its pleasant environment.

Section B

Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.

26. A) Characteristics of Japanese artists.

B) Some features of Japanese culture.

C) The art of Japanese brush painting.

D) The uniqueness of Japanese art.

27. A) To calm themselves down.

B) To enhance concentration.

C) To show their impatience.

D) To signal lack of interest.

28. A) How listeners in different cultures show respect.

B) How speakers can win approval from the audience.

C) How speakers can misunderstand the audience.

D) How different Western and Eastern art forms are.

Passage Two

Questions 29 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.

29. A) Directing personnel evaluation.

B) Buying and maintaining equipment.

C) Drawing up plans for in-service training.

D) Interviewing and recruiting employees.

30. A) Some of his equipment was damaged in a fire.

B) The training program he ran was a failure.

C) Two of his workers were injured at work.

D) Two of his employees committed theft.

31. A) A better relationship with his boss.

B) Advancement to a higher position.

C) A better-paying job in another company.

D) Improvement in the company's management.

32. A) She has more self-confidence than Chris.

B) She works with Chris in the same division.

C) She has more management experience than Chris.

D) She is competing with Chris for the new job.

Passage Three

Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.

33. A) They help us see the important values of a culture.

B) They guide us in handling human relationships.

C) They help us express ourselves more effectively.

D) They are an infinite source of human knowledge.

34. A) Their wording may become different.

B) The values they reflect may change.

C) Their origins can no longer be traced.

D) They may be misinterpreted occasionally.

35. A) Certain values are shared by a large number of cultures.

B) Some proverbs are assuming more and more importance.

C) Old proverbs are constantly replaced by new ones.

D) Certain values have always been central to a culture.

Section C

Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.

Our lives are woven together. As much as I enjoy my own (36) __________, I no longer imagine I can get through a (37) __________ day, much less all my life, (38) __________ on my own. Even if I am on (39) __________ in the mountains, I am eating food someone else has grown, living in a house someone else has built, wearing clothes someone else has (40) __________ from cloth woven by others, using (41) __________ someone else is distributing to my house. (42) __________ of interdependence is everywhere. We are on this (43) __________ together.

As I was growing up, (44) _________________________________________________________. "Make your own way", "Stand on your own two feet", or my mother's favorite remark when I was face-to-face with consequences of some action: "Now that you've made your bed, lie on it!" Total independence is a dominant theme in our culture. I imagine that (45) ___________________________________________________________________________. But the teaching was shaped by our cultural images，and instead I grew up believing that I was supposed to be totally "independent" and consequently became very reluctant to ask for help.

(46) ___________________________________________________________________________________.

Part Ⅳ　Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)　(25 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the banks more than once.

Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.

With the world's population estimated to grow from six to nine billion by 2050, researchers, businesses and governments are already dealing with the impact this increase will have on everything from food and water to infrastructure (基础设施) and jobs. Underlying all this 　47　 will be the demand for energy, which is expected to double over the next 40 years.

Finding the resources to meet this demand in a 　48　, sustainable way is the cornerstone (基石) of our nation's energy security, and will be one of the major 　49　 of the 21st century. Alternative forms of energy—bio-fuels, wind and solar, to name a few—are 　50　 being funded and developed, and will play a growing 　51　 in the world's energy supply. But experts say that even when 　52　, alternative energy sources will likely meet only about 30% of the world's energy needs by 2050.

For example, even with 　53　 investments, such as the $93 million for wind energy development 　54　 in the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act, important alternative energy sources such as wind and bio-fuels 　55　 only about 1% of the market today.

Energy and sustainability experts say the answer to our future energy needs will likely come from a lot of 　56　 —both traditional and alternative.

A) stable

B) solutions

C) significant

D) role

E) progress

F) marvelous

G) included

H) growth

I) exactly

J) consist

K) comprise

L) competitions

M) combined

N) challenges

O) certainly

Section B

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.

Boys' schools are the perfect place to teach young men to express their emotions and involve them in activities such as art, dance and music.

Far from the traditional image of a culture of aggressive masculinity (阳刚), the absence of girls gives boys the chance to develop without pressure to conform to a stereotype, a US study says.

Boys at single-sex schools were said to be more likely to get involved in cultural and artistic activities that helped develop their emotional expressiveness, rather than feeling they had to conform to the "boy code" of hiding their emotions to be a "real man".

The findings of the study go against received wisdom that boys do better when taught alongside girls.

Tony Little, headmaster of Eton, warned that boys were being failed by the British education system because it had become too focused on girls. He criticised teachers for failing to recognise that boys are actually more emotional than girls.

The research argued that boys often perform badly in mixed schools because they become discouraged when their female peers do better earlier in speaking and reading skills.

But in single-sex schools teachers can tailor lessons to boys' learning style, letting them move around the classroom and getting them to compete in teams to prevent boredom, wrote the study's author, Abigail James, of the University of Virginia.

Teachers could encourage boys to enjoy reading and writing with "boy-focused" approaches such as themes and characters that appeal to them. Because boys generally have more acute vision, learn best through touch, and are physically more active, they need to be given "hands-on" lessons where they are allowed to walk around. "Boys in mixed schools view classical music as feminine (女性的) and prefer the modern genre (类型) in which violence and sexism are major themes," James wrote.

Single-sex education also made it less likely that boys would feel they had to conform to a stereotype that men should be "masterful and in charge" in relationships. "In mixed schools, boys feel compelled to act like men before they understand themselves well enough to know what that means," the study reported.

57. The author believes that a single-sex school would ______.

A) force boys to hide their emotions to be "real men"

B) help to cultivate masculine aggressiveness in boys

C) encourage boys to express their emotions more freely

D) naturally reinforce in boys the traditional image of a man

58. It is commonly believed that in a mixed school boys ______.

A) perform relatively better

B) grow up more healthily

C) behave more responsibly

D) receive a better education

59. What does Tony Little say about the British education system?

A) It fails more boys than girls academically.

B) It focuses more on mixed school education.

C) It fails to give boys the attention they need.

D) It places more pressure on boys than on girls.

60. According to Abigail James, one of the advantages of single-sex schools is ______.

A) teaching can be tailored to suit the characteristics of boys

B) boys can focus on their lessons without being distracted

C) boys can choose to learn whatever they are interested in

D) teaching can be designed to promote boys' team spirit

61. Which of the following is characteristic of boys according to Abigail James' report?

A) They enjoy being in charge.

B) They conform to stereotypes.

C) They have sharper vision.

D) They are violent and sexist.

Passage Two

Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.

It's an annual argument. Do we or do we not go on holiday? My partner says no because the boiler could go, or the roof fall off, and we have no savings to save us. I say you only live once and we work hard and what's the point if you can't go on holiday. The joy of a recession means no argument next year—we just won't go.

Since money is known to be one of the things most likely to bring a relationship to its knees, we should be grateful. For many families the recession means more than not booking a holiday. A YouGov poll of 2,000 people found 22% said they were arguing more with their partners because of concerns about money. What's less clear is whether divorce and separation rates rise in a recession—financial pressures mean couples argue more but make splitting up less affordable. A recent research shows arguments about money were especially damaging to couples. Disputes were characterised by intense verbal (言语上的) aggression, tended to be repeated and not resolved, and made men, more than women, extremely angry.

Kim Stephenson, an occupational psychologist, believes money is such a big deal because of what it symbolises, which may be different things to men and women. "People can say the same things about money but have different ideas of what it's for," he explains. "They'll say it's to save, to spend, for security, for freedom, to show someone you love them." He says men are more likely to see money as a way of buying status and of showing their parents that they've achieved something.

"The biggest problem is that couples assume each other knows what's going on with their finances, but they don't. There seems to be more of a taboo (禁忌) about talking about money than about death. But you both need to know what you're doing, who's paying what into the joint account and how much you keep separately. In a healthy relationship, you don't have to agree about money, but you have to talk about it."

62. What does the author say about vacationing?

A) People enjoy it all the more during a recession.

B) Few people can afford it without working hard.

C) It makes all the hard work worthwhile.

D) It is the chief cause of family disputes.

63. What does the author mean by saying "money is known...to bring a relationship to its knees" (Line 1, Para. 2)?

A) Money is considered to be the root of all evils.

B) Some people sacrifice their dignity for money.

C) Few people can resist the temptation of money.

D) Disputes over money may ruin a relationship.

64. The YouGov poll of 2,000 people indicates that in a recession ______.

A) conflicts between couples tend to rise

B) it is more expensive for couples to split up

C) couples show more concern for each other

D) divorce and separation rates increase

65. What does Kim Stephenson believe?

A) Money is often a symbol of a person's status.

B) Money means a great deal to both men and women.

C) Men and women spend money on different things.

D) Men and women view money in different ways.

66. The author suggests at the end of the passage that couples should ______.

A) put their money together instead of keeping it separately

B) make efforts to reach agreement on their family budgets

C) discuss money matters to maintain a healthy relationship

D) avoid arguing about money matters to remain romantic

Part Ⅴ　Cloze　(15 minutes)

Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D)on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Part Ⅵ　Translation　(5 minutes)

Directions: Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets. Please write your translation on Answer Sheet 2.

87. Charity groups organized various activities to ____________________________________________________ (为地震幸存者筹款).

88. Linda ___________________________________________________________________________________ (不可能收到我的电子邮件); otherwise, she would have replied.

89. It's my mother ____________________________________________________________________________ (一直在鼓励我不要灰心) when I have difficulties in my studies.

90. The publishing house has to __________________________________________________________________ (考虑这部小说的受欢迎程度).

91. It is absolutely wrong to _____________________________________________________________________ (仅仅以金钱来定义幸福).

2011年12月大学英语四级考试真题详解

Part I Writing

Nothing Succeeds Without a Strong Will

It is known to us all that where there is a will, there is a way.① A person can probably accomplish nothing without a strong will.② We can't deny that sometimes people can reach a goal by playing tricks; however, that definitely won't last long.③

People with strong wills cannot be defeated by difficulties easily and they will never give up until they succeed. Take Nobel, the inventor of explosive, as an example; before inventing explosive he conducted thousands of explosion experiments.④ We can name quite a lot of famous people like Nobel, but we can also list some people like the "smoking quitters".⑤ To them, making a plan is so easy as they never keep it. Therefore, they will never realize it.

To sum up, a strong will is an important character people should cultivate since it plays a key role in people's success.⑥ The resolute make resolutions once and for all; the irresolute keep making resolutions all for once.⑦ To be the winner, try to be the resolute.⑧

①．以谚语开篇，为引出文章的主题作铺垫。

②．直陈文章主题，简洁明了，紧扣标题。

③．表面上提出不同观点，用however话锋一转，实则否定这种做法。

④．使用诺贝尔发明炸药的例子进一步论述坚强意志的重要性。

⑤．按照题目要求对一些人屡次戒烟不成功的现象进行评述。

⑥．用to sum up总结全文，再次重申坚强意志的重要性。

⑦．谚语作典，增强说服力。

⑧．感召性话语作结，铿锵有力。

没有坚强意志的人将一事无成

我们都知道一句谚语：“有志者事竟成”。一个人如果没有坚强的意志，恐怕什么事也做不成。我们不能否认，有的时候人们可以通过耍伎俩来达到目的，但那注定无法长远。

意志坚定的人不会被困难轻易打败，他们不成功绝不放弃。以炸药的发明者诺贝尔为例，他经过成千上万次爆炸试验才发明了炸药。像诺贝尔这样的著名人物，我们能够举出许多，但是，我们也同样能够列出一些同“戒烟者”一样的人。对这些人来说，制订计划非常容易，因为他们从不奉行。因此，他们也永远无法实现计划。

总的说来，坚强的意志是人们应该培养的重要品格，因为它在人们成功的道路上扮演着重要角色。有志者立长志，无志者常立志。为了成功，让我们做一个有志者。

要点用法

it is known to us all that 众所周知

conduct 实施，进行

deny 否认

make a plan 制订计划

play tricks 耍伎俩

to sum up 总而言之，总的说来

definitely 一定，肯定

cultivate 培养

take sb. / sth. as an example 以……为例

play a key role in 在……中扮演重要角色

explosive 炸药

resolute 坚决的；刚毅的

句法点评

1. It is known to us all that where there is a will, there is a way.

it作形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句，主语从句中包含一个谚语。以该句式开篇，让文章显得出手不凡，瞬间吸引读者注意力。

2. People with strong wills cannot be defeated by difficulties easily and they will never give up until they succeed.

写作中不仅要使用好的长句，也要注意句式变化，长短结合。本句是并列复合句。并列连词and连接前后两个分句，后一个分句中还包含一个由until引导的时间状语从句。

3. Take Nobel, the inventor of explosive, as an example, before inventing explosive he took thousands of explosion experiments.

the inventor of explosive是插入语，使句子更符合英文表达习惯，读起来更地道。

4. Therefore, they will never realize it.

therefore、however、afterwards、eventually等结构副词能使文章条理更清晰、层次更分明。

Part II　Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)

诚实正直为何重要？

什么是诚实正直？

诚实正直的关键在于一致性——［1］不仅要为自己设定高标准（如诚实、负责、尊重他人、公平），而且还要在每一天中遵守这些标准。一个诚实正直的人，即使在做出生命中的艰难抉择时，而且这些抉择可能受到精神压力、成功的压力或者诱惑的影响，也会用伦理和道德标准来约束自己并自觉遵守。

如果我们撒谎、欺骗、偷窃，或是违反其他道德标准时，会发生什么情况呢？我们会对自己失望并羞愧。而诚实正直的缺失也会影响我们与他人的关系。［2］在任何一种重要的关系当中，无论是私人关系还是工作关系，信任都至关重要。试想，谁会相信一个不诚实或不公正的人呢？因此，诚实正直必须成为我们最重要的目标之一。

有风险的事情

我们每个人都要对自己的决定负责，即使做决定的过程遭受到了精神压力或同辈间压力的破坏。对品格的真正考验在于我们是否可以从错误中学到东西，弄清楚我们为什么会做出之前的行为，接着探索出各种方法，避免今后发生类似的错误。

做出符合道德标准的决定是避免将来产生问题的关键。［3］我们必须学会识别风险，因为如果我们无法看出自己正在冒险，那么就不可能做出负责任的决定。要识别风险，我们需要了解相关规则及实际情况。例如，如果一个人不知道有关剽窃的规定，就可能会在无意中使用了某些语句或观点而没有指明来源，或者一个人的研究记录做得不仔细，可能就会在无意中不按要求引述资料。［4］然而，即使事实上这种违规行为是“无意的”，也不能成为其产生的理由。无知并不能作为借口。

“但大家都这么做”

大多数身陷麻烦的人都知道相关的规则和实际情况，他们却自欺欺人，给自己的冒险找借口，如“大家都这么做”，“我又没有伤害其他人”，或是“我真的需要这个分数”。有些借口简直是精心编造的，如“我知道我在看别人的考卷，但那不是作弊，因为我只是对答案而已，又不是在抄答案”。我们必须诚实面对自己的行为，不要找借口。如果我们欺骗自己，认为自己没有做错什么，那么我们就无法判定自己要做的真正的选择——而这会导致我们做出错误的决定。

［5］要避免自我欺骗，就坚决不能给自己找借口，并试试这个测验：问问自己，如果你的行为是公开的，任何人都可以监督，你是什么样的感觉。如果你宁愿隐瞒自己的行为，那么，这就说明你在冒险，并且在找借口让你自己认为这是合理的。

对风险的评估

要判断是否值得冒险，就必须仔细考虑各种后果，无论是对现在还是对未来，是消极的还是积极的，对自己还是对他人。［6］那些冒了风险但后来又后悔的人，通常只关注眼前利益，根本没有考虑到可能会发生的问题。作弊被发现的后果很严重，可能是测试或作业成绩为零分，课程评级不合格，甚至是被学校暂令停学或开除，以及名誉受损。事实上，当你违反了规则或法律，你就失去了对自己人生的掌控，而赋予他人对你进行惩罚的权力，而你则无法控制这些惩罚。这让你处于一个极其弱势的位置。或许有些生死攸关的或符合最高原则的事情会使这种冒险合情合理，但是大多数事情都不属于这一类。

侥幸躲过去——或被发现

［7］那些作弊没有被发现的人付出的代价更高。作弊者从测试中学不到东西，这也让他/她失去受教育的机会。作弊会伤害自信心和独立性；作弊的人是欺骗者，他/她知道如果不作弊的话成绩就无法及格。作弊还会伤害自尊心和诚信，让作弊者感到羞愧、内疚，同时又害怕被发现。最糟糕的是，第一次作弊的人如果没有被发现，通常就会再次作弊，这不仅仅是因为他/她的成绩已经远远落后，还因为他/她会觉得作弊似乎变得“更加容易”。这种被腐蚀的道德和更大的风险只会让其滑向灾难的深渊。最终，作弊者会被抓住，而且发现得越晚，后果越严重。

作弊也会伤害他人

作弊者常常觉得自己的行为别人看不到，好像这“没什么大不了的”，并不会真正伤害到任何人。但是，个人的选择会产生强烈的累积效应。作弊会像疾病一样传播开来。最近的统计数据表明，30％或者更多的大学生都有作弊行为。如果一个班的成绩是以分布曲线图来评定的话，作弊就会损害他人的成绩。即使没有分布曲线图，作弊也会“毒害”整个班级，其他人可能会迫于压力也开始作弊（“如果不作弊，我就无法与那些作弊的人竞争。”）作弊还会对教师产生破坏性的影响。良好教学的真正回报是看到学生学到了知识，但一名作弊者说，［8］“我对你所教的内容不感兴趣；我所关心的是窃得一个分数，不管它对别人有什么影响。”而最终的结果就是，这对你教育质量产生破坏性的打击。最后，作弊会损害大学的声誉，伤害那些想通过努力学习获得学位的人。

诚实正直为何重要

如果作弊成为了常态，那么我们就会身陷大麻烦之中。［9］我们必须依靠他人的诚实和诚信。如果不是这样的话，那么，我们不能把钱存在银行，不能从他人那里购买食品、衣物或药品，不能开车过桥、搭乘飞机或去看牙医——这样的事情不胜枚举。还有许多造成严重伤害的例子，都是由于个人忘记或忽视不诚实行为可能带来的后果而产生的。储蓄和贷款丑闻，股票市场和垃圾债券诈骗，当然，［10］还有水门事件，这些都削弱了许多美国人对政坛和经济领域的领导者，甚至对整个社会的诚实正直的信赖程度。诸如此类的事件让国家经济和个人福祉都遭受到巨大的损失。例如，要不是储蓄和贷款的崩溃，或许我们还有资金来减少国家债务和支付教育经费。

总而言之，我们所有人都与我们的学校、社区和社会有着共同的利害关系。我们的行为真的非常重要。为了建立一个我们憧憬的美好世界，我们必须诚实正直地做事。

1. A person of integrity not only sets high moral and ethical standards but also ______.

A) sticks to them in their daily life

B) makes them known to others

C) understands their true values

D) sees that others also follow them

一个诚实正直的人不仅给自己设定较高的道德准则，而且______。

A）在其日常生活中身体力行

B）使这些准则为他人所知

C）懂得这些准则的真正价值

D）确保他人也遵循这些准则

►线索词：not only...but also，moral and ethical standards

►定位处：第一段首句。

►解析：根据线索词定位至原文第一段首句，原文中but also之后的部分（living up to those standards each and every day）即为正确答案。A项中的sticks to对应living up to，daily life对应every day，故选A。

2. What role does integrity play in personal and professional relationships?

A) It helps to create team spirit.

B) It facilitates communication.

C) It is the basis of mutual trust.

D) It inspires mutual respect.

诚实正直在私人关系和工作关系中发挥着什么样的作用？

A）它利于创建团队精神。

B）它促进交流。

C）它是相互信任的基础。

D）它激发相互尊重。

►线索词：personal and professional

►定位处：第二段第四句。

►解析：根据线索词定位至原文第二段，C项中的basis对应原文中的essential，trust与文中用词完全一致，故正确答案为C。A项中的team spirit、B项中的communication以及D项中的mutual respect文中并未提及，均可排除。

3. Why must we learn to identify the risks we are going to take?

A) To ensure we make responsible choices.

B) To avoid being overwhelmed by stress.

C) So that we don't break any rules.

D) So that we don't run into trouble.

我们为何一定要学会认清我们将要冒的风险？

A）为了确保我们做出负责任的抉择。

B）为了避免我们被精神压力所征服。

C）以便我们不会违反任何规则。

D）以便我们不会麻烦缠身。

►线索词：identify the risks

►定位处：第四段第二句。

►解析：根据线索词定位至原文第四段第二句recognize risks，其后的部分就是解题的关键所在。原文中使用的是否定句：if we can't see the risks we're taking，we can't make responsible choices，也就是说，identify the risks为的就是make responsible choices，故正确答案为A。

4. Violation of a rule is misconduct even if ______.

A) it has caused no harm

B) it is claimed to be unintentional

C) it has gone unnoticed

D) it is committed with good intentions

即使______，违反规定依然属于不当行为。

A）没有造成危害

B）违反者声称事出无心

C）未被发现

D）是出于好意

►线索词：violation，misconduct

►定位处：第四段倒数第二句。

►解析：第四段中，线索词violation和misconduct所在的句子意为“即使事实上这种违规行为是‘无意的’，也不能成为其产生的理由”。四个选项中B项意思与此表述一致，故为正确答案。

5. What should one do if he doesn't wish to fool himself?

A) Avoid making excuses.

B) Listen to other people's advice.

C) Make his intentions public.

D) Have others watch over his shoulder.

如果一个人不想欺骗自己，他应该怎么做？

A）不要找借口。

B）听从他人的建议。

C）公开自己的意图。

D）让别人在背后监督他。

►线索词：fool himself

►定位处：第六段首句。

►解析：原文中的avoid fooling yourself对应题干中的doesn't wish to fool himself，因此其后的内容watch out for excuses便是解题关键。A项中的avoid与watch out意思相近，都是表示“不要找借口”，故为正确答案。

6. Those who take risks they regret later on ______.

A) will often become more cautious

B) are usually very aggressive

C) value immediate benefits most

D) may lose everything in the end

那些冒险之后又后悔的人______。

A）往往会变得更加谨慎

B）通常很有进取心

C）最看重眼前利益

D）最终可能丧失一切

►线索词：take risks，regret later

►定位处：第七段第二句。

►解析：原文中的those who take risks they later regret与题干对应，因此其后的内容focus on immediate benefits便是解题关键。C项中的value...most与focus on意思相近，故为正确答案。

7. According to the author, a cheater who doesn't get caught right away will ______.

A) pay more dearly

B) become more confident

C) be widely admired

D) feel somewhat lucky

根据作者的观点，一个没有被立即抓住的作弊者将______。

A）付出更高的代价

B）变得更自信

C）广受羡慕

D）感觉有些幸运

►线索词：get caught

►定位处：第八段第一句。

►解析：根据线索词定位到原文第八段第一句中的pay an even higher price，即“付出更大的代价”，A项pay more dearly与其意思相近，故为正确答案。

8. Cheaters in exams don't care about their education; all they care about is how to steal a grade.

考试作弊者并不关心他们的教育，他们所关心的只是怎样窃得一个分数。

►线索词：care about

►定位处：第九段倒数第三句。

►解析：题干中的don't care about their education对应原文的not interested in what you're trying to teach，all they care about对应文中的all I care about，故其后的内容为正确答案。因空格前是不定式标志词to，其后应接动词原形，所以应填入steal a grade。

9. Integrity matters in that all social activities rely on people's honesty and good faith.

诚实正直之所以重要，是因为所有的社会活动都依赖于人们的诚实和诚信。

►线索词：rely on

►定位处：第十段第二句。

►解析：根据线索词定位至原文第十段第二句rely on the honesty and good faith of others，题干中已经有和the other对应的other people's，故只需填入honesty and good faith即可。

10. Many Americans lost faith in the integrity of their political leaders as a result of Watergate/the Watergate scandal.

许多美国人对政治领导人的诚实正直丧失信心是因为水门事件。

►线索词：lost faith，political leaders

►定位处：倒数第二段倒数第三句。

►解析：由线索词定位至原文倒数第二段倒数第三句，该句讲的是“储蓄和贷款丑闻，股票市场和垃圾债券诈骗，当然，还有水门事件，这些都削弱了许多美国人对政坛和经济领域的领导者，甚至对整个社会的诚实正直的信赖程度。”在句中所列的不诚信事件中，储蓄和贷款丑闻、股票市场和垃圾债券诈骗都属于经济领域，只有水门事件是与政治领导人相关的丑闻，故正确答案为Watergate/the Watergate scandal。

Part III　Listening Comprehension

Section A

11. A) Read the notice on the window.

B) Go and ask the staff.

C) Get a new bus schedule.

D) Board the bus to Cleveland.

W: This crazy bus schedule has got me completely confused. I can't figure out when my bus to Cleveland leaves.

M: Why don't you just go to the ticket window and ask?

Q: What does the man suggest the woman do?

A）看窗口贴的通知。

B）去问问工作人员。

C）找一份新的汽车时刻表。

D）乘上开往克利夫兰市的汽车。

女：这个乱七八糟的汽车时刻表已经把我完全搞糊涂了。我弄不清楚到克利夫兰市的公共汽车什么时候发车。

男：为什么不去售票窗口问问呢？

问：男士建议女士做什么？

►听前预测：

①四项均以动词原形开头。

②两项提到了bus。

结论：对话可能与乘坐公共汽车有关，应注意听与动作相关的内容。

►解析：本题是建议题，问男士建议女士怎么做，解题的关键是听清楚男士所说的内容。女士要乘坐公共汽车去克利夫兰，但是她所看到的汽车班次表令她很困惑。男士建议她直接去售票窗口（ticket window）问问，意思是让她问售票窗口的工作人员，故选B。

12. A) He was looking forward to seeing the giraffes.

B) He enjoyed watching the animal performance.

C) He got home too late to see the TV special.

D) He fell asleep in the middle of the TV program.

W: I really enjoyed the TV special about giraffes last night. Did you get home in time to see it?

M: Oh, yes, but I wish I could have stayed awake long enough to see the whole thing.

Q: What does the man mean?

A）他盼望着去看长颈鹿。

B）他喜欢看动物表演。

C）他回家太晚了，没有看成电视专题片。

D）他在节目中间睡着了。

女：我非常喜欢昨晚关于长颈鹿的那个电视专题片。你及时赶回家去看了吗？

男：哦，是的，但是我真希望自己清醒的时间更久些，把全部节目看完。

问：男士的意思是什么？

►听前预测：

①四项均以he开头。

②三项与电视节目有关（performance，TV special，TV program）。

结论：对话与男士观看的电视节目有关。

►解析：女士说她很喜欢昨晚关于长颈鹿的专题节目，问男士有没有及时赶回家去看。男士说他看了，但是他希望自己再晚点睡着以看完全部内容。可见，男士没等到节目播完就睡着了，故选D。

13. A) She wants to take the most direct way.

B) She may be late for the football game.

C) She is worried about missing her flight.

D) She is currently caught in a traffic jam.

W: Airport, please. I'm running a little late. So just take the fastest way, even if it's not the most direct.

M: Sure, but there is a lot of traffic everywhere today because of the football game.

Q: What do we learn about the woman from the conversation?

A）她想要走最近的路。

B）足球赛她可能会迟到。

C）她担心误了航班。

D）她现在遇上了交通堵塞。

女：请到机场。我有点儿来不及了，所以走最快的路线就好，就算不是最近的路也行。

男：好的，不过今天有足球赛，所以到处都堵车。

问：从对话中我们可以了解到女士的什么信息？

►听前预测：

①四项均以she开头。

②三项含有与交通有关的词（way，flight，traffic jam）。

③三项含有与遇到麻烦有关的词（late，worried，caught in）。

结论：对话很可能与女士遇到的交通问题有关。解题的关键是听清楚女士所说的内容。

►解析：女士对出租车司机（男士）说她要去机场，时间已经有些来不及了，让他只走可最快到达的路线，不用管是不是最近的。男士回答说，现在路上到处都很堵，因为有一场足球赛。由二人的对话内容可知，女士担心自己会赶不上飞机，故选C。

14.  A) At a restaurant.

B) In a fish shop.

C) At a clinic.

D) On a fishing boat.

W: May I make a recommendation, sir? Our seafood with this special sauce is very good.

M: Thank you, but I don't eat shellfish. I'm allergic to it.

Q: Where does this conversation most probably take place?

A）在餐馆。

B）在鱼店。

C）在诊所。

D）在渔船上。

女：先生，我能推荐一下吗？我们这儿配有这种特殊调味汁的海鲜很棒。

男：谢谢，但我不吃贝类食物，我对贝类过敏。

问：此对话最有可能发生在哪里？

►听前预测：

①四项均以介词开头（at，in，on）。

②四项均表示地点（restaurant，fish shop，clinic，fishing boat）。

结论：对话考查地点，应注意判断语境场景，或留意对话中是否直接提及某地点。

►解析：女士向男士推荐说配有特殊调味汁的海鲜味道不错，男士回答说他不吃贝类食物，因为他对贝类过敏。be allergic to...意为“对……过敏”，不过即便考生不知道该短语的意思，也可根据女士的话推断出对话发生在饭店，故选A。

15. A) He is an experienced sales manager.

B) He is being interviewed for a job.

C) He is a close friend of the woman.

D) He is good at answering tricky questions.

W: Now one more question if you don't mind. What position in the company appeals to you most?

M: Well, I'd like the position of sales manager if that position is still vacant.

Q: What do we learn about the man?

A）他是一位经验丰富的销售经理。

B）他正在面试一份工作。

C）他是女士要好的一位朋友。

D）他善于回答棘手的问题。

女：如果你不介意的话，我还有一个问题想问你。公司的哪个职位对你最有吸引力？

男：嗯，如果销售经理的职位还空缺的话，我想得到那个职位。

问：我们可以了解到这位男士的什么信息？

►听前预测：

①四项均以he开头。

②两项含有与工作或求职有关的词（sales manager，interviewed for a job）。

结论：对话可能与男士的工作有关，应注意听反映男士的目的或身份特点的词句。

►解析：对话中女士问男士，他认为该公司对他最有吸引力的职位是哪个。男士回答说，如果销售经理的职位还空缺的话，他愿意做一名销售经理。由此可见，女士是面试官，男士是求职者，故选B。

16. A) The man should consider his privacy first.

B) The man will choose a low-rent apartment.

C) The man is not certain if he can find a quieter place.

D) The man is unlikely to move out of the dormitory.

M: I don't think I want to live in the dormitory next year. I need more privacy.

W: I know what you mean, but check out the cost of renting an apartment first. I won't be surprised if you change your mind.

Q: What does the woman imply?

A）男士应该首先考虑自己的隐私。

B）男士将选择房租较低的公寓。

C）男士不确定他是否能找到一个更安静的地方。

D）男士不太可能搬出宿舍。

男：我明年不想住宿舍了，我需要更多的隐私。

女：我明白你的意思，但还是先看看租一间公寓的费用吧。要是你改变主意的话，我不会觉得惊讶的。

问：女士的话暗示了什么？

►听前预测：

①四项均以the man开头。

②三项含有与居住地有关的词（apartment，a quieter place，dormitory）。

结论：对话可能与男士的住处有关。

►解析：男士说他不想再住在宿舍了，他需要更多的隐私。女士说先看看租一间公寓要花多少钱吧，如果男士改变主意她一点也不会惊讶。由此可见，女士的意思是男士不太可能会搬出去住，故选D。

17.  A) The woman is going to make her topic more focused.

B) The man and woman are working on a joint project.

C) One should choose a broad topic for a research paper.

D) It took a lot of time to get the man on the right track.

M: You're on the right track. I just think you need to narrow the topic down.

W: Yeah, you're right. I always start by choosing too broad a topic when I'm doing a research paper.

Q: What do we learn from the conversation?

A）女士将会使自己论文的主题更为具体。

B）男士和女士正致力于一个合作项目。

C）写研究论文时应选择一个宽泛的主题。

D）花了很长时间才让男士的思路步入正轨。

男：你现在的思路是对的，我只是觉得你需要将主题的范围缩小一下。

女：是的，你说得对。我在写研究论文的时候开头总是选择一个过于宽泛的主题。

问：从对话中我们可以了解到什么？

►听前预测：

①四项均涉及对人的行为的描述。

②三项含有与论文有关的词（topic，project，research paper）。

结论：对话与论文有关，听音重点为make her topic more focused、joint project、broad topic以及on the right track。

►解析：对话中男士说女士的思路是对的，只是需要将主题范围缩小一点。女士对他的建议表示赞同，并承认她在写论文的时候经常选择过于宽泛的话题。由此可见，女士会将她论文的主题范围再缩小一些，使主题更突出一些，故选A。

18. A) They went camping this time last year.

B) They didn't quite enjoy their last picnic.

C) They learned to cooperate under harsh conditions.

D) They weren't experienced in organizing picnics.

W: This picnic sure beats the last one we went to, doesn't it?

M: Oh, yeah, we had to spend the whole time inside. Good thing, the weather was cooperative this time.

Q: What do we learn about the speakers from the conversation?

A）他们去年这个时候去露营了。

B）上次的野餐他们不是很尽兴。

C）他们学会了在恶劣的环境下合作。

D）他们组织野餐的经验不丰富。

女：这次野餐确实比上回的好，对吧？

男：哦，是的，上回我们不得不一直待在室内。幸好，这回是天公作美。

问：从对话中我们可以了解到关于谈话者的什么信息？

►听前预测：

①四项均以they开头。

②四项的谓语动词均为过去式。

③三项含有与露营或野餐有关的词（camping，picnic，picnics）。

结论：对话可能与一些人的露营或野餐经历有关。

►解析：女士对男士说这次的野餐比上次要好（beats the last one），男士表示赞同，并说上次他们不得不一直待在室内，而这次的天气很合作。由此可知他们都对上一次的野餐印象不佳，故选B。对话中并没有提及上次野餐的时间、他们学会了应对恶劣的条件以及他们对于组织野餐没有经验，因而其他三项皆可排除。

Conversation One

听力原文&译文

M:［19］When I say I live in Sweden, people always want to know about the seasons.

W: The seasons?

M: Yeah, you know, how cold it is in winter, what it's like when the days are so short.

W: So what is it like?

M: Well, it is cold, very cold in winter, sometimes as cold as 26 degrees below centigrade. And of course when you go out, you wrap up warm. But inside, in the houses it's always very warm,［19］much warmer than at home.［20］Swedish people always complain that when they visit England, the houses are cold even in a good winter.

W: And what about the darkness?

M: Well, yeah,［21］around Christmas time there's only one hour of daylight, so you really looks forward to the spring. It is sometimes a bit depressing. But you see the summers are amazing. From May to July in the North of Sweden, the sun never sets. It's still light at midnight. You can walk in the mountains and read a newspaper.

W: Oh, yeah, "the land of the midnight sun".

M: That's right, but it's wonderful. You want to stay up all night, and the Swedes make the most of it. Often they start work earlier in summer and then leave at about 2 or 3 in the afternoon, so that they can really enjoy the long summer evenings.［22］They'd like to work hard, but play hard, too. I think Londoners work longer hours, but I'm not sure this is a good thing.

男：［19］当我说起我居住在瑞典时，人们总想了解那里季节的状况。

女：季节？

男：是的，比如那里冬天有多冷，白天的时间这么短会是什么样子等等。

女：那么，是什么样子的呢？

男：呃，冬天很冷，非常冷。有时会达到零下26℃。当然，出门的时候你要把自己裹得暖暖和和的。但屋子里总是非常暖和，［19］比在国内暖和多了。［20］瑞典人到英国时总是抱怨屋子里很冷，即使在天气晴好的冬天也一样。

女：那黑夜是什么样子的呢？

男：呃，［21］在圣诞节前后每天仅有一小时的光照，因而你总是盼望着春天的到来。有时你会感到有点压抑。但是你会知道夏天却很让人惊叹，瑞典北部从五月到七月太阳从不落山，直到午夜还有光照。你可以在山间行走，看报纸。

女：哦，对了，“夜半太阳之地”。

男：是的，但棒极了。你会整夜不想睡，而且瑞典人都会尽情享受这样的夜晚。通常，他们夏季提早上班然后下午两三点就下班了，这样他们就能真正享受漫长的夏夜。［22］他们会努力工作，但也喜欢尽情玩乐。我觉得伦敦人工作时间更长，但我不确定这是不是件好事。

19. A) He likes Sweden better than England.

B) He prefers hot weather to cold weather.

C) He is an Englishman living in Sweden.

D) He visits London nearly every winter.

Q: What do we learn about the man from the conversation?

A）和英国相比，他更喜欢瑞典。

B）比起寒冷的天气，他更喜欢高温的天气。

C）他是一个住在瑞典的英国人。

D）他几乎每年冬天都去伦敦。

问：从对话中我们可以了解到这位男士的什么信息？

►听前预测：

①四项均以he开头。

②三项提到了与英国有关的地点和人物（England，Englishman，London），两项提到了瑞典（Sweden）。

结论：该题是对男士的话进行提问，内容可能涉及男士与英国或瑞典两国的关系。

►解析：对话开头男士说：“当我说起我居住在瑞典时，人们总想了解那里季节的状况。”从这句话我们可以看出，男士并不是瑞典本地人，而是生活在那里。后来在描述瑞典冬天的情况时，男士又提到，瑞典的冬天非常冷，人们出去时都裹得严严实实，但屋子里面通常很暖和，比国内暖和多了。瑞典人去了英国通常会抱怨那里的室内冷，即使在天气很好的冬天也觉得冷。由此我们可以确定，“国内”指的是英国，故男士是一个生活在瑞典的英国人，C项正确。

20. A) The bad weather.

B) The gloomy winter.

C) The cold houses.

D) The long night.

Q: What do Swedish people complain about when they visit England in winter?

A）糟糕的天气。

B）阴沉的冬季。

C）寒冷的房屋。

D）漫长的夜晚。

问：当瑞典人冬天去英国时，他们会抱怨什么？

►听前预测：

①四项均为名词短语，可推测本题以what问句进行提问。

②四项均提到了与天气或气温有关的词（weather，winter，cold，long night）。

③两项含有表示消极意义的词（bad，gloomy）。

结论：本题考查的内容与天气或气温有关，可能是关于天气或气温的不好的感受。听音时应重点关注四个选项中提到的内容。

►解析：男士提到，瑞典的冬天非常冷，有时候温度会达到零下26℃，人们出去时会穿得很暖和，屋子里面通常也非常暖和，而瑞典人去了英国通常会抱怨那里的室内寒冷，即使在天气晴好的冬天也觉得冷。由此可知，C项为正确答案。

21. A) Delightful.

B) Painful.

C) Depressing.

D) Refreshing.

Q: How does the man describe the short hour of daylight around Christmas in Sweden?

A）令人愉快的。

B）令人痛苦的。

C）令人压抑的。

D）令人精神振奋的。

问：男士是如何描述瑞典圣诞节前后短暂的日照时间的？

►听前预测：四项均为表示个人感受的形容词，结合以上两题可知，该题可能考查瑞典或英国人对于某种气候或天气情况的感受。听音时应重点关注选项中的四个形容词。

►解析：由原文可知，在瑞典，圣诞节前后每天的白天只有一个小时，这种天气情况有时候让人感觉比较消沉，四个选项中，C项depressing与对话中用词完全一致，意为“使人消沉的；令人压抑的”，故为正确答案。

22. A) They often stay up late reading.

B) They work hard and play hard.

C) They like to go camping in summer.

D) They try to earn more and spend more.

Q: What does the man say about the Swedish people?

A）他们经常熬夜看书。

B）他们努力工作并尽情玩乐。

C）他们喜欢夏天去露营。

D）他们努力多挣多花钱。

问：关于瑞典人，男士说了什么？

►听前预测：四项均以they开头，可见该题是对they的情况进行考查。四个选项的信息点比较分散，分别是“熬夜看书”、“努力工作，尽情玩乐”、“喜欢夏天去露营”或者“努力多挣多花钱”。听音时应将重点放在stay up late reading、work hard and play hard、go camping in summer以及earn more and spend more上，然后再根据问题做出进一步判断。

►解析：对话最后男士提到，因为瑞典的夏天白天很长，人们通常都是很早去上班，然后下午两三点下班，这样他们可以充分享受美好的夏日夜晚。他们在工作时非常努力，玩时也痛快去玩。四个选项中，B项的表述与男士的话一致，故为正确答案。

Conversation Two

听力原文&译文

W: What kind of training does one need to go into this type of job?

M: That's a very good question. I don't think there is any, specifically.

W: For example, in your case, what was your educational background?

M:［23］Well, I did a degree in French at Nottingham. After that,［24］I did careers work in secondary schools like the careers guidance people here at the university. Then I went into local government because I found I was more interested in the administrative side, then progressed on to universities. So there wasn't any plan and there was no specific training. There are plenty of training courses in management techniques and committee work which you can attend now.

W: But in the first place, you did a French degree.

M: In my time, there wasn't a degree you could do for administration. I think most of the administrators I've come across have degrees in all sorts of things.

W: Well, I know in my case, I did an English literature degree and I didn't really expect to end up doing what I'm doing now.

M: Quite.

W: Were you local to Nottingham, actually? Is there any reason why you went to Nottingham University?

M: No, no, I come from the north of England, from West Yorkshire. Nottingham was one of the universities I put on my list.［25］And I like the look of it. The campus is just beautiful.

W: Yes, indeed. Let's see. Were you from the industrial part of Yorkshire?

M: Yes, from the Woolen District.

女：从事这种工作的人需要接受什么样的培训呢？

男：这个问题问得很好。确切地说，我认为并不需要什么特别的培训。

女：比如，就你的情况来说，你的教育背景是什么？

男：［23］呃，我在诺丁汉大学攻读了一个法语学位。毕业之后，［24］我去了中学做类似于大学就业指导师的工作。随后我进入了当地的政府部门，因为我发觉我对管理方面更感兴趣。之后我继续进入大学工作。所以我没有做过任何职业规划，也没有接受过专门的职业培训。现在有很多关于管理技巧和委员会工作的培训课程可以参加。

女：但是首先，你获得了一个法语学位。

男：在我那个年代，没有管理学位可以攻读。我想我遇到过的大多数管理者都有着各种专业的学位。

女：呃，就我来说，我获得了英语文学学位，而我真的没有料到最终我能从事现在这份工作。

男：的确。

女：你实际上是诺丁汉当地人吧？你去诺丁汉大学有什么原因吗？

男：不，不是的，我来自英国北部的西约克郡。诺丁汉大学是我报考名单中的大学之一。［25］我喜欢诺丁汉大学的环境，它的校园简直太美了。

女：是的，的确很美。让我想想看，你来自约克郡的工业区吗？

男：是的，我来自毛纺区。

23. A) English literature.

B) Management.

C) French.

D) Public Administration.

Q: What was the man's major at university?

A）英语文学。

B）管理。

C）法语。

D）公共管理。

问：该男士在大学所学的专业是什么？

►听前预测：四项均为名词短语，且均与学科有关，故推测该题考查某人所学的专业或所上的课程。

►解析：在对话的开头部分，女士问到男士的教育背景，男士说他在诺丁汉大学取得了法语学位。由此可知，C项为正确答案。A项和D项文中也有提及，但分别是女士所学的专业和与男士的工作相关的专业，注意不要混淆。

24. A) English teaching.

B) Staff training.

C) Careers guidance.

D) Psychological counselling

Q: What was the man's job in secondary schools?

A）英语教学。

B）员工培训。

C）就业指导。

D）心理咨询。

问：该男士在中学的工作是什么？

►听前预测：四项均为名词短语，且均与职业有关，故可知该题是对某人职业的考查。听音时应重点关注选项中的四个短语以及与职业相关的其他表达。

►解析：在回答完自己的教育经历后，男士说自己毕业后在一所中学做就业指导方面的工作。C项的表述与男士的用词完全一致，意为“就业指导”，故为正确答案。其他三项对话中均未提及，故可排除。

25. A) Its generous scholarships.

B) Its worldwide fame.

C) Its well-designed courses.

D) Its pleasant environment.

Q: What attracted the man to Nottingham University?

A）它丰厚的奖学金。

B）它享誉全球的名声。

C）它的精心设计的课程。

D）它令人愉悦的环境。

问：是什么吸引该男士来到诺丁汉大学就读的？

►听前预测：

①四项均为名词短语，可以推测本题以what开头的问句进行提问。

②两项提到与学校有关的内容（scholarships，courses）。

③四项均含有表示正面意义的词（generous，worldwide fame，well-designed，pleasant）。

结论：由以上内容推测该题考查与某所学校有关的内容，可能跟学校某方面的优点有关。

►解析：当女士问男士为什么选择诺丁汉大学时，男士说诺丁汉大学是自己报考名单中的大学之一，他喜欢这所学校优美的环境，而且它的校园非常漂亮。四个选项中，只有D项与此表述一致，故为正确答案。其他三项对话中均未提及，故排除。

Section B

Passage One

听力原文&译文

［26］While Gail Obcamp, an American artist, was giving a speech on the art of Japanese brush painting to an audience that included visitors from Japan, she was confused to see that many of her Japanese listeners had their eyes closed. Were they turned off because an American had the nerve to instruct Japanese in their own art form? Were they deliberately trying to signal their rejection of her? Obcamp later found out that her listeners were not being disrespectful.［27］Japanese listeners sometimes close their eyes to enhance concentration. Her listeners were showing their respect for her by chewing on her words. Some day you may be either a speaker or a listener in a situation involving people from other countries or members of a minority group in North America.［28］Learning how different cultures signal respect can help you avoid misunderstandings.

Here are some examples. In the deaf culture of North America, many listeners show applause not by clapping their hands but by waving them in the air. In some cultures, both overseas and in some minority groups in North America, listeners are considered disrespectful if they look directly at the speaker. Respect is shown by looking in the general direction but avoiding direct eye contact. In some countries, whistling by listeners is a sign of approval, while in other countries it is a form of insult.

［26］当美国美术家盖尔·欧泊坎普在向包括日本到访者在内的听众做关于日本毛笔画艺术的演讲时，看到许多日本听众闭上了眼睛，这让她感到迷惑不解。他们不为她所动是因为一个美国人胆敢向日本人教授日本自己的艺术吗？还是因为他们有意竭力传递抵制她的信号？后来欧泊坎普发现她的听众并非有失尊重。［27］日本听众有时闭上眼睛是为了使注意力更加集中。她的听众在细细品味她的话，以这种方式表达对她的尊重。有朝一日，你或许也要对许多来自其他国家或北美少数民族的人进行演讲，或者与他们一起听演讲。［28］了解不同文化是如何表示尊重的能帮助你避免误会。

下面举几个例子。在北美的聋人文化里，许多听众表示喝彩的方式不是鼓掌，而是在空中挥手。在某些文化，比如在海外或北美一些少数民族的文化中，听众如果直视演讲者，会被认为是失礼的。尊重体现在只看大概的方向、避免直视。在一些国家，听众吹口哨是表达赞同的信号，而在另外一些国家，吹口哨则是侮辱性行为的表现形式。

整体预测

快速浏览各题选项，根据artists、brush painting、art、listeners、speakers、audience等关键词推测，该短文的内容很可能与关于艺术的演讲有关，具体细节需要进一步分析各个选项。

26. A) Characteristics of Japanese artists.

B) Some features of Japanese culture.

C) The art of Japanese brush painting.

D) The uniqueness of Japanese art.

Q: What did Obcamp's speech focus on?

A）日本美术家的特点。

B）日本文化的某些特征。

C）日本的毛笔画艺术。

D）日本美术的独特性。

问：欧泊坎普演讲的主题是什么？

►解题思路：

①四项均为名词短语。

②三项含有与日本艺术有关的词（Japanese artists，Japanese brush painting，Japanese art）。

③三项含有表示特点或独特性的词（characteristics，features，uniqueness）。

结论：本题考查的内容与日本艺术的特点有关，问题很可能以what开头，需留意说话人提到的名词性短语。

►解析：短文第一句话就提到，Obcamp是一位美国的艺术家，她正在做一个关于日本毛笔画艺术的演讲。C项中的the art of Japanese brush painting与原文中的表述完全一致，故为正确答案。

27. A) To calm themselves down.

B) To enhance concentration.

C) To show their impatience.

D) To signal lack of interest.

Q: Why do Japanese listeners sometimes close their eyes while listening to a speech?

A）为了使自己平静下来。

B）为了使注意力更加集中。

C）为了表达他们不耐烦的情绪。

D）为了表示他们缺乏兴趣。

问：为什么日本听众听演讲时有时会闭上眼睛？

►解题思路：

①四项均以to开头。

②四项均含有与人的心理感受有关的词（calm...down，concentration，impatience，interest）。

结论：本题可能考查目的，并且是与人的主观心理感受有关的目的。

►解析：短文提到，一些日本听众在听演讲的时候，将眼睛闭了起来，这令演讲者觉得很奇怪。她先是对他们闭眼睛的原因做出了一些猜测，后来才发现了真正原因：日本听众有的时候为了能更集中注意力会闭上眼睛。B项中的to enhance concentration与原文中的表述完全一致，故为正确答案。

28.  A) How listeners in different cultures show respect.

B) How speakers can win approval from the audience.

C) How speakers can misunderstand the audience.

D) How different Western and Eastern art forms are.

Q: What does the speaker try to explain?

A）不同文化的听众是如何表示尊重的。

B）演讲者如何能赢得听众的认可。

C）演讲者会如何误解听众的意思。

D）东西方艺术形式的区别有多大。

问：说话者想要说明什么问题？

►解题思路：

①四项均以how开头。

②三项涉及听话者或说话者（listeners，speakers）。

③两项含有different。

结论：本题可能涉及听话者与说话者之间的关系，还可能涉及某种差异。

►解析：本题考查的是短文的主旨。短文的整体结构是“举例—概括—再举例”。其中“概括”的部分就是主旨出现的地方。文中提到，对于讲话者来说，认识到在不同文化中表达尊敬的方式不同有助于避免误会，故A项正确，其中的show是原文中signal的同义转述。

Passage Two

听力原文&译文

［29］Chris is in charge of purchasing and maintaining equipment in his division at Taxalong Company. He's soon going to have an evaluation interview with his supervisor and the personnel director to discuss the work he has done in the past year. Salary, promotion and plans for the coming year will also be discussed at the meeting. Chris has made several changes for his division in the past year. First, he bought new equipment for one of the departments. He has been particularly happy about the new equipment because many of the employees have told him how much it has helped them. Along with improving the equipment, Chris began a program to train employees to use equipment better and do simple maintenance themselves. The training saved time for the employees and money for the company. Unfortunately, one serious problem developed during the year.［30］Two employees that Chris hired were stealing, and he had to fire them. Chris knows that a new job for a purchasing and maintenance manager for the whole company will be opened in a few months,［31］and he would like to be promoted to the job.［32］Chris knows, however, that someone else wants the new job, too. Kim is in charge of purchasing and maintenance in another division of the company. She has also made several changes over the year. Chris knows that his boss likes Kim's work, and he expects that his work will be compared with hers.

［29］克里斯在泰克斯朗公司的一个分部里负责设备采购与维护工作。他很快要与他的主管上司和人事经理进行一次评估面谈，讨论他在过去的一年中所做的工作。面谈中还会涉及工资、晋升以及来年的计划。克里斯在过去的一年中帮助他的分部做出了一些改进。首先，他为其中一个部门购买了新设备。这款新设备让他感到特别高兴，因为许多员工告诉他这款新设备帮了他们很大的忙。在改善设备的同时，克里斯还开展了一个项目，培训员工更好地使用新设备并自行做简单的维护。这一培训为员工节省了时间，也为公司节省了开支。不幸的是，本年度发生了一个严重的问题。［30］克里斯录用的两位员工有偷窃行为，他不得不解雇了他们。克里斯知道几个月后公司将要开设一个负责全公司设备采购和维护的经理岗位，［31］他想晋升到这个职位。［32］然而，克里斯知道有人也想应聘这个新岗位。金在该公司的另一个分部负责采购和维护工作。在过去的一年她也帮助公司做出了一些改进。克里斯知道他的老板很欣赏金所做的工作，他预料公司将会将他的工作与金的工作进行比较。

整体预测

快速浏览各题选项，根据其中的关键词personnel、recruiting、employees、boss、position、management、new job推测，该短文很可能与工作、人事等有关，具体细节需要进一步分析各个选项。

29. A) Directing personnel evaluation.

B) Buying and maintaining equipment.

C) Drawing up plans for in-service training.

D) Interviewing and recruiting employees.

Q: What is Chris's main responsibility at Taxalong Company?

A）管理人事评估。

B）设备采购及维护。

C）制定在职培训计划。

D）面试和招聘员工。

问：克里斯在泰克斯朗公司的主要职责是什么？

►解题思路：

①四项均以动词-ing形式开头。

②四项均与工作内容有关。

结论：本题很可能涉及工作内容或职责，要留意文中的动名词。

►解析：文章在开头处就提到了Chris的工作职责——他负责他们分支机构设备的采购和维护。问题中的responsibility是原文中的is in charge of的同义转述。本题的正确答案应为B，其中的buying是原文中purchasing的同义转述，而maintaining是原词重现。文中并没有线索表明A、C、D是Chris的工作内容。

30. A) Some of his equipment was damaged in a fire.

B) The training program he ran was a failure.

C) Two of his workers were injured at work.

D) Two of his employees committed theft.

Q: What problem did Chris encounter in his division?

A）他的一些设备在火灾中损坏了。

B）他所开展的培训项目失败了。

C）他的两位工人受了工伤。

D）他的两名员工实施了盗窃。

问：克里斯在他的分部碰到了什么问题？

►解题思路：

①四项均涉及工作范畴的人物或事物（equipment，training program，workers，employees）。

②四项均与问题或事故等不良现象有关（damaged，failure，injured，committed）。

结论：本题很可能涉及工作中的某些失误或问题。

►解析：文中用first和along with引出了Chris在这一年中为公司做出的两方面主要贡献，接着用unfortunately引出了他工作中出现的一个问题，即：他雇用的两名员工因偷窃而被解雇，故D为正确答案，其中的committed theft是原文中were stealing的同义转述。

31. A) A better relationship with his boss.

B) Advancement to a higher position.

C) A better-paying job in another company.

D) Improvement in the company's management.

Q: What does Chris hope for in the near future?

A）与老板建立更好的关系。

B）晋升到更高职位。

C）赢得另外一家公司报酬更丰厚的工作。

D）改善公司的管理。

问：克里斯对不久的将来的期望是什么？

►解题思路：

①四项均含有表示更好的含义的词（better，advancement，improvement）。

②四项均含有与工作相关的词（relationship，position，better-paying job，management）。

结论：本题可能涉及对于工作的期望或展望。

►解析：文章在讲述了Chris工作的成绩和遇到的问题之后，谈到了他对未来的期待。Chris知道，几个月后将有一个负责全公司设备采购和维护的职位。他希望能被提拔到那个岗位上。分析各选项可知，B项正确，其中的advancement是原文中的be promoted的同义转述。

32. A) She has more self-confidence than Chris.

B) She works with Chris in the same division.

C) She has more management experience than Chris.

D) She is competing with Chris for the new job.

Q: What do we learn about Kim from the passage?

A）她比克里斯更加自信。

B）她与克里斯在同一分部工作。

C）她比克里斯有更多的管理经验。

D）她与克里斯竞争同一个新岗位。

问：从文章中我们可以了解到金的什么信息？

►解题思路：

①四项均以she开头。

②四项均提到了Chris。

③三项含有表示比较或竞争含义的词（more self-confidence，more management experience，competing）。

结论：本题可能涉及一位女性与Chris的竞争关系，听音时，需首先判断出she的指代对象，并将听音重点放在两人的关系或对比上。

►解析：文章在提到了Chris很想得到那个更高的职位之后，引出了他的一位竞争者Kim。Kim并不和Chris在同一个分部工作，他们是在不同的分部负责相同的工作，故可排除B。文中只提到，Kim也做出了一番成绩，并且领导很赏识她，她将是Chris的一个强有力的竞争对手，故D项正确。

Passage Three

听力原文&译文

Proverbs, sometimes called sayings, are examples of folk wisdom. They are little lessons which older people of a culture pass down to the younger people to teach them about life.［33］Many proverbs remind people of the values that are important in the culture. Values teach people how to act, what is right, and what is wrong. Because the values of each culture are different, understanding the values of another culture helps explain how people think and act. Understanding your own culture values is important too. If you can accept that people from other cultures act according to their values, not yours, getting along with them will be much easier.［34］Many proverbs are very old. So some of the values they teach may not be as important in the culture as they once were. For example, Americans today do not pay much attention to the proverb "Haste makes waste", because patience is not important to them. But if you know about past values, it helps you to understand the present and many of the older values are still strong today. Benjamin Franklin, a famous American diplomat, writer and scientist, died in 1790, but his proverb "Time is money" is taken more seriously by Americans of today than ever before.［35］A study of proverbs from around the world shows that some values are shared by many cultures. In many cases though, the same idea is expressed differently.

谚语，有时也被称作俗语，是民间智慧的例证。它们是由某一文化背景下的老一辈人传递给年轻一代与生活息息相关的小智慧。［33］许多谚语使人们记起他们的文化中很重要的那些价值观。价值观教会人们如何处事，明辨是非。由于每种文化的价值观各不相同，理解另外一种文化的价值观有助于解释（这种文化中的）人们是如何思考和行动的。了解你自己所在的文化的价值观也很重要。如果你可以接受来自其他文化的人按照他们自己的价值观而非你的价值观处事，与他们相处起来就会更容易。［34］许多谚语都是很古老的，所以它们教给我们的一些价值观在当今的文化中可能不像以往那么重要了。譬如，当今的美国人不会太在意“欲速则不达”这句谚语，因为耐心对于他们来说并不重要。但如果你知道过去的价值观，就会有助于你对当前状况的理解，而且许多过去的价值观现在依然意义重大。著名的美国外交家、作家和科学家本杰明·富兰克林于1790年去世，但他的箴言“时间就是金钱”在当代美国人心目中比以往任何时候都更加受到重视。［35］一项针对世界各地谚语的调查研究表明，许多文化拥有某些共同的价值观。不过，在许多情况下对同一观点的表述方式不尽相同。

整体预测

快速浏览各题选项，根据其中的关键词values、culture、human、proverbs推测，该短文谈论的内容很可能与价值观、文化等有关，具体细节需要进一步分析各个选项。

33.  A) They help us see the important values of a culture.

B) They guide us in handling human relationships.

C) They help us express ourselves more effectively.

D) They are an infinite source of human knowledge.

Q: Why are proverbs so important?

A）它们有助于我们领略一种文化的重要价值观。

B）它们指导我们处理人际关系。

C）它们帮助我们更有效地表达自己。

D）它们是人类知识不竭的源泉。

问：谚语为什么如此重要？

►解题思路：

①四项均以they开头。

②三项含有表示帮助、指导含义的词（help，guide）。

③四项均含有与人有关的词（us，human，ourselves）。

结论：本题可能涉及某人或某事物对人们的帮助。听音时应首先弄清楚they的指代对象。

►解析：文章在开篇处先对谚语进行了定义，然后指出了其意义，即使人们记起在他们的文化中很重要的一些价值观，故A项为正确答案，其中的us是原文中people的同义转述，values和culture则是原词重现。

34. A) Their wording may become different.

B) The values they reflect may change.

C) Their origins can no longer be traced.

D) They may be misinterpreted occasionally.

Q: According to the speaker what happens to some proverbs with the passage of time?

A）它们的措辞可能有所变化。

B）它们所反映的价值观可能发生了改变。

C）它们的起源可能无从追溯。

D）它们偶尔可能会被曲解。

问：根据说话者所述，随着时间的推移一些谚语发生了什么情况？

►解题思路：

①四项均含有第三人称代词（their，they）。

②四项分别涉及一个概念的四个方面（wording，values，origins，misinterpreted）。

③三项含有与变化有关的词（different，change，no longer be traced）。

结论：本题可能考查某人或某事物某一方面的变化，听音时要先弄清楚they的指代对象，并将听音重点放在措辞、价值观、起源、涵义等方面。

►解析：本题中的they指代的依然是谚语（proverbs）。题目中的with the passage of time意思是“随着时间的流逝”，原文中的Many proverbs are very old...与这一状语对应，这句话预示着下文将阐述随着时间的流逝，什么会发生变化。文中说道，由于一些格言很古老，它们所传授的价值观在当代可能已不像曾经那样为人们所重视了。由此可知，B项为正确答案，其中的reflect与原文中的teach在此语境下为同义转述。

35.  A) Certain values are shared by a large number of cultures.

B) Some proverbs are assuming more and more importance.

C) Old proverbs are constantly replaced by new ones.

D) Certain values have always been central to a culture.

Q: What do we learn from the study of proverbs from around the world?

A）许多文化拥有某些共同的价值观。

B）一些谚语的重要性日益突出。

C）古老的谚语不断地被新的谚语所替代。

D）某些价值观往往是某一文化的核心。

问：通过对世界各地谚语的调查研究，我们了解到了什么？

►解题思路：

①三项含有表示“某些”的词（certain，some）。

②两项的主语中含有values，两项的主语中含有proverbs。

结论：本题可能涉及某些价值观或谚语所具有的某些特征。

►解析：文章在临近结尾处将观察视角扩大到世界范围。题目中的study of proverbs from around the world与原文完全一致。原文提到，对世界各国谚语的一项研究表明，有一些价值观是许多文化共同拥有的，只是有时对相同的观点会有不同的表达方法。故A项为正确答案。

Section C

听写原文&译文

Our lives are woven together. As much as I enjoy my own［36］company, I no longer imagine I can get through a［37］single day, much less all my life,［38］completely on my own. Even if I am on［39］vacation in the mountains, I am eating food someone else has grown, living in a house someone else has built, wearing clothes someone else has［40］sewn from cloth woven by others, using［41］electricity someone else is distributing to my house.［42］Evidence of interdependence is everywhere. We are on this［43］journey together.

As I was growing up,［44］I remember being carefully taught that independence, not interdependence, was everything. "Make your own way", "Stand on your own two feet", or my mother's favorite remark when I was face-to-face with consequences of some action: "Now that you've made your bed, lie on it!" Total independence is a dominant theme in our culture. I imagine that［45］what my parents were trying to teach me was to take responsibility for my actions and my choices. But the teaching was shaped by our cultural images, and instead I grew up believing that I was supposed to be totally "independent" and consequently became very reluctant to ask for help.

［46］I would do almost anything not to be a burden, and not require any help from anybody.

我们的生活是交织在一起的。尽管我如此喜欢独［36］处，我却无法想象我能［38］全然独自度过［37］一整天，更别提独自度过一生了。即便当我在山区［39］度假之时，我也是吃着别人种植的食物，住着别人建造的房屋，穿着别人用其他人织的布而［40］缝制的衣服，用着别人给我的房子配送的［41］电。相互依存的［42］证据随处可见。在这次［43］旅行中，我们是联系在一起的。

在我成长的过程中，［44］我记得我一直被细心地教导说凡事要独立，不要相互依赖。“走你自己的路”、“自食其力”，或当我面对某种行为的后果时我母亲最喜欢说的一句话：“自作自受”。完全的独立在我们的文化中占据主导地位，我想［45］父母一直努力教育我的是，我要为自己的行为和决定负责。但这种教育是由我们的文化形象所塑造的，结果我长大以后就相信我应该完全“独立”，并因此变得极不情愿寻求帮助。

［46］我会尽我所能不成为一种负担，而且不会向任何人寻求任何帮助。

Part IV　Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)

Section A

截至2050年，预计世界人口将从60亿增至90亿，研究人员、企业和各国政府已经开始着手处理人口增长对从食物、水资源到基础设施及就业等各方面的影响。在这种［47］增长背后潜藏的是对能源的需求，预计这种需求在今后的40年将翻一番。

找到资源以［48］稳定、可持续地满足这种需求是保障我国能源安全的基石，也将是21世纪最大的［49］挑战之一。可替代能源，如生物燃料、风能和太阳能，［50］当然会得到投资和开发，并将在世界能源供应中扮演着越来越重要的［51］角色。但专家表示，即使将可替代能源都［52］加起来，到2050年，可能也只会满足世界能源需求的30％左右。

例如，即使有［53］数量可观的投资，如《美国复苏与再投资法案》中［54］提到的为开发风能所投资的9300万美元，重要的可替代能源，如风能和生物燃料，却仅［55］构成了当今市场的1％左右。

能源和可持续发展专家称，要满足将来的能源需求，可能要依赖于多种［56］解决方案，既包括传统能源又包括可替代能源。

47. H

语法判断：空格前为this，空格后为谓语动词，可知此处应填入名词作句子的主语，且应为单数。

语义判断：选项中的单数名词有三个：role、progress和growth。role意为“角色；作用”，progress意为“发展，进步”，growth意为“增长”。结合句意，此处this______指代的是上一句提到的人口增长问题，而人口增长会导致能源需求增加，符合情理，故选H。

48. A

语法判断：空格前为冠词，空格后为形容词和名词，空格所在处为一个介词短语，结合空格后的逗号可知，此处应填入一个形容词与其后的形容词sustainable并列。

语义判断：符合语法条件的有stable、significant和marvelous三项。stable意为“稳定的”，significant意为“重要的，显著的”，marvelous意为“极好的，令人惊异的”。将这三项逐一代入文中的介词短语中，发现“以一种稳定的、可持续的方式满足需求”最合理，符合语境，故选A。

49. N

语法判断：空格前为形容词，空格后为介词，故此处应填入名词；空格前还有one of，故此处应填名词的复数形式。

语义判断：符合语境的有solutions、competitions和challenges三项。solution意为“解决方式”，competition意为“竞争”，challenge意为“挑战”。根据句意，要找到能源并以一种稳定的、可持续的方式满足能源需求并不是件容易的事，应该是一大挑战，故N最符合句意。

50. O

语法判断：空格前为系动词，空格后为谓语动词，故此处应填入一个副词来修饰谓语动词。

语义判断：符合语法条件的副词只有exactly和certainly两项。根据句意，可替代能源是必然会得到投资和开发的，而不是必须“精确地”被投资和开发，故certainly符合语境。

51. D

语法判断：空格前为冠词a和动词现在分词作定语，空格后为介词短语，故此处应填入单数名词。

语义判断：选项中的单数名词除去growth还有role和progress两项。由于play a...role为固定用法，意为“扮演……的角色；起到……的作用”，且符合句意“可替代能源将在世界能源供应中扮演着越来越重要的角色”，故选D。

52. M

语法判断：空格前为连词when，空格后为主句，可判断出when和空格处一起作后面主句的状语，空格处应填入动词的分词形式，其主语为主句的主语alternative energy sources。

语义判断：符合语法条件的选项有included和combined两项。include意为“包含，包括”，使用时应有“包含”的大小范畴，此处如果说“可替代能源被包含”，则语境中无法判断将可替代能源包含在内的大范畴，故included不正确。combine意为“结合，联合”之意，根据句意，即使将可替代能源都加在一起，也只能满足能量需求的30％左右，符合逻辑和语境，故选M。

53. C

语法判断：空格前为介词，空格后为名词，可知此处应填入形容词。

语义判断：选项中的形容词还有significant和marvelous两项。根据语境，此处形容词修饰的是investment，且其后的例子中提到9300万美元的投资，可知此处是指数量可观，故用significant更为合适，表示数目庞大，故选C。

54. G

语法判断：空格前为名词短语，空格后为介词短语，由于such as后只能跟名词短语，故此处应填入一个动词的分词形式与其后的介词短语一起作前面名词短语的后置定语。

语义判断：选项中除去combined只有included一项符合语法条件，且根据句意，《美国复苏与再投资法案》提到了为风能投资9300万美元，included此处表示“包括在一个整体之中”，符合语境，故选G。

55. K

语法判断：空格前为名词短语，也是句子的主语，空格后为宾语，故此处应填入谓语动词。

语义判断：符合语法条件的有progress、consist和comprise三项。progress意为“进步；进行”，consist意为“由……组成”，需要与介词of搭配，comprise意为“组成，构成”，是及物动词。根据句意，重要能源构成市场的百分之一左右，只有comprise符合语境，故选K。

56. B

语法判断：空格前为a lot of，故空格处应为名词。

语义判断：选项中的名词只剩progress、solutions和competitions三项。根据语境，只有大量的解决方案才能满足将来的能源需求问题，故solutions符合句意，正确答案为B。

Section B

Passage One

男子学校是教会年轻男孩表达情感并参与到美术、舞蹈和音乐活动中的最佳地方。

美国的一项研究称，与传统的富有攻击性的阳刚形象大为不同，在没有女孩的学校里，男孩有机会避免固有印象带来的压力而自由成长。

［57］据称，上单一性别学校的男孩更有可能参与到有助于他们表达情感的文化和艺术活动中，而不是觉得自己必须符合“男孩准则”——要将自己的感情隐藏起来从而成为“真正的男人”。

［58］该研究的发现与大家普遍接受的看法相悖，大家一直认为男孩与女孩一起接受教育时表现得更好。

［59］伊顿公学的校长托尼·利特尔告诫人们，男孩们被英国的教育体制耽误了，因为它过于关注女孩。他批评老师们没能认识到其实男孩比女孩更易动感情。

该研究称，在男孩和女孩同校的学校里，男孩常常表现得很差，这是因为同龄的女孩较早地在口语和阅读技巧方面表现得更好，这让他们很气馁。

该研究的作者，［60］弗吉尼亚大学的阿比盖尔·詹姆斯写道，但是在单一性别学校，老师可以根据男孩的学习风格为其量身打造课程，允许他们在教室里自由走动，让他们分组进行竞争以避免枯燥。

老师可以用“以男孩为中心”的方法来鼓励男孩爱上阅读和写作，比如让他们读或写他们喜欢的主题和人物。［61］因为通常来说，男孩的洞察力更加敏锐，触摸是他们最好的学习方法，并且他们更好动，所以应该给他们上“可以亲手实践的”、允许他们自由走动的课程。詹姆斯写道：“在男孩和女孩同校的学校里，男孩将古典音乐视为是缺乏男子气概的，而更喜欢以暴力和性别歧视为主题的现代音乐”。

单一性别学校提供的教育也使得男孩们不易觉得他们不得不符合人们的固有印象——在与他人的关系中，男人应该是“强势且统揽全局的”。该研究提到，“在男孩和女孩同校的学校里，男孩感觉到不得不像男人一样表现，而他们其实对自身尚未完全了解，并不知道真正的男人应该如何表现”。

【议论文：男子学校有益于男孩成长】

第1段：提出男子学校有益于男孩的成长。

第2～4段：美国的一项研究称，与人们传统的观念不同，在男子学校男孩会表现得更好。

第5～9段：该研究的具体发现。

57. The author believes that a single-sex school would ______.

A) force boys to hide their emotions to be "real men"

B) help to cultivate masculine aggressiveness in boys

C) encourage boys to express their emotions more freely

D) naturally reinforce in boys the traditional image of a man

作者认为单一性别的学校将______。

A）迫使男孩们掩饰他们的情绪以成为“真正的男人”

B）有助于培养男孩们富有攻击性的阳刚之气

C）鼓励男孩们更自由地表达他们的情感

D）自然地强化男孩身上传统的男人形象

►定位：根据题干关键词a single-sex school可以定位到文章第三段。

►解析：由第三段第一句“上单一性别学校的男孩更有可能参与到有助于他们表达情感的文化和艺术活动中”可知，作者认为男子学校可以鼓励男孩更自由地表达自己的情感，故C项正确。其中express their emotions与原文的develop their emotional expressiveness是同义转换。A项与原文表达的意思正好相反，原文指出，在男子学校的男孩不必符合“男孩准则”——要成为“真正的男人”必须将感情隐藏起来，故排除A。B和D项的内容出现在第二段，但原文并不是说男子学校能够帮助培养男孩富有攻击性的阳刚气质，也不是说男子学校能够强化传统的男人形象，而是说男孩在男子学校中无需背负人们固有印象带来的压力，故均排除。

58. It is commonly believed that in a mixed school boys ______.

A) perform relatively better

B) grow up more healthily

C) behave more responsibly

D) receive a better education

人们普遍认为在男女同校的学校里男孩______。

A）表现相对较好

B）能更加健康地成长

C）表现得更有责任感

D）能接受更好的教育

►定位：根据题干关键词commonly believed和in a mixed school可以定位到文章第四段。其中commonly believed与原文的received wisdom意思相近，都是指“人们的普遍观点”；而in a mixed school与taught alongside girls意思相近。

►解析：由第四段“该研究的发现与大家普遍接受的看法相悖，大家一直认为男孩与女孩一起接受教育时表现得更好”可知，人们的普遍观点是，上男孩女孩同校的学校，男孩会表现得更好，这与选项A“表现相对较好”意思一致，故选A。B、C两项原文均未提及，故排除。D项有一定的迷惑性，原文中的do better是指男孩的表现会更好，而不是说男孩女孩同校的学校的教育比男子学校好，故排除。

59. What does Tony Little say about the British education system?

A) It fails more boys than girls academically.

B) It focuses more on mixed school education.

C) It fails to give boys the attention they need.

D) It places more pressure on boys than on girls.

关于英国的教育体制，托尼·利特尔有何种表述？

A）与女孩相比，男孩的学术教育更失败。

B）它更关注男女同校学校的教育。

C）它没有给予男孩们所需要的关注。

D）它给男孩带来的压力要多于女孩。

►定位：根据题干关键词Tony Little和British education system可以定位到文章第五段第一句。

►解析：本题问关于英国的教育体制托尼·利特尔说了什么。由第五段第一句“伊顿公学的校长托尼·利特尔告诫人们，男孩们被英国的教育体制耽误了，因为它过于关注女孩”可知，托尼·利特尔认为英国的教育体制由于过于关注女孩而耽误了男孩，也就是说英国的教育体制没有给男孩他们所需要的关注，故C项正确。其他三项的对比文章中均没有提到，故排除。

60. According to Abigail James, one of the advantages of single-sex schools is ______.

A) teaching can be tailored to suit the characteristics of boys

B) boys can focus on their lessons without being distracted

C) boys can choose to learn whatever they are interested in

D) teaching can be designed to promote boys' team spirit

根据阿比盖尔·詹姆斯的观点，单一性别学校的优点之一是______。

A）教学能根据男孩们的特点因材施教

B）男孩们会集中精力学习功课，不会分心

C）男孩们可选择学习他们感兴趣的任何知识

D）可以特别设计教学模式以提升男孩们的团队精神

►定位：根据题干关键词Abigail James和single-sex schools可以定位到文章第七段。

►解析：本题问的是，根据阿比盖尔·詹姆斯的观点，单一性别学校的优点之一是什么。文章第七段提到，阿比盖尔·詹姆斯写道，但是在单一性别学校，老师可以根据男孩的学习风格为其量身打造课程，允许他们在教室里自由走动，让他们分组进行竞争以避免枯燥。由此可知，单一性别学校的优点之一是可以根据男孩的特点为其量身打造课程，这与A项意思一致，故A为答案。其中tailor一词在选项和原文中都有出现，降低了本题的难度。其他三项原文都没有提及，故均排除。

61. Which of the following is characteristic of boys according to Abigail James' report?

A) They enjoy being in charge.

B) They conform to stereotypes.

C) They have sharper vision.

D) They are violent and sexist.

根据阿比盖尔·詹姆斯的报告，下面哪一项是男孩的特征？

A）他们喜欢掌控一切。

B）他们符合人们的固有印象。

C）他们具有更敏锐的洞察力。

D）他们行为粗暴，歧视女性。

►定位：根据题干关键词characteristic of boys和Abigail James并不能精确定位到答案的出处，但是根据出题顺序与文章顺序基本一致的原则可将答案定位在最后两段。由于倒数第二段出现了James，故答案很可能在该段中。

►解析：本题问的是，根据阿比盖尔·詹姆斯的报告可知，男孩有什么特征。倒数第二段指出，报告中提到“因为通常来说，男孩的洞察力更加敏锐……所以……”故可知男孩的一个特征是有敏锐的洞察力，故C项正确。A项They enjoy being in charge是根据最后一段引号中的内容设置的干扰项，原文是说男人的固有形象是being in charge，这不是男孩的特征，故排除。B项是根据原文多次出现的conform to和stereotype设置的干扰项，原文是说男子学校的男孩无需背负要符合固有印象的压力，所以B项也不是男孩的特征。D项是根据文章倒数第二段最后一句出现的violence and sexism设置的干扰项，原文是说，在男孩和女孩同校的学校里，男孩更喜欢以暴力和性别歧视为主题的现代音乐，并不是说男孩们本身很暴力并且歧视女性，故排除。

Passage two

我们要不要去度假？这是每年都要争吵一次的问题。我的爱人说不去，因为热水器可能出问题或者屋顶可能会塌下来，如果去度假我们就没有储蓄帮我们解决这些问题了。［62］而我说，人只能过这一生，如果不能去度假的话我们努力工作为了什么。经济萧条让人高兴之处就在于它意味着明年我们不用再为此争吵了——明年我们不会去度假。

［63］众所周知，金钱是最有可能毁掉一段关系的，因此我们应该心怀感激。对于很多家庭来说，经济衰退可不仅仅意味着不能去度假。［64］尤格夫（YouGov，英国调研公司）的一项针对2000人的调查发现，有22％的人称他们因为出于对金钱问题的担忧现在与自己的伴侣争吵的次数变多。离婚和分居的比例是否因为经济衰退而升高并没有那么明确——经济压力意味着夫妻双方吵架的次数更多，但也使离婚变得更加负担不起。最近的一项研究表明，有关金钱的争吵特别容易破坏夫妻感情。这类争执的特点是以尖锐的语言攻击为主，争执往往反复出现且难以解决，而且与女人相比，争执更易使男人愤怒。

［65］职业心理学家金·斯蒂芬森认为，金钱因其象征的事物而至关重要，而金钱的象征意义对于男人和女人来说是不同的。“关于金钱，人们的某些看法是相同的，但是金钱的用途对人们来说则是不同的，”他解释道。“人们会说，钱是用来攒的，是用来花的，是用来保障安全的，是用来保障自由的，是为了向某人表明你的爱的。”他说，男人更有可能将金钱视为一种赚取地位的途径或者可以向其父母表明他们取得了一些成就的方式。

“最大的问题是夫妻双方想当然地认为他们知道彼此的财务情况，但他们并不知道。比起谈论死亡，谈论钱似乎更是一个禁忌话题。但是夫妻双方都需要知道对方在做什么，谁向共同账户中存了钱，付了什么账，以及各自保留了多少钱。［66］在良好的夫妻关系中，双方不一定要对钱持相同的看法，但是必须得谈论这个问题。”

【说明文：在夫妻关系中，男人和女人对与金钱有关的问题看法不同】

第1段：作者用自身的例子表明夫妻双方对与金钱有关的问题持不同看法。

第2段：有研究表明，夫妻双方会为了与金钱有关的事情争吵。

第3段：心理学家提出，男人和女人对于金钱的象征意义看法不同。

第4段：夫妻双方即使不能就金钱问题达成一致，也不能避免谈论这个问题。

62. What does the author say about vacationing?

A) People enjoy it all the more during a recession.

B) Few people can afford it without working hard.

C) It makes all the hard work worthwhile.

D) It is the chief cause of family disputes

关于度假，作者说了什么？

A）在经济萧条时期人们更加喜欢度假。

B）如果不努力工作几乎无人能负担得起。

C）它令所有的辛勤劳动变得有意义。

D）它是产生家庭纠纷的主要原因。

►定位：根据题干信息词vacationing以及出题顺序与文章顺序基本一致的原则可将答案定位在第一段。

►解析：第一段介绍了作者及其爱人对度假的不同看法。由第二句可知，作者的爱人认为应该攒钱以备不时之需。第三句...we work hard and what's the point if you can't go on holiday的意思是“如果不能去度假的话我们努力工作为了什么”，由此可以看出，作者认为度假才使努力工作有意义（worthwhile），故本题选C。A项“在经济衰退时人们更加享受度假”与原文第一段最后一句表达的意思相反。最后一句说，“经济萧条让人高兴之处就在于它意味着明年我们不用再为此争吵了——明年我们不会去度假”。根据常识也可以知道，经济衰退的时候，人们经济比较紧张，不可能更加喜欢度假，故排除A。B项和D项均属于过度引申，文章中并没有类似的表达，故排除。

63. What does the author mean by saying "money is known...to bring a relationship to its knees" (Line 1, Para. 2)?

A) Money is considered to be the root of all evils.

B) Some people sacrifice their dignity for money.

C) Few people can resist the temptation of money.

D) Disputes over money may ruin a relationship.

作者说“money is known...to bring a relationship to its knees（第二段第一行）”这句话是什么意思？

A）金钱被认为是万恶之源。

B）有些人会为了金钱而牺牲尊严。

C）很少有人能抵制金钱的诱惑。

D）金钱之争可能会破坏一段关系。

►定位：根据题干信息词Line 1, Para. 2以及money is known...to bring a relationship to its knees可将答案定位在第二段第一句。

►解析：第二段第一句起着承上启下的作用。上文说作者与其爱人为了去不去度假的事情争吵；本句提到金钱会使一段关系……由此我们应该心怀感激；后文还提到，经济衰退使夫妻双方吵架的次数增多，还提到了离婚。由此可见，“金钱之争可能会破坏一段关系”最符合原文，故本题选D。其他三项都与第一段和第二段所述内容联系不大，故排除。

64. The YouGov poll of 2,000 people indicates that in a recession ______.

A) conflicts between couples tend to rise

B) it is more expensive for couples to split up

C) couples show more concern for each other

D) divorce and separation rates increase

尤格夫公司对2000人进行的调查表明，在经济萧条时期______。

A）夫妻间的矛盾往往会增多

B）夫妻分离的成本更高

C）夫妻更加关心对方

D）离婚率和分居率升高

►定位：根据题干信息词YouGov poll of 2,000 people以及in a recession可将答案定位在第二段第三句。

►解析：第二段第三句指出，尤格夫（YouGov，英国调研公司）的一项针对2000人的调查发现，有22％的人称他们因为出于对金钱问题的担忧现在与自己的伴侣争吵的次数变多。由此可知，A项“夫妻间的矛盾往往会增多”为正确答案。conflicts between couples tend to rise与原文中的they were arguing more with their partners属于同义转述。B项比较有迷惑性，原文提到经济衰退使离婚变得更加负担不起，但实际上这是因为人们赚得少了，文中并没有说这是因为离婚的费用变高了，故排除。C项“夫妻更加关心对方”原文明显没有提到，故排除。D项“离婚率和分居率升高”与原文不符，原文说“离婚和分居的比例是否因为经济衰退而升高并没有那么明确——经济压力意味着夫妻双方吵架的次数更多，但也使离婚或分居变得更加负担不起”，也就是说离婚率和分居率也可能更低了。

65. What does Kim Stephenson believe?

A) Money is often a symbol of a person's status.

B) Money means a great deal to both men and women.

C) Men and women spend money on different things.

D) Men and women view money in different ways.

金·斯蒂芬森相信什么？

A）金钱往往是一个人地位的象征。

B）金钱对于男人和女人都很重要。

C）男人和女人花钱方式不同。

D）男人和女人的金钱观不同。

►定位：根据题干信息词Kim Stephenson可将答案定位在第三段。

►解析：第三段第一句即指出，“金钱因其象征的事物而至关重要，而金钱的象征意义对于男人和女人来说是不同的”，这与选项D“男人和女人的金钱观不同”表达的意思一致，故本题选D。其他三个选项通过常识判断似乎都有道理，但都不是文章中金·斯蒂芬森的观点，故排除。

66. The author suggests at the end of the passage that couples should ______.

A) put their money together instead of keeping it separately

B) make efforts to reach agreement on their family budgets

C) discuss money matters to maintain a healthy relationship

D) avoid arguing about money matters to remain romantic

作者在文章结尾处建议夫妻应该______。

A）把钱合在一起而不是各自保存

B）努力达成家庭预算的一致性

C）讨论金钱事宜以维持健康的（夫妻）关系

D）避免讨论金钱问题以保持浪漫

►定位：根据题干信息词at the end of the passage以及出题顺序与文章顺序基本一致的原则可将答案定位在最后一段。

►解析：最后一段最后一句话指出，“在良好的夫妻关系中，双方不一定要对钱持相同的看法，但是必须得谈论这个问题”，也就是说，作者建议夫妻双方要谈论有关钱的问题以维持良好的关系，故本题选C。其他三个选项文章均未提及，故排除。

Part V　Cloze

一项新的调查显示，雇主们担心随着经济开始复苏，他们将无法招聘到拥有他们所需技能的学生。

几乎有一半的机构对研究人员说，他们已经难以找到具有科学、技术、工程和数学（STEM）技能的员工。与此同时，甚至有更多的公司预计在今后三年中将遭遇STEM人才短缺的问题。

英国工商业联合会对涉及公立和私营领域、员工总人数达240万的694家企业和机构进行了一次调查。

其中有一半的企业和机构担心未来几年他们将无法填满毕业生的岗位空缺，而有三分之一的企业和机构担心他们可能无法聘用到足够多的在高中时期学过对口专业课程的员工。

英国工商业联合会会长理查德·兰伯特称：“随着经济复苏步伐的深入和企业开始为经济增长而制订计划，对高技能、高资历人才的需求也在加剧。招聘企业表示，现在已经很难招到具备合适的技术或工程技能的人才了。新政府的当务之急是鼓励更多的年轻人学习与科学相关的学科。”

调查发现，如果年轻人在高中时学习过商务、数学、英语、物理或化学，那么他们的就业前景就会有所改善。雇主们评价最低的高中学科是心理学和社会学。而且，许多雇主并不要求他们的员工一定要拥有某一特定学科的学位，而三分之一的雇主更愿意聘用那些学习过STEM相关学科的学生。

该调查凸显了对英国劳动力在基本技能提高方面没有太大进展的担忧。有一半的雇主担心员工的基本读写和计算能力，而最大的问题与劳动力的IT技能相关，有三分之二的雇主对此表示担忧。

第1段：开门见山引出全文主题——一项研究表明，很多雇主担心招不到具有他们所需技能的员工。

第2段：具体指出该项研究的调查对象（公司和组织）在招收哪类人才方面存在困难。

第3～5段：继续说明对技术类人才的缺乏，并指出新政府应将鼓励年轻人学习与科学相关的学科视为当务之急。

第6段：指出年轻人学习哪些专业更有前景，以及雇主更青睐哪些专业的毕业生。

第7段：指出雇主对于员工缺乏基本技能的现状非常担忧。

67. B

语境分析：本空位于第一段。该句首先表达雇主担心他们招不到具有他们所需技能的学生，然后紧接着是a new survey ______。显然，这里想要表达的是“一项新的研究显示”的意思，结合选项可知，只有B项符合题意，reveal意为“显示，揭示”。

词义分析：submits“提交”；reveals“显示，揭示”；launches“发起；开展”；generates“产生”。

68. D

语境分析：本空位于第二段。本句承接第一段，具体说明研究的结果，即很多公司与组织担心招不到自己想要的雇员。本空所在分句意为“几乎有一半的机构对研究人员说，他们已经难以找到具有科学、技术、工程和数学（STEM）技能的______”，从通篇来看本文讲述的都是招员工的问题，因而此处自然选D，staff表示“员工”的意思。

词义分析：audience“观众”；officials“官员”；partners“合作伙伴”；staff“员工”。

69. A

语境分析：本空仍位于第二段。从选项来看，本题考查逻辑关系。空格前面分句中的were already提示我们，它讲述的是现在招员工困难，而由空格后的expect to和in the next three years可知，该分句讲述的是预计未来招聘员工的情况。由此可知，空格前后分句之间是并列关系，故选A。

词义分析：while“而”，表示并列；because“因为”，表示原因；for“因为”，表示原因；although“虽然”，表示转折。

70. B

语境分析：本空仍位于第二段。由上题的分析可知，本空所在分句想表达的意思应该是“甚至有更多的公司预计在今后三年中将遭遇STEM人才短缺的问题”，四个选项中只有B项符合题意。

词义分析：exits“出口；退出”；shortage“短缺”；absence“缺席”；departure“离开”。

71. A

语境分析：本空位于第三段。上一段讲述的是招工情况的调查结果，本段则引出了开展这项调查的机构名称及调查的过程。由694 businesses and organisations可知，本句讲述的是调查机构获取数据的途径，即调查了694家企业和机构。四个选项中，只有survey具有“调查”的含义，故选A。

词义分析：surveyed“调查”；searched“搜索；搜查”；exposed“暴露；使曝光”；exploited“利用；开采”。

72. B

语境分析：本空仍位于第三段。空格所填词位于介词短语across the public and ______ sectors中，由空格前的and可知，该处填入的词应与public并列且相对应，结合选项可知，此处应选B，public sector指的是“公共部门”，private sector指“私营部门”。

词义分析：collective“公共的；集体的”；private“私有的；私人的”；personal“个人的”；civil“公民的”。

73. C

语境分析：本空位于第四段。该句意为“有一半的公司和机构______未来几年他们将无法填满毕业生的岗位空缺”，由后面的句子可知，该段在讲述公司对于招不到具有较高技能的员工的担心，由此可知，此处应选C，concerned表示“担忧的；烦恼的”。

词义分析：confronted“面对，与……对峙”，使用被动语态时，一般与with连用，即be confronted with“面对”；conformed“遵从”；be concerned with“与……相关，牵涉到”；confused“使……迷惑”。

74. D

语境分析：本空仍位于第四段。该句在讲述招聘员工的困难，结合选项可知，此处缺少一个表示“招聘”的词，四项中只有D项recruit符合。该空与原文第一段首句中的recruit属于原词复现。

词义分析：bind“捆绑；约束”；attain“获得”；transfer“转移”；recruit“招聘”。

75. D

语境分析：本句位于第五段首句。本句引用该项研究的组织者的话来具体说明调查公司对招聘困难的说法。文章首段提到recovery kicks in（经济开始复苏），而本句出现了move further into recovery（经济进一步复苏），表明本句说明的是对未来的设想，结合选项可知，此处应选D，即“随着经济进一步复苏”。

词义分析：lest“唯恐；以免”；unless“除非”；before“在……之前”；as“随着”。

76. B

语境分析：本空仍位于第五段首句。由空格前的and可知，此处的businesses plan ______ growth与we move further into recovery是并列的主谓结构，后者表示“经济进一步复苏”，那么前者自然是为“经济增长而制订计划”，故此处选B，for表示目的。

词义分析：with“和……一起”；for“为了”；on“在……之上；关于”；by“通过……方式”。

77. D

语境分析：本空仍位于第五段首句，是在主句中，由主从句的逻辑关系可知，此主句要表达的是对具有高技能和资格的人员需求量会增加，四项中只有D项符合题意。

词义分析：dominate“占主导地位，占优势”；stretch“伸长，伸展”；enforce“加强”，为及物动词，故不符合题意；intensify“增强，加强”。

78. B

语境分析：本空位于第五段第二句。由空格后的or可知，该空所填词与engineering是并列关系，推测选B。从全文来看，整篇文章都在讲述招聘技术工程人员的困难，故此处应填入跟技术相关的词，故答案为B。

词义分析：creative“创造性的，富有创意的”；technical“技术的”；narrative“叙述性的”；physical“身体的；物质的”。

79. A

语境分析：本空位于第五段第三句。由于前一句讲到公司招聘技术人员已经存在困难，第四句自然是想建议新政府一定要将鼓励更多年轻人学习与科学相关的学科视为当务之急。结合选项可知，此处选A。

词义分析：priority“优先考虑的对象，优先解决的问题”；option“选择”；challenge“挑战”；judgment“判断”。

80. D

语境分析：本空仍位于第五段第三句。由上题分析可知，此处要表达的是“鼓励更多的年轻人学习与科学相关的______”，结合选项可知，此处选D。

词义分析：procedures“程序”；academies“院校”；thoughts“想法；思想”；subjects“学科”。

81. D

语境分析：本空位于文章第六段首句。本段承接上一段最后一句，讲述学习哪些学科的人就业前景更好。该句要表达的是“______年轻人在高中时学习过商务、数学、英语、物理或化学，他们的就业前景就会有所改善”。因此可知，此处缺少一个表示条件关系的词，D项正确。

词义分析：until“直到……为止”；since“既然；自从”；whereas“然而，反之”；if“假如，如果”。

82. A

语境分析：本空位于第六段第二句。本句提到的学科psychology和sociology都属于文科类学科，而不是大部分雇主期望的技术类学科，因而此处想表达的是“雇主评价最低的学科”，四个选项中只有A项符合题意。

词义分析：rate“评价”；discuss“讨论”；order“命令；订购”；observe“观察”。

83. B

语境分析：本空位于第六段第三句。这一句讲述的是雇主对应聘者学历的要求。本空位于while引导的状语从句中。由于while常用来表示对比，因而考生可以从主句的意思猜测从句的意思。主句的意思是“有三分之一的雇主更愿意聘用那些学习过STEM相关学科的学生”，故可以推测从句要表达的意思是“很多雇主并不要求他们的员工一定要拥有某一特定学科的学位”，结合选项可知，正确答案为B。

词义分析：typical“典型的”；particular“特定的”；positive“积极的”；general“一般的；大体的”。

84. A

语境分析：本空位于第七段首句。由本段第二句的意思（一半的雇主表达了他们对员工基本读写和计算能力的担忧）可知，本项研究强调了对英国上班的员工在提高基本技能方面缺乏进步的担忧。结合选项可知，此处选A。

词义分析：highlighted“强调，突出”；prescribed“规定”；focused“关注；聚焦”，与on连用才能接宾语；touched“触碰”。

85. B

语境分析：本空仍位于第七段首句。由上题的分析可知，此空应填入表示“员工”的词。结合选项可知，此处应选B，workforce与该段第二句中的employees属于同义替换。

词义分析：masses“大众”；workforce“劳动力”；faculty“全体教员”；communities“社区；团体”。

86. C

语境分析：本空位于第七段第二句。从选项可以看出，本空要求考生选出定语从句的引导词。我们需要看定语从句two-thirds reported concerns与先行词IT skills的关系。此处要表达的是在报告所涉及的雇主中，三分之二担忧的是员工的IT技能。这里的concerns的意思是“担忧”，在此处是不及物动词，所以定语从句不缺少宾语，故该空应选关系副词。结合选项，此处选C，where相当于about which。

词义分析：what“什么”，引导主语从句和宾语从句，相当于the thing which；whom“谁”，用于指代人，属于宾格的关系代词；where“哪里”，可用作定语从句的关系副词，相当于“介词＋which”；why“为什么”，可用作定语从句中的关系副词，表原因，常见的形式如the reason why。

Part VI　Translation

87. raise money for the earthquake survivors/the survivors of the earthquake或者raise money for those who survived the earthquake

【考查点】短语：raise money, earthquake survivors, survive sth.（注意，survive后面接宾语时，直接加灾祸等名词，不需要借助于任何介词）

【随学随练】The earthquake survivors were deeply moved when ___________________________________（他们收到这位拾荒者的捐款）。

88. could not have received my email

【考查点】短语：receive one's email

语法：用情态动词can/could表达对过去事情语气较强的否定性推测时，结构为can/could not have done sth.，意为“（某人）过去不可能做过某事”；如果语气较弱，需用情态动词may或might，may/might not have done sth.表示“（某人）过去或许没有做过某事”。

【随学随练】Bruce __________________________________________ (不可能参加昨晚的圣诞聚会); he stayed with us the whole night in the dormitory.

89. that/who has always been encouraging me not to lose heart或者that/who has always encouraged me not to lose heart或者that/who keeps encouraging me not to lose heart

【考查点】短语：encourage sb. (not) to do sth., lose heart

句型：本句中使用了强调句式，it is＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他。该句式中被强调部分如果是人的话既可以用who也可以用that来引导，但如果被强调部分是物的话，则只能用that来引导。

【随学随练】It is _______________ (勇气和信心) counts when the players of equal ability are competing.

90. take the popularity of the novel into account/consideration

【考查点】词汇：popularity

短语：take sth. into account/consideration把……考虑在内

【随学随练】The government must _________________________ (把社会效益考虑进去) when launching a major economic program.

91. define happiness only by money

【考查点】短语：define...by...

句型：It is good/bad/proper/wrong to do sth.

【随学随练】It is not proper to _________________________________ (仅以学习成绩定义学生的成功).

大学英语四级考试

2012年6月真题

COLLEGE ENGLISH TEST

— Band Four —

试　题　册

注意事项

一、将自己的校名、姓名、准考证号写在答题卡1和答题卡2上。将本试卷代号划在答题卡2上。

二、试卷册、答题卡1和答题卡2均不得带出考场。考试结束，监考员收卷后考生才可离开。

三、仔细读懂题目的说明。

四、在30分钟内做完答题卡1上的作文题。30分钟后，考生按指令启封试题册，在接着的15分钟内完成快速阅读理解部分的试题。然后监考员收取答题卡1，考生在答题卡2上完成其余部分的试题。全部答题时间为125分钟，不得拖延时间。

五、考生必须在答题卡上作答，凡是写在试题册上的答案一律无效。

六、多项选择题每题只能选一个答案；如多选，则该题无分。选定答案后，用HB-2B浓度的铅笔在相应字母的中部划一条横线。

正确方法是：［A］［C］［D］。

使用其他符号答题者不给分。划线要有一定的粗度，浓度要盖过字母底色。

七、如果要改动答案，必须先用橡皮擦净原来选定的答案，然后再按规定重新答题。

八、在考试过程中要注意对自己的答案保密。若被他人抄袭，一经发现，后果自负。

Part I　Writing (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled On Excessive Packaging following the outline given below. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

1．目前许多商品存在过度包装的现象

2．出现这一现象的原因

3．我对这一现象的看法和建议

On Excessive Packaging

Part Ⅱ　Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)　(15 minutes)

Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.

Small Schools Rising

This year's list of the top 100 high schools shows that today, those with fewer students are flourishing.

Fifty years ago, they were the latest thing in educational reform: big, modern, suburban high schools with students counted in the thousands. As baby boomers (二战后婴儿潮时期出生的人) came of high-school age, big schools promised economic efficiency, a greater choice of courses, and, of course, better football teams. Only years later did we understand the trade-offs this involved: the creation of excessive bureaucracies (官僚机构), the difficulty of forging personal connections between teachers and students. SAT scores began dropping in 1963; today, on average, 30% of students do not complete high school in four years, a figure that rises to 50% in poor urban neighborhoods. While the emphasis on teaching to higher, test-driven standards as set in NO Child Left Behind resulted in significantly better performance in elementary (and some middle) schools, high schools for a variety of reasons seemed to have made little progress.

Size isn't everything, but it does matter, and the past decade has seen a noticeable countertrend toward smaller schools. This has been due, in part, to the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, which has invested $1.8 billion in American high schools, helping to open about 1,000 small schools—most of them with about 400 kids each, with an average enrollment of only 150 per grade. About 500 more are on the drawing board. Districts all over the country are taking notice, along with mayors in cities like New York, Chicago and San Diego. The movement includes independent public charter schools, such as No.1 BASIS in Tucson, with only 120 high-schoolers and 18 graduates this year. It embraces district-sanctioned magnet schools, such as the Talented and Gifted School with 198 students, and the Science and Engineering Magnet, with 383, which share a building in Dallas, as well as the City Honors School in Buffalo, N.Y., which grew out of volunteer evening seminars for students. And it includes alternative schools with students selected by lottery (抽签), such as H-B Woodlawn in Arlington, Va. And most noticeable of all, there is the phenomenon of large urban and suburban high schools that have split up into smaller units of a few hundred, generally housed in the same grounds that once boasted thousands of students all marching to the same band.

Hillsdale High School in San Mateo, Calif., is one of those, ranking No. 423—among the top 2% in the country—on Newsweek's annual ranking of America's top high schools. The success of small schools is apparent in the listings. Ten years ago, when the first Newsweek list based on college-level test participation was published, only three of the top 100 schools had graduating classes smaller than 100 students. This year there are 22. Nearly 250 schools on the full Newsweek list of the top 5% of schools nationally had fewer than 200 graduates in 2007.

Although many of Hillsdale's students came from wealthy households, by the late 1990s average test scores were sliding and it had earned the unaffectionate nickname (绰号) "Hillsjail." Jeff Gilbert, a Hillsdale teacher who became principal last year, remembers sitting with other teachers watching students file out of a graduation ceremony and asking one another in astonishment, "How did that student graduate?"

So in 2003 Hillsdale remade itself into three "houses," romantically named Florence, Marrakech and Kyoto. Each of the 300 arriving ninth graders are randomly (随机地) assigned to one of the houses, where they will keep the same four core subject teachers for two years, before moving on to another for 11th and 12th grades. The closeness this system cultivates is reinforced by the institution of "advisory" classes. Teachers meet with students in groups of 25, five mornings a week, for open-ended discussions of everything from homework problems to bad Saturday-night dates. The advisers also meet with students privately and stay in touch with parents, so they are deeply invested in the students' success. "We're constantly talking about one another's advisees," says English teacher Chris Crockett. "If you hear that yours isn't doing well in math, or see them sitting outside the dean's office, it's like a personal failure." Along with the new structure came a more demanding academic program; the percentage of freshmen taking biology jumped from 17 to 95. "It was rough for some, but by senior year, two-thirds have moved up to physics," says Gilbert. "Our kids are coming to school in part because they know there are adults here who know them and care for them." But not all schools show advances after downsizing, and it remains to be seen whether smaller schools will be a cure-all solution.

The Newsweek list of top U.S. high schools was made this year, as in years past, according to a single metric, the proportion of students taking college-level exams. Over the years this system has come in for its share of criticism for its simplicity. But that is also its strength: it's easy for readers to understand, and to do the arithmetic for their own schools if they' d like.

Ranking schools is always controversial, and this year a group of 38 superintendents (地区教育主管) from five states wrote to ask that their schools be excluded from the calculation. "It is impossible to know which high schools are 'the best' in the nation," their letter read, in part. "Determining whether different schools do or don't offer a high quality of education requires a look at many different measures, including students' overall academic accomplishments and their subsequent performance in college, and taking into consideration the unique needs of their communities."

In the end, the superintendents agreed to provide the data we sought, which is, after all, public information. There is, in our view, no real dispute here; we are all seeking the same thing, which is schools that better serve our children and our nation by encouraging students to tackle tough subjects under the guidance of gifted teachers. And if we keep working toward that goal, someday, perhaps, a list won't be necessary.

1. Fifty years ago, big, modern, suburban high schools were established in the hope of ______.

A) ensuring no child is left behind

B) increasing economic efficiency

C) improving students' performance on SAT

D) providing good education for baby boomers

2. What happened as a result of setting up big schools?

A) Teachers' workload increased.

B) Students' performance declined.

C) Administration became centralized.

D) Students focused more on test scores.

3. What is said about the schools funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation?

A) They are usually magnet schools.

B) They are often located in poor neighborhoods.

C) They are popular with high-achieving students.

D) They are mostly small in size.

4. What is most noticeable about the current trend in high school education?

A) Some large schools have split up into smaller ones.

B) A great variety of schools have sprung up in urban and suburban areas.

C) Many schools compete for the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation funds.

D) Students have to meet higher academic standards.

5. Newsweek ranked high schools according to ______.

A) their students' academic achievement

B) the number of their students admitted to college

C) the size and number of their graduating classes

D) their college-level test participation

6. What can we learn about Hillsdale's students in the late 1990s?

A) They were made to study hard like prisoners.

B) They called each other by unaffectionate nicknames.

C) Most of them did not have any sense of discipline.

D) Their school performance was getting worse.

7. According to Jeff Gilbert, the "advisory" classes at Hillsdale were set up so that students could ______.

A) tell their teachers what they did on weekends

B) experience a great deal of pleasure in learning

C) maintain closer relationships with their teachers

D) tackle the demanding biology and physics courses

8. __________ is still considered a strength of Newsweek's school ranking system in spite of the criticism it receives.

9. According to the 38 superintendents, to rank schools scientifically, it is necessary to use _________.

10. To better serve the children and our nation, schools should hire gifted teachers and encourage students to take ___________.

Part III　Listening Comprehension　(35 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

11. A) Trying to sketch a map.

B) Painting the dining room.

C) Discussing a house plan.

D) Cleaning the kitchen.

12. A) She is tired of the food in the canteen.

B) She often eats in a French restaurant.

C) She usually takes a snack in the KFC.

D) She is very fussy about what she eats.

13. A) Listening to some loud music.

B) Preparing for an oral examination.

C) Talking loudly on the telephone.

D) Practicing for a speech contest.

14. A) The man has left a good impression on her family.

B) The man can dress casually for the occasion.

C) The man should buy himself a new suit.

D) The man's jeans and T-shirts are stylish.

15. A) Grey pants made from pure cotton.

B) Fashionable pants in bright colors.

C) 100% cotton pants in dark blue.

D) Something to match her brown pants.

16. A) Its price.

B) Its location.

C) Its comfort.

D) Its facilities.

17. A) Travel overseas.

B) Look for a new job.

C) Take a photo.

D) Adopt a child.

18. A) It is a routine offer.

B) It is new on the menu.

C) It is quite healthy.

D) It is a good bargain.

Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

19. A) Hosting an evening TV program.

B) Having her bicycle repaired.

C) Lecturing on business management.

D) Conducting a market survey.

20. A) He repaired bicycles.

B) He served as a consultant.

C) He worked as a salesman.

D) He coached in a racing club.

21. A) He wanted to be his own boss.

B) He found it more profitable.

C) He didn't want to start from scratch.

D) He didn't want to be in too much debt.

22. A) They work five days a week.

B) They are all the man's friends.

C) They are paid by the hour.

D) They all enjoy gambling.

Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

23. A) It has gradually given way to service industry.

B) It remains a major part of industrial activity.

C) It has a history as long as paper processing.

D) It accounts for 80 percent of the region's GDP.

24. A) Transport problems.

B) Shortage of funding.

C) Lack of resources.

D) Poor management.

25. A) Competition from rival companies.

B) Product promotion campaigns.

C) Possible locations for a new factory.

D) Measures to create job opportunities.

Section B

Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.

26. A) They shared mutual friends in school.

B) They had known each other since childhood.

C) They shared many extracurricular activities.

D) They had many interests in common.

27. A) At a local club.

B) At Joe's house.

C) At the sports center.

D) At the boarding school.

28. A) Durable friendships can be very difficult to maintain.

B) One has to be respectful of other people in order to win respect.

C) It is hard for people from different backgrounds to become friends.

D) Social divisions will break down if people get to know each other.

Passage Two

Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.

29. A) Near the entrance of a park.

B) In his building's parking lot.

C) At a parking meter.

D) At a street corner.

30. A) It had been taken by the police.

B) It had been moved to the next block.

C) It had been stolen by someone.

D) It had been parked at a wrong place.

31. A) At the Greenville center.

B) At a public parking lot.

C) In a neighboring town.

D) In the city garage.

Passage Three

Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.

32. A) Famous creative individuals.

B) The mysteriousness of creativity.

C) A major scientific discovery.

D) Creativity as shown in arts.

33. A) It is something people all engage in.

B) It helps people acquire knowledge.

C) It starts soon after we are born.

D) It is the source of all artistic work.

34. A) Creative imagination.

B) Logical reasoning.

C) Natural curiosity.

D) Critical thinking.

35. A) It is beyond ordinary people.

B) It is yet to be fully understood.

C) It is part of everyday life.

D) It is a unique human trait.

Section C

Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.

Students have been complaining more and more about stolen property. Radios, cell phones, bicycles, pocket (36) ______, and books have all been reported stolen. Are there enough campus police to do the job?

There are 20 officers in the Campus Security Division. Their job is to (37) ______ crime, accidents, lost and found (38) ______, and traffic problems on campus. More than half of their time is spent directing traffic and writing parking tickets. (39) _____ promptly to accidents and other (40) _____ is important, but it is their smallest job.

Dealing with crime takes up the rest of their time. Very (41) ______ do any violent crimes actually (42) ______. In the last five years there have been no (43) ______, seven robberies and about 60 other violent attacks, most of these involving fights at parties. On the other hand, (44) ____________________________________________________________________, which usually involves breaking windows or lights, or writing on walls. The thefts are not the carefully planned burglaries (入室盗窃) that you see in movies. (45) ________________________________________________________________________________.

Do we really need more police? Hiring more campus police would cost money, possibly making our tuition go up again. (46) _______________________________________________________________________________.

Part IV　Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)　(25 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the banks more than once.

Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.

One in six. Believe it or not, that's the number of Americans who struggle with hunger. To make tomorrow a little better, Feeding America, the nation's largest 　47　 hunger-relief organization has chosen September as Hunger Action Month. As part of its 30 Ways in 30 Days program, it's asking 　48　 across the country to help the more than 200 food banks and 63,000 agencies in its network provide low-income individuals and families with the fuel they need to 　49　.

It's the kind of work that's done every day at St. Andrew's Episcopal Church in San Antonio. People who 　50　 at its front door on the first and third Thursdays of each month aren't looking for God—they're there for something to eat. St. Andrew's runs a food pantry (食品室) that 　51　 the city and several of the 　52　 towns. Janet Drane is its manager.

In the wake of the 　53　, the number of families in need of food assistance began to grow. It is 　54　 that 49 million Americans are unsure of where they will find their next meal. What's most surprising is that 36% of them live in 　55　 where at least one adult is working. "It used to be that one job was all you needed," says St. Andrew's Drane. "The people we see now have three or four part-time jobs and they're still right on the edge 　56　."

A) survive

B) surrounding

C) serves

D) reviewed

E) reported

F) recession

G) households

H) gather

I) formally

J) financially

K) domestic

L) competition

M) communities

N) circling

O) accumulate

Section B

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.

In times of economic crisis, Americans turn to their families for support. If the Great Depression is any guide, we may see a drop in our skyhigh divorce rate. But this won't necessarily represent an increase in happy marriages. In the long run, the Depression weakened American families, and the current crisis will probably do the same.

We tend to think of the Depression as a time when families pulled together to survive huge job losses. By 1932, when nearly one-quarter of the workforce was unemployed, the divorce rate had declined by around 25% from 1929. But this doesn't mean people were suddenly happier with their marriages. Rather, with incomes decreasing and insecure jobs, unhappy couples often couldn't afford to divorce. They feared neither spouse could manage alone.

Today, given the job losses of the past year, fewer unhappy couples will risk starting separate households. Furthermore, the housing market meltdown will make it more difficult for them to finance their separations by selling their homes.

After financial disasters family members also tend to do whatever they can to help each other and their communities. A 1940 book, The Unemployed Man and His Family, described a family in which the husband initially reacted to losing his job "with tireless search for work." He was always active, looking for odd jobs to do.

The problem is that such an impulse is hard to sustain. Across the country, many similar families were unable to maintain the initial boost in morale (士气). For some, the hardships of life without steady work eventually overwhelmed their attempts to keep their families together. The divorce rate rose again during the rest of the decade as the recovery took hold.

Millions of American families may now be in the initial stage of their responses to the current crisis, working together and supporting one another through the early months of unemployment.

Today's economic crisis could well generate a similar number of couples whose relationships have been irreparably (无法弥补地) ruined. So it's only when the economy is healthy again that we'll begin to see just how many broken families have been created.

57. In the initial stage, the current economic crisis is likely to _______.

A) tear many troubled families apart

B) contribute to enduring family ties

C) bring about a drop in the divorce rate

D) cause a lot of conflicts in the family

58. In the Great Depression many unhappy couples chose to stick together because _______.

A) starting a new family would be hard

B) they expected things would turn better

C) they wanted to better protect their kids

D) living separately would be too costly

59. In addition to job losses, what stands in the way of unhappy couples getting a divorce?

A) Mounting family debts.

B) A sense of insecurity.

C) Difficulty in getting a loan.

D) Falling housing prices.

60. What will the current economic crisis eventually do to some married couples?

A) It will force them to pull their efforts together.

B) It will undermine their mutual understanding.

C) It will help strengthen their emotional bonds.

D) It will irreparably damage their relationship.

61. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?

A) The economic recovery will see a higher divorce rate.

B) Few couples can stand the test of economic hardships.

C) A stable family is the best protection against poverty.

D) Money is the foundation of many a happy marriage.

Passage Two

Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.

People are being lured (引诱) onto Facebook with the promise of a fun, free service, without realizing they're paying for it by giving up loads of personal information. Facebook then attempts to make money by selling their data to advertisers that want to send targeted messages.

Most Facebook users don't realize this is happening. Even if they know what the company is up to, they still have no idea what they're paying for Facebook, because people don't really know what their personal data is worth.

The biggest problem, however, is that the company keeps changing the rules. Early on, you could keep everything private. That was the great thing about Facebook—you could create your own little private network. Last year, the company changed its privacy rules so that many things—your city, your photo, your friends' names—were set, by default (默认), to be shared with everyone on the Internet.

According to Facebook's vice-president Elliot Schrage, the company is simply making changes to improve its service, and if people don't share information, they have a "less satisfying experience."

Some critics think this is more about Facebook looking to make more money. Its original business model, which involved selling ads and putting them at the side of the page, totally failed. Who wants to look at ads when they're online connecting with their friends?

The privacy issue has already landed Facebook in hot water in Washington. In April, Senator Charles Schumer called on Facebook to change its privacy policy. He also urged the Federal Trade Commission to set guidelines for social-networking sites. "I think the senator rightly communicated that we had not been clear about what the new products were and how people could choose to use them or not to use them," Schrage admits.

I suspect that whatever Facebook has done so far to invade our privacy, it's only the beginning. Which is why I'm considering deactivating (撤销) my account. Facebook is a handy site, but I'm upset by the idea that my information is in the hands of people I don't trust. That's too high a price to pay.

62. What do we learn about Facebook from the first paragraph?

A) It is a website that sends messages to targeted users.

B) It makes money by putting on advertisements.

C) It profits by selling its users' personal data.

D) It provides loads of information to its users.

63. What does the author say about most Facebook users?

A) They are reluctant to give up their personal information.

B) They don't know their personal data enriches Facebook.

C) They don't identify themselves when using the website.

D) They care very little about their personal information.

64. Why does Facebook make changes to its rules according to Elliot Schrage?

A) To render better service to its users.

B) To conform to the Federal guidelines.

C) To improve its users' connectivity.

D) To expand its scope of business.

65. What does Senator Charles Schumer advocate?

A) Setting guidelines for advertising on websites.

B) Banning the sharing of users' personal information.

C) Formulating regulations for social-networking sites.

D) Removing ads from all social-networking sites.

66. Why does the author plan to cancel his Facebook account?

A) He is dissatisfied with its current service.

B) He finds many of its users untrustworthy.

C) He doesn't want his personal data abused.

D) He is upset by its frequent rule changes.

Part V　Cloze　(15 minutes)

Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D)on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Part VI　Translation　(5 minutes)

Directions: Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets. Please write your translation on Answer Sheet 2.

87. Those flowers looked as if they _________________________________________________________ (好长时间没有浇水了).

88. Fred bought a car last week. It is _____________________________________________________________ (比我的车便宜一千英镑).

89. This TV program is quite boring. We might _____________________________________________________ (不妨听听音乐).

90. He left his office in a hurry, with ______________________________________________________________ (灯亮着，门开着).

91. The famous novel is said to _________________________________________________________________ (已经被译成多种语言).

2012年6月大学英语四级考试真题详解

Part I Writing

On Excessive Packaging

Nowadays, excessive packaging has become a widespread phenomenon in our society.① We can find many goods, especially food, wrapped in appealing boxes, such as tea, mooncakes and wine.② Many reasons contribute to the emergence of this phenomenon, but generally speaking, they come down to the following two.③

On the one hand, with the development of society and economy, the competition in the market is fiercer than ever before. To earn more profits, many manufacturers pack their products excessively, through which to stimulate the customers' purchasing desire. On the other hand, quite a few customers who judge the goods by their packages hold the idea that the more beautiful the package seems the higher the quality will be. The idea has in turn encouraged the trend of excessive packaging.④

As far as I am concerned, excessive packaging is a harmful phenomenon, which is a waste of resources and ought to be totally wiped out.⑤ First, laws and regulations should be made to forbid excessive packaging. Furthermore, consumers' awareness that excessive packaging doesn't equal to high quality should be aroused.⑥

①．开门见山，点明主题——许多商品存在过度包装的现象。

②．用such as列举出日常生活中存在过度包装问题的商品，增加论据的说服力。

③．首段最后一句自然过渡，为下一段进一步分析问题做准备。

④．用on the one hand和on the other hand分别从商家和消费者的角度出发，分析过度包装现象产生的原因，条理清晰。

⑤．用as far as I am concerned明确表达我对过度包装的看法，切合提纲。

⑥．用first和furthermore分别引出自己的两点建议。

论过度包装

现如今，过度包装已经成为社会中普遍存在的现象。我们可以发现很多商品——尤其是食品——被包装在吸引眼球的盒子中，如茶叶、月饼和葡萄酒。导致这一现象出现的原因有很多，但是总的来说，可以归结为以下两点：

一方面，随着社会和经济的发展，市场竞争比以往任何时候都激烈。为了获得更多的利润，许多生产商会过度包装他们的商品，通过这种方式来刺激消费者的购买欲望。另一方面，有相当多的消费者通过外包装来评价商品，他们认为外包装越漂亮，商品的质量越高。这种观念反过来也助长了过度包装的势头。

在我看来，过度包装是一种有害的现象，它是一种资源浪费，应该被彻底消除。首先，应该建立法律法规来禁止过度包装行为。此外，必须让消费者认识到过度包装不等同于高质量。

要点用法

widespread phenomenon 普遍存在的现象

the more...the more... 越……越……

appealing 吸引人的

as far as I am concerned 在我看来；就我个人而言

contribute to 促成；对……有贡献

wipe out 消除

generally speaking 总的来说

first...furthermore... 首先……再者……

come down to 归结为

equal to 等同于

on the one hand...on the other hand... 一方面……另一方面……

句法点评

1. We can find many goods, especially food, wrapped in appealing boxes, such as tea, mooncakes and wine.

本句中especially food为插入语，对过度包装商品的范围做进一步说明，使文章更严谨。

2. To earn more profits, many manufacturers pack their products excessively, through which to stimulate the customers' purchasing desire.

本句的后半句是介词＋which引导的非限制性定语从句，其中which作介词through的宾语，指代主句所表达的内容。该从句由“介词＋关系代词＋不定式”构成，属于定语从句的特殊用法，相当于through which they can stimulate the consumers' purchasing desire。

3. On the other hand, quite a few customers who judge the goods by their packages hold the idea that the more beautiful the package seems the higher the quality will be.

本句中包含一个定语从句和一个同位语从句。who引导的定语从句修饰先行词customers；that引导的同位语从句作idea的同位语。

4. As far as I am concerned, excessive packaging is a harmful phenomenon, which is a waste of resources and ought to be totally wiped out.

句中which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词excessive packaging。

Part II　Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)

小学校崛起

今年的前100名高中排行榜表明，学生人数较少的学校正日渐兴盛。

50年前，它们——拥有成千上万学生的大规模现代化郊区高中——是教育改革的最新成就。［1］随着战后婴儿潮时期出生的人到了上高中的年龄，规模大的学校向人们承诺更高的经济效率、更多的可选课程，当然，还有更好的足球队。直到多年以后，我们才理解了这种做法的代价：此举导致了过多官僚机构的产生，也使得老师和学生之间很难形成个人联系。［2］1963年，学生的SAT（学术能力评估考试）分数开始下降；如今，平均有30％的学生在四年内无法完成高中学业，而这一数字在贫穷的城市居住区达到了50％。尽管教育法案《不让一个孩子掉队》强调教学要达到更高水平的应试标准，促使小学（以及一些初中）学生的成绩有了大幅提高，但高中由于各种原因似乎并没有什么改进。

［3］规模并不代表一切，但也确实很重要，而且在过去十年里明显有朝着较小规模学校发展的反向趋势。这在某种程度上与比尔与梅琳达·盖茨基金会有关；该基金会为美国高中投资18亿美元，资助创办了约1000所小型学校——大部分学校只有约400名学生，每个年级平均只有150人。此外还有大约500所学校处于筹划阶段。全国各个地区的人们都注意到了这一状况，纽约、芝加哥和圣地亚哥等市的市长也不例外。这种趋势包括创办独立的公立特许学校，比如位于图森的第一基础中学，该校只有120名高中生，今年只有18名学生毕业。也包括地区批准的精英中学，比如在达拉斯市共用一处校舍、只有198名学生的英才学校和只有383名学生的理工科公立学校，以及由学生自愿参加的晚间研讨班发展而来的、位于纽约州布法罗市的城市荣誉中学。此外还包括抽签选择生源的新式学校，如位于弗吉尼亚州阿灵顿市的H-B木草地高中。［4］最值得注意的是，各地出现了大规模市区、郊区高中分立为只有几百名学生的较小单位的现象；这些小学校通常就位于之前的学校原址，而这些学校曾以成千上万名学生在同一管乐队的乐曲声中整齐列队而自豪。

位于加利福尼亚州圣马特奥市的希尔斯代尔高中就是其中的一所；在《新闻周刊》美国年度高中排行榜上，该校排名第423位，属于全国前2％。在这张榜单上，小学校的成功显而易见。［5］十年前，当《新闻周刊》基于大学水平考试参加率发布首份排行榜时，前100名的学校中只有3所学校的毕业班人数少于100。而今年有22所学校的毕业班人数少于100。《新闻周刊》发布的全国前5％高中排行榜中有将近250所学校在2007年的毕业生少于200人。

［6］尽管希尔斯代尔高中的许多学生来自富裕家庭，但20世纪90年代末之前，学生的平均考试成绩一直在下滑，这为它赢得了一个不太友好的绰号“希尔斯监狱”。希尔斯代尔高中的一名老师——杰夫·吉尔伯特去年荣升校长，他曾记得与其他老师坐在一起，看着学生们在毕业典礼后陆续散去，互相惊讶地问道：“那个学生是怎么毕业的？”

因此，在2003年，希尔斯代尔高中分立为三个分校，并且都有着浪漫的名字：佛罗伦萨、马拉喀什和京都。300名升入9年级的学生被随机分到三个分校中的一个，两年内四门核心课程的授课老师不变，之后他们会进入另一所分校完成11年级和12年级的学业。［7］这一体制所营造的师生亲密感，通过“咨询”班的建立得到加强。“咨询”班每班有25名学生，每周有五天上午有课，讨论的话题都是开放性的，从家庭作业中的问题到周六晚上糟糕的约会，应有尽有。指导老师私下里也会和学生见面，并和学生父母保持联系，所以他们对学生的成功付出了很多精力。“我们经常会谈到彼此指导的学生，”英语老师克丽丝·克罗克特说。“如果你听说你指导的学生数学成绩不好，或者看到他们坐在教务长办公室的外面，这就像是自己失败了一样。”这一新制度随之催生了一个要求更高的课程体系；选修生物学的新生比率从17％上升到了95％。“对有些学生来说这很难，但到了12年级，三分之二的学生会进而选修物理学。”吉尔伯特说。“我们的孩子之所以来这所学校，部分原因是他们知道这里有理解他们、关心他们的大人。”但并不是所有的学校缩小规模后都有提高，因此较小规模的学校是否放之四海而皆准，有待验证。

《新闻周刊》今年发布的美国高中排行榜如往年一样，参照的都是单一的衡量标准，即参加大学水平考试的学生比例。［8］多年来，这一方法因太过简单而备受指责，但同时这种简单化也是它的优势：读者很容易理解，而且如果读者乐意，还可以计算自己学校的得分。

榜上有名的学校往往有争议，今年有来自5个州的38位地区教育主管写信请求将他们所在地区的学校排除在排名之外。“要确定全国范围内哪些高中是‘最好的’，这几乎是不可能的。”在某种程度上，他们在信中传达了这样一个信息。［9］“确定不同的学校能否提供高质量的教育，需要参考很多不同的标准，包括学生的总体学习成绩以及他们接下来在大学里的表现，而且还需要考虑他们所生活社区的特殊需求。”

最后，地区教育主管同意提供我们想要的数据，毕竟这属于公共信息。在我们看来，这里没有真正的争议；［10］我们都想要获得同样的结果，那就是通过鼓励学生在有才能的教师的指导下攻克艰难的学科，学校能更好地服务于我们的孩子和国家。而且如果我们坚持朝着这一目标努力，或许有一天，排行榜也就没有存在的必要了。

1. Fifty years ago, big, modern, suburban high schools were established in the hope of ______.

A) ensuring no child is left behind

B) increasing economic efficiency

C) improving students' performance on SAT

D) providing good education for baby boomers

50年前，建立大型的现代化城郊高中是希望______。

A）确保没有孩子落后

B）提高经济效率

C）提高学生的SAT成绩

D）为婴儿潮时期出生的一代人提供良好的教育

►线索词：big，modern，suburban high schools

►定位处：第一段第二句。

►解析：文章第二句提到，随着战后婴儿潮时期出生的人到了上高中的年龄，规模大的学校向人们承诺更高的经济效率、更多的可选课程，以及更好的足球队。其中“更高的经济效率”、“更多的可选课程”和“更好的足球队”都是好的教育所包含的具体内容，D项“为婴儿潮时期出生的一代人提供良好的教育”全面地概括了这三点，故为答案。

2. What happened as a result of setting up big schools?

A) Teachers' workload increased.

B) Students' performance declined.

C) Administration became centralized.

D) Students focused more on test scores.

建立大型学校导致了什么情况？

A）教师工作量加大。

B）学生成绩下滑。

C）管理集中化。

D）学生更注重考试成绩。

►线索词：as a result，setting up big schools

►定位处：第一段第三、四句。

►解析：题干问的是创办大型学校的结果，题干中的result对应原文第一段第三句中的trade-offs。文章从第一段第三句开始论述大型学校的弊端，其中提到了官僚机构过多、学生和老师之间关系疏远这两点。接下来第四句提到，1963年学生的SAT（学术能力评估考试）分数开始下降，如今平均有30％的学生在四年内完不成高中学业。由此可知，学校规模过大导致了学生成绩下滑，故选B。

3. What is said about the schools funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation?

A) They are usually magnet schools.

B) They are often located in poor neighborhoods.

C) They are popular with high-achieving students.

D) They are mostly small in size.

对于由比尔与梅琳达·盖茨基金会资助的学校，文章有什么样的表述？

A）它们往往是精英中学。

B）它们往往位于贫困社区。

C）它们受到高分学生青睐。

D）它们大多规模很小。

►线索词：the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation

►定位处：第二段。

►解析：原文第二段提到，在过去十年里明显有朝着较小规模学校发展的反向趋势。这在某种程度上与比尔与梅琳达·盖茨基金会有关；该基金会为美国高中投资18亿美元，资助创办大约1000所小型学校……可见小学校盛行部分是因为比尔与梅琳达·盖茨基金会，而且该基金会投资创办的大多是小型学校，故答案为D。

4. What is most noticeable about the current trend in high school education?

A) Some large schools have split up into smaller ones.

B) A great variety of schools have sprung up in urban and suburban areas.

C) Many schools compete for the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation funds.

D) Students have to meet higher academic standards.

当前高中教育最引人注目的趋势是什么？

A）一些大型学校分化为规模更小的学校。

B）城市和郊区涌现出各种各样的学校。

C）许多学校竞相争取比尔与梅琳达·盖茨基金。

D）学生们不得不达到更高的学业标准。

►线索词：most noticeable，the current trend

►定位处：第二段最后一句。

►解析：根据线索词定位到原文：And most noticeable of all, there is the phenomenon of large urban and suburban high schools that have split up into smaller units of a few hundred...，选项A是对原文的同义转述，故为答案。

5. Newsweek ranked high schools according to ______.

A) their students' academic achievement

B) the number of their students admitted to college

C) the size and number of their graduating classes

D) their college-level test participation

《新闻周刊》依据______来对高中学校进行排名。

A）学生的学习成绩

B）被大学录取的学生人数

C）毕业班的规模和数量

D）学生参加大学水平测试的情况

►线索词：Newsweek，ranked high schools，according to

►定位处：第三段第三句。

►解析：题干中的according to和原文中的based on意思相似，因此based on后面的内容college-level test participation即为正确答案，选项D与此一致，故为答案。

6. What can we learn about Hillsdale's students in the late 1990s?

A) They were made to study hard like prisoners.

B) They called each other by unaffectionate nicknames.

C) Most of them did not have any sense of discipline.

D) Their school performance was getting worse.

关于20世纪90年代末希尔斯代尔的学生，我们能了解到些什么情况？

A）他们被迫像囚犯一样刻苦学习。

B）他们使用冷冰冰的绰号称呼彼此。

C）他们中的大部分人都没有纪律性。

D）他们的学习成绩正在恶化。

►线索词：Hillsdale's students，the late 1990s

►定位处：第四段第一句。

►解析：根据线索词定位到原文：...by the late 1990s average test scores were sliding...，选项D是对原文的同义转述，故为答案。

7. According to Jeff Gilbert, the "advisory" classes at Hillsdale were set up so that students could ______.

A) tell their teachers what they did on weekends

B) experience a great deal of pleasure in learning

C) maintain closer relationships with their teachers

D) tackle the demanding biology and physics courses

根据杰夫·吉尔伯特的观点，希尔斯代尔建立“咨询性”课程是为了使学生能够______。

A）和老师分享他们周末所做的事情

B）在学习过程中体验诸多乐趣

C）和老师保持更亲密的关系

D）应对高要求的生物和物理课程

►线索词："advisory" classes

►定位处：第五段第三句。

►解析：根据线索词定位到原文：The closeness this system cultivates is reinforced by the institution of "advisory" classes，即"advisory" classes增强了closeness。接下来后文提到"advisory" classes每班有25名学生，上课讨论的内容应有尽有，老师也会私下里与学生会面，并和学生家长保持联系。由此可知，这种closeness指的是老师和学生之间的亲密感，选项C与原文内容一致，故为答案。

8. Simplicity is still considered a strength of Newsweek's school ranking system in spite of the criticism it receives.

尽管遭受非难，简单易行仍然被认为是《新闻周刊》为学校排名的系统的一个优势。

►线索词：strength，criticism

►定位处：第六段第二、三句。

►解析：根据线索词定位到第六段，文中提到《新闻周刊》在进行高中排名时参照的是单一的衡量标准，而这种简单化为它招致了许多指责，接下来又提到：But that is also its strength，这里的that指代的就是前文的“简单化”，故答案为simplicity。注意单词的首字母要大写。

9. According to the 38 superintendents, to rank schools scientifically, it is necessary to use many different measures.

根据这38位地区教育主管的观点，想要科学地为学校排名，有必要使用诸多不同的评判方法。

►线索词：38 superintendents，to rank schools scientifically

►定位处：第七段。

►解析：第七段提到38位地区教育主管写信请求将他们所在地区的学校排除在排名之外，并表示确定哪些学校是“最好的”几乎是不可能的，接下来他们提到，要确定学校能否提供高质量的教育，需要参考很多不同的标准。题干中的use与原文中的requires a look at含义相似，因此at后的内容即为答案。

10. To better serve the children and our nation, schools should hire gifted teachers and encourage students to take tough subjects.

为了更好地服务于我们的孩子和国家，学校应该聘请有才能的老师任教，同时鼓励学生去选择富有挑战性的科目。

►线索词：better serve the children and our nation，gifted teachers，encourage students

►定位处：末段第二句。

►解析：根据线索词定位到原文：...schools that better serve our children and our nation by encouraging students to tackle tough subjects under the guidance of gifted teachers，题干中的take与原文中的tackle属于同义转述，故tackle后面的内容tough subjects即为答案。

Part III　Listening Comprehension

Section A

11. A) Trying to sketch a map.

B) Painting the dining room.

C) Discussing a house plan.

D) Cleaning the kitchen.

M: As you can see from the drawings, the kitchen has one door into the dining room, another into the family room and a third to the outside.

W: The door into the family room isn't big enough. Could it be made wider?

Q: What are the speakers doing?

A）在努力画一张地图素描。

B）在粉刷餐厅。

C）在讨论房屋设计图。

D）在打扫厨房。

男：就像你从图上能看到的，厨房有一扇门通向餐厅，另一扇通向家庭活动室，还有一扇通往室外。

女：通往家庭活动室的门不够大。能把它拓宽一些吗？

问：两位说话者在做什么？

►听前预测：

①四项均以动词的-ing形式开头（trying，painting，discussing，cleaning）。

②三项提及与房子有关的信息（dining room，house plan，kitchen）。

结论：对话内容可能围绕房子展开，应留意二人所谈论的是房子中的哪一部分。很可能会考查二人正在做什么。

►解析：男士介绍道：“就像你从图上能看到的，厨房有一扇门通向餐厅，另一扇通向家庭活动室，还有一扇通往室外。”女士说：“通往家庭活动室的门不够大，能把它拓宽一些吗？”由此可见，对话中的两个人是在谈论关于房屋设计的话题。故选C。

12.  A) She is tired of the food in the canteen.

B) She often eats in a French restaurant.

C) She usually takes a snack in the KFC.

D) She is very fussy about what she eats.

M: I'm thinking about where to go for a bite tonight. Any suggestions, Barbara?

W: Well, how about the French restaurant near the KFC? Frankly, I've had enough of our canteen food.

Q: What do we learn about the woman?

A）她吃腻了食堂的食物。

B）她经常在一家法国餐厅就餐。

C）她通常在肯德基吃快餐。

D）她对饮食很挑剔。

男：我在考虑今晚去哪儿吃饭。有什么好的建议吗，芭芭拉？

女：呃，去肯德基旁边的法国餐厅怎么样？说实在的，我已经受够了咱们食堂的饭菜。

问：关于该女士，我们能了解到什么信息？

►听前预测：

①四项均以she开头。

②两项含有与负面态度相关的词（is tired of，is very fussy about）。

③两项含有表示频率高的副词（often，usually）。

④四项均与食物或吃饭有关（food，canteen，restaurant，snack，KFC，eats）。

结论：对话涉及一位女性，可能谈及她吃东西的习惯，或者描述她对于某类食物的态度。

►解析：男士问女士对于晚饭去吃什么有何建议，女士推荐一家开在肯德基旁边的法式餐馆，并且补充说她已经厌倦了食堂的饭菜，故选A。该项中的is tired of...与原文中的had enough of...（对……已经吃腻了）是同义转述。

13.  A) Listening to some loud music.

B) Preparing for an oral examination.

C) Talking loudly on the telephone.

D) Practicing for a speech contest.

W: Hey, if you can't enjoy the music at a sensible volume, why not use earphones? I'm preparing for the speech contest.

M: Oh, sorry. I didn't realize I've been bothering you all this time.

Q: What is the man probably doing?

A）在听一些声音很响的音乐。

B）在准备口语考试。

C）在大声地通电话。

D）在为演讲比赛做练习。

女：嘿，要是音乐声音不够响你就无法享受音乐的话，为什么不用耳机听呢？我在准备演讲比赛呢。

男：哦，抱歉。我没有意识到我一直在打扰你。

问：该男士可能在做什么？

►听前预测：

①四个选项均以动词的-ing形式开头（listening，preparing，talking，practicing）。

②两项含有表示“大声”的词（loud，loudly）。

③两项包含与准备、练习有关的词（prepare，practice）。

结论：应将听音重点放在与动作有关的内容上，注意辨别某人正在做什么。

►解析：女士对男士说，如果他不想把音乐声音调小一点的话，不如戴上耳机，因为她正在为演讲比赛作准备。可知男士正在听音乐，并且声音很大，从why not use earphones也可做出推断，故本题应选A。sensible意为“合理的”，volume意为“音量”。

14. A) The man has left a good impression on her family.

B) The man can dress casually for the occasion.

C) The man should buy himself a new suit.

D) The man's jeans and T-shirts are stylish.

M: Finally, I've got the chance to put on my new suit tonight. I hope to make a good impression on your family.

W: Come on! It's only a family reunion. So jeans and T-shirts are just fine.

Q: What does the woman mean?

A）男士已经给她的家人留下了良好印象。

B）在这一场合男士可以穿得随意一些。

C）男士应该给自己买一套新西服。

D）男士的牛仔裤和T恤衫很时尚。

男：今晚我终于有机会穿上我的新西服了。我希望能给你的家人留下良好印象。

女：拜托！就是个家庭聚会而已。所以穿牛仔裤和T恤衫就行了。

问：该女士的意思是什么？

►听前预测：

①四个选项均以the man开头。

②三项与衣着有关（dress，suit，jeans and T-shirts）。

③两项含有表示建议意味的情态动词（can，should）。

结论：对话涉及一位男士的衣着，应注意对方对他衣着的评价或者建议。

►解析：男士说，他终于有机会穿他的西装了，他想给女士的家人留下一个好印象。女士说，这只是一次家庭聚会，穿牛仔裤和T恤衫就可以了，言下之意是不用太正式，故正确答案为B。casually意为“随意地，非正式地”。

15.  A) Grey pants made from pure cotton.

B) Fashionable pants in bright colors.

C) 100% cotton pants in dark blue.

D) Something to match her brown pants.

M: Would you like to see those pants in brown and navy blue? These two colors are coming in this season.

W: Oh, actually grey is my favorite color, but I prefer something made from cotton, 100% cotton, I mean.

Q: What is the woman looking for?

A）灰色纯棉裤子。

B）亮色的时尚裤子。

C）深蓝色纯棉裤子。

D）能搭配她棕色裤子的东西。

男：你想看看那些棕色和海军蓝色的裤子吗？这两种颜色本季开始流行起来。

女：哦，实际上灰色才是我的最爱，但我喜欢棉质的东西，我的意思是纯棉的。

问：该女士在寻找什么？

►听前预测：

①四项都提到了裤子（pants）。

②两项涉及裤子的材质（pure cotton，100% cotton）。

③四项都提到了裤子的颜色（grey，bright colors，dark blue，brown）。

结论：对话很可能描述某条裤子的特征，应重点留意关于材质、颜色的信息。

►解析：对话中女士正在选购裤子，男士是一名售货员，他向女士推荐棕色或海军蓝的裤子，因为这两个颜色在这一季正流行。女士说其实她最喜欢灰色，但更重要的是她想买一条纯棉材质的。由此可知，女士想买一条灰色纯棉裤子，故选A。

16. A) Its price.

B) Its location.

C) Its comfort.

D) Its facilities.

W: From here, the mountains look as if you could just reach out and touch them.

M: That's why I chose this lodge. It has one of the best views in Switzerland.

Q: What is the man's chief consideration in choosing the lodge?

A）它的价格。

B）它的位置。

C）它的舒适性。

D）它的设施。

女：从这里看，群山似乎触手可及。

男：这正是我选择这家旅馆的原因。在这里可以看到瑞士最棒的一种景致。

问：该男士选择这家旅馆时主要考虑的因素是什么？

►听前预测：四项都以its开头，后面接一个名词（price，location，comfort，facilities），故可知本题考查的内容与某一事物的属性有关，可能问“某人最关注哪方面”之类的问题，听音时应首先弄清楚its的指代对象。

►解析：女士说，从她们所处的位置望去，群山似乎触手可及。男士说，这就是他选择这个小屋作为住处的原因，因为在这里可以看到瑞士最美的景色之一。可见对于男士来讲，选择住处最重要的因素在于其地理位置（location），故本题选B。对话中lodge一词可能给理解造成困扰，其意为“小屋；住处”，尤指简易的屋舍。

17.  A) Travel overseas.

B) Look for a new job.

C) Take a photo.

D) Adopt a child.

M: What do I have to do to apply for a passport?

W: You need proof of citizenship, either an old passport or a birth certificate and three photographs. Then you must complete this form and pay a fee.

Q: What is the man most probably going to do?

A）到国外旅行。

B）找一份新工作。

C）照相。

D）领养一个孩子。

男：申请护照我得做些什么？

女：你需要国籍证明，旧护照或出生证明都可以，还有三张照片。然后你得填写这张表格并缴费。

问：该男士最有可能要去做什么？

►听前预测：

①四项均以动词原形开头（travel，look for，take，adopt）。

②三项在动词或动词短语后接冠词a和名词（a new job，a photo，a child）。

结论：对话很可能涉及某人的动作，由于选项开头的动词或动词短语既不是-ing形式，也不是过去分词形式，且后接冠词＋名词，故本题很可能是问某人将要做的事情。

►解析：对话中男士问道，如果他要申请护照，需要提供些什么？女士回答说，需要提供国籍证明（如旧护照或出生证）以及三张照片，然后填表、缴费。解题的关键词是passport，申请护照即意味着可能将要出国，故选A。

18. A) It is a routine offer.

B) It is new on the menu.

C) It is quite healthy.

D) It is a good bargain.

M: Miss, can I interest you in the pork special we're serving tonight? It's only 7.99, half the usual price and it's very tasty.

W: Oh really? I'll try it.

Q: What does the man say about the dish?

A）它是日常菜品。

B）它是菜单上的新品。

C）它非常健康。

D）它价格很实惠。

男：女士，您对今晚的这款猪肉特价菜感兴趣吗？只需7.99（美元），比平时价格便宜一半，而且味道很棒。

女：哦，真的吗？我要尝尝看。

问：关于这道菜，该男士说了什么？

►听前预测：

①四项均以it is开头。

②is后面的表语中都包含一个形容词（routine，new，healthy，good）。

结论：本题很可能考查某人对某一事物的评价，听音时应首先弄清楚it的指代对象。

►解析：对话中男士是一位餐厅服务员，正在向女士推荐当晚的特价菜，他说，这款以猪肉为原料的菜品售价仅为7.99，是平时价格的一半，而且味道很好。女士接受了他的推荐，表示愿意尝试一下。可见，男服务员认为点这道菜很划算，故选D。be a good bargain意为“（某物）价格很划算，物超所值”。

Conversation One

听力原文&译文

W:［19］Good evening, and welcome to this week's Business World, the program for and about business people. Tonight we have Mr. Steven Kane, who has just taken over an established bicycle shop. Tell us, Mr. Kane, what made you want to run your own store?

M: Well, I've always loved racing bikes and fixing them.［20］When I was working full-time as a salesman for a big company, I seldom had time to enjoy my hobby. I knew then that as soon as I had enough money to get my own business going, I'd do it. I had my heart set on it and I didn't let anything stand in my way.［21］When I went down to the bank and got a business loan, I knew I'd love being my own boss. Now my time is my own. I open the store when I want and leave when I want.

W: You mean you don't keep regular hours?

M: Well, the sign on my store says the hours are ten to six, but if business is slower than usual, I can just lock up and take off early.

W: Have you hired any employees to work with you yet?

M:［22］Yeah, a couple of friends of mine who love biking as much as I do. They help me out a few days a week. It's great because we play cards or just sit around and talk when there are no customers.

W: Thank you, Mr. Kane. We wish you success in your new business.

女：［19］晚上好，欢迎来到本周的《商业世界》，我们的节目专为商界人士量身打造。今晚我们请来了史蒂文·凯恩先生，他刚刚接手一家二手自行车店。凯恩先生，请告诉我们，是什么促使您想自主经营店铺的呢？

男：呃，一直以来我都很喜欢自行车运动，也喜欢修理自行车。［20］当我在一家大公司做全职销售的时候，我很少有时间享受我的爱好。那时我就知道，一旦我有足够多的钱运作自己的生意时，我就会去做。我一门心思想着做这件事情，不让任何事情阻挡我的道路。［21］当我最终从银行得到一笔商业贷款时，我知道我想自己当老板。现在我的时间属于我自己了。我想营业的时候就营业，想离开的时候就可以离开。

女：您的意思是说你的营业时间没有规律？

男：呃，我店里的招牌上写着的营业时间是从10点到6点，但如果生意比平时差的话，我就会关门，早些离开。

女：您目前雇人和你一起工作了吗？

男：［22］是的，是我的几个朋友，他们和我一样喜欢自行车。他们一周来帮我几天。这样很好，因为当没有客人的时候，我们就打打牌或者干脆闲坐着聊天。

女：谢谢您，凯恩先生。我们希望您的新事业获得成功。

19.  A) Hosting an evening TV program.

B) Having her bicycle repaired.

C) Lecturing on business management.

D) Conducting a market survey.

Q: What is the woman doing?

A）在主持一档晚间电视节目。

B）在修理她的自行车。

C）在做商业管理讲座。

D）在做一项市场调查。

问：该女士正在做什么？

►听前预测：

①四项均以动名词开头，可推测该题是对某一动作行为进行考查。

②B项中提到了her，故听音时应重点留意女士的话。

结论：该题可能是对女士的动作行为进行考查。四个选项的信息点比较分散，分别是主持晚间电视节目、修自行车、做关于商业管理的讲座以及进行市场调查。听音时应重点关注与选项内容相关的词语，然后再根据问题做出判断。

►解析：对话一开始，女士说道：“晚上好，欢迎来到本周的《商业世界》，我们的节目为商界人士量身打造。”由此可知，女士正在主持一个晚间电视节目，故A项为正确答案。

20. A) He repaired bicycles.

B) He served as a consultant.

C) He worked as a salesman.

D) He coached in a racing club.

Q: What did Mr. Kane do before he took over the bicycle shop?

A）他修理自行车。

B）他曾做过顾问。

C）他曾是销售人员。

D）他曾在赛车俱乐部当教练。

问：凯恩先生在接手自行车店之前是做什么的？

►听前预测：

①四项均以he开头。

②四项均为一般过去时态。

③四项均含有与职业相关的词（repaired bicycles，consultant，salesman，coached in a racing club）。

结论：本题可能是对男士过去所从事的职业进行考查。听音时应重点留意选项中出现的与职业相关的词。

►解析：当女士问男士是什么促使他开一家属于自己的店时，男士说自己一直很喜欢自行车运动，也喜欢修理自行车。但当他在一家大公司做全职销售员时，他很少有时间享受自己的爱好。然而他知道只要自己有足够的资金来开展自己的事业，他就会去做。由此可知，男士在开自行车商店之前是一名销售员，故C项为正确答案。

21.  A) He wanted to be his own boss.

B) He found it more profitable.

C) He didn't want to start from scratch.

D) He didn't want to be in too much debt.

Q: Why did the man take over a bicycle shop?

A）他想自己当老板。

B）他觉得这样获利更多。

C）他不想白手起家。

D）他不想背负太多债务。

问：该男士为什么要接手一家自行车店？

►听前预测：

①四项均以he开头。

②三项含有表示“想要”的词（want），其中一项为肯定，两项为否定。

结论：本题可能考查男士做某事或不做某事的原因，听音时应将重点放在own boss、profitable、start from scratch（白手起家）以及debt上。

►解析：对话中男士说道，当他去银行借了商业贷款之后，他就想自己当老板。现在他的时间都是自己的，想开店时就开店，不想开店就关门。由此可知，男士经营自行车商店的原因是他想要自己给自己当老板，故A项正确。

22. A) They work five days a week.

B) They are all the man's friends.

C) They are paid by the hour.

D) They all enjoy gambling.

Q: What do we learn about the people working in the shop?

A）他们一周工作5天。

B）他们都是男士的朋友。

C）他们按小时计酬。

D）他们都喜欢赌博。

问：关于在店里工作的人我们知道些什么？

►听前预测：

①四项均以they开头。

②两项含有与工作或报酬相关的词（work，paid），一项说明了they的身份，一项说明了they的喜好。

结论：该题是对they的相关信息进行考查，由B项可知，they与男士相关。听音时应首先弄清楚they的指代对象，并将听音重点放在各选项关键词（work five days，paid by the hour，friends，enjoy gambling）上，然后再根据问题做出判断。

►解析：在对话快结束时，女士问男士的店里是否有雇员，男士作了肯定回答，他的一些喜欢骑自行车的朋友一周会来帮几天忙。四个选项中，只有B项与此表述一致，故为正确答案。A、C两项文中未提及；D项与原文信息不符，文中男士只提到当店里没有顾客的时候，他会和朋友们打牌或者坐在一起聊天，并没有说他们喜欢赌博，故D项也可排除。

Conversation Two

听力原文&译文

W: Well, the main activities in the region were historically steel and paper processing, I think.

M: Yes, but I'm not quite sure about the status of those industries now. Could you tell us something about that?

W: Yes, of course.［23］In fact, they are less significant, but steel-related manufacturing still accounts for 44% of industrial activity. So it's still very important. In fact, 80% of Spain's machine tools are from the Basque Country. As for paper processing, there's still a little. But it's no longer what it once was in the region. So, is that clear?

M: Yes, thanks.

W: Now, to get back to what I was saying, there's a lot of unemployment as well as geographical problems in the region.

M: Sorry, Victoria. What do you mean by geographical problems?

W: Well, what I mean is the area is very hilly, mountainous in parts.［24］So there used to be transport problems, now though there are new train links and better roads, but it may be that some smaller towns inland remain not very well connected. Is that OK? Does that make sense?［25］When we talk about specific location suggestions for the factory, we'll see this in more detail, so we'll come back to this question, OK?

M: OK, right.

W: So, I was about to say something about the work force in the region and the level of training and education. In general, it's very good and improving.

女：呃，我想这个地区过去主要的生产活动就是钢铁业和纸张加工业。

男：是的，但是那些行业的现状我不是很了解，你能为我们介绍一些吗？

女：当然可以。［23］事实上，它们已经不那么重要了，但是钢铁制造业仍然占工业活动的44％，所以它仍然很重要。事实上，80％的西班牙机床都来自巴斯克地区。至于纸张加工业，还留有一些。但与它曾经在这个地区的地位已经不可同日而语了。这样说清楚了吗？

男：是的，谢谢。

女：现在，回到我刚才说的话题，这一地区有着大量的失业和地理问题。

男：对不起，维多利亚，你所说的地理问题指的是什么？

女：哦，我的意思是这一带部分地区有很多丘陵和大山。［24］所以过去存在着交通问题，现在尽管新开通了火车线路，改善了公路系统，但可能一些较小的内陆城镇仍然不能很好地与外界相连。这样说可以了吗？我说明白了是吧？［25］当我们讨论为工厂选具体位置的建议时，我们会更加详细地了解这方面的信息，所以我们回头再说这个问题，好吧？

男：好的，没问题。

女：那么，我要说说这个地区劳动力以及培训和教育水平的一些情况。总体上说，情况非常好，呈良性发展态势。

23. A) It has gradually given way to service industry.

B) It remains a major part of industrial activity.

C) It has a history as long as paper processing.

D) It accounts for 80 percent of the region's GDP.

Q: What does the woman say about steel-related manufacturing in the region?

A）它逐步让位于服务行业。

B）它仍然是工业活动中的一个主要部分。

C）它和纸张加工业的历史一样长。

D）它占该地区国内生产总值的80％。

问：关于这个地区钢铁制造业，该女士说了什么？

►听前预测：

①四项均以it开头。

②三项含有与产业或经济相关的词（industry，industrial activity，GDP）。

结论：该题可能考查与it相关的产业或经济状况。听音时应首先弄清楚it的指代对象，并将听音重点放在各选项的关键词（service industry，major part，industrial activity，history，paper processing，80 percent，region's GDP）上，然后再根据问题进行判断。

►解析：对话中女士提到，该地区曾经的主要产业是钢铁和纸张加工，但现在这两种产业的重要性有所下降。尽管如此，钢铁制造业仍旧占据当地产业活动的44％，依然很重要。四项中只有B项信息与此一致，故为正确答案。A、C两项文中均未提及；D项比较具有干扰性，对话中虽然提到了80％这一数字，但它并非指的是占GDP的比重，而是指西班牙所使用的机床中来自巴斯克地区的机床的比率，故也可排除。

24.  A) Transport problems.

B) Shortage of funding.

C) Lack of resources.

D) Poor management.

Q: What problem hinders the region's development?

A）交通问题。

B）资金匮乏。

C）资源贫乏。

D）管理不善。

问：什么问题阻碍了该地区的发展？

►听前预测：

①四项均为名词短语，可推测该题以what进行提问。

②四项均含有表示问题或困难的词（problems，lack，shortage，poor）。

结论：结合上题可知，该题可能是对经济或产业方面的问题进行考查。考生应首先弄清楚四个选项的内容，然后重点关注录音中与选项内容相关的信息，然后根据问题进一步做出判断。

►解析：对话中女士提到，当地存在许多失业问题和地理问题。当男士问地理问题指的是什么时，女士说当地很多地方是山区，过去在交通运输方面存在问题，现在尽管新修了铁路并对公路进行了完善，但仍然很难将内陆的一些小镇与外面的世界连接起来。由此可知，阻碍当地经济发展的问题是交通运输问题，故A项正确。

25. A) Competition from rival companies.

B) Product promotion campaigns.

C) Possible locations for a new factory.

D) Measures to create job opportunities.

Q: What will the speakers discuss later?

A）来自竞争对手公司的竞争。

B）产品推广活动。

C）新工厂备选厂址。

D）创造就业机会的措施。

问：说话者接下来将讨论什么问题？

►听前预测：

①四项均为名词短语，可推测该题以what进行提问。

②两项含有与产业相关的词（product，factory），两项含有与公司或工作相关的词（companies，job）。

结论：该题可能考查与产业、公司或工作相关的信息，听音时应重点留意。

►解析：对话中，当女士向男士解释完何谓地理问题时，紧接着说在他们接下来谈到为工厂选址的问题时，会再详细地探讨这个问题的。由此可知，两名说话者接下来会谈到为新工厂选择地点的问题，故C项为正确答案。

Section B

Passage One

听力原文&译文

［26］I first met Joe Gumps when we were both 9 years old, which is probably the only reason he is one of my best friends. If I had first met Joe as a freshman in high school, we wouldn't even have had the chance to get to know each other. Joe is a day student, but I am a boarding student. We haven't been in the same classes, sports or extracurricular activities. Nonetheless,［27］I spend nearly every weekend at his house, and we talk on the phone every night. This is not to say that we would not have been compatible if we had first met in our freshman year. Rather, we would not have been likely to spend enough time getting to know each other, due to the lack of immediately visible mutual interests.

In fact, to be honest, I struggle even now to think of things we have in common, but maybe that's what makes us enjoy each other's company so much. When I look at my friendship with Joe, I wonder how many people I've known whom I never disliked but simply didn't take the time to get to know.［28］Thanks to Joe, I have realized how little basis there is, for the social divisions that exist in every community. Since this realization, I have begun to make an even more determined effort to find friends in unexpected people and places.

［26］与乔·冈普斯初次相遇是在我们都9岁的那一年，这可能是他成为我最好的一位朋友的唯一原因。如果我是在成为高中新生的时候才遇到乔，我们甚至不会有相识的机会。乔是个走读生，但我是寄宿生。我们一直不在同一个班级，也没一起参加过同一项运动或课外活动。但是，［27］我几乎每个周末都是在他家度过的，而且我们每天晚上都通电话。这不是说如果我们初次见面是在上高中的第一年，我们就不能共处。而是说我们不可能有足够多的时间去相互了解，因为我们之间缺少显而易见的共同兴趣和爱好。

事实上，坦白地说，我现在得费劲地想我们之间都有些什么共同之处，但或许这正是我们如此享受彼此陪伴的原因所在吧。当我思考我和乔之间的友谊时，我想知道在我认识的人当中，我从来就不讨厌但就是没有花时间去了解的人会有多少。［28］多亏了乔，我才意识到每个社区所存在的社会分化是多么没有道理。意识到这一点之后，我开始更加坚决地努力要在意想不到的人群和地方寻找朋友。

整体预测

快速浏览各题选项，由其中的关键词shared、mutual、in common、friendships以及become friends可以发现，本文可能谈论与友情相关的内容。第一题涉及两人的共同点，第二题涉及地点，第三题涉及得出的结论，听音时应重点关注相关内容。

26. A) They shared mutual friends in school.

B) They had known each other since childhood.

C) They shared many extracurricular activities.

D) They had many interests in common.

Q: Why does the speaker say Joe Gumps became one of his best friends?

A）他们在学校有共同的朋友。

B）他们从童年时就互相认识。

C）他们有很多共同的课外活动。

D）他们有很多共同的兴趣爱好。

问：根据说话者的叙述，乔·冈普斯为何成了他最好的朋友之一？

►解题思路：

①四项均以they开头，且时态均为一般过去时。

②三项均含有表示共同点的词语（shared，mutual，in common）。

结论：本题很可能是问两个好朋友所具有的共同点，即两个人成为朋友的原因。

►解析：文章一开头就提到，他和乔·冈普斯在他们九岁时就认识了，这可能是乔·冈普斯成为他最好朋友之一的唯一原因。由此可见，讲话者认为乔·冈普斯之所以能成为他的好朋友，是因为他们相识很早，故本题选B。

27. A) At a local club.

B) At Joe's house.

C) At the sports center.

D) At the boarding school.

Q: Where does the speaker spend most of his weekends?

A）在当地一家俱乐部。

B）在乔的家里。

C）在体育中心。

D）在寄宿学校。

问：说话者周末的大部分时间是在哪里度过的？

►解题思路：四项都是以at开头的地点状语。听音时应留意与地点有关的信息，尤其应注意是否有提到local club、house、sports center或boarding school的地方。

►解析：说话者提到，他和乔并不是同班，在体育活动或课外活动方面也没有什么交集，但他几乎每个周末都在他家度过，每天晚上也都和他通电话。由此可知，B为正确答案，且关键词at his house在选项B中原词复现。

28. A) Durable friendships can be very difficult to maintain.

B) One has to be respectful of other people in order to win respect.

C) It is hard for people from different backgrounds to become friends.

D) Social divisions will break down if people get to know each other.

Q: What has the speaker learned from his friendship with Joe?

A）持久的友谊很难维持。

B）要赢得他人的尊重就必须尊重他人。

C）背景不同的人很难成为朋友。

D）如果人们彼此了解，社会分化就会瓦解。

问：说话者从他和乔的友谊中学到了什么？

►解题思路：

①两项含有表示朋友、友情的词（friendships，friends）。

②两项含有表示困难的词（difficult，hard），两项含有表示差异的词（different backgrounds，social divisions）。

结论：本题可能考查的是结识朋友或维持友情可能会遇到的困难或问题。

►解析：在后半部分，讲话者提到，当反观与乔之间的友情时，他意识到，他认识许多自己并非不喜欢的人，但从未花时间多了解他们一下。他要感谢乔使他明白，其实各个社会群体内部的划分并不是泾渭分明的，也就是说，只要人们愿意去相互接触、相互了解，所谓的社会界线就很容易消融。故本题选D。

Passage Two

听力原文&译文

It was a bad night for Louis. His research in the neighboring town had taken longer than he expected. It was late and he was very tired when he drove home.［29］He turned into his building's parking lot, but all the spaces were full. He drove back out onto the street looking for a parking space. The first block was full. The next block was almost empty. Louis didn't see a no-parking sign, but he suspected that if parking were allowed there, most of the spaces would be filled. Then he saw a small parking lot with two free spaces. He was so glad to see them that he didn't even think to read the sign by the entrance. He drove in, parked, and hurried home to go to bed. The next morning he went back to the lot to get his car. It was gone.［30］He ran home and telephoned the city police to say that his car had been stolen. It took the police only a minute to tell him what had happened. His car had been on a private lot. It had been taken away by the police.［31］Louis had to take a taxi to the city garage far from the center of town. He had to pay a fee of $40 to get his car back. In addition, he got a parking ticket—his first one ever in Greenville.

对于路易斯来说，那是个糟糕的夜晚。他在邻近城镇的研究花的时间比他预计的长。天已经很晚了，当他驱车回家时感觉非常疲惫。［29］他拐进他家楼前的停车场，但所有的停车位都满了。他把车开回到街上想找个停车的地方。第一个街区是满的。下一个街区几乎是空着的。路易斯没有看到不能停车的标志，但是他怀疑如果那儿允许停车的话，大部分的停车位都应该被占用了。然后，他看到了一个小的停车场内有两个空闲的停车位。看到它们，他非常高兴，甚至没有想到去读入口处的标志。他把车开了进去，停好车，然后就匆忙回家睡觉去了。第二天早上，他到那个停车场去取车。车却不见了。［30］他跑回家给市警察局打电话说他的车被盗了。警察只用了一分钟的时间就告诉他发生了什么情况。他的车停到了私家停车场，已经被警察拖走了。［31］路易斯不得不搭乘出租车去了离市中心很远的城市车库。他不得不付了40美元的费用才取回他的车。另外，他还收到了一张违规停车罚单——他在格林威尔市的第一张罚单。

整体预测

快速浏览此部分的各个选项可以发现，第29和31题的选项均为地点状语，且多次提到parking lot、garage等与车有关的地点，第30题为被动态的过去完成时，且其中的过去分词多带有“消失，不见”等含义，如：taken、moved、stolen。由此可以大致推测出，文章讲述了发生在过去的一个故事，很可能和车辆等的失踪有关，应特别留意表示地点的线索词。

29. A) Near the entrance of a park.

B) In his building's parking lot.

C) At a parking meter.

D) At a street corner.

Q: Where did Louis intend to park his car when he came back from work one night?

A）在靠近公园入口的地方。

B）在他所住的大楼的停车场内。

C）在一个停车收费器处。

D）在街道拐弯处。

问：某一天晚上下班回来后，路易斯想把他的车停放在哪里？

►解题思路：

①四项均为地点状语。

②三项含有与车相关的地点（parking lot，parking meter，street）。

结论：本题涉及地点，并可能与汽车有关。听音时应留意与这两点有关的信息。

►解析：本题问一天晚上路易斯工作结束回家时想把车停在什么地方。intend to表示主观意愿。文章开头处提到，下了班十分疲惫的路易斯开着车拐进小区的停车场，但发现所有的车位都满了，可见他最初是想把车停进小区停车场的，应选B，其中的his building's parking lot为文中的原词复现。A项the entrance of a park是利用park的一词多义设置的干扰项；C项中的parking meter指的是“（电子）停车收费器”；D项at a street corner文中没有提到。

30. A) It had been taken by the police.

B) It had been moved to the next block.

C) It had been stolen by someone.

D) It had been parked at a wrong place.

Q: What did Louis think had happened to his car the next morning?

A）它被警察拖走了。

B）它被移到了相邻街区。

C）它被人偷走了。

D）它停错了地方。

问：第二天早上，路易斯认为他的车发生了什么状况？

►解题思路：

①四项都由“it had been＋过去分词”的形式构成。

②三项的过去分词都带有“消失，不见”等含义（taken，moved，stolen）。

结论：结合上题可推测，本题考查的内容可能与汽车的失踪有关。

►解析：题干问的是路易斯“以为”它的车怎么样了。根据文章内容，路易斯停好车后就回家睡觉了，第二天早晨，他去停车场找自己的车，但发现车已经不见了，他赶紧跑回家，向警察报案说他的车被偷了。可见，路易斯以为自己的车丢了，had been stolen在选项C中原词复现，故C为正确答案。虽然后文中说到，路易斯的车其实是因为停在了他人的私家车位，所以被警察拖走了，但这并不是路易斯所猜测的汽车失踪的原因。

31. A) At the Greenville center.

B) At a public parking lot.

C) In a neighboring town.

D) In the city garage.

Q: Where did Louis finally get his car back?

A）在格林威尔市中心。

B）在一个公共停车场。

C）在一个临近的城镇。

D）在城市车库。

问：路易斯最终在哪里取回了他的车？

►解题思路：

①四项均为地点状语。

②两项含有与汽车有关的词（parking，garage）。

结论：本题涉及地点，并可能与汽车有关。根据行文逻辑可以推断，本题可能考查失踪的车辆在何处被找到。

►解析：文章最后提到，路易斯不得不坐出租车来到远离市中心的城市车库（city garage）取回他的车，并交了40美元的费用，故选D。

Passage Three

听力原文&译文

［32］Well, to pick up where we left off last time, I believe we agreed the creativity is a mysterious idea. It's one of those things we all recognize when we see it. But we don't really understand what it is. We seem to feel that some people are naturally creative, but we don't know how they got that way. Is creativity a natural gift like good looks? Or is it something that can be acquired like knowledge? Perhaps if we analyze the creative process carefully, we might get some insight into what it is and how it might work in our lives.［33］The creative process has always been accepted as the source of all important work in the arts. But we should not think the creativity plays a role only in the arts.［34］Every major scientific discovery began with someone imagining the world to look differently from the way others saw it. And this is what creativity is all about: imagining the world in a new way. And despite what you may believe about the limits of your own creative imaginations, we all have the potential to imagine the world in an absolutely new way.

In fact, you were born with it. It is your birth right as a human being.［35］And what's more, you use it every day almost every moment of your life. Your creative imagination is what you use to make sense of your experiences. It's your creative mind that gets meaning from the chaos of your experiences and brings order to your world.

［32］那么，我们接着上次没讲完的话题说吧，我相信大家都赞同创造力是一个难以理解的概念。它是一种我们一看到后都能辨认出的事物，但我们又无法真正理解它到底是什么。我们似乎觉得有些人天生就具有创造力，但我们又不知道他们是如何具备这种能力的。创造力也像美貌一样是天生的资质吗？或者说创造力能够后天习得，就像知识一样？如果我们仔细分析一下创造的过程，或许我们就能真正了解什么是创造力以及它在我们的生活中是如何发挥作用的。［33］创造的过程总是被视为一切重要艺术活动的源泉。但我们不应该认为创造力只在艺术领域起作用。［34］每个重大的科学发现都始于人们用与众不同的方式去想象和看待世界。这就是有关创造力的一切：从新的角度想象世界。而且，尽管你可能认为你自己的创造思维有限，但我们都具备以全新的方式去想象这个世界的潜质。

事实上，你生来就具有创造力。那是你作为人类生来就拥有的权利。［35］而且，每一天当中，你几乎每时每刻都在使用这种创造力。你的创造性的想象是你用来理解自身经历的东西。是你的创造性思维使你从自身杂乱无章的经历之中获得意义，使你的世界变得井然有序。

整体预测

快速浏览各题选项可以发现，第32题和第34题均为名词性短语，第33题和第35题均以it开头，对事物的属性进行描述。creativity、imagination、reasoning、thinking等表示思维活动或能力的词频繁出现，表示“人”的词语也被多次提到，如：individuals、people、we、human。由此可以大致推断，短文可能围绕人类在思想方面的某种或几种能力展开论述。

32. A) Famous creative individuals.

B) The mysteriousness of creativity.

C) A major scientific discovery.

D) Creativity as shown in arts.

Q: What did the speaker most probably discuss last time?

A）有创造力的知名人士。

B）创造力的难以理解性。

C）一个重大的科学发现。

D）体现于艺术之中的创造力。

问：说话者上次讨论的话题最有可能是什么？

►解题思路：

①四项均为名词性短语。

②三项含有与创造力有关的词（creative，creativity）。

③仔细观察，四项均带有一定的话题性质（famous...individuals，mysteriousness of，scientific discovery，creativity...in arts）。

结论：本题为本篇短文的第一道题目，涉及话题，要特别留意文章的第一句话。

►解析：本题是问说话者上次最可能讲到了什么内容，解题线索在文章第一句话：Well, to pick up where we left off last time, I believe we agreed the creativity is a mysterious idea。由这句话可知，在上一次讲述中，讲话者谈到了创造力的难以理解性，选项B是对原文的同义转述，为正确答案。

33. A) It is something people all engage in.

B) It helps people acquire knowledge.

C) It starts soon after we were born.

D) It is the source of all artistic work.

Q: What is a widely accepted idea about the creative process?

A）它是所有人都从事的事情。

B）它可以帮助人们获取知识。

C）我们刚出生后不久就具备它了。

D）它是所有艺术活动的源泉。

问：关于创造性的过程，获得广泛认可的一种看法是什么？

►解题思路：

①四项均以it开头。

②三项含有与人有关的词语（people，we）。

③两项含有all。

结论：本题可能考查与人有关的某类事物的属性。听音时应首先弄清楚it的指代对象，并将重点放在具有普遍性的规律或认识上。

►解析：题目问到，关于创造过程，哪一种观点是人们普遍认同的。文中的has always been accepted与题目中的is a widely accepted idea意思相同，其后即为解题线索。该句提到，人们普遍认为创造过程是一切重要艺术作品的源泉。选项D中的the source of all artistic work是原文中的a source of all important work in the arts的同义转述，故为正确答案。

34.  A) Creative imagination.

B) Logical reasoning.

C) Natural curiosity.

D) Critical thinking.

Q: What leads to major scientific discoveries according to the speaker?

A）富有创造力的想象。

B）逻辑推理。

C）与生俱来的好奇心。

D）批判性思维。

问：根据说话人的观点，是什么成就了重大的科学发现？

►解题思路：

①四项均为形容词＋名词的结构。

②四项均涉及人的思维活动或能力（imagination，reasoning，curiosity，thinking）。

结论：本题很可能以what开头进行提问，考查人类某种思维活动或能力的重要性等。

►解析：本题问根据讲话者的观点，是什么导致了重大的科学发现（major scientific discovery）。文中讲到，科学发现的总始于某个人用与众不同的方式去想象和看待世界，这便是创造力之所在。imagination和creativity是该观点中的两个关键词，故本题应选A。

35. A) It is beyond ordinary people.

B) It is yet to be fully understood.

C) It is part of everyday life.

D) It is a unique human trait.

Q: What does the speaker imply about the creative process?

A）它是常人所难以企及的。

B）人们尚未完全理解它。

C）它是日常生活的一部分。

D）它是人类独有的一种特征。

问：关于创造的过程，说话者暗示了什么？

►解题思路：

①四项均以it开头。

②两项含有与人相关的词（people，human）。

③两项涉及普遍性（ordinary，everyday），一项涉及独特性（unique）。

结论：本题很可能考查与人相关的某事物的属性，涉及它的普遍性或者独特性。听音时应首先弄清it的指代对象。

►解析：本题问关于创造过程，讲话者暗示了什么。文章结尾处提到，事实上，创造过程是你与生俱来的，是你作为人类天生的权利，而且，你几乎每天、每时每刻都会用到它。可见，创造过程伴随着我们的日常生活，故C项正确。A项与文意相反；B项和D项文中均未提及，可排除。

Section C

听力原文&译文

Students have been complaining more and more about stolen property. Radios, cell phones, bicycles, pocket［36］calculators, and books have all been reported stolen. Are there enough campus police to do the job?

There are 20 officers in the Campus Security Division. Their job is to［37］handle crime, accidents, lost and found［38］items, and traffic problems on campus. More than half of their time is spent directing traffic and writing parking tickets.［39］Responding promptly to accidents and other［40］emergencies is important, but it is their smallest job.

Dealing with crime takes up the rest of their time. Very［41］rarely do any violent crimes actually［42］occur. In the last five years there have been no［43］murders, seven robberies and about 60 other violent attacks, most of these involving fights at parties. On the other hand,［44］there have been hundreds of thefts and cases of deliberate damaging of public property, which usually involves breaking windows or lights, or writing on walls. The thefts are not the carefully planned burglaries (入室盗窃) that you see in movies.［45］Things get stolen when it is easy to steal them because they are left lying around unwatched.

Do we really need more police? Hiring more campus police would cost money, possibly making our tuition go up again.［46］A better way to solve this problem might be for all of us to be more careful with our things.

学生对财物失窃问题的抱怨越来越多。收音机、手机、自行车、袖珍［36］计算器和书本，均有人报告遭窃。有足够多的校园警察应对这个问题吗？

校园安全部门有20位警官。他们的工作职责是［37］处理犯罪案件、应对意外事故、管理失物招领［38］物品，以及解决校园内的交通问题。他们有一半以上的时间都是在指挥交通、写违规停车罚单。对意外事故和其他［40］紧急情况做出快速［39］反应很重要，但那只是他们工作的最小的一部分。

处理犯罪案件占据了他们剩下的工作时间。事实上，暴力犯罪［41］很少［42］发生。在过去的五年里，学校里没有发生［43］谋杀案，只有七起抢劫案，还有大约60起其他暴力袭击事件，这些案件大多与聚会上的打架斗殴有关。另一方面，［44］有数百起盗窃案件和蓄意损坏公共财物的案件，蓄意损坏公共财物的案件通常包括打破窗户或电灯，或者在墙上涂鸦。那些盗窃案件并不像你在电影里看到的那种精心谋划的入室盗窃。［45］当东西容易被偷的时候，就会被人偷走，因为它们被到处乱放，无人看管。

我们真的需要更多的警察吗？雇用更多的校园警察需要花费很多钱，可能会使我们的学费再次上涨。［46］对于我们所有人来说，解决这个问题的更好办法或许就是认真地保管好自己的东西。

Part IV　Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)

Section A

六分之一。不管你信不信，这就是正在与饥饿抗争的美国人的数量。为了缓解这一危机，“供养美国”，这一美国［47］国内最大的饥荒救济组织，已经把九月定为“反饥饿行动月”。作为他们的“30天30种救济方式”项目的一部分，该组织正在呼吁全国的［48］社区来帮助它们网络内的200多家“救济食品发放中心”以及63,000个机构，向低收入的个人以及家庭提供［49］生存所需要的食物。

这就是位于圣安东尼奥的圣安德鲁圣公会教堂每天在做的事情。在每月的第1个和第3个星期四，人们［50］聚集在教堂门前，他们并不是来祷告的——而是来领取食物的。圣安德鲁教堂管理着一个食品室，它给这个城市以及它［52］周围的几个城镇［51］提供食物。珍妮特·德雷恩是负责人。

随着经济［53］衰退而来的是越来越多的家庭需要食物援助。据［54］报道，4900万美国人陷入了吃了上顿没下顿的温饱危机。最让人惊讶的是，其中36％的人生活在至少有一个成年人拥有工作的［55］家庭里。“过去往往是只要有一份工作就行了，”圣安德鲁大教堂的德雷恩说，“而现在我们看到的是人们同时做三四份兼职工作，但还是挣扎在［56］财政危机的边缘。”

47. K

语法判断：空格前为形容词最高级largest，空格后为名词短语hunger-relief organization，可知此处应填入一个形容词。

语意判断：符合语法条件的选项有surrounding和domestic两项。surrounding意为“附近的，四周的”，domestic意为“国内的”。根据上下文，此处是进一步解释“供养美国”这个组织。因此，surrounding不符合题意。largest domestic hunger-relief organization意为“国内最大的饥荒救济组织”，符合题意。故选K。

48. M

语法判断：空格前为主语和谓语it's asking，空格后为状语across the country，可知此处应填入一个名词，作asking的宾语。

语意判断：选项中的名词有recession、households、competition和communities四项。recession意为“（经济）衰退期”，households意为“家庭”，competition意为“竞争，比赛”，communities意为“社区；公众”。根据句意可知，此处要表达的是该组织正在呼吁全国的______参与到救济低收入人群的事业中。因此，此处应填入某个机构或人群，可先排除recession和competition。在剩下的两项中，communities across the country意为“全国的社区”，与下文的“……向低收入的个人以及家庭提供……食物”搭配，语义通顺，而households across the country意为“全国的家庭”，与“向个人与家庭提供食物”搭配，语义不通。故选M。

49. A

语法判断：空格前是need to，可知此处应填入一个动词原形。

语意判断：符合语法条件的动词有survive、gather和accumulate三项。survive意为“活下来，幸存”，gather意为“聚集，集合”，accumulate意为“积累，积聚”。根据上下文可知，该组织呼吁全社会向低收入人群和家庭提供食物。the fuel they need to accumulate/gather表示“人们需要积累/聚集的食物”，语义不通；the fuel they need to survive表达的是“人们生存所需要的食物”，符合句意。故选A。

50. H

语法判断：空格前是定语从句中的主语who，空格后是地点状语at its front door，可知此处应填入一个谓语动词。由于主语是复数，且主句为一般现在时，可判断此处应填动词原形。

语意判断：符合语法条件的动词还有gather和accumulate两项。gather意为“聚集，集合”，accumulate意为“积累，积聚”。gather一般指人的集合；而accumulate则指钱财、物品或知识的积聚。根据句意可知，此处表达的是“聚集在教堂门前的人们”。故选H。

51. C

语法判断：空格前是关系代词that，空格后是定语从句中的宾语the city，可知空格处应填入动词，且根据主句的时态和a food pantry可知，此处的谓语动词为第三人称单数。

语意判断：符合语法条件的选项只有serves。serves the city在此处表示“为这个城市提供食物”，符合题意，故选C。

52. B

语法判断：空格前是定冠词the，空格后是名词towns，可知此处应填入一个形容词。

语意判断：符合语法条件的形容词只剩surrounding。将它代入空格处，得到的短语是the city and several of the surrounding towns（这个城市以及它周围的几个城镇），符合题意。故选B。

53. F

语法判断：空格前是定冠词the，可知此处应填入一个名词。

语意判断：符合语法条件的名词还有recession、households和competition三项。空格前的in the wake of意为“随着……的到来，尾随而至”，因此可知，此处应填一个表示事件的词。households（家庭）明显不符合题意，故排除。recession意为“（经济的）衰退”，competition意为“竞争；比赛”。由于本文讲的是美国的食品援助行动，且根据下文中的“越来越多的家庭需要粮食援助”可知，空格所在句表明了人们需要粮食援助的原因，即“美国经济的衰退”。故选F。

54. E

语法判断：空格前为it is，空格后为that引导的从句，可知此处应填入动词的过去分词形式，构成“It is＋动词的过去分词＋that从句”句型。

语意判断：符合语法条件的过去分词有reviewed和reported。It is reviewed that意为“据评论”。It is reported that意为“据报道”。此句意为“4900万美国人陷入了吃了上顿没下顿的温饱危机”。根据上下文可知，此处作者想通过数据来说明美国的粮食危机，用人们的“评论”显然不具有可信度。因此，此处用“据报道”更符合题意。故选E。

55. G

语法判断：空格前为动词短语live in，空格后为where引导的定语从句，可知此处应填入地点名词。

语意判断：符合条件的名词只有households（家庭）一项。live in households where at least one adult is working表示“生活在至少有一个成年人拥有工作的家庭里”，符合题意。故选G。

56. J

语法判断：空格前为they're still right on the edge，句子结构完整，可知此处应填入副词。

语意判断：符合语法条件的选项有formally和financially两项。formally意为“正式地”，financially意为“财政上”。空格前的be right on the edge...意为“处于……的边缘；接近……的极限”，故此处填入financially更合适，表示“接近财政的极限”，即挣扎在财政危机的边缘。故选J。

Section B

Passage One

在经济危机时期，美国人会向自己的家人寻求帮助。［57］如果大萧条有任何指导作用的话，那么就是我们或许会看到极高的离婚率有所下降，但是这未必就代表了幸福婚姻的数量有所增长。从长远来看，大萧条削弱了美国的家庭，而目前的经济危机很可能也会如此。

我们往往认为大萧条是这样一个时期：家人同心协力，共渡大规模失业的难关。到1932年，当将近四分之一的劳动力都处于失业状态时，与1929年相比，离婚率下降了约25％。但这并不意味着人们突然就对自己的婚姻感到满意了。［58］恰恰相反，由于收入减少、工作不稳定，不幸福的夫妻通常负担不起离婚。他们担心任意一方都无法独自应对这一切。

如今，考虑到去年的失业状况，很少有不幸福的夫妻会去承担分居的风险。［59］而且，房地产市场的崩溃将使夫妻靠卖房来为分居筹资变得更加困难。

在经历了经济灾难之后，家庭成员还往往愿意做任何可以帮助彼此或有助于社区的事情。1940年出版的《一位失业者和他的家人》一书描写了一个家庭，丈夫在失业之后最初的反应就是“不知疲倦地找工作”。他总是非常积极，四处找零活做。

问题是这种动力难以为继。在全国各地，许多类似的家庭都无法维持最初高涨的士气。对于一些家庭来说，没有稳定工作所导致的生活的艰辛最终压倒了他们维系家庭的努力。［61］当经济开始恢复的时候，在那个年代剩下的几年中，离婚率再次上升。

数以百万计的美国家庭目前正处于他们应对当前危机的初始阶段，在失业的最初几个月中合力打拼，相互扶持。

［60］今天的经济危机恰能催生同样多关系破裂且无法修复的夫妇。［61］因此，只有当经济恢复健康之时，我们才会看到有多少破裂家庭产生。

【议论文：经济危机将导致家庭破裂】

第1段：提出经济萧条使离婚率降低只是表面现象，实际上经济危机将导致更多家庭破裂。

第2～3段：经济萧条初期，离婚率会因夫妻负担不起离婚而下降。

第4～5段：经济萧条导致的生活艰辛终将压倒人们维系家庭的努力，当经济恢复时，离婚率再次上升。

第6～7段：现在美国的家庭处于经济危机的初始阶段，等到经济恢复时，我们才会看到有多少家庭因为经济危机而导致破裂。

57. In the initial stage, the current economic crisis is likely to ______.

A) tear many troubled families apart

B) contribute to enduring family ties

C) bring about a drop in the divorce rate

D) cause a lot of conflicts in the family

在初始阶段，当前的经济危机有可能会______。

A）使许多陷入困境的家庭破裂

B）有助于家庭关系持久

C）导致离婚率的下降

D）引发许多家庭冲突

►定位：根据题干关键词in the initial stage和the current economic crisis可能误将答案定位到文章倒数第二段，但是根据出题顺序与文章顺序基本一致的原则可知，第一题的答案不会在如此靠后的段落里。本题答案在第一段中。

►解析：本文第一段提到了大萧条的影响，第一段第二句说“如果大萧条有任何指导作用的话，那么就是我们或许会看到极高的离婚率有所下降”，然后接着说“从长远来看，大萧条削弱了美国的家庭”，由此可以推断离婚率下降只是大萧条的最初表现。在第一段最后提到现如今的经济危机与大萧条给人们带来的影响是一样的，所以，当题干问“在初始阶段，当前的经济危机有可能会______”，可以推断答案应该是“使离婚率有所下降”，故选C。选项A是经济危机的长远影响，不是在初始阶段可能产生的情况，故排除。选项B和D文章中没有提到，也可排除。

58. In the Great Depression many unhappy couples chose to stick together because ______.

A) starting a new family would be hard

B) they expected things would turn better

C) they wanted to better protect their kids

D) living separately would be too costly

在经济大萧条时期，很多并不幸福的夫妻选择在一起是因为______。

A）再组建一个新的家庭比较困难

B）他们期望情况能有所好转

C）他们想更好地保护他们的孩子

D）分居花费太高

►定位：根据题干关键词unhappy couples和stick together可以将答案定位到文章第二段。

►解析：由第二段最后两句“由于收入减少、工作不稳定，不幸福的夫妻通常负担不起离婚。他们担心任意一方都无法独自应对这一切”可知，在大萧条时期，不幸福的夫妻不离婚的原因是他们负担不起，这与选项D意思一致，故选D。A、B、C三项原文均未提及，故排除。

59. In addition to job losses, what stands in the way of unhappy couples getting a divorce?

A) Mounting family debts.

B) A sense of insecurity.

C) Difficulty in getting a loan.

D) Falling housing prices.

除了失业，阻碍不幸福的夫妻离婚的因素还有哪些？

A）不断攀升的家庭债务。

B）不安全感。

C）贷款的困难。

D）下跌的房价。

►定位：根据题干关键词in addition to job losses和unhappy couples getting a divorce可以将答案定位到文章第三段。

►解析：本题问除了失业，还有什么因素阻碍不幸福的夫妻离婚。因为第二段整段都是在讲因为失业的原因，不幸福的夫妻负担不起离婚，所以除此之外的原因很可能在下一段。文章第三段第一句起到承上启下的作用，而第二句给出了另一个因素——“而且，房地产市场的崩溃将使夫妻靠卖房来为分居筹资变得更加困难。”由此可知，第二个因素是房地产市场崩溃，即房价大幅下跌，故选项D正确。A、B、C三项原文均未提及，故排除。

60. What will the current economic crisis eventually do to some married couples?

A) It will force them to pull their efforts together.

B) It will undermine their mutual understanding.

C) It will help strengthen their emotional bonds.

D) It will irreparably damage their relationship.

当前的经济危机最终会对一些夫妻产生何种影响？

A）它会促使他们同心协力。

B）它会破坏他们之间的相互理解。

C）它会有助于加固他们之间的情感纽带。

D）它会给他们的关系造成无法挽回的破坏。

►定位：根据题干关键词current economic crisis、eventually、married couples可以将答案定位到文章末段。

►解析：末段首句作者指出“今天的经济危机恰能催生同样多关系破裂且无法修复的夫妇”，D项“它（如今的经济危机）会给他们的关系造成无法挽回的破坏”与此含义相符，故为答案。A、B、C三项原文均未提及，故排除。

61. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?

A) The economic recovery will see a higher divorce rate.

B) Few couples can stand the test of economic hardships.

C) A stable family is the best protection against poverty.

D) Money is the foundation of many a happy marriage.

从最后一段中我们可以推断出什么？

A）经济复苏将见证更高的离婚率。

B）很少有夫妻能经得起经济困难的考验。

C）稳固的家庭是应对贫穷最好的保障。

D）金钱是许多幸福婚姻的基础。

►定位：根据题干关键词last paragraph可以将答案定位到文章末段。

►解析：末段作者指出，如今的经济危机和过去的经济大萧条一样都将催生同样多关系破裂且无法修复的夫妇，经济恢复正常之后，人们才会看到有多少家庭破裂，再联系第五段提到的经济大萧条时期的最后几年中离婚率再次上升的事实可以推断出，如今经济恢复时离婚率将回升，A项符合此意，故为答案。B、C、D三项均无法从最后一段当中得知，故排除。

Passage Two

人们被“有趣、无偿服务”的承诺引诱到了脸书网上，而没有意识到他们正通过交出诸多个人信息向脸书付费。［62］随后，脸书竭力通过把用户的信息卖给想要发送定投信息的广告商来赚钱。

大多数脸书用户没有意识到这种情况正在发生。［63］即使知道脸书公司在做些什么，他们仍然不清楚自己为脸书付出了什么，因为人们并不真正了解个人信息有什么样的价值。

但是，最大的问题是脸书公司一直在改变规则。早些时候，你可以让所有信息都不公开。这是脸书的绝妙之处——你可以创造一个你自己的私人小圈子。去年，脸书公司改变了规则，以至于许多信息——你所在的城市、你的照片、你朋友的名字，都被系统默认设置为向网络上的每个人公开。

［64］根据脸书副总裁埃利奥特·施拉格的说法，脸书公司做出改变仅仅是为了改善其服务，如果人们不分享信息的话，他们的“体验不会那么令人满意”。

一些批评家认为这更多的是由于脸书希望赚更多的钱。脸书最初的商业模式——包括出售广告并将其放在网页的旁边——完全失败了。当人们上网与朋友联系时，谁想看广告呢？

在华盛顿，隐私问题已经使脸书麻烦缠身。［65］四月，参议员查尔斯·舒默要求脸书改变其隐私政策。他还敦促联邦商务委员会为社交网站制订准则。施拉格承认道：“我认为参议员表达的观点是有根据的，我们一直以来并不清楚这些新产品是什么以及人们会如何选择使用或者不使用它们。”

［66］我怀疑不管脸书到目前为止已经做了什么侵犯我们隐私的事情，这只是个开始。因此，我正在考虑注销我的账户。脸书是一个十分方便的网站，但是一想到我的信息被我不信任的人所掌握，我就很沮丧。这种代价实在是太高了。

【论说文：脸书正在靠出售用户信息赚钱】

第1～2段：大多数人都没有意识到，脸书通过把用户信息卖给广告商赚钱。

第3～5段：脸书为了赚更多的钱，改变了隐私规则，使用户的部分信息被默认设定为向所有人公开。

第6段：参议员查尔斯·舒默要求脸书改变其隐私政策，并敦促有关机构制定针对社交网站的准则。

第7段：作者指出，脸书目前所做的侵犯隐私的事情只是个开始。作者考虑要注销脸书账户，因为他认为要为此付出的代价实在是太高了。

62. What do we learn about Facebook from the first paragraph?

A) It is a website that sends messages to targeted users.

B) It makes money by putting on advertisements.

C) It profits by selling its users' personal data.

D) It provides loads of information to its users.

从第一段我们可以知道有关脸书网的什么信息？

A）它是一个向目标用户发送信息的网站。

B）它靠刊登广告赚钱。

C）它靠出售其用户的个人信息来盈利。

D）它向其用户提供大量的信息。

►定位：根据题干关键词the first paragraph可以将答案定位到文章第一段。

►解析：第一段提到“人们……没有意识到他们正通过交出诸多个人信息向脸书付费。随后，脸书竭力通过把用户的信息卖给想要发送定投信息的广告商来赚钱。”由此可知，选项C与原文相符，故选C。选项A不正确，原文是说广告商想要向目标用户发送信息，不是脸书网，故排除。选项B可以从第五段中找到，但题干问的是从第一段中可以得知什么，故也排除。选项D与原文正好相反，原文they're paying for it by giving up loads of personal information是指用户向脸书网提供了许多信息，故也可排除。

63. What does the author say about most Facebook users?

A) They are reluctant to give up their personal information.

B) They don't know their personal data enriches Facebook.

C) They don't identify themselves when using the website.

D) They care very little about their personal information.

关于脸书网的大多数用户，作者说了什么？

A）他们不愿放弃自己的个人信息。

B）他们不知道自己的个人信息为脸书网增加了财富。

C）在使用该网站时，他们不去验证自己的身份。

D）他们对自己的个人信息不太关心。

►定位：根据题干关键词most Facebook users可以将答案定位到文章第二段。

►解析：第二段提到“大多数脸书用户没有意识到这种情况正在发生。”这句话中的this指的就是上一段中提到的脸书通过出售用户的个人信息来赚钱。由此可知，选项B与原文相符，故选B。选项A和C文中均未提及，故排除。选项D推理过度，人们交出了许多个人信息是因为人们不知道脸书网将会用自己的信息做什么，不能推断出人们不重视自己的个人信息。

64. Why does Facebook make changes to its rules according to Elliot Schrage?

A) To render better service to its users.

B) To conform to the Federal guidelines.

C) To improve its users' connectivity.

D) To expand its scope of business.

根据埃利奥特·施拉格的说法，脸书网为什么要修改它的规定？

A）为了给它的用户提供更好的服务。

B）为了遵守联邦政府的准则。

C）为了提高其用户的联结性。

D）为了扩大它的业务范围。

►定位：根据题干关键词Elliot Schrage可以将答案定位到文章第四段。

►解析：第四段提到“根据脸书副总裁埃利奥特·施拉格的说法，脸书公司做出改变仅仅是为了改善其服务，如果人们不分享信息的话，他们的‘体验不会那么令人满意’。”由此可知，选项A“为了给它的用户提供更好的服务”与原文的意思相符，故选A。B、C、D三项文中均未提及，故排除。选项A中的render一词意为“给予（帮助），提供（服务）”，即使不知道这个词的意思，从后面的better service也应该可以猜出本选项的意思。

65. What does Senator Charles Schumer advocate?

A) Setting guidelines for advertising on websites.

B) Banning the sharing of users' personal information.

C) Formulating regulations for social-networking sites.

D) Removing ads from all social-networking sites.

参议员查尔斯·舒默倡导什么？

A）为网站上的广告制订准则。

B）禁止分享用户的个人信息。

C）为社交网站制订规范性的条例。

D）清除所有社交网站上的广告。

►定位：根据题干关键词Senator Charles Schumer可以将答案定位到文章第六段。

►解析：第六段第二句和第三句提到“四月，参议员查尔斯·舒默要求脸书改变其隐私政策。他还敦促联邦商务委员会为社交网站制订准则。”由此可知，参议员查尔斯·舒默对脸书的隐私政策持否定态度，认为相关机构应该针对社交网站制订准则，选项C与原文相符，故为答案。选项B和D文中均未提及，故排除。选项A有一定的迷惑性，原文说对社交网站制订准则，而不是说对网上的广告制订准则，故排除。

66. Why does the author plan to cancel his Facebook account?

A) He is dissatisfied with its current service.

B) He finds many of its users untrustworthy.

C) He doesn't want his personal data abused.

D) He is upset by its frequent rule changes.

为什么作者打算注销他的脸书网账户呢？

A）他对其现有的服务不满意。

B）他觉得脸书网上很多用户不可信赖。

C）他不想让他的个人数据被人滥用。

D）他为他们频繁地更改规定而感到苦恼。

►定位：根据题干关键词cancel his Facebook account可以将答案定位到文章最后一段第二句话，虽然cancel一词文中没有出现，但是文中标有中文释义“撤销”的deactivating与cancel是同义替换。而且，这句话以which is why开头，这就证明最后一段第一句话就是本题的答案。

►解析：最后一段提到“我怀疑不管脸书到目前为止已经做了什么侵犯我们隐私的事情，这只是个开始。因此，我正在考虑注销我的账户。”由此可知，作者是因为自己的隐私被侵犯所以决定注销账户的，选项C符合此意，故为答案。选项中的abuse与原文中的invade是同义替换。A、B、D三项文中均未提及，故排除。

Part V　Cloze

由于冲突和分歧是所有亲密关系的一部分，夫妻需要学习用一种健康且具有建设性的方式来解决冲突的策略。有些夫妻只是逃避和否认在两人的关系中存在任何冲突。然而，否认冲突的存在导致夫妻未能在早期阶段解决他们的问题，这在日后甚至可能会造成更大的问题。表达愤怒和分歧最初会导致婚姻满意度下降，这不足为奇。但这种行为模式预示着婚姻满意度久而久之会上升。研究表明，解决冲突是婚姻满意度的重要预测指标。

那么，你如何解决个人关系中的冲突？首先，尝试了解他人的观点并设身处地替他人考虑问题。那些对他们的伴侣的想法和感受敏感的人能体验到更大的关系满意度。例如，研究人员发现，不但在婚姻关系中，而且在恋爱关系中，那些能够接受伴侣观点的人能显示出更多的积极情绪，更具有改善关系的特质，面对冲突也更能做出建设性的回应。

其次，由于冲突和分歧是亲密关系中不可避免的一部分，人们需要能够为他们的错误行径向其伴侣道歉并得到伴侣的宽恕。道歉能使冲突降至最低程度、赢得谅解，并恢复亲密的关系。和这个观点一致的是，拥有更多宽容品质的配偶从长远来看会使婚姻的质量更高。有趣的是，道歉甚至对健康有积极的益处。譬如，与回想起充满同情心的换位思考和宽恕别人的情形形成对照的是，当人们回忆起伤心的过往和怨恨时，他们表现出包括心率加快和血压升高等症状在内的消极生理反应。

第1段：阐述积极、妥善处理亲密关系（特别是婚姻关系）中的冲突与不和有利于提高婚姻满意度——冲突与不和是婚姻关系中必不可少的部分；承认与处理婚姻中的冲突与分歧从长远来看有利于婚姻美满。

第2～3段：阐述如何处理亲密关系中的冲突和分歧——一方面要学着从别人的角度来看问题，站在对方的立场上思考；另一方面应学会为自己的错误行为道歉，获得他人谅解。

67. D

语境分析：本空位于首段第二句。本段第一句指出冲突和分歧是所有亲密关系中的一部分，夫妻需学会积极、妥善处理冲突的策略。而由第二句中的deny the presence of any conflict可知，本句要表达的是“一些夫妻只是______和否认冲突的存在”。空格位于and之前，该空填入的词应与deny（否定）并列，结合选项与题意，此处应选D，avoid表示“避免，逃避”。

词义分析：resolve“解决；决定”；regret“后悔，遗憾”；abandon“丢弃，放弃”；avoid“避免，逃避”。

68. D

语境分析：本空位于首段第三句。由results in和lead to even greater problems可知，本空承接上句，说明否认冲突的存在会导致何种结果，而上一句陈述的是否认冲突的存在这一事实。由此可知，本句与上一句是转折关系，故此处应选D，however表示转折关系。

词义分析：besides“此外”；therefore“因此，所以”；moreover“而且，此外”；however“但是，然而”。

69. C

语境分析：本空仍位于首段第三句。由该句中的early与later的时间陈述以及后面的比较级even greater problems可知，这里是说否认冲突的存在会延误问题的解决，以至于最后将问题拖得更严重。结合选项，此处应填入C，failing to solve their problems表示“无法成功解决他们的问题”。

词义分析：try to do sth.“竭力做某事”；decline to do sth.“拒绝做某事”；fail to do sth.“做某事不成功”；strive to do sth.“努力做某事”。

70. C

语境分析：本空仍位于首段第三句。由上题的解释可知，此处的at early ______要表达的是与下文中later相对的时间概念，即无法在早期阶段解决问题，结合选项，此处应选C，stage表示“阶段”。

词义分析：ages“年龄”；years“年；年龄”；stages“阶段”；intervals“间隔；幕间（或工间）休息”。

71. A

语境分析：本空仍位于首段第三句。根据选项和前两题的分析可知，此处考查的应是与later相关的固定搭配，正确答案是A，later on表示“稍后，以后”，later与其他三项无法搭配。

词义分析：later on“后来，过些时候”；by“由，经”；off“离开”；away“在远处”。

72. D

语境分析：本空位于首段第五句。由本句的however可知，本句与上一句构成转折关系；由上一句的at the beginning和本句中的over time也可获知两个句子在进行对比。上一句说，表达愤怒与意见分歧最初会导致婚姻满意度降低，故可推知本句是说，但这种表达愤怒和意见分歧的行为预示着随着时间的推移（夫妇）对婚姻的满意度会增加。结合选项，此处只有D符合题意，predict表示“预示”。下一句中an important predictor of marital satisfaction也能印证此处应为predict。

词义分析：prescribes“指示，规定”；protests“抗议，反对”；proves“证明”；predicts“预示”。

73. D

语境分析：本空位于首段第六句。此处考查的是词组辨析。本句承接上句，指出有研究表明解决冲突是婚姻满意度的重要预示之一。由此可知，working ______要表达的是“解决”，因此此处选D，work through表示“解决（某事）；做完（某事）”，其他三项不能与work构成固定搭配。

词义分析：round“围绕；附近”；amid“在……中”；among“在……中间”；work through“解决（某事），做完（某事）”。

74. D

语境分析：本空位于第二段第二句。从选项可以看出，本句考查逻辑关系，考生应观察空格前后内容的关系。空格前表示“努力理解别人的观点”，空格后表示“让自己站在对方的角度思考”，可知两者是并列关系，讲的都是站在对方的角度思考问题，故本题应选D，and表示“和”。

词义分析：so“因此，所以”；while“而”（表示对比）；but“但是”；and“和”。

75. A

语境分析：本空位于第二段第三句。空格所在句为who引导的定语从句，由上下文可知，此处要讲述的是能考虑自己伴侣感受的人（即对伴侣所想和所感比较敏感的人）能获得更加美满的伴侣关系。结合选项来看，本题应选A，sensitive表示“敏感的”，而be sensitive to表示“对……敏感的”；be superior to意为“胜过……的”。

词义分析：sensitive“敏感的”；superior“出众的；高傲的”；exclusive“排他的；单独的，唯一的”；efficient“有效率的，高效的”。

76. B

语境分析：本空仍位于文章第二段第三句。由上题的分析可知，______ greater relationship satisfaction要表达的意思与“获得更美满的伴侣关系”的意思相近，结合选项，此处应选B，experience表示“体验，经历”，其他三项均不合题意。

词义分析：expose“使暴露，揭露”；experience“体验，经历”；explore“探寻，探究”；exploit“利用，开发”。

77. C

语境分析：本空位于文章第二段第四句。此空前后的名词（短语）dating relationships与marriages属于两个并列成分，为并列关系，因此本题应选C，as well as表示“也，以及”，相当于and。这里的in dating relationships as well as marriages是介词短语作前面people的后置定语成分。

词义分析：as long as“只要”；as far as“直到，远至”（表示范围、程度等）；as well as“也，以及”；as soon as“一……就”。

78. B

语境分析：本空仍位于第二段第四句。由该句中的比较级more和后面的and可知，此处的三个短语more positive ______、more relationship-enhancing attributes（具备更多提升关系的品质）与more constructive responses ______ conflict为并列成分，结合选项可以推断出此处的more positive ______要表达的应该是“更积极的情绪”，故选B。其他三项都与positive不搭配。上面的三个并列成分表达的是那些能站在对方角度思考的人在处理关系时的优势。

词义分析：minds“头脑，智力”；emotions“情绪，情感”；psychology“心理，心理状态”；affection“感情；喜爱”。

79. A

语境分析：本空仍位于第二段第四句。此处考查的是固定搭配，结合选项可知，正确答案应该是A，response to表示“对……作出回应/反应”。more constructive responses to conflict表示“能对冲突作出更有建设性的反应”。

词义分析：to“对，对于”；against“反对；相反”；at“在，于，在……方面”；toward“向；对于；为了”。

80. B

语境分析：本空位于第三段第一句。此空所在分句与文章首句中的分句Because conflict and disagreements are part of all close relationships属于同义再现，由此可推断，本题应选B，inevitable表示“不可避免的，必然的”。

词义分析：absolute“完全的；绝对的”；inevitable“不可避免的，必然的”；essential“本质的，基本的”；obvious“明显的，显而易见的”。

81. C

语境分析：本空仍位于第三段第一句。本句承接上一段的话题，提出如何处理冲突的第二点。由空格前的and可知，本句的apologize to their partner for wrongdoings与______ forgiveness from their partner for their own acts构成并列关系，前者表达的是要为做错的事向对方道歉，故可推知后者要表达的是获得对方对自己行为的谅解，本题应选C，receive表示“收到，接到”。

词义分析：require“要求，需要”；inquire“询问，查究”；receive“收到，接到”；achieve“完成，达到”。

82. B

语境分析：本空位于第三段第三句。本题考查的是固定搭配，四个选项中，只有选项B的with能与in line构成固定搭配，in line with的意思是“与某事物相似或一致”。

词义分析：over“超过；在……方面”；with“与，和”，in line with“与某事物相似或一致”；up“向上”；of“……的”。

83. A

语境分析：本空仍位于第三段第三句。由本句开头的in line with this view可知，本句承接上一句，说明更有宽容之心的夫妻从长远来看婚姻质量会更高。结合选项，本题应选A，quality表示“质量，品质”。

词义分析：quality“质量，品质”；identity“身份”；charity“慈善，施舍”；capability“能力，性能”。

84. B

语境分析：本空位于第三段第四句。由本句表示递进关系的even可知，本句仍然在讲道歉的好处，即道歉甚至可以对健康有利，结合选项，此处应选B，positive表示“积极的”，此处have positive health benefits表示“对健康产生积极的作用”。

词义分析：creative“创造性的”；positive“积极的”；objective“客观的”；competitive“竞争性的”。

85. C

语境分析：本空位于第三段第五句。由本句开头的for example可知，本句是举例说明上一句话的观点：道歉对健康有利。由空格后的and可知，hurtful______与grudges构成并列关系，且结合reflect（思考）的含义，可以选出答案C，hurtful memories表示“受伤的记忆”，本句想表达的意思是，当人们思索受伤的记忆以及怨恨时，常常呈现出不良的生理反应。

词义分析：prospects“前景，前途”；concepts“概念，观念”；memories“记忆，回忆”；outlooks“展望；观点”。

86. D

语境分析：本空仍位于第三段第五句。由空格前面的including（包括）可知，______ heart rate and blood pressure是举例说明including前面出现的negative physiological effects，结合选项可知，此处要表达的是“心率加快、血压升高”，由此得出答案为D，increased表示“升高的，增加的”。

词义分析：四个选项均属于动词的过去分词作形容词的用法。added“增加的，加入的”；toughened“坚韧的，坚固的”；strengthened“加强的”；increased“升高的；增加的”。

Part VI　Translation

87. hadn't been watered for a long time

【考查点】词汇：water vt. 给……浇水

短语：for a long time 很久，很长一段时间

句型：as if意为“似乎，好像”，用在look、seem、smell、taste、sound等系动词后面，引导表语从句；也可用在行为动词之后，引导方式状语从句。无论引导何种从句，当其所表述的情况是事实或具有很大可能性时，通常用陈述语气；当其所表述的情况不是事实而是主观的想象或夸大性的比喻时，通常用虚拟语气。本题考查了as if引导的表语从句的虚拟语气用法，故从句应该用had done表示对过去的虚拟。

【随学随练】They talked about the outer space vividly as if they ________________ (在那里居住很久了).

88. 1000 pounds cheaper than mine

【考查点】语法：比较结构——形容词比较级＋than。注意，当比较倍数、数量时，应将表示倍数、数量的名词放在比较级结构之前。

【随学随练】The new building he bought is so grand. It is ___________________ (比那栋旧建筑高十层).

89. as well listen to the music

【考查点】短语：may / might as well还是……为好，最好，倒不如，后面接动词原形。

【随学随练】The weather is extremely bad today. We might _____________________________________ (最好还是待在家里，不要出去了).

90. the light on and the door open

【考查点】语法：with引导伴随状语，即，with＋宾语（名词或代词）＋宾语补足语（介词、形容词、副词、分词、不定式），本题中的宾语补足语分别是形容词on与open。

【随学随练】The fierce battle ended and we finally recaptured the lost ground, with ______ (红旗在空中高高飘扬).

91. have been translated into many languages / have been turned into many languages

【考查点】短语：translate...into...将……翻译成……，也可表达为turn...into...；be said据说

语法：to have been done表示不定式动作先于主句谓语动词的动作被完成。

【随学随练】The building is said to ______ (已经盖好了).

大学英语四级考试

2012年12月真题

COLLEGE ENGLISH TEST

— Band Four —

试　题　册

注意事项

一、将自己的校名、姓名、准考证号写在答题卡1和答题卡2上。将本试卷代号划在答题卡2上。

二、试卷册、答题卡1和答题卡2均不得带出考场。考试结束，监考员收卷后考生才可离开。

三、仔细读懂题目的说明。

四、在30分钟内做完答题卡1上的作文题。30分钟后，考生按指令启封试题册，在接着的15分钟内完成快速阅读理解部分的试题。然后监考员收取答题卡1，考生在答题卡2上完成其余部分的试题。全部答题时间为125分钟，不得拖延时间。

五、考生必须在答题卡上作答，凡是写在试题册上的答案一律无效。

六、多项选择题每题只能选一个答案；如多选，则该题无分。选定答案后，用HB-2B浓度的铅笔在相应字母的中部划一条横线。

正确方法是：［A］［C］［D］。

使用其他符号答题者不给分。划线要有一定的粗度，浓度要盖过字母底色。

七、如果要改动答案，必须先用橡皮擦净原来选定的答案，然后再按规定重新答题。

八、在考试过程中要注意对自己的答案保密。若被他人抄袭，一经发现，后果自负。

Part I　Writing (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Education Pays based on the statistics provided in the chart below (Unemployment rate in 2010). Please give a brief description of the chart first and then make comments on it. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

Part Ⅱ　Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)　(15 minutes)

Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.

The Magician

The revolution that Steve Jobs led is only just beginning

When it came to putting on a show, nobody else in the computer industry, or any other industry for that matter, could match Steve Jobs. His product launches, at which he would stand alone on a black stage and produce as if by magic an "incredible" new electronic gadget (小器具) in front of an amazed crowd, were the performances of a master showman. All computers do is fetch and work with numbers, he once explained, but do it fast enough and "the results appear to be magic". Mr Jobs, who died recently aged 56, spent his life packaging that magic into elegantly designed, easy-to-use products.

The reaction to his death, with people leaving candles and flowers outside Apple stores and politicians singing praises on the internet, is proof that Mr Jobs had become something much more significant than just a clever money-maker. He stood out in three ways—as a technologist, as a corporate (公司的) leader and as somebody who was able to make people love what had previously been impersonal, functional gadgets. Strangely, it is this last quality that may have the deepest effect on the way people live. The era of personal technology is in many ways just beginning.

As a technologist, Mr Jobs was different because he was not an engineer—and that was his great strength. Instead he was keenly interested in product design and aesthetics (美学), and in making advanced technology simple to use. He repeatedly took an existing but half-formed idea—the mouse-driven computer, the digital music player, the smartphone, the tablet computer (平板电脑) —and showed the rest of the industry how to do it properly. Rival firms competed with each other to follow where he led. In the process he brought about great changes in computing, music, telecoms and the news business that were painful for existing firms but welcomed by millions of consumers.

Within the wider business world, a man who liked to see himself as a hippy (嬉皮士), permanently in revolt against big companies, ended up being hailed by many of those corporate giants as one of the greatest chief executives of his time. That was partly due to his talents: showmanship, strategic vision, an astonishing attention to detail and a dictatorial management style which many bosses must have envied. But most of all it was the extraordinary trajectory (轨迹) of his life. His fall from grace in the 1980s, followed by his return to Apple in 1996 after a period in the wilderness, is an inspiration to any businessperson whose career has taken a turn for the worse. The way in which Mr Jobs revived the failing company he had co-founded and turned it into the world's biggest tech firm (bigger even than Bill Gates's Microsoft, the company that had outsmarted Apple so dramatically in the 1980s), sounds like something from a Hollywood movie.

But what was perhaps most astonishing about Mr Jobs was the absolute loyalty he managed to inspire in customers. Many Apple users feel themselves to be part of a community, with Mr Jobs as its leader. And there was indeed a personal link. Apple's products were designed to accord with the boss's tastes and to meet his extremely high standards. Every iPhone or MacBook has his fingerprints all over it. His great achievement was to combine an emotional spark with computer technology, and make the resulting product feel personal. And that is what put Mr Jobs on the right side of history, as technological innovation (创新) has moved into consumer electronics over the past decade.

As our special report in this issue (printed before Mr Jobs's death) explains, innovation used to spill over from military and corporate laboratories to the consumer market, but lately this process has gone into reverse. Many people's homes now have more powerful, and more flexible, devices than their offices do; consumer gadgets and online services are smarter and easier to use than most companies' systems. Familiar consumer products are being adopted by businesses, government and the armed forces. Companies are employing in-house versions of Facebook and creating their own "app stores" to deliver software to employees. Doctors use tablet computers for their work in hospitals. Meanwhile, the number of consumers hungry for such gadgets continues to swell. Apple's products are now being snapped up in Delhi and Dalian just as in Dublin and Dallas.

Mr Jobs had a reputation as a control freak (怪人), and his critics complained that the products and systems he designed were closed and inflexible, in the name of greater ease of use. Yet he also empowered millions of people by giving them access to cutting-edge technology. His insistence on putting users first, and focusing on elegance and simplicity, has become deep-rooted in his own company, and is spreading to rival firms too. It is no longer just at Apple that designers ask: "What would Steve Jobs do?"

The gap between Apple and other tech firms is now likely to narrow. This week's announcement of a new iPhone by a management team led by Tim Cook, who replaced Mr Jobs as chief executive in August, was generally regarded as competent but uninspiring. Without Mr Jobs to shower his star dust on the event, it felt like just another product launch from just another technology firm. At the recent unveiling of a tablet computer by Jeff Bezos of Amazon, whose company is doing the best job of following Apple's lead in combining hardware, software, content and services in an easy-to-use bundle, there were several attacks at Apple. But by doing his best to imitate Mr Jobs, Mr Bezos also flattered (抬举) him. With Mr Jobs gone, Apple is just one of many technology firms trying to arouse his uncontrollable spirit in new products.

Mr Jobs was said by an engineer in the early years of Apple to emit a "reality distortion (扭曲) field", such were his powers of persuasion. But in the end he created a reality of his own, channelling the magic of computing into products that reshaped entire industries. The man who said in his youth that he wanted to "put a ding in the universe" did just that.

1. We learn from the first paragraph that nobody could match Steve Jobs in ______.

A) intelligence

B) showmanship

C) magic power

D) persuasion skills

2. What did Steve Jobs do that most deeply affected people's way of life?

A) He invented lots of functional gadgets.

B) He kept improving computer technology.

C) He started the era of personal technology.

D) He established a new style of leadership.

3. Where did Mr Jobs's great strength lie?

A) His profound insight about consumers' needs in general.

B) His keen interest in designing elegant and user-friendly gadgets.

C) His firm determination to win in the competition against his rivals.

D) His rich knowledge as a computer scientist and electronic engineer.

4. Many corporate giants saw Steve Jobs as ______.

A) one of the greatest chief executives of his time

B) a dictator in the contemporary business world

C) an unbeatable rival in the computer industry

D) the most admirable hippy in today's world

5. For those who have suffered failures in business, Steve Jobs's life experience serves as ______.

A) a symbol

B) a standard

C) an ideal

D) an inspiration

6. What was the most astonishing part of Mr Jobs's success?

A) He turned a failing company into a profitable business.

B) He set up personal links with many of his customers.

C) He commanded absolute loyalty from Apple users.

D) He left his fingerprints all over Apple products.

7. What is mentioned in this issue's special report about innovation nowadays?

A) It benefits civilians more than the military.

B) New products are first used in the military.

C) Many new ideas first appear on the internet.

D) It originates in the consumer market.

8. In spite of the user-friendliness of Apple products, critics complained that they were ___________________.

9. Amazon, by having hardware, software, content and services _________________________ in an easy-to-use bundle, did the best job in following Apple's lead.

10. By channelling the magic of computing into products, Steve Jobs had succeeded in ____________________.

Part III　Listening Comprehension　(35 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

11. A) He needs another week for the painting.

B) The painting was completed just in time.

C) The building won't open until next week.

D) His artistic work has been well received.

12. A) Go camping.

B) Rent a tent.

C) Decorate his house.

D) Organize a party.

13. A) She talked with Mr. Wright on the phone.

B) She is about to call Mr. Wright's secretary.

C) She will see Mr. Wright at lunch time.

D) She failed to reach Mr. Wright.

14. A) He is actually very hardworking.

B) He has difficulty finishing his project.

C) He needs to spend more time in the lab.

D) He seldom tells the truth about himself.

15. A) Rules restricting smoking.

B) Ways to quit smoking.

C) Smokers' health problems.

D) Hazards of passive smoking.

16. A) He is out of town all morning.

B) He is tied up in family matters.

C) He has been writing a report.

D) He has got meetings to attend.

17. A) He is not easy-going.

B) He is the speakers' boss.

C) He is not at home this weekend.

D) He seldom invites people to his home.

18. A) Take a break.

B) Refuel his car.

C) Ask the way.

D) Have a cup of coffee.

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

19. A) They are as good as historical films.

B) They give youngsters a thrill.

C) They have greatly improved.

D) They are better than comics on film.

20. A) The effects were very good.

B) The acting was just so-so.

C) The plot was too complicated.

D) The characters were lifelike.

21. A) They triumphed ultimately over evil in the battle.

B) They played the same role in War of the Worlds.

C) They are popular figures among young people.

D) They are two leading characters in the film.

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

22. A) It is scheduled on Thursday night.

B) It is supposed to last nine weeks.

C) It takes place once a week.

D) It usually starts at six.

23. A) To make good use of her spare time in the evening.

B) To meet the requirements of her in-service training.

C) To improve her driving skills as quickly as possible.

D) To get some basic knowledge about car maintenance.

24. A) Participate in group discussions.

B) Take turns to make presentations.

C) Listen to the teacher's explanation.

D) Answer the teacher's questions.

25. A) Most of them are female.

B) Some have a part-time job.

C) They plan to buy a new car.

D) A few of them are old chaps.

Section B

Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.

26. A) She is not good at making friends.

B) She is not well off.

C) She enjoys company.

D) She likes to go to concerts alone.

27. A) Their similar social status.

B) Their interdependence.

C) Their common interest.

D) Their identical character.

28. A) Invite Pat to a live concert.

B) Buy some gifts for Pat's kids.

C) Help take care of Pat's kids.

D) Pay for Pat's season tickets.

29. A) It can develop between people with a big difference in income.

B) It can be maintained among people of different age groups.

C) It cannot last long without similar family background.

D) It cannot be sustained when friends move far apart.

Passage Two

Questions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.

30. A) Priority of students' academic achievements.

B) Equal education opportunities to all children.

C) Social equality between teachers and students.

D) Respect for students' individuality.

31. A) Efficient.

B) Complicated.

C) Lengthy.

D) Democratic.

32. A) To help them acquire hands-on experience.

B) To try to cut down its operational expenses.

C) To provide part-time jobs for needy students.

D) To enable them to learn to take responsibility.

Passage Three

Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.

33. A) The best way to work through a finger maze.

B) Individuals doing better in front of an audience.

C) Researchers having contributed greatly to psychology.

D) Improvements on the classification of human behavior.

34. A) When you feel encouraged by the audience.

B) When you try to figure out a confusing game.

C) When you already know how to do something.

D) When you complete with other people in a group.

35. A) Practicing constantly.

B) Working by oneself.

C) Learning by doing.

D) Using proven methods.

Section C

Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.

Americans today have different eating habits than they had in the past. There is a wide (36) ______ of food available. They have a broader (37) ______ of nutrition (营养), so they buy more fresh fruit and (38) _______ than ever before. At the same time, Americans (39) ______ increasing quantities of sweets and sodas.

Statistics show that the way people live (40) ______ the way they eat. American lifestyles have changed. There are now growing numbers of people who live alone, (41) ______ parents and children, and double-income families. These changing lifestyles are (42) ______ for the increasing number of people who must (43) ______ meals or sometimes simply go without them. Many Americans have less time than ever before to spend preparing food. (44) _____________________________________________________________. Moreover, Americans eat out nearly four times a week on average.

It is easy to study the amounts and kinds of food that people consume. (45) ___________________________________________________________________________________. This information not only tells us what people are eating, but also tells us about the changes in attitudes and tastes. (46) ___________________________________________________________________________. Instead, chicken, turkey and fish have become more popular. Sales of these foods have greatly increased in recent years.

Part IV　Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)　(25 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the banks more than once.

Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.

French fries, washed down with a pint of soda, are a favorite part of fast-food lunches and dinners for millions of American youngsters. But 　47　 a cue from health experts, a group of 19 restaurant companies are pledging to offer more-healthful menu options for children at a time when 　48　 is growing over the role of fast food in childhood obesity (肥胖症).

Burger King, the nation's second-largest fast food chain, for instance, will 　49　 automatically including French fries and soda in its kids' meals starting this month, although they will still be 　50　. Instead, the company said Tuesday, its employees will ask parents whether they 　51　 such options as milk or sliced apples before assembling the meals. "We're asking the customers to 　52　 what they want," said Craig Prusher, the chain's vice president of government relations. Other participating chains, with a 　53　 of menu options, including Denny's, Chili's, Friendly's and Chevy's.

As part of the Kids Live Well campaign—expected to be announced 　54　 Wednesday—participating restaurants must promise to offer at least one children's meal that has fewer than 600 calories (卡路里), no soft drinks and at least two 　55　 from the following food groups: fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins or low-fat dairy. Among other requirements, they must offer a side dish that meets similar 　56　, with fewer than 200 calories and less than 35% of its calories from sugar.

A) adapt

B) available

C) begin

D) concern

E) criteria

F) items

G) nationwide

H) possible

I) prefer

J) recommending

K) species

L) specify

M) stop

N) taking

O) variety

Section B

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.

As you are probably aware, the latest job markets news isn't good: Unemployment is still more than 9 percent, and new job growth has fallen close to zero. That's bad for the economy, of course. And it may be especially discouraging if you happen to be looking for a job or hoping to change careers right now. But it actually shouldn't matter to you nearly as much as you think.

That's because job growth numbers don't matter to job hunters as much as job turnover (人员更替) data. After all, existing jobs open up every day due to promotions, resignations, terminations (解雇), and retirements. (Yes, people are retiring even in this economy.) In both good times and bad, turnover creates more openings than economic growth does. Even in June of 2007, when the economy was still moving ahead, job growth was only 132,000, while turnover was 4.7 million!

And as it turns out, even today—with job growth near zero—over 4 million job hunters are being hired every month.

I don't mean to imply that overall job growth doesn't have an impact on one's ability to land a job. It's true that if total employment were higher, it would mean more jobs for all of us to choose from (and compete for). And it's true that there are currently more people applying for each available job opening, regardless of whether it's a new one or not.

But what often distinguishes those who land jobs from those who don't is their ability to stay motivated. They're willing to do the hard work of identifying their valuable skills; be creative about where and how to look; learn how to present themselves to potential employers; and keep going, even after repeated rejections. The Bureau of Labor Statistics data shows that 2.7 million people who wanted and were available for work hadn't looked within the last four weeks and were no longer even classified as unemployed.

So don't let the headlines fool you into giving up. Four million people get hired every month in the U.S. You can be one of them.

57. The author tends to believe that high unemployment rate ______.

A) deprives many people of job opportunities

B) prevents many people from changing careers

C) should not stop people from looking for a job

D) does not mean the U.S. economy is worsening

58. Where do most job openings come from?

A) Job growth.

B) Job turnover.

C) Improved economy.

D) Business expansion.

59. What does the author say about overall job growth?

A) It doesn't have much effect on individual job seekers.

B) It increases people's confidence in the economy.

C) It gives a ray of hope to the unemployed.

D) It doesn't mean greater job security for the employed.

60. What is the key to landing a job according to the author?

A) Education.

B) Intelligence.

C) Persistence.

D) Experience.

61. What do we learn from the passage about the unemployment figures in the U.S.?

A) They clearly indicate how healthy the economy is.

B) They provide the public with the latest information.

C) They warn of the structural problems in the economy.

D) They exclude those who have stopped looking for a job.

Passage Two

Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.

Our risk of cancer rises dramatically as we age. So it makes sense that the elderly should be routinely screened for new tumors—or doesn't it?

While such vigilant (警觉的) tracking of cancer is a good thing in general, researchers are increasingly questioning whether all of this testing is necessary for the elderly. With the percentage of people over age 65 expected to nearly double by 2050, it's important to weigh the health benefits of screening against the risks and costs of routine testing.

In many cases, screening can lead to surgeries to remove cancer, while the cancers themselves may be slow-growing and may not pose serious health problems in patients' remaining years. But the message that everyone must screen for cancer has become so deep-rooted that when health care experts recommended that women under 50 and over 74 stop screening for breast cancer, it caused a riotous reaction among doctors, patients and advocacy groups.

It's hard to uproot deeply held beliefs about cancer screening with scientific data. Certainly, there are people over age 75 who have had cancers detected by routine screening, and gained several extra years of life because of treatment. And clearly, people over age 75 who have other risk factors for cancer, such as a family history or prior personal experience with the disease, should continue to get screened regularly. But for the remainder, the risk of cancer, while increased at the end of life, must be balanced with other factors like remaining life expectancy (预期寿命).

A recent study suggests that doctors start to make more objective decisions about who will truly benefit from screening—especially considering the explosion of the elderly that will soon swell our population.

It's not an easy calculation to make, but one that makes sense for all patients. Dr. Otis Brawley said, "Many doctors are ordering screening tests purely to cover themselves. We need to think about the rational use of health care."

That means making some difficult decisions with elderly patients, and going against the misguided belief that when it comes to health care, more is always better.

62. Why do doctors recommend routine cancer screening for elderly people?

A) It is believed to contribute to long life.

B) It is part of their health care package.

C) The elderly are more sensitive about their health.

D) The elderly are in greater danger of tumor growth.

63. How do some researchers now look at routine cancer screening for the elderly?

A) It adds too much to their medical bills.

B) It helps increase their life expectancy.

C) They are doubtful about its necessity.

D) They think it does more harm than good.

64. What is the conventional view about women screening for breast cancer?

A) It applies to women over 50.

B) It is a must for adult women.

C) It is optional for young women.

D) It doesn't apply to women over 74.

65. Why do many doctors prescribe routine screening for cancer?

A) They want to protect themselves against medical disputes.

B) They want to take advantage of the medical care system.

C) They want data for medical research.

D) They want their patients to suffer less.

66. What does the author say is the general view about health care?

A) The more, the better.

B) Prevention is better than cure.

C) Better early than late.

D) Better care, longer life.

Part V　Cloze　(15 minutes)

Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D)on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Part VI　Translation　(5 minutes)

Directions: Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets. Please write your translation on Answer Sheet 2.

87. I finally got the job I dreamed about. Never before in my life ______________________________ (我感到如此激动)！

88. Yesterday Jane left the meeting early. Otherwise, she ____________________________________ (可能会说一些后来会懊悔的话).

89. With the noise going on outside the classroom, I had great difficulty ____________________________________________ (集中注意力复习功课).

90. This is the first time I ____________________________________________________________ (听到他们用法语交流).

91. All the information you need to apply for your visa is ____________________________________ (可以免费获取).

2012年12月大学英语四级考试真题详解

Part I　Writing

Education Pays

As is shown in the bar chart, in 2010, the unemployment rate of people possessing doctoral degree is 1.9%, which is the lowest, and on the contrary①, the unemployment rate of people with less than a high school diploma is the highest which is up to 14.9%. Additionally②, we can discover that the higher the education level is, the lower the unemployment rate is. Obviously, the bar chart powerfully demonstrates a fact: Education pays.③

It's not difficult to explain the phenomenon—people with higher education level acquire more advanced knowledge and professional skills, become more competitive among their coworkers, and eventually secure a more stable job. However, people without high degree are easily dismissed because their jobs are easy and can be carried out by many other people.④

Under the environment of fierce competition, the recruitment requirements of enterprises have become even stricter, and the advantage of good education background becomes highlighted.⑤ So, as university students, we should grasp as much knowledge and learn as many skills as we can and prepare ourselves for the future careers.⑥

①．这篇图表作文本身就是对数据的对比，所以在行文中用表示对比的短语on the contrary可以使文章与图表结合得更加紧密。

②．结构副词的使用使文章结构清晰，主次分明。

③．首段末点题，简洁明了，统领下文。

④．通过分析受过高等教育和没有受过高等教育的两类人对图表进行解读。

⑤．结合当今实际，进一步强化主题。

⑥．结尾从学生的角度出发，表明自己的观点。

教育有回报

如条形图所示，2010年，拥有博士学位的人失业率最低，为1.9％，相反，高中以下学历的人失业率最高，达14.9％。此外，我们还发现受教育程度越高，失业率越低。显然，这张条形图强有力地说明了一个事实：教育有回报。

这一现象不难解释：人们的教育水平越高，学得的先进知识和专业技能就越多，在同行中也就越有竞争力，最终所拥有的工作也会越稳定。而不具备高学历的人则很容易被解雇，因为他们所从事的工作比较容易，许多人都可以完成。

在竞争激烈的环境下，企业的招聘标准变得更加严格，同时好的教育背景的优势也更加凸显。所以，作为大学生，我们应该尽可能多地掌握知识，学习技能，为将来的职业生涯做好准备。

要点用法

as is shown in... 如……所示

eventually 最终

on the contrary 相反

stable 稳定的

additionally 另外

easily dismissed 很容易被解雇

obviously 显然

fierce competition 激烈的竞争

powerfully demonstrate 有力地说明

recruitment requirement 招聘要求

phenomenon 现象

highlighted 突出的

acquire 掌握；习得

grasp...knowledge 掌握……知识

句法点评

1．As is shown in the bar chart...

首句是图表作文的通用开篇句式，类似的表达方法还有：As we can see from the bar chart...等。

2．Additionally, we can discover that the higher the education level is, the lower the unemployment rate is.

该句中that引导的从句作discover的宾语，其中包含了“the＋比较级...the＋比较级...”这一句型，表示“……越……，……越……”。

3．...people with higher education level acquire more advanced knowledge and professional skills, become more competitive among their coworkers, and eventually secure a more stable job.

本句是排比递进句式，acquire, become和secure三个词并列作谓语，表达的意思逐层深入，从而使分析更有说服力；其中with higher education level是后置定语，修饰people。

Part II　Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)

魔术大师

乔布斯领导的革命只是刚刚开始

［1］从表现力来看，整个电脑行业，还有其他相关的产业中，都没有人能够与史蒂夫·乔布斯相匹敌。在他的产品发布会上，乔布斯独自一人站在黑色的展示台上，在满脸震惊的观众面前展示出一件“不可思议的”新型电子设备，就像是一位魔术大师在表演。乔布斯曾经解释说，所有的电脑都是用来读取和处理数字的，但要把它做得足够快，这样“结果看起来就有如魔法般神奇”。乔布斯不久前离开了人世，终年56岁，他终其一生都在将其“魔法”融入到设计雅致、易于操作的产品中去。

乔布斯逝世后，人们在苹果专卖店门外留下蜡烛和鲜花，政要们在互联网上发布颂词，这些都足以证明他远远不止是个精明且会赚钱的人。［2］乔布斯的出类拔萃体现在三个方面——他是一名出色的技术专家、一个卓越的企业领导，同时更是一个能让人们喜欢上那些在以前是冷冰冰的、功能型的小玩意的人。奇怪的是，正是这最后一个特质可能对人们的生活方式产生了最为深远的影响。个性技术化的时代在许多方面才刚刚开始。

［3］作为一名技术专家，乔布斯是与众不同的，因为他并不是一名工程师——这正是他的强大优势所在。而他真正感兴趣的是产品设计、美学以及使先进技术变得简单好用。他反复拿出已经存在但理念还未完全形成的产品——鼠标驱动式电脑、数码音乐播放器、智能手机、平板电脑——来向其行业展示应如何正确地发展下去。竞争对手们争相跟随他指引的方向。在这个过程中，他给计算机应用、音乐、电信和新闻业带来了巨大的改变，这对既有公司而言是痛苦不已的，但却受到了数百万消费者的欢迎。

在这个更为广阔的商业世界中，乔布斯喜欢把自己看做一个嬉皮士，永远不停地挑战大公司，［4］最终他却被许多商业巨头们盛赞为他那个时代最伟大的首席执行官。这部分归功于他的天赋：表现能力、战略眼光、对细节惊人的观察力，以及许多老板一定非常嫉妒的独裁式的管理风格。但是最重要的还是他那非凡的人生轨迹。［5］上世纪80年代乔布斯在苹果不得势，他离开了那里，而后1996年在沉寂一段时间后他又回归苹果，这对于任何一个事业走向低谷的商业人士来说都是一种激励。乔布斯将他自己参与创建的、正在走向衰败的苹果公司复兴，并将它发展成为世界上最大的科技公司（甚至比比尔·盖茨的微软公司更大，而该公司曾在上世纪80年代大大地超越苹果），这听起来就像是发生在好莱坞电影里的故事。

［6］但是，或许最让人吃惊的还是乔布斯设法使消费者对其产品产生的绝对的忠诚。许多苹果的用户都感觉自己是以乔布斯为领导者的一个团体中的一部分。而这其中确实存在着一种个人关联。苹果的产品都是按照作为老板的乔布斯的品位来设计的，并且能够满足他异乎寻常的高标准。每一部iPhone手机或者苹果笔记本电脑上都满是他的指纹。乔布斯的伟大成就在于将情感的火花与电脑技术融合在了一起，并且使得最终的产品更加个性化。而在过去的十年中，技术创新渐渐转移到消费电子产品上，正是这一点使乔布斯顺应了历史潮流。

［7］按照我们这期中的（印制于乔布斯逝世前）特别报道部分的解释，创新过去常常是从军事和企业实验室向消费市场流动，但最近这个流动趋势开始颠倒了。如今，很多人家里的设备都比其办公室的更强大、更灵活；消费类的小物件和在线服务比大多数公司的系统更智能，也更便于使用。为大家熟知的消费类产品也正在被企业、政府和武装部队所采用。一些公司正在使用内部的脸谱网，同时也在建立它们自己的“应用程序商店”来向员工们发送软件。在医院里，医生们使用平板电脑进行工作。与此同时，渴求这类设备的消费者的数量仍在继续增加。位于德里和大连的苹果专卖店与都伯林和达拉斯的一样，其苹果产品都在被消费者们疯狂抢购。

［8］乔布斯有一个“控制怪人”的称号，他的批评者抱怨他所设计的产品和系统名义上更易于使用，实际上是封闭而不灵活的。但同时，他也让数百万人接触到了尖端科技。他对用户至上理念的坚持以及对优雅和简洁的专注，已经深深地植入到了他的公司中，同时也正在向竞争对手的公司传播。现在，已经不只在苹果公司才能听到设计师们这样问：“乔布斯会怎么做？”

苹果和其他科技公司之间的差距可能正在缩小。本周，以蒂姆·库克（于8月份接替乔布斯的首席执行官的职务）为首的管理团队主办了新版iPhone的发布会，该发布会被普遍认为效果不错但缺乏创意。没有了乔布斯来添光加彩，苹果的发布会就像是其他科技公司发布别的产品的发布会一样。［9］最近，杰夫·贝索斯所在的亚马逊公司也发布了一款平板电脑。该公司正在尽力跟随苹果的领导，即将硬件、软件、内容和服务集于一体，并使之便于使用。这招来了苹果公司的尖锐批评。但努力模仿乔布斯的同时，贝索斯其实也是在抬举他。乔布斯去世后，苹果公司变得与其他科技公司一样，努力在新产品中注入乔布斯式的叛逆元素。

在苹果公司的早期，曾有一位工程师说乔布斯散发着“将现实扭曲的魄力”，指的就是他的说服力。［10］但是最后，乔布斯创造了一个属于自己的现实，将计算机应用的魔力引入到重塑了整个行业的产品中去。这个在年轻时曾说过想要“在世界上做出一番成就”的男人，最终做到了。

1. We learn from the first paragraph that nobody could match Steve Jobs in ______.

A) intelligence

B) showmanship

C) magic power

D) persuasion skills

从第一段中我们了解到在______方面无人能与史蒂夫·乔布斯相匹敌。

A）智力

B）表现能力

C）魔力

D）说服技巧

►线索词：the first paragraph，match

►定位处：文章第一段第一句

►解析：本题问从文章第一段可以了解到在什么方面没有人能与史蒂夫·乔布斯相匹敌。文章第一段第一句提到：“从表现力来看，整个电脑行业，还有其他相关的产业中，都没有人能够与史蒂夫·乔布斯相匹敌。”B项中的showmanship意为“表演技巧，表现能力”，是第一句中putting on a show的同义转述，与文意相符，故为正确答案。

2. What did Steve Jobs do that most deeply affected people's way of life?

A) He invented lots of functional gadgets.

B) He kept improving computer technology.

C) He started the era of personal technology.

D) He established a new style of leadership.

史蒂夫·乔布斯对人们的生活方式影响最深刻的举措是什么？

A）他发明了许多功能性电子产品。

B）他不断改进计算机技术。

C）他开启了个性化科技时代。

D）他创立了一种新的领导风格。

►线索词：most deeply affected people's way of life

►定位处：文章第二段第二、三句

►解析：文章第二段第二句提到：“乔布斯的出类拔萃体现在三个方面——他是一名出色的技术专家、一个卓越的企业领导，同时更是一个能让人们喜欢上那些在以前是冷冰冰的、功能型的小玩意的人。”而紧接着第三句话明确指出：“奇怪的是，正是这最后一个特质可能对人们的生活方式产生了最为深远的影响。”故可知，乔布斯把以前那些冷冰冰的、功能型的小玩意改进得更加个性化，使它们受到人们的喜爱，也深刻地影响了人们的生活方式。故可知答案为C。

3. Where did Mr Jobs's great strength lie?

A) His profound insight about consumers' needs in general.

B) His keen interest in designing elegant and user-friendly gadgets.

C) His firm determination to win in the competition against his rivals.

D) His rich knowledge as a computer scientist and electronic engineer.

乔布斯先生的巨大优势在于何处？

A）他对于消费者普遍需求的敏锐洞察力。

B）他对于设计富有魅力而又便于使用的电子产品的浓厚兴趣。

C）他对于在与竞争对手角逐时胜出的坚定决心。

D）他作为一名计算机科学家和电子工程师的渊博知识。

►线索词：Mr Jobs's great strength

►定位处：文章第三段第一句

►解析：文章第三段第一句提到：“作为一名技术专家，乔布斯是与众不同的，因为他并不是一名工程师——这正是他的强大优势所在。”紧接着第二句说：“而他真正感兴趣的是产品设计、美学以及使先进技术变得简单好用”，即对乔布斯的强大优势作进一步说明，分析四个选项可知正确答案为B。

4. Many corporate giants saw Steve Jobs as ______.

A) one of the greatest chief executives of his time

B) a dictator in the contemporary business world

C) an unbeatable rival in the computer industry

D) the most admirable hippy in today's world

许多企业巨擘把史蒂夫·乔布斯看作______。

A）他的时代里最伟大的CEO之一

B）当今商业领域的一位独裁者

C）计算机行业无与伦比的竞争对手

D）当今世界最令人钦佩的嬉皮士

►线索词：corporate giants

►定位处：文章第四段第一句话

►解析：文章第四段第一句话提到：“在这个更为广阔的商业世界中，乔布斯喜欢把自己看做一个嬉皮士，永远不停地挑战大公司，最终他却被许多商业巨头们盛赞为他那个时代最伟大的首席执行官”，其中A项one of the greatest chief executives of his time属于原词复现，故为正确答案。

5. For those who have suffered failures in business, Steve Jobs's life experience serves as ______.

A) a symbol

B) a standard

C) an ideal

D) an inspiration

对于那些在生意上遭受挫折的人而言，史蒂夫·乔布斯的人生经历可被当作______。

A）一种象征

B）一种标准

C）一种理想

D）一种激励

►线索词：suffered failures in business，Steve Jobs's life experience

►定位处：文章第四段第三句

►解析：本题问对于那些事业遭受失败的人来说，乔布斯的人生经历起到了什么样的作用。文章第四段第三句提到：“上世纪80年代乔布斯在苹果不得势，他离开了那里，而后1996年在沉寂一段时间后他又回归苹果，这对于任何一个事业走向低谷的商业人士来说都是一种激励。”故本题选an inspiration。

6. What was the most astonishing part of Mr Jobs's success?

A) He turned a failing company into a profitable business.

B) He set up personal links with many of his customers.

C) He commanded absolute loyalty from Apple users.

D) He left his fingerprints all over Apple products.

乔布斯先生的成功事迹之中最令人惊奇之处是什么？

A）他使日益衰落的公司变成一个盈利企业。

B）他与他的许多顾客建立了私人联系。

C）他赢得了苹果用户的绝对忠诚。

D）他在所有苹果产品上留下了自己的印记。

►线索词：the most astonishing part

►定位处：文章第五段第一句

►解析：文章第五段第一句话提到：“但是，或许最让人吃惊的还是乔布斯设法使消费者对其产品产生的绝对的忠诚。”四个选项中只有C项与此表述一致。其中的absolute loyalty属于原词重现；commanded是对原文中的managed to inspire的同义转述。

7. What is mentioned in this issue's special report about innovation nowadays?

A) It benefits civilians more than the military.

B) New products are first used in the military.

C) Many new ideas first appear on the internet.

D) It originates in the consumer market.

本期的特别报道就目前的创新提到了什么？

A）它使平民百姓比军队受益更大。

B）新产品首先应用于军队。

C）许多新想法首先出现于互联网。

D）它源于消费者市场。

►线索词：special report，innovation

►定位处：文章第六段第一句

►解析：文章第六段第一句指出：“……创新过去常常是从军事和企业实验室向消费市场流动，但最近这个流动趋势开始颠倒了。”由此可以推断，现在创新的流动过程是从消费市场转向军事和企业实验室，也就是源自消费市场，因此只有选项D符合题意，故为正确答案。

8. In spite of the user-friendliness of Apple products, critics complained that they were closed and inflexible.

尽管苹果公司的产品具有操作方便的特点，但批评者们抱怨它们封闭且缺乏灵活性。

►线索词：critics complained

►定位处：文章第七段第一句

►解析：文章第七段第一句话提到：“...his critics complained that the products and systems he designed were closed and inflexible, in the name of greater ease of use.”题干中的they指代的就是the products and systems he designed（他所设计的产品和系统），因此空格处应填入closed and inflexible。

9. Amazon, by having hardware, software, content and services combined in an easy-to-use bundle, did the best job in following Apple's lead.

亚马逊公司通过将硬件、软件、内容和服务整合在一起，以便于操作，从而使自己在效仿苹果公司方面做得最为出色。

►线索词：Amazon，hardware，software，content and services

►定位处：文章第八段第四句

►解析：文章第八段第四句提到：“……亚马逊公司也发布了一款平板电脑。该公司正在尽力跟随苹果的领导，即将硬件、软件、内容和服务集于一体，并使之便于使用。这招来了苹果公司的尖锐批评。”原文中的表达是...whose company is doing the best job of following Apple's lead in combining hardware...，其中combine这个动作的执行者是the company，故此处用了现在分词形式，而本题空格处所缺词与hardware、software、content and services之间是被动关系，故空格处应填入combined。

10. By channelling the magic of computing into products, Steve Jobs had succeeded in putting a ding in the universe.

通过将计算机魔力引入到产品中，史蒂夫·乔布斯成功地做到了在世界上做出一番成就。

►线索词：channelling the magic of computing into products

►定位处：文章最后一段第二、三句

►解析：文章最后一段第二、三句提到：“...he created a reality of his own, channeling the magic of computing into products that reshaped entire industries. The man who said in his youth that he wanted to 'put a ding in the universe' did just that（……乔布斯创造了一个属于自己的现实，将计算机应用的魔力引入到重塑了整个行业的产品中去。这个在年轻时曾说过想要‘在世界上做出一番成就’的男人，最终做到了）”可知空格处应填入的内容为“在世界上做出一番成就”，但因空格前是谓语动词succeeded in，因此应填入reshape的动名词形式，故答案为putting a ding in the universe。

Part III　Listening Comprehension

Section A

11. A) He needs another week for the painting.

B) The painting was completed just in time.

C) The building won't open until next week.

D) His artistic work has been well received.

W: Have you finished that painting for the new student center?

M: Just this morning. I've been working extra hours all week. You know the building opens tomorrow.

Q: What does the man mean?

A）他还需要一周时间才能完成这幅画。

B）这幅画刚好及时完成。

C）这座大楼要下周才启用。

D）他的艺术作品受到了好评。

女：你为新建的学生活动中心准备的那幅画完成了吗？

男：今天早上刚刚完成。这周我一直在加班创作。你也知道，那座大楼明天就要启用了。

问：男士的意思是什么？

►听前预测：

①两项提及painting，一项提及artistic work。

②两项提及一位男士（he，his）。

③三项涉及时间（another week，just in time，next week）。

结论：对话可能与男士和绘画有关，需重点关注与时间有关的信息，如是否能按时完成等。

►解析：女士问男士是否已经完成了为新建的学生活动中心绘制的画作，男士说他今天早上才完成，他一整周都在加班加点，因为那座大楼明天就要启用了。故选B。just in time意为“刚好赶上，刚刚来得及”，对应男士所说的just this morning和open tomorrow这两个关键信息。

12.  A) Go camping.

B) Rent a tent.

C) Decorate his house.

D) Organize a party.

M: Do you sell camping gear?

W: Yes, we have tents, sleeping bags, just about everything you might need, including stoves.

Q: What is the man probably going to do?

A）去野营。

B）租一顶帐篷。

C）装修他的房子。

D）组织一次聚会。

男：你们卖野营装备吗？

女：是的，我们有帐篷、睡袋，你可能需要的我们都有，包括炉子。

问：男士很可能要做什么？

►听前预测：四项均以动词原形开头，分别意为：去野营、租一个帐篷、装饰他的房子和组织一个派对。对话可能与某人将要做某事有关，应留意是否有与camping、house、tent、party有关的信息。

►解析：听辨gear一词并理解它的意思是解答本题的一大难点，gear在本对话中意为“工具，装备”，camping gear即为“野营装备”。男士问女士的店里是否出售此类装备，女士答道：“是的，我们有帐篷、睡袋，几乎有你可能需要的所有东西，包括炉子。”即使不知道gear的意思，从女士的回答中我们也能够推知男士可能要去野营。故选A。

13. A) She talked with Mr. Wright on the phone.

B) She is about to call Mr. Wright's secretary.

C) She will see Mr. Wright at lunch time.

D) She failed to reach Mr. Wright.

M: Hi, Jenny! Have you talked to Mr. Wright about the new sports program?

W: Well, I contacted his office half an hour ago, and his secretary said he was out for lunch until 2:00.

Q: What does the woman mean?

A）她和赖特先生通过电话。

B）她正要给赖特先生的秘书打电话。

C）她将在午餐时间去见赖特先生。

D）她没能和赖特先生取得联系。

男：嗨！珍妮。你和赖特先生谈了关于新体育项目的情况吗？

女：呃，我半小时前联系了他的办公室，他的秘书说他出去吃午饭了，要两点才能回来。

问：女士的意思是什么？

►听前预测：

①四项均以she开头。

②四项均提及Mr. Wright。

③女士的动作均与联系Mr. Wright有关（talk with，call...secretary，see，reach）。

结论：本题可能考查某位女士联系Mr. Wright的结果如何。

►解析：男士问女士是否和赖特先生谈了关于新体育项目的事。女士回答道：“我半小时前联系了他的办公室，他的秘书说他出去吃午饭了，要两点才能回来。”可见，女士没有联系上赖特先生。故选D。fail to do sth.意为“未能做某事”，reach sb.即“联系上某人”。

14.  A) He is actually very hardworking.

B) He has difficulty finishing his project.

C) He needs to spend more time in the lab.

D) He seldom tells the truth about himself.

M: Bill says he's not working so hard on his biology project.

W: But he spends a lot of time in the lab, doesn't he?

Q: What does the woman imply about Bill?

A）他其实工作非常勤奋。

B）他完成他的项目有困难。

C）他需要花更多时间在实验室里。

D）他很少就自己的情况说实话。

男：比尔说他没有在他的生物项目上下太大的工夫。

女：但是他花很多时间待在实验室里，不是吗？

问：关于比尔，女士暗示了什么？

►听前预测：

①四项均以he开头，对话讨论某位男士的情况。

②两项含有与研究有关的词（project，lab）。

③两项含有与事实相关的词（actually，truth）。

结论：对话可能谈及男士以及他所做的研究，可能涉及话语与事实的差异。

►解析：本题问关于比尔女士暗示了什么。男士说：“比尔说他没有在他的生物项目上下太大的工夫。”女士回答道：“但是他花很多时间待在实验室里，不是吗？”女士的言外之意是实际上比尔工作很勤奋，而不是为了强调比尔说谎，故排除D项，选择A项。

15.  A) Rules restricting smoking.

B) Ways to quit smoking.

C) Smokers' health problems.

D) Hazards of passive smoking.

M: I have to say I find the new smoking regulations too strict.

W: Well, they are for everyone's health. I have no complaints.

Q: What are the speakers talking about?

A）限制吸烟的规定。

B）戒烟的方法。

C）吸烟者的健康问题。

D）被动吸烟的危害。

男：我不得不说，新的吸烟规定太苛刻了。

女：呃，这些规定是为了每个人的健康。我没什么抱怨。

问：说话者在谈论什么？

►听前预测：四项均为与吸烟有关的名词短语，分别是：限制吸烟的规定、戒烟的方法、吸烟者的健康问题以及被动吸烟的危害。本题很可能考查对话中的两个人在谈论什么话题。

►解析：男士说：“我不得不说，新的吸烟规定太苛刻了。”女士回答道：“这些规定是为了每个人的健康，我没什么抱怨。”可见smoking regulations是否苛刻是二人讨论的话题，A项rules restricting smoking是对该短语的同义转述，故选A。其他三项对话均未提及。

16. A) He is out of town all morning.

B) He is tied up in family matters.

C) He has been writing a report.

D) He has got meetings to attend.

W: Jack asked me to drop off this report. He's tied up in meetings all morning.

M: I was hoping he'd bring it himself. I need to talk with him about it.

Q: Why can't Jack come in person?

A）他一早上都不在镇上。

B）他家庭琐事缠身。

C）他一直在写一份报告。

D）他有会议要参加。

女：杰克让我顺便把这份报告带过来，他一早上都要开会。

男：我原本希望他自己带过来，关于报告的事，我需要和他谈一谈。

问：为什么杰克不能亲自来？

►听前预测：

①四项均以he开头。

②四项均与男士当前的状态有关（is out of town，is tied up，has been writing，has got meeting）。

结论：本题可能考查男士目前的状态，由选项中的out、tied up、meetings推测男士可能无法做某事，正确选项应能解释其无法做某事的原因。

►解析：女士说：“杰克让我顺便把这份报告带过来，他一早上都要开会。”由此可知，杰克因为要参加会议所以不能亲自来，D项为正确答案。drop off sth.意为“中途顺便将某物送交某处”；be tied up指“被缠住（无法脱身）”。注意不要受tied up原词复现的干扰而直接选B。

17. A) He is not easy-going.

B) He is the speakers' boss.

C) He is not at home this weekend.

D) He seldom invites people to his home.

M: Should we invite Mr. Smith to join us for dinner this weekend? He's just come back from England.

W: You can have a try. But as far as I know, he seldom accepts invitations from his employees.

Q: What can we infer about Mr. Smith?

A）他不容易相处。

B）他是说话者的老板。

C）他本周末不在家。

D）他很少邀请别人去他家。

男：我们是否该邀请史密斯先生这周末和我们一起吃晚餐呢？他刚从英国回来。

女：你可以试一试。但是据我所知，他很少接受自己员工的邀请。

问：关于史密斯先生，我们可以推断出什么？

►听前预测：四项均以he开头，描述某位男士的特点或状态，分别为：他不是很随和、他是两位说话者的老板、他这个周末不在家、他很少邀请别人去他家。信息点比较分散，考生需根据听音内容作出进一步的判断。

►解析：本题问关于史密斯先生我们可以推知什么。男士问女士是否该邀请史密斯先生这周末和他们一起吃晚餐。他刚刚从英国回来。女士回答道：“你可以试一试，但据我所知，他很少接受自己员工的邀请。”解题的关键在于女士所说的his employees，即史密斯先生是两位说话者的老板，故选B。

18. A) Take a break.

B) Refuel his car.

C) Ask the way.

D) Have a cup of coffee.

W: This place doesn't look familiar at all. We must be lost.

M: Yeah, it seems so. Let's pull in here. While I'm filling in the tank, you go ask the way and get me something to drink please.

Q: What is the man going to do first?

A）休息一会儿。

B）给他的车加油。

C）问路。

D）喝一杯咖啡。

女：这个地方看上去一点也不熟悉，我们肯定是迷路了。

男：是啊，看来如此。我们在这里停一下吧。我加油的时候，你去问路，顺便给我带些喝的回来。

问：男士首先要去做什么？

►听前预测：四项均以动词原形开头，分别为：休息一下、给车重新加满油、问路、喝杯咖啡。本题可能考查即将发生的动作，需留意题目中提到的动作发出者是谁。

►解析：女士说：“这个地方看上去一点也不熟悉。我们肯定是迷路了。”男士回答道：“看来如此，我们在这里停一下吧。我加油的时候，你去问问路，然后帮我带点喝的回来。”理解对话的一个难点在于pull in，该短语表示“暂时停车”，其同义词组还有pull over。题目问男士首先要做什么事情，B项refuel his car对应对话中男士提到的fill in the tank，二者都表示“给车加油”。故选B。

Conversation One

听力原文&译文

M: Well, did you enjoy it?

W: Yes, I enjoy it much more than I thought I would.

M: Really?

W: Yes, I don't usually go to science fiction films. I don't think they are much better than comics on film, if you know what I mean.

M: Yes, sure. And a few years ago, they were certainly like that.［19］But they've got a lot better now.

W: Yes, and historical films, that's what I really like. I never miss a good film set in the middle ages. Oh, and love stories, I never miss one on TV.

M: Funnily enough, I don't like those kinds of films at all. But to come back to this one, I personally didn't think it was very good. It certainly wasn't as good as other science fiction films I've seen.

W: Wasn't it?

M: No, not at all.［20］Oh, the effects were very good.

W: Yes, I thought they were marvelous, especially the battle in space, incredible.

M: Yes. But I was going to say I thought the acting was terrible.

W: Yes.［21］I suppose Jason was too good to be true. And what was the name of the baddy?

M: Kagan?

W: Yeah, Kagan was really evil, wasn't he? But I suppose that's what these films are all about—good triumphing over evil. And the characters have to be black and white.

M: Well, yes, but not always. War of the Worlds wasn't like that, for example. Anyway, you enjoyed the film. That's the most important.

W: Yes, I did. Thanks for taking me.

男：呃，你喜欢它吗？

女：是的，比想象的要喜欢得多。

男：真的吗？

女：是的，我通常不去看科幻电影。要是你能明白我说的意思的话，我觉得它们差不多就是电影形式的连环漫画。

男：是的，的确。几年前，确实是像那种情况。［19］但是它们现在已经好很多了。

女：是的，历史题材的电影，那才是我真正喜欢的。我从未错过一部以中世纪为背景的好电影。哦，还有爱情片，我从没错过电视上的任何一部爱情片。

男：真有意思，我一点也不喜欢那种电影。但是咱们回过头来说这部电影，我个人认为它不是很好。肯定没有我看过的其他科幻电影好看。

女：是吗？

男：是的，的确。［20］哦，但是特效很不错。

女：是的，我觉得非常棒，尤其是太空大战，让人难以置信。

男：是的，但我想说，我觉得表演方面太差了。

女：是的，［21］我觉得詹森这个角色好得不像是现实中的人物。那个反面角色叫什么名字？

男：卡根？

女：是的，卡根真的很邪恶，不是吗？但是我想，可能这就是此类电影的共同主题吧——正义战胜邪恶。角色必须是黑白分明的。

男：呃，是的，但也不是绝对的。例如，《世界大战》就不是那样的。不管怎样，你喜欢这部电影。这才是最重要的。

女：是的，我喜欢。谢谢你带我来看。

19. A) They are as good as historical films.

B) They give youngsters a thrill.

C) They have greatly improved.

D) They are better than comics on film.

Q: What does the man say about science fiction films?

A）它们和历史题材电影一样好看。

B）它们让年轻人感到兴奋。

C）它们已经有了很大的改善。

D）它们比电影形式的连环漫画好很多。

问：对于科幻电影，男士说了什么？

►听前预测：

①四项均以they开头。

②两项分别提到了一种类型的电影（historical films，comics on film）。

③三项含有表示比较意义的内容（as good as，improved，better than）。

结论：该题可能是将不同类型的电影进行比较，they可能指代除historical films和comics on film以外的其他某种类型的电影。听音时应先确定they的指代对象，然后根据对话内容作出进一步的判断。

►解析：题目问男士对科幻电影的看法如何。在对话的开头部分，当女士说她觉得科幻电影并没有比喜剧电影好太多时，男士说以前确实如此，但现在科幻电影已经变好了很多。由此可见，C项“它们（科幻电影）有了很大的改善”为正确答案。

20.  A) The effects were very good.

B) The acting was just so-so.

C) The plot was too complicated.

D) The characters were lifelike.

Q: What opinion do the speakers share about the film they have just seen?

A）特效很好。

B）表演一般。

C）情节过于复杂。

D）人物很真实。

问：对于刚看的这部电影，说话者都赞同什么观点？

►听前预测：

①四项均含有评价性词汇（good，just so-so，too complicated，lifelike）。

②三项的主语均为与电影有关的某项内容（acting，plot，characters）。

结论：由选项内容可以推测，该题可能考查对某部电影的评价。听音时需重点关注与电影效果、表演、剧本或人物有关的内容。

►解析：本题问两位说话人对刚刚看过的电影有什么共同的看法。对话中男士说，他认为这部电影不是很好，一点也不如自己看过的其他科幻电影，但是特效非常棒。女士对此表示赞同，她觉得那些特效美妙绝伦，尤其是太空大战，简直不可思议。由此可见，两位说话人的共同看法是特效非常好，故A项为正确答案。两人都认为表演很差劲，故可排除B；女士觉得贾森的角色好得不真实，而卡根又太过邪恶，故D项“人物很真实”也可排除。C项文中未提及。

21. A) They triumphed ultimately over evil in the battle.

B) They played the same role in War of the Worlds.

C) They are popular figures among young people.

D) They are two leading characters in the film.

Q: What to be learned about Jason and Kagan?

A）他们在战斗中最终战胜了邪恶。

B）他们在《世界大战》中扮演同一角色。

C）他们在年轻人中很受欢迎。

D）他们是影片中的两位主角。

问：关于杰森和卡根，我们可以了解到什么？

►听前预测：

①四项均以they开头。

②两项含有与电影角色有关的内容（role in War of the Worlds，leading characters in the film）。

结论：该题考查的内容可能与they的身份有关。由选项内容可以推测，they可能是某部电影中的角色。具体信息需要根据对话内容作出进一步的判断。

►解析：本题问关于贾森和卡根可以知道些什么。对话中女士提到，贾森的角色太正面了，以至于不够真实，而卡根又太过邪恶，但可能这类电影的主题就是这样——正义战胜邪恶，电影角色就应该既有正面的也有反面的。由此可知A项错误，D项正确。对话中确实提到了War of the Worlds，但并未提及贾森和卡根在其中扮演了同样的角色，故可排除B项；C项对话中并未提及，也可排除。

Conversation Two

听力原文&译文

M: Can I ask you about your evening class? What class do you go to?

W: Car maintenance.

M: What night of the week is it on?

W:［22］Wednesday night.

M: And how long does it last?

M: Well, it supposed to start at 6:00, but that's a bit of problem because people have difficulty getting through the traffic. So we start at 6:30 and then it goes on until 9 o'clock.

M: And what was your reason for wanting to do the class?

W:［23］Well, I just bought my first car and I don't know anything about cars. So I thought it was a good opportunity to learn. I guess most people in the class are in the same situation.

M: Um, and what do you actually do? Do you bring the car along to the class?

W: Yes, we do.［24］And in the first part of the lesson, the first half hour, the man who runs the class will go through some particular part of the car, and we'll learn about it. And then we spend the rest of the time actually working on our own cars, the same problem.

M: And how many people are there in the class?

W:［25］Mm, I think 16, but 3 quarters of them are women. It's quite interesting because the man is obviously used to teaching man. And he always starts his sentence by saying, "Wow, you chaps hello." And then he stops and says "Oh, and you women, ur, you ladies, but...ur..."

M: Huh huh... sounds funny.

男：我能问一下有关你夜校的问题吗？你上的是什么学习班？

女：汽车维修。

男：课程安排在周几的晚上？

女：［22］周三晚上。

男：课堂会持续多长时间？

女：呃，本来是在6点开始的，但那存在一点儿问题，因为人们很难克服交通困难。所以我们从6点半开始一直持续到9点钟。

男：那你为什么要上这个学习班呢？

女：［23］噢，我刚买了我的第一辆车，但是我对车一无所知。所以我想这是个学习的好机会。我估计大多数参加这个学习班的人都是这种情况。

男：呃，那你们实际上都做些什么呢？你们会把车带到课堂吗？

女：是的，我们会。［24］这个课程的第一部分，也就是头半个小时，老师会详细讲解汽车的某个特殊部件，然后剩下的时间我们会把所学的内容应用到我们自己的车上，就是那个相同的问题。

男：班上一共有多少人上课？

女：［25］哦，我想是16个，但是四分之三都是女性。这很有意思，因为这个男老师显然习惯于教男性。他总是这样开场：“哇，你们这些家伙，大家好啊。”然后，他停下来又接着说：“哦，还有你们这些女人，女士们，但是……呃啊……”

男：呵呵，听起来很滑稽。

22. A) It is scheduled on Thursday night.

B) It is supposed to last nine weeks.

C) It takes place once a week.

D) It usually starts at six.

Q: What does the woman say about her evening class?

A）它被安排在周四晚上。

B）它应当持续9周。

C）它每周一次。

D）它通常6点开始。

问：关于她晚上的学习班，女士说了什么？

►听前预测：

①四项均以it开头。

②四项均含有表示时间的内容（Thursday night，nine weeks，once a week，at six）。

结论：该题可能是与it有关的时间问题，具体是所安排的日期、持续的时间、发生的频率还是开始的时间点，需要根据听音内容作出进一步的判断。

►解析：该题问关于夜校女士说了些什么。在对话开头，男士问汽车保养班开设在周几的晚上，女士回答说在周三晚上，故A项可排除；接着男士又问每节课多长时间，女士说课本来是从6点开始，但是人们因为交通拥堵很难按时到达，所以从6:30开始，故D项错误，也可排除；B项文中未提及。故正确答案为C项。

23. A) To make good use of her spare time in the evening.

B) To meet the requirements of her in-service training.

C) To improve her driving skills as quickly as possible.

D) To get some basic knowledge about car maintenance.

Q: Why did the woman want to attend the class?

A）为了充分利用她晚上的业余时间。

B）为了满足她在职培训的需求。

C）为了尽快提高她的驾驶技能。

D）为了获得关于汽车维修的基本知识。

问：女士为什么想参加这个学习班？

►听前预测：

①四项均以动词不定式开头，由此可推知该题考查目的。

②三项提到了her。

③两项含有与汽车有关的词汇（driving skills，car maintenance）。

结论：该题可能考查女士做某事的目的，而所做的事情可能与汽车有关。听音时应关注与汽车有关的词汇。

►解析：当男士问女士为什么想要上汽车保养班时，女士说她只是因为自己刚买了第一辆车，但对车又一窍不通，所以觉得报汽车保养班进行学习是个很好的机会，故D项为正确答案。

24. A) Participate in group discussions.

B) Take turns to make presentations.

C) Listen to the teacher's explanation.

D) Answer the teacher's questions.

Q: What do the people who attend the class do in the first part of the lesson?

A）参加集体讨论。

B）轮流发言。

C）听老师讲解。

D）回答老师的问题。

问：上课的人在课程的第一部分要做什么？

►听前预测：

①四项均以动词原形开头。

②四项中均含有与课堂活动相关的词汇（group discussions，make presentations，listen to the teacher's explanation，answer the teacher's questions）。

结论：该题考查的内容可能与某个具体的课堂活动内容有关，具体是小组讨论、做陈述、听老师讲解还是回答老师的问题，需要根据听音内容作出进一步的判断。

►解析：本题问上汽车保养课的人在课程的第一阶段做什么。对话中女士提到，在课程的第一阶段，也就是前半个小时，组织这个课的人会详细地讲解汽车的某个特殊的部件，学员进行学习。四项中只有C项“听老师的讲解”与这一意思一致，故为正确答案。

25.  A) Most of them are female.

B) Some have a part-time job.

C) They plan to buy a new car.

D) A few of them are old chaps.

Q: What do we learn about the participants in the class?

A）他们当中大部分是女性。

B）一些人有兼职工作。

C）他们计划买辆新车。

D）他们当中有一些是老年人。

问：关于参加学习班的人，我们能了解到什么？

►听前预测：

①两项含有them，一项含有they。

②两项含有与性别有关的词（female，chaps）。

结论：该题的选项均是对they的描述，可能考查they的性别。听音时应先弄清楚they的指代对象，并将听音重点放在female、part-time job、buy a new car和old chaps上。

►解析：本题问关于课程参与者我们知道些什么。在对话的最后，当男士问班上共有多少人时，女士说有16人，但其中四分之三都是女性，故可知答案为A项。其他三项文中均未提及，都可排除。

Section B

Passage One

听力原文&译文

We don't choose friends on the basis of how much money they have, of course. But vast differences can be disturbing to both sides. Aaron, for example, is single, and earns a very good salary.［26］Her friend, Pat, a divorced mother of three, is struggling to make ends meet.［27］"We are both frequent theater goers," Aaron explains, "and I gladly pay for two tickets, just to have Pat's company at plays and concerts, but she won't go anywhere unless she can pay her own way. I hate to go alone, so we both stay home. It all seems so silly." Pat sees the situation differently. After an unhappy marriage to a man who tried to control her without considering her wishes and feelings, she says, "It's very important to me to carry my own weight. I'm not comfortable in any relationship where all I do is take."

The difficult situation finally changed when Aaron moved recently. Pat's children were with their father, so she took a picnic lunch to her friend's new place, then spent the day helping her unpack and get settled. "I was so grateful," Aarons says,［28］"but I persuaded Pat to let me return the favor in my own way with season tickets to our little theater group.［29］I think she's beginning to recognize that she contributes as much to our friendship as I do."

诚然，我们并非根据一个人有多少钱来选择朋友。但是双方巨大的差异可能会影响彼此。举个例子，亚伦单身，薪资丰厚。［26］她的朋友帕特，一位带着三个孩子的离异母亲，勉强维持着生计。［27］“我们俩都是经常去剧院看演出的人”，亚伦说道，“我愿意出钱买两张票，就为了帕特能陪我一起去看戏剧，听音乐会。但是如果付不起自己的那份钱，话她就不会去任何地方。我又讨厌自己出门，所以我们只好都待在家里。这看起来多荒唐啊。”帕特对这种情况却有不同的看法。她经历过一段并不愉快的婚姻，她的丈夫企图控制她的一切，不顾她的愿望和感受，离婚之后她说：“对我自己的事情负责很重要。身处于任何一段我所能做的就是被动接受的关系之中，我会感到不自在。”

当最近亚伦搬家时，这种难处理的情况终于发生了改变。帕特的孩子和爸爸在一起，她于是就带了便当到亚伦的新住处，然后花了一天的时间帮她收拾屋子，将一切布置妥当。“我很感激她所做的一切”，亚伦说，［28］“但我说服帕特允许我用我自己方式来还这份人情——由我来买我们这个剧场小团体的季票。［29］我觉得她开始意识到，她为我们的友谊所作的贡献和我一样多。”

整体预测

快速浏览各题选项，根据其中的关键词汇making friends、well off、company、alone、similar、common和income等推测，该短文可能与交朋友以及朋友的性格特征有关，会提及一个叫Pat的人，具体细节需要进一步分析各个选项。

26. A) She is not good at making friends.

B) She is not well off.

C) She enjoys company.

D) She likes to go to concerts alone.

Q: What do we learn about Pat?

A）她不擅长交友。

B）她不富裕。

C）她喜欢有人陪伴。

D）她喜欢独自去听音乐会。

问：关于帕特，我们能了解到什么？

►解题思路：

①四项均以she开头。

②四项均为一般现在时态的句子，其中两项含有表示喜欢的词（enjoys，likes）。

③一项提及交朋友（making friends），一项提及陪伴（company），一项提及独自一个人（alone）。

结论：本题考查某位女士的某种特征，可能与她交朋友的习惯有关。听音时应先辨别she的指代对象。

►解析：题目问关于Pat我们知道什么。短文在第一次提到Pat时说：“她的朋友，帕特，是一位离婚妈妈，有三个孩子，如今她正在努力使收支平衡。”make ends meet这一习语表示“使收支相抵，勉强养家糊口”，意味着经济条件很差，需要量入为出。B项中的is not well off意为“不富裕，经济条件不好”，与短文中的描述相吻合，故为正确答案。其他三项短文均未提及。解答此题需要理解两个习语，难度较高。

27. A) Their similar social status.

B) Their interdependence.

C) Their common interest.

D) Their identical character.

Q: What draws Aaron and Pat together?

A）她们相似的社会地位。

B）她们的相互依赖性。

C）她们共同的兴趣。

D）她们相同的性格。

问：是什么使亚伦和帕特关系密切？

►解题思路：四项均为以their开头的名词短语，分别为：他（她）们相似的社会地位、相互的依赖、共同的兴趣以及相同的性情。similar、common和identical都是表示相近或相同的形容词，因此需要留意短文中提到的两个人的共同点。根据已知信息来看，they很可能是指Pat和她的朋友。

►解析：题目问是什么使艾伦和帕特关系密切，也就是问是什么使她们成为朋友。艾伦说道：“We are both frequent theatergoers.（我们两个人都常去剧院）”。去剧院看表演是一种兴趣爱好，故选C。

28. A) Invite Pat to a live concert.

B) Buy some gifts for Pat's kids.

C) Help take care of Pat's kids.

D) Pay for Pat's season tickets.

Q: What does Aaron do to return Pat's favor?

A）邀请帕特去听现场音乐会。

B）为帕特的孩子买了些礼物。

C）帮忙照顾帕特的孩子。

D）为帕特买季票。

问：亚伦是以什么举动回报帕特的帮助的？

►解题思路：

①四项均以动词原形开头，应留意与动作、行为有关的信息。

②四项均提及Pat，其中两项提及Pat's kids。

③四项均表示对Pat的某种帮助或好意（invite，buy...for...，help，pay for）。

结论：本题考查另一个人对帕特的帮助或好意，这个人很可能是她的朋友。听音时还应留意是否提及帕特的孩子。

►解析：题目问为了还帕特的人情，艾伦做了什么事。短文在近结尾处提到，帕特带着吃的去了艾伦的新家，并且帮她拆包、收拾东西，作为回报，艾伦劝说帕特收下了剧院演出的季票，而之前，帕特总是坚持自己付钱买票。D项与短文描述相符，且season tickets为关键词复现，故选D。

29.  A) It can develop between people with a big difference in income.

B) It can be maintained among people of different age groups.

C) It cannot last long without similar family background.

D) It cannot be sustained when friends move far apart.

Q: What do we learn about friendship from the passage?

A）它能在收入悬殊的人之间发展。

B）不同年龄段的人之间可以维系它。

C）没有相似的家庭背景，它难以持久。

D）当朋友双方距离很远时，它无法维系。

问：关于友谊，我们可以从本文中了解到什么？

►解题思路：

①四项均以it开头，其中两项后接can，两项后接cannot。

②三项含有与持续、维持有关的词（maintained，last，sustained）。

③两项提及差别（difference，different），一项提及相似之处（similar）。

结论：it很可能指代“友情”，可能是问什么因素有利于友情的维系。

►解析：题目问从这篇短文中我们能够得知关于友情的什么信息。短文主要叙述的是艾伦与帕特这一对朋友之间发生的事情，帕特的经济条件不如艾伦，但尽管生活艰苦，她仍然拒绝让艾伦替她买戏剧票，总是坚持自己付钱。最近，情况有了转变，当艾伦搬到新家后，帕特带着吃的去拜访，并且帮她拆包、收拾东西，作为回报，艾伦劝说帕特收下了剧院演出的季票。艾伦说：“我想她已经开始意识到，她为我们的友谊作出的贡献和我一样多。”这说明，只要两个人都愿意为他们之间的友情作出贡献，即使收入水平差距很大，也能发展友情。本题选A，其他三项均无法从短文中找到依据。

Passage Two

听力原文&译文

Sun School, in the town of Ashburton, England, is a day school for children aged 10 to 18.［30］It is based on the value of social equality between students and staff, and has few rules. Sun School believes that the healthy growth of a child is more important than academic success. It offers a variety of lessons and activities for students to choose from, and free time for children to follow their own interests. Classes are small, and based on the individual needs of each child.［31］The timetable is fixed, but democratically decided and students are expected to attend. The weekly school meeting is at the center of the way Sun School is organized. It mixes all the decisions that affect the school, including rules, the timetable and accepting or rejecting new students and teachers.［31］Participating in these meetings gives the children an understanding of democratic decision-making and helps them develop their skills of argument and persuasion. The most important advantage of the school meeting is that it shows the children that the school is really theirs. They have the right to decide on changes. And the school's success or failure depends on their decisions and their behavior. Sun School employs no cooking or cleaning staff. These jobs are done by the students and teachers. Decorating and simple repairs are also done by the students.［32］It is believed that for the school to truly belong to those who use it, they must take responsibility for its maintenance.

英格兰阿什伯顿小镇的太阳学校是一所走读学校，为年龄为10岁到18岁的孩子而设立。［30］基于学生与教职员工之间社会平等的理念，该校拥有很少的规矩。太阳学校认为孩子的健康成长比学业成就更重要。学校为学生们提供了丰富多样的可供选择的课程和活动，还让孩子们有闲暇时间追求自己的兴趣爱好。班级的规模很小，注重每个孩子的个人需求。［31］课程表是固定的，但由民主的形式确定，学生必须要上这些课。学校每周的会议是太阳学校组织日常工作的中心环节。所有影响学校的决定，如校规、课程表以及接收或拒收新生和老师等，都是在这里产生的。［31］参加这些会议能够让孩子们对民主决策有所了解，并帮助他们培养辩论和说服他人的能力。学校会议最大的好处就是它向孩子们表明学校真的是他们自己的。他们有权决定各种变动，学校的成功和失败与他们的决定和举动息息相关。太阳学校没有雇用厨师和保洁人员。这些工作都是由学生和老师来完成的。装饰和简单的维修也是由学生来做的。［32］太阳学校认为，要想使学校真正属于那些使用它的人，这些人就必须承担起维修护理的职责。

整体预测

快速浏览各题选项，根据其中的关键词students、academic、education和teachers等推测，该短文可能与教学有关，第30题可能考查某种优点，第31题可能考查特点，第32题可能考查目的，应留意相关信息。

30. A) Priority of students' academic achievements.

B) Equal education opportunities to all children.

C) Social equality between teachers and students.

D) Respect for students' individuality.

Q: What value is Sun School based on?

A）学生的学业成就优先。

B）所有孩子平等接受教育的机会。

C）老师和学生之间的社会平等。

D）对学生个性的尊重。

问：太阳学校基于什么样的价值观？

►解题思路：

①四项均为名词短语，问题可能以what开头。

②四项均与教育有关（students，academic achievements，education opportunities，teachers）。

③四项均表示某种优点或长处（priority of...academic achievements，equal...opportunities，equality，respect for...individuality）。

结论：该题考查的内容可能与某个事物在教育方面的优点有关。听音时应留意相关内容。

►解析：题目问Sun School是基于什么样的价值观。关键词based on出现在原文开头，第二句提到，它（太阳学校）是基于“学生与教职工享有平等的社会地位”这一价值观。原文中说的是social equality between students and staff，C项中将staff替换成了teachers，其余信息均与短文表述吻合，故为正确答案。

31. A) Efficient.

B) Complicated.

C) Lengthy.

D) Democratic.

Q: What is characteristic of the school's decision-making process?

A）高效。

B）复杂。

C）冗长。

D）民主。

问：该校决策过程存在什么特点？

►解题思路：四项均为形容词，分别为：有效率的、复杂的、冗长的、民主的，词汇的感情色彩不同，但都可用于回答事物具有哪种特征。听音时应注意辨别是问哪种事物。

►解析：题目问太阳学校决策制定的过程具有什么样的特点。讲话者介绍道：时间表是固定的，但是是民主决策的结果……每周一次的学校大会是太阳学校主要的组织形式。它融合了一切会对学校产生影响的决策，包括规章制度、时间表、对新学生和新教师的接纳与拒绝。参与这些会议能使学生对民主决策有所理解，并且帮助他们培养辩论和说服别人的才能。结合democratically decided和democratic decision-making这两个关键短语以及讲话者的介绍，我们能够推知太阳学校的决策过程明显具有民主的特点。故选D。

32. A) To help them acquire hands-on experience.

B) To try to cut down its operational expenses.

C) To provide part-time jobs for needy students.

D) To enable them to learn to take responsibility.

Q: Why does Sun School ask students to do its maintenance?

A）为了帮助他们获得实践经验。

B）为了尽量减少运营费用。

C）为有需要的学生提供兼职工作。

D）为了使他们学会担当责任。

问：为什么太阳学校让学生们做学校的维修保养工作？

►解题思路：

①四项均为以to开头的不定式状语，表目的。

②四项均含有表示积极意义的动词（help，try，provide，enable）。

③两项含有them，一项含有students，再结合acquire和learn推测，them指代的是学生。

结论：本题考查做某事的目的，可能是某事对于学生有何益处。

►解析：题目问为什么太阳学校让学生负责学校的日常维修。太阳学校的办学理念是学生就是学校的主人。讲话者提到，该学校不雇用厨师和清洁工，这些工作都是由学生和教师完成的，校园装饰和简单维修也都由学生来做，对于一座真正属于其使用者的学校来说，这些使用者必须负责学校的日常维修。可见学校的目的是让学生以主人翁的精神来爱护自己的学校，D项中的take responsibility为关键词的原词复现，故选D。讲话者并没有提到学校的这项决策与亲身经历、运营成本和勤工俭学有何关联。

Passage Three

听力原文&译文

［33］Well, to continue, as I mentioned earlier, there is also research that demonstrates that individuals perform worse, not better on tasks when other people are there. R.W. Harbert did an interesting experiment. He had his subjects learn a finger maze. This is a game in which you indicate with your finger the way through a complex system of passages or paths. The subjects who had an audience did worse than the subjects who did alone.

Now how can we explain these very different results? It seemed very confusing for a long time. Social psychologist, John Roberts, finally cleared up the confusion about why people sometimes perform better and sometimes worse in front of an audience.［34］Roberts found that the presence of an audience facilitates what you already know how to do. That is, if you know what you are doing, having an audience helps you do it better. But if you don't already know how to do something, you will probably make some mistakes and you will make mistakes for a longer time if you have an audience. That's exactly what happened to the subjects who were learning the finger maze.

So, if you were doing well, having an audience increases the chances that you will continue to do well. If you were doing badly, having an audience increases the chances that you will continue to do badly.［35］Roberts cleverly pointed out that when you are first learning something, you are better off working alone than practicing with other people.

［33］好，我们继续，正如我之前提到的，也有研究证明，当有其他人在场时，个人在完成任务时会表现得更糟糕而不是更好。R.W.哈伯特做过一个有趣的实验。他让研究对象学习玩手指迷宫游戏。在这个游戏中，你需要用手指指出穿过一段复杂的通道或道路系统的路径。跟单独操作的人相比，有一位观众在场的实验者表现得更糟糕。

那现在我们如何解释这些不同的结果呢？这似乎让人困惑很久了。社会心理学家约翰·罗伯茨最终澄清了这一谜团，即为什么有人在场时人们表现时好时坏。［34］罗伯茨发现，观众的存在有助于你做你已经知道该如何去做的事情。也就是说，如果你知道你在做什么，有观众在场能让你做得更好。但是如果你不知道该怎样做某件事，你就很可能会犯些错误，而且，如果有观众在场，你犯错的时间会更长。这就是发生在学习玩手指迷宫游戏的实验者身上的现象。

因此，如果你做得很好，有观众在场会增加你继续做好的机会。如果你做得很差，有观众在场会增加你继续犯错的机会。［35］罗伯茨很清楚地指出，当你第一次学习做某件事时，最好一个人进行而不是和大家一起来做。

整体预测

快速浏览各题选项，根据其中的关键词audience、psychology、human behavior和other people等推测，该短文可能与人的行为和心理有关，可能涉及观众以及其他人等概念。具体细节需要进一步分析各个选项。

33. A) The best way to work through a finger maze.

B) Individuals doing better in front of an audience.

C) Researchers having contributed greatly to psychology.

D) Improvements on the classification of human behavior.

Q: What did the speaker probably discuss before coming to this part of the talk?

A）完成手指迷宫游戏最好的方式。

B）在观众面前做得更好的个人。

C）为心理学做出了重大贡献的研究人员。

D）人类行为归类的完善。

问：在进入这部分谈话之前，说话者最可能谈论的是什么？

►解题思路：

①四项均为名词短语，问题可能以what开头。

②四项的核心词汇分别为最佳方式、个人、研究者、改进，相互之间的关联度不高。

结论：本题为本篇短文的第一题，可能考查讨论的话题。

►解析：题目问的并不是本篇短文的话题，而是讲话者在进行这段阐述之前可能讲了什么内容，此类问题的答题线索往往在短文的开头处。短文第一句提到：好，我们接着讲。正如我之前提到的，也有研究表明，一个人在有他人在场的时候，常常会表现得更糟，而不是更好。worse和not better暗示之前讲话者所说的内容应该是“一个人在有他人在场的时候，常常会表现得更好”。故选B。

34. A) When you feel encouraged by the audience.

B) When you try to figure out a confusing game.

C) When you already know how to do something.

D) When you complete with other people in a group.

Q: When does the presence of an audience facilitate your performance according to Roberts?

A）当你受到观众鼓舞时。

B）当你试图弄清一个令人困惑的游戏时。

C）当你已经知道如何做某件事时。

D）当你在一个小组中与其他人竞争时。

问：根据罗伯茨的观点，什么时候面对观众可以表现得更好？

►解题思路：

①四项均以when you开头，表明事情发生的时间条件。

②两项涉及观众以及其他人（audience，other people）。

结论：本题可能涉及某种情境对人与他人关系的影响，要特别留意时间条件。

►解析：题目问根据罗伯茨的观点，什么时候观众的存在会帮助你表现得更好。可以在短文中部的人名处找到答题线索。约翰·罗伯茨是一名社会心理学家，他解开了为什么人们在观众面前有时表现好，有时表现差这一难题。他发现，当你已经知道该做什么，也就是你知道自己在做什么的时候，观众能帮助你表现得更好。这段论述的关键词是you already know how to do，对应C项，故选C。

35. A) Practicing constantly.

B) Working by oneself.

C) Learning by doing.

D) Using proven methods.

Q: What does Roberts think is a better way to learn new things?

A）不断练习。

B）独自做。

C）在做的过程中学习。

D）采用已验证过的方法。

问：罗伯茨认为学习新东西更好的方法是什么？

►解题思路：四项均为以动名词开头的短语，分别为：不断练习、独立工作、通过行动来学习、使用已被证实的方法。听音重点为constantly、by oneself、doing和proven。

►解析：罗伯茨提到，如果你不知道自己在做什么，也就是准备不充分的话，你很可能就会犯错，而当有观众在场的时候，这种犯错会持续更长的时间。因此他建议，如果你是第一次学做某件事，开始时最好先独立练习，而不是和其他人一起练习。B项中的working by oneself是对短文中提到的working alone的同义转述，故选B。

Section C

听力原文&译文

Americans today have different eating habits than they had in the past. There is a wide［36］selection of food available. They have a broader［37］knowledge of nutrition (营养), so they buy more fresh fruit and［38］vegetables than ever before. At the same time, Americans［39］purchase increasing quantities of sweets and sodas.

Statistics show that the way people live［40］determines the way they eat. American lifestyles have changed. There are now growing numbers of people who live alone,［41］single parents and children, and double-income families. These changing lifestyles are［42］responsible for the increasing number of people who must［43］rush meals or sometimes simply go without them. Many Americans have less time than ever before to spend preparing food.［44］Partly as a consequence of this limited time, over half of all American homes now have microwave ovens. Moreover, Americans eat out nearly four times a week on average.

It is easy to study the amounts and kinds of food that people consume.［45］The United States Department of Agriculture and the food industry collect sales statistics and keep accurate records. This information not only tells us what people are eating, but also tells us about the changes in attitudes and tastes.［46］Red meat, which used to be the most popular choice for dinner, is no longer an American favorite. Instead, chicken, turkey, and fish have become more popular. Sales of these foods have greatly increased in recent years.

和过去相比，如今的美国人拥有不同的饮食习惯。可供［36］选择的食物极为丰富。他们具备了更加广博的营养［37］知识，所以他们比以往购买更多的水果和［38］蔬菜。与此同时，美国人［39］购买的糖果和碳酸饮料也越来越多。

统计数据显示，人们的生活方式［40］决定他们的饮食习惯。美国人的生活方式已经改变了。现在有越来越多的人独居，越来越多的［41］单亲父母带着孩子独自生活，双收入家庭也越来越多。这些不断变化的生活方式要为一类美国人数量的不断攀升［42］负责——他们必须［43］匆匆忙忙地吃饭，或者有时干脆不吃了事。很多美国人花在做饭上面的时间比原来少了。［44］现在，一半以上的美国家庭都拥有微波炉，这要部分归咎于这种时间的有限性。而且，美国人平均每星期有将近四次的时间是在外面吃的。

研究一下人们所吃食物的数量和种类并不困难。［45］美国农业部和食品产业收集销售统计数据，并制作精确记录。这一信息不仅让我们了解到人们正在吃些什么，而且能让我们知道人们的态度和品味的变化。［46］牛羊肉过去曾是人们正餐最受欢迎的选择，但现在它们已经不再是美国人的最爱了。相反，鸡肉、火鸡和鱼肉变得更加受人欢迎。近年来，这些食物的销售量得到了极大的增加。

Part IV　Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)

Section A

对于美国数百万的青少年来说，速食午餐和晚餐中最棒的部分就是吃着炸薯条，再灌下一杯汽水。但是，随着人们日渐［48］关注速食对儿童肥胖症的影响，［47］根据健康专家的建议，有19家餐饮公司正在承诺将为孩子们提供更加健康的可供选择的菜单。

比如说汉堡王，美国第二大快餐连锁店，将从本月起［49］停止自动在儿童套餐中夹带售卖炸薯条和汽水，尽管它们还是［50］可以（单独）购买的。相反，该公司在周二时声称，它们的店员会在配餐前主动询问家长是否［51］更喜欢诸如牛奶或苹果片之类的食物。“我们会让顾客［52］指定自己想要吃的东西。”该连锁店政府关系部门的副总经理克雷格·普鲁舍说。其他参与其中的连锁店，包括Denny's，Chili's，Friendly's和Chevy's餐厅，也推出了［53］各式各样可供选择的菜单。

“让孩子生活更美好”活动预计周三［54］在全国范围内公之于众，作为该活动的一部分，参与此活动的餐厅必须保证提供至少一种热量低于600卡路里的儿童餐，不含软饮料，并且至少包含以下食物组合中的两［55］项：水果、蔬菜、全麦食品、瘦肉蛋白或低脂乳制品。其他要求还包括这些餐厅必须提供一道符合类似［56］标准的配菜，热量不得超过200卡路里，并且来自糖的卡路里不得超过总热量35％。

47. N

语法判断：空格前为连词but，空格后为名词短语a cue from health experts，该句的后半句句子成分完整，前半句充当主句部分的伴随状语，可知此处应填入现在分词。

语意判断：符合语法条件的选项有recommending和taking。recommending意为“建议；推荐”，无法与a cue搭配。taking a cue from是固定搭配，意为“根据……的建议；按照……的指点”，放在句子中意为“根据健康专家的建议”。故选N。

48. D

语法判断：该空所在的句子是when引导的定语从句，修饰先行词time。空格前为关系副词when，空格后是is growing over...，可知此处缺少一个主语。由于谓语动词是单数is，所以此处应填入一个单数名词。

语意判断：符合语法条件的选项有concern、species和variety。concern意为“关心；顾虑”，species意为“物种，种”，variety意为“种类，多样性”。根据句意可知，此处作者想要表达的是“随着人们日渐关注速食对儿童肥胖症的影响”，只有concern符合句意。故选D。

49. M

语法判断：空格前为助动词will，空格后为automatically including，可知此处应填入一个可接doing的动词原形。

语意判断：符合语法条件的动词有begin、prefer和stop。begin doing sth.意为“开始做某事”，prefer doing sth.意为“宁愿做某事”，stop doing sth.意为“停止做某事”。根据上下文可知，一些餐饮公司正在致力于为儿童提供更加健康的可选菜单，而炸薯条和汽水都属于不健康的食物，所以可知此处应该表示“停止自动在儿童套餐中夹带售卖炸薯条和汽水”，stop符合题意。故选M。

50. B

语法判断：空格前是系动词be，推断此处应填入形容词。

语意判断：符合语法条件的有available、nationwide和possible。available意为“可用的，可获得的”，nationwide意为“全国范围的”，possible意为“可能的”。根据上下文可知，此处作者想要表达的意思是，快餐店仍然有炸薯条和汽水可供购买。available表示“可获得的”，符合句意，故选B。

51. I

语法判断：空格前是代词they，空格后是名词短语such options，可知空格处应填入及物动词。

语意判断：符合语法条件的选项较多，有adapt、begin、concern、prefer和specify。adapt意为“使适应；改编”，begin意为“开始”，concern意为“涉及，关系到”，prefer意为“宁愿；更喜欢”，specify意为“指定；详述”。根据上下文可知，此句要表达的是店员会在配餐前主动询问家长是否更喜欢牛奶或苹果片，五个选项中只有prefer更切合文意，故选I。

52. L

语法判断：空格前是介词to，空格后是宾语从句，可知此处应填入一个及物动词。

语意判断：符合语法条件的选项还有adapt（使适应）、begin（开始）、concern（涉及）和specify（指定）。此句意为“我们会让顾客______自己想要吃的东西”，将四个动词分别填入空格中，只有specify符合句意，表示“让顾客指定自己想要吃的东西”，故选L。

53. O

语法判断：空格前是不定冠词a，空格后是of，可知此处应填入一个单数名词。

语意判断：符合语法条件的名词还有species和variety。species是单复数同形的名词，意为“物种，种”，variety意为“种类，多样性”。a variety of是固定搭配，表示“各种各样的”，放在句中意为“其他参与其中的连锁店也推出了各式各样可供选择的菜单”，故选O。

54. G

语法判断：expected to be announced ______ Wednesday在句中作插入语，是一个省略了which is的非限制性定语从句，修饰其前面的Kids Live Well campaign。该从句句子成分完整，可知此处应填副词。

语意判断：符合语法条件的只有nationwide。nationwide意为“在全国”，在句中作状语，说明此项声明发表的范围。此处意为“预计在周三在全国范围内公布这项运动”。故选G。

55. F

语法判断：空格前为two，空格后为from the following food groups，可知此处应为复数名词。

语意判断：符合条件的名词选项有criteria、items和species。items意为“条目；项目”，criteria意为“标准”，species意为“物种，种”。分别将三个词代入句中，只有two items from the following food groups讲得通，意为“以下食物组合中的两项”。故选F。

56. E

语法判断：空格前为形容词similar，可知此处应填入名词，并且可以和meet搭配，作meet的宾语。

语意判断：符合语法条件的只有criteria一项。meet criteria为常用搭配，意为“符合标准”。根据上下文可知，此处要表达的是“这些餐厅提供的配菜必须满足类似的标准”。故选E。

Section B

Passage One

正如你可能意识到的一样，最近的就业市场不景气：失业率仍高于9％，而新工作的增长率几乎已经降低为零。毋庸置疑，这对于经济来说很糟糕。而且，如果你现在碰巧正在找工作或者希望换个职业的话，这种情况可能就尤其令人沮丧。［57］但是事实上，它对你的影响根本没有你想象得那么大。

［58］这是因为工作增长的数量对求职者的影响并不像人员更替数据的影响那样大。毕竟，由于升职、辞职、解雇和退休，现有的工作岗位每天都会产生新的空缺。（是的，即使在如今这种经济状况下，也有人退休。）［58］无论是经济繁荣时期还是经济衰退时期，人员更替带来的职位空缺都比经济增长带来的多。即使在2007年的6月，当经济仍在发展的时候，工作数量的增长只有13.2万，而人员更替带来的职位数量则为470万！

而且事实上，即使在工作数量几乎为零增长的今天，每个月仍有400多万的求职者被雇用。

［59］我并不是暗示整体的就业增长对一个人能否找到工作没有影响。的确，如果就业总数增多，这意味着我们所有人有更多的工作可以选择（以及为此竞争）。而且，目前每一个可获得的职位空缺，无论它是新开设的岗位还是别人离职后空缺出来的，都的确有更多的人去申请。

［59］［60］但是那些能够获得工作的人和无法获得工作的人的区别通常在于能否一直保持积极性。能获得工作的人始终愿意努力确认自己所拥有的宝贵技能，对去哪里找工作和如何找工作有着创造性的想法，会去学习如何向潜在雇主展现自己，即使屡遭拒绝还是会一直坚持下去。［61］美国劳工统计局的数据表明，270万想要并且可以找工作的人在过去的四周之内并没有找工作，他们甚至已经不被归类为失业者。

所以，不要上那些头条新闻的当而放弃找工作。在美国，每个月有400万人受雇。你也可以是其中之一。

【说明文：能否找到工作主要取决于求职者的就业积极性】

第1段：提出就业市场的确不景气，但它对求职者的影响也许没有想象中大。

第2～3段：解释原因，无论经济状况如何，人员更替带来的职位空缺都比经济增长带来的多。

第4～5段：工作总量的增加对个人能否获得工作的确有影响，但是否能找到工作的根本在于求职者能否一直保持积极性。

第6段：重申观点：不要因为就业市场不景气而放弃找工作。只要坚持，一定会找到工作。

57. The author tends to believe that high unemployment rate ______.

A) deprives many people of job opportunities

B) prevents many people from changing careers

C) should not stop people from looking for a job

D) does not mean the U.S. economy is worsening

作者倾向于认为高失业率______。

A）剥夺了许多人的就业机会

B）阻止许多人转行

C）不应该阻碍人们找工作

D）并不意味着美国经济正在恶化

►定位：根据题干关键词high unemployment rate和出题顺序与文章顺序基本一致的原则可以将答案定位到文章第一段。

►解析：本题考查作者的观点。第一段第一句就提到了就业市场不景气。文章中的the latest job markets news isn't good与题干中的high unemployment rate表达的意思相同。第一段接下来的几句都是对第一句的进一步阐释，指出就业市场不景气所带来的负面影响。最后一句用but转折指出，“但是事实上，它对你的影响根本没有你想象得那么大”。it指的就是就业市场不景气的状况。再结合后文可知，作者认为即使现在失业率较高，人们只要保持积极性，还是可以找到工作的。选项C“高失业率不应该阻碍人们找工作”与作者的观点一致，故为答案。选项B和D文中没有提及，很容易排除。选项A看似符合常理，但却不是作者的观点，故也排除。

58. Where do most job openings come from?

A) Job growth.

B) Job turnover.

C) Improved economy.

D) Business expansion.

大部分职位空缺来自于何处？

A）就业增长。

B）人员更替。

C）经济改善。

D）业务扩张。

►定位：根据题干关键词most job openings可以将答案定位到文章第二段。

►解析：本题问大部分职位空缺从哪里来。由第二段第一句“……工作增长的数量对求职者的影响并不像人员更替数据的影响那样大”和第四句“无论是经济繁荣时期还是经济衰退时期，人员更替带来的职位空缺都比经济增长带来的多”可知，无论经济状况如何，人员更替都会带来更多的职位空缺，故选B。

59. What does the author say about overall job growth?

A) It doesn't have much effect on individual job seekers.

B) It increases people's confidence in the economy.

C) It gives a ray of hope to the unemployed.

D) It doesn't mean greater job security for the employed.

作者对于总体就业增长有何表述？

A）它对个体求职者并没有多大影响。

B）它增强了人们对于经济的信心。

C）它给失业者带来了一线希望。

D）它对于受雇人员来说，并不意味着工作更加稳定。

►定位：根据题干关键词overall job growth可以将答案定位到文章第四段第一句。

►解析：本题问作者对于工作总量的增长持什么看法。第四段第一句指出“我不是暗示整体的就业增长对一个人能否找到工作没有影响”，也就是说，作者认为工作总量的增长对个人能否找到工作有一定的作用。但根据下文可知，工作总量的增长虽然提供了更多机会，但同时也加大了竞争，而能否找到工作的根本原因在于求职者能否保持积极性。所以工作总量的增长对求职者的影响不大，故选项A正确。B、C、D三项文中均未提及，故排除。

60. What is the key to landing a job according to the author?

A) Education.

B) Intelligence.

C) Persistence.

D) Experience.

根据作者的观点，谋得职位的关键是什么？

A）教育。

B）智力。

C）坚持。

D）经验。

►定位：根据题干关键词the key to landing a job可将答案定位到倒数第二段第一句。

►解析：本题问作者认为找工作的关键是什么。倒数第二段第一句指出，“但是那些能够获得工作的人和无法获得工作的人的区别通常在于能否一直保持积极性。”能否保持积极性也就是能否一直积极地找工作，下文具体说明了能够找到工作的人所具有的特点，最后一点是“即使屡遭拒绝还是会一直坚持下去”。由此可知，作者认为找工作的关键在于坚持，故选项C正确。A、B、D三项在找工作中看似都很重要，但不是作者的观点，故排除。

61. What do we learn from the passage about the unemployment figures in the U.S.?

A) They clearly indicate how healthy the economy is.

B) They provide the public with the latest information.

C) They warn of the structural problems in the economy.

D) They exclude those who have stopped looking for a job.

从这篇文章中，我们可以了解到有关美国失业数据的什么信息？

A）它们清楚地表明经济有多么健康。

B）它们给公众提供最新信息。

C）它们警告经济中的结构性问题。

D）它们将那些已停止找工作的人排除在外。

►定位：根据题干关键词unemployment figures in the U.S.可以将答案定位到文章倒数第二段最后一句。题干中的unemployment figures in the U.S.与原文中的the Bureau of Labor Statistics data为同义转述。

►解析：倒数第二段最后一句指出，“美国劳工统计局的数据表明，270万想要并且可以找工作的人在过去的四周之内并没有找工作，他们甚至已经不被归类为失业者”。也就是说美国的失业数据中将那些停止找工作的人排除了。选项D的意思与文章的意思一致，故为答案。A、B、C三项文中均未提及，故排除。

Passage Two

［62］随着渐渐老去，我们患癌症的风险会大大增加。所以，老年人应进行新肿瘤常规筛查是有道理的，难道不是吗？

［63］总的来说，人们如此警觉地对癌症进行筛查是件好事，但研究者们越来越怀疑对于老年人来说进行所有这些检查是否有必要。到2050年，65岁以上的老年人口比例几乎将翻倍，因此，权衡癌症筛查对健康带来的益处与常规检查的风险及花销之间的利弊就很重要。

在多数情况下，筛查之后人们都会进行切除肿瘤的手术，但是这些癌细胞本身可能扩散得很慢，可能在病人余下的岁月中都不会给其带来严重的健康问题。［64］但是，人人必须进行癌症筛查的观念根深蒂固，以至于当医疗保健专家建议50岁以下、74岁以上的女士不要筛查乳腺癌时，这引起了医生、患者以及提倡进行癌症筛查的群体的强烈反应。

想用科学数据来根除癌症筛查这一根深蒂固的观念很难。当然，有些年龄超过75岁的老人通过常规癌症筛查发现了癌细胞，并在治疗之后多活了几年。而且，如果有其他患癌症的风险因素，例如家族史或之前的个人病史，75岁以上的老年人也无疑需要继续定期进行筛查。但是对于其他75岁以上的老年人来说，在生命即将结束时增加的患癌风险需要与其他因素，比如剩余的预期寿命进行权衡。

最近的一项研究表明，医生们开始对谁会从癌症筛查中真正受益做出更客观的决定，特别是考虑到即将使人口数量膨胀的老年人的增多这一因素。

这并不好计算，但却是件对所有病人都有意义的事情。［65］奥蒂斯·布劳利医生说：“许多医生仅仅是为了自保才为患者安排癌症筛查。我们需要考虑对医疗保健的合理使用。”

［66］这意味着要针对老年患者做出艰难的决定，并且要对抗“医疗保健总是越多越好”这一被误导的观念。

【议论文：并不是每位老年人都需要进行常规癌症筛查】

第1段：年龄越大患癌症的风险越高，所以进行常规的癌症筛查看似合理。

第2段：考虑到筛查癌症对健康带来的益处与其风险与花销，研究者们越来越怀疑对老年人进行所有的常规癌症筛查是否有必要。

第3～4段：对于某些老年人来说，癌症筛查以及随后的手术并没有必要，但进行常规癌症筛查的观念根深蒂固，想要根除很难。

第5～6段：医生们开始意识到这一问题，认为在老年人人口数量越来越多的情况下，要合理使用医疗保健。

第7段：指明医疗保健并不是越多越好。

62. Why do doctors recommend routine cancer screening for elderly people?

A) It is believed to contribute to long life.

B) It is part of their health care package.

C) The elderly are more sensitive about their health.

D) The elderly are in greater danger of tumor growth.

医生为何向老年人推荐常规癌症筛查？

A）人们认为它有助于长寿。

B）它是医疗保健计划的一部分。

C）老年人对于自己的健康更加敏感。

D）老年人长肿瘤的风险更大。

►定位：根据题干关键词routine cancer screening for elderly people可将答案定位到文章第一段。

►解析：第一段提到“随着渐渐老去，我们患癌症的风险会大大增加。所以，老年人应进行新肿瘤常规筛查是有道理的，难道不是吗”。我们知道，患癌症就是长恶性肿瘤，所以选项D“老年人长肿瘤的风险更大”与原文相符，故为答案。选项A、B、C原文均未提及，故排除。

63. How do some researchers now look at routine cancer screening for the elderly?

A) It adds too much to their medical bills.

B) It helps increase their life expectancy.

C) They are doubtful about its necessity.

D) They think it does more harm than good.

目前一些研究人员如何看待针对老年人的常规癌症筛查？

A）它使老年人的医疗账单数目大大增加。

B）它帮助老年人增加预期寿命。

C）他们对于它的必要性表示怀疑。

D）他们认为它弊大于利。

►定位：根据题干关键词some researchers和now look at routine cancer screening for the elderly可将答案定位到文章第二段。

►解析：第二段第一句的后半句提到，“研究者们越来越怀疑对于老年人来说进行所有这些检查是否有必要”。选项C“他们对于它的必要性表示怀疑”与原文相符，故为正确答案。其中的are doubtful与原文中的are questioning为同义替换，its necessity与whether...is necessary为同义替换。选项A文中未提及，故排除。选项B虽然再现了原文中的短语life expectancy，但原文并没有说研究者认为癌症筛查可以延长人们的预期寿命，故排除。原文只是说研究者怀疑癌症筛查的必要性，并没有说癌症筛查弊大于利，故排除选项D。

64. What is the conventional view about women screening for breast cancer?

A) It applies to women over 50.

B) It is a must for adult women.

C) It is optional for young women.

D) It doesn't apply to women over 74.

关于女性乳腺癌筛查这一问题的传统观点是什么？

A）它适用于50岁以上的女性。

B）它对于成年女性来说是必要的。

C）它对于年轻女性来说是可自由选择的。

D）它不适用于年龄超过74岁的女性。

►定位：根据题干关键词women screening for breast cancer可以将答案定位到文章第三段第二句。

►解析：本题问关于女性筛查乳腺癌，传统的观点是怎样的。第三段第二句提到，“但是，人人必须进行癌症筛查的观念根深蒂固，以至于当医疗保健专家建议50岁以下、74岁以上的女士不要筛查乳腺癌时，这引起了医生、患者以及提倡进行癌症筛查的群体的强烈反应。”由其中的“人人必须进行癌症筛查”可知，选项B“它对于成年女性来说是必要的”与之意思相符，故为答案。由“专家建议50岁以下、74岁以上的女士不再筛查乳腺癌”可知，目前50岁以下和74岁以上的女士都是进行乳腺癌筛查的，故可排除A、D两项。选项C与原文“人人必须进行癌症筛查”不符，故也排除。

65. Why do many doctors prescribe routine screening for cancer?

A) They want to protect themselves against medical disputes.

B) They want to take advantage of the medical care system.

C) They want data for medical research.

D) They want their patients to suffer less.

为什么许多医生会开出癌症常规筛查这一处方？

A）他们想要保护自己免受医疗纠纷困扰。

B）他们想要利用医疗保健制度。

C）他们想得到用于医疗研究的数据。

D）他们想让自己的病人少受苦。

►定位：根据题干关键词many doctors prescribe routine screening for cancer可将答案定位到文章倒数第二段。

►解析：本题问为什么许多医生都建议病人进行常规癌症检查。原文倒数第二段奥蒂斯·布劳利医生的话解释了原因：“许多医生仅仅是为了自保才为患者安排癌症筛查。”也就是说，医生为了不给自己找麻烦而按照患者的意思为其安排癌症筛查，选项A“他们想要保护自己免受医疗纠纷困扰”与原文意思相符，为正确答案。选项B、C、D文中均未提及，故排除。

66. What does the author say is the general view about health care?

A) The more, the better.

B) Prevention is better than cure.

C) Better early than late.

D) Better care, longer life.

作者称人们对医疗保健的普遍观点是什么？

A）越多越好。

B）预防胜于治疗。

C）宁早勿迟。

D）护理越好，寿命越高。

►定位：根据题干关键词general view about health care以及出题顺序与文章顺序基本一致的原则可以将答案定位到文章最后一段。

►解析：虽然原文没有出现general view，但是其中的misguided belief与之意思相近，其后的内容“医疗保健总是越多越好”即为正确答案。选项A与原文中的more is always better同义，故为答案。B、C、D三项所表达的都不是人们对于医疗保健的普遍看法，故排除。

Part V　Cloze

母亲与婴儿之间形成的强烈的情感纽带会促进孩子想要探索世界的意愿，这是一种已经在动物王国，包括人类、猴子，甚至是蜘蛛身上观察到的效应。我们对于母亲的依恋之情越牢固，就越有可能去尝试新的事物和冒险。目前研究人员发现这种效应会持续到成年时期。仅仅是某种能让人想起母亲的抚摸或是她在电话中的声音的东西就足以改变人们的想法和心情，以显著的方式影响他们的决策过程。

四月份的《心理科学》杂志在线发布了一项调查研究——商务专业的大学生必须在低风险投资和风险投资之间做出选择，比如，一项每年有4％收益的债券投资或是一项风险更高的股票期权投资。在半数调查案例中，实验人员在针对接受调查的学生就该研究进行口头指导的时候轻轻地拍了拍这部分学生的肩膀约一秒钟的时间。那些被女性实验者拍打过肩部的学生，不管是男生还是女生，选择风险投资的可能性，要比那些没有被拍打过肩部或被男性实验者拍打过肩部的学生大得多。乔纳森·拉瓦芙——哥伦比亚大学的一位商学教授及该研究的主要领导者——做出了这样的解释：“女性宽慰性的触碰可能会勾起学生们儿时的回忆，激发了在有母亲细心照料的小孩子的身上所观察到的那种相同的乐于探索的精神。”

为了进一步证实女性的触碰是连接安全感与冒险的桥梁，研究人员要求一组不同的大学生在进行写作练习之后做出财务决定。他们之中有一半人写的是关于他们感觉安全和有人支持的一段时间，而另外一半人写的是他们感到不安全和孤独的内容。唤起不安全感让后一组人尤其易于接受女性实验者温柔地拍打肩部，并且更加愿意冒风险——这就和一个正要出发去野营的孩子在登上汽车之前，或许会向妈妈偷偷索要最后一个安慰性拥抱一样。

第1段：提出论点，即母亲与婴儿间形成的情感纽带会影响孩子探索世界的行为。

第2段：通过已经发表的文章中所做的实验来证明本文的论点。

第3段：选择不同的受试者，进一步证明本文的论点。

67. D

语境分析：本空位于第一段首句。该句是全文的主旨句，大意是母亲与婴儿间形成的强烈的情感纽带会促进孩子想要探索世界的意愿，这是一种已经在动物王国，包括人类、猴子，甚至是蜘蛛身上观察到的效应。显然后半句想要表达的意思是这个效应适用于整个动物王国。结合选项可知，只有D项符合题意。

词义分析：by“被；经由”；up“向上”；above“在……上面；超过”；across“在……各处；穿过”。

68. B

语境分析：本空位于第一段第二句。该句意为“我们对于母亲______越牢固，就越有可能去尝试新的事物和冒险”。由提纲可知全文讲述的是母亲与婴儿间形成的情感纽带，综合四个选项，只有B选项attachment“依赖，依附”符合句意。

词义分析：concern“关心”；attachment“依赖，依附”；treatment“对待；待遇”；appeal“恳求；吸引力”。

69. C

语境分析：本空位于第一段第四句。从选项来看，本题考查形容词辨析。结合选项可以推测，本空所在短句想要表达的意思是“仅仅想到母亲的爱抚”。bare强调数量少，unique指独特性，mere强调事物虽小却有很重要的影响，just意为“适当的，正好的”。综合选项可知，此处应选C。

词义分析：bare“仅有的；最低限度的”；unique“独一无二的，独特的”；mere“仅仅的；只不过”；just“适当的，正好的”。

70. A

语境分析：本空仍位于第一段第四句。该句大意是仅仅想到母亲的爱抚或者是她打电话时的声音就______改变人们的想法和心情，对比四个选项，只有A项符合题意。

词义分析：enough“足够的，充分的”；ready“准备就绪的；乐意的”；easy“简单的，容易的”；quick“快的；灵敏的”。

71. C

语境分析：本空仍位于第一段第四句。分析句子可知，空格所在处讲的仍是母亲与婴儿之间的情感纽带对成人的影响，即“以显著的方式______他们的决策过程”。四个选项中，只有C项“影响”符合句意。

词义分析：generating“产生；引起”；regulating“管理；调节”；affecting“影响”；refining“精炼；改进”。

72. B

语境分析：本空位于第二段首句。此处想要表达的意思是“在Psychological Science四月份发表在网站上的一项研究中”，四个选项中只有published有“发表”的意思，故选B。

词义分析：exhibited“显示；展出”；published“公开发表；公布”；appeared“出现；出版”；advertised“做广告；宣传”。

73. A

语境分析：本空仍位于第二段首句。分析句子可知，破折号之后的分句是对破折号之前的safe bets and risky gambles进行解释说明。a riskier stock option与risky gambles呼应，指的是一种风险较大的优先认股权；本空所在短语a guaranteed 4 percent yearly ______则与safe bets对应，指代另外一种相对安全的收益方法。由此可知，此处缺少一个表示“收益”的词，故选A。

词义分析：return“盈利；收益”；expense“费用；开支”；cost“成本；代价”；prize“奖金；奖赏”。

74. D

语境分析：本空位于第二段第二句。pat的意思是“轻打，轻拍”，故选D。还可用排除法进行选择。本空所在的分句所要表达的意思是“实验者在学生的肩膀______拍了一会儿”。四个选项中，seemingly的意思是“表面上；似乎”，与后文中出现的touched相矛盾，因为实验者确实拍了学生，而不只是看起来拍了，所以排除A；strongly的意思是“强有力地”，与下文中提到的reassuring touch（宽慰性的触碰）相矛盾，因为宽慰性的触碰应该是力度比较轻的，故B项错误；C项用在此处意思不通顺，也排除，故答案是D。

词义分析：seemingly“表面上；似乎”；strongly“强有力地”；partly“在一定程度上；部分地”；lightly“轻轻地；轻微地”。

75. C

语境分析：本空仍位于第二段第二句。分析句子可知，该空所在分句与前半句的内容并非条件关系、因果关系或者转折关系，故排除A、B、D项。while除了表示转折外，还可以表示“当……时候；与……同时”之意，用在句中表示“研究者在对这项研究进行口头说明的同时快速地轻拍了学生的肩部，”故选C。

词义分析：if“如果，假如”，表示假设；so“因此；这样”，可以表示因果关系，也可以表示目的；while“当……时候；与……同时”；whereas“然而；尽管”，表示转折。

76. B

语境分析：本空位于第二段第三句。由空格后的more likely可知，该空所填词用来修饰形容词比较级，四个选项中只有B项有这个用法。

词义分析：rather“相当；在一定程度上”；far“很；较远的”；further是far的比较级，意为“较远的，更远的”；pretty“相当；颇”。

77. A

语境分析：本空仍位于第二段第三句。句中同时出现了who were touched和who had not been touched，结合上题分析可知，该句是对这两者进行比较，故此处应选than。

词义分析：than“比”，用于比较级之后，引导表示比较关系的从句或短语；as“与……一样”，常用于形容词或副词之前，构成as...as的比较句型；which“哪一个”，可引导定语从句；that“那个”，可引导定语从句，用来指要表明或要提及的人或物。

78. C

语境分析：本空位于第二段第四句。这句话是对前面提到的实验的总结，本空所在分句的意思是，“女性宽慰性的触碰可能会勾起学生们儿时的回忆，______对探索同样的欲望”。文章第一段中也提到过，孩子与母亲的关系越密切，对母亲的依赖性越强，就越倾向于尝试新事物。故可知，此处缺少一个表示“激发”的词。四个选项中只有C项有这个意思。

词义分析：intending“计划，打算”；inferring“推论，推断”；inspiring“鼓舞；激起”；instructing“指示”。

79. A

语境分析：本空仍位于第二段第四句。整句话的意思是，“女性实验者宽慰性的触碰可能会勾起学生们儿时的回忆，激发了在有母亲______的小孩子的身上所观察到的那种相同的乐于探索的精神。”前半句中“宽慰的抚摸”是一种女性的鼓励，所以后半句中母亲所具有的特质也应该是鼓励性的。四项中，只有A项与这一意思最为相符。

词义分析：supportive“支持的”；lively“活泼的；生动的”；strict“严格的，严厉的”；respectful“尊敬的，尊重的；有礼貌的”。

80. D

语境分析：本空位于第三段首句。大致浏览该段内容可以看出，这是实验者所做的另一个实验。结合选项可知，该实验是为了进一步证实本文的论点，所以D项正确。

词义分析：enable“使能够”；ensure“保证；确保”；consent“准许；同意”；confirm“证实；确认”。

81. B

语境分析：本空仍位于第三段首句。从上一段我们知道，被女性轻拍过的学生更加有安全感，也更容易选择有风险的选项。由上题可知，该段是为了进一步证实本文的观点，故也是为了验证女性的抚摸对人们的安全感和承担风险能力的影响。结合选项可知，此处选with。link...with...是固定搭配，意为“将……和……联系起来”。

词义分析：beyond“超出；远于”；with“和；具有”；for“为；对”；along“沿着；顺着”。

82. C

语境分析：本空仍位于第三段首句。由上两题的分析可知，本段描述的是实验者所做的另一个实验，以进一步证实本文的论点。故可知此处想表达的意思是“不同的受试者”，故选C。

词义分析：relative“相对的；比较的”；competitive“竞争的；比赛的”；different“不同的；有区别的”；successive“接连的；连续的”。

83. B

语境分析：本空位于第三段第二句。由空格前面的whereas可知，前后两个分句之间是转折关系。前一个分句提到了half of them（一半的受试者），故后半句中的the ______ half肯定表示的是“另一半的受试者”，故选B。

词义分析：next“下一个；邻近的”；other“（两者之中）另外一个的”；minor“较小的；次要的”；opposite“对面的；相反的”。

84. D

语境分析：本空位于第三段第三句。此处的意思是“唤起不安全______”，四个选项中只有sense意思符合。a sense of...为固定搭配，表示“一种……（样）的感觉”。

词义分析：hint“暗示；示意”；clue“线索；提示”；chain“链条；一系列的事物”；sense“感觉；察觉”。

85. A

语境分析：本空仍位于第三段第三句。此处想表达的意思是，“唤起不安全感让后一组人______易于接受女性实验者温柔地拍打肩部”。结合选项可知，本题选A。

词义分析：especially“特别；尤其”；specially“特别地；专门地”；securely“安全地；无疑地”；entirely“完全地；彻底地”。

86. D

语境分析：本空仍位于第三段第三句。该分句的意思是，“这就和一个正要出发去野营的孩子在登上汽车之前，或许会______妈妈偷偷索要最后一个安慰性拥抱一样”。结合选项可知，只有from符合题意。

词义分析：toward“向；朝”；into“到……里；进入”；of“关于；……的”；from“从……；来自”。

Part VI　Translation

87. had I felt / got so excited

【考查点】短语：feel / get excited感到激动

句型：never、hardly、seldom、scarcely、nor等否定性副词置于句首时，句子谓语部分要采用部分倒装形式，即“be/助动词＋主语＋其他”。

【随学随练】Seldom ______ (他去教室上课), so he failed the final exam.

88. would have said something that she would regret later

【考查点】语法：otherwise用在句中形成的含蓄虚拟语气。otherwise意为“否则，要不然”，在句中相当于if it were not the case，引出一种与既有事实相反的情况，因此其后往往会使用虚拟语气。本句表示与过去的情况相反，故使用would have done的结构。

【随学随练】You'd better do it right now. Otherwise, ______ (你的老师会批评你的).

89. (in) concentrating on the review of lessons或(in) focusing (my mind) on the review of lessons

【考查点】短语：concentrate on sth. / focus (one's mind) on sth.集中注意力于某事

【随学随练】In order to do the job perfectly, we should ______ (集中精力做好准备).

90. have heard them talk / talking in French

【考查点】语法：感官动词hear后跟动词原形或现在分词作宾语补足语，即hear sb. do sth.和hear sb. doing sth.。当用省略to的不定式（即动词原形）作宾补时，强调听到某一动作的全部过程；用现在分词作宾补则强调听到某个动作正在发生。本题由于语境不全，“听到他们用法语交流”既可以理解为过程，也可以理解为动作当时正在发生，故用两种形式均可。具有相同用法的感官动词还有see、feel、smell等。

句型：This / It is the first time (that)...意为“这是……第一次……”，that后的从句需使用现在完成时，引导词that可以省略。

【随学随练】It is the first time that he ______ (乘坐飞机旅行).

91. accessible for free

【考查点】词汇：accessible adj. 可得到的，可获取的

短语：for free免费

【随学随练】Broader space for development should ______ (让每个有才能的人都能获取).

大学英语四级考试

2013年6月真题

COLLEGE ENGLISH TEST

— Band Four —

试　题　册

注意事项

一、将自己的校名、姓名、准考证号写在答题卡1和答题卡2上。将本试卷代号划在答题卡2上。

二、试卷册、答题卡1和答题卡2均不得带出考场。考试结束，监考员收卷后考生才可离开。

三、仔细读懂题目的说明。

四、在30分钟内做完答题卡1上的作文题。30分钟后，考生按指令启封试题册，在接着的15分钟内完成快速阅读理解部分的试题。然后监考员收取答题卡1，考生在答题卡2上完成其余部分的试题。全部答题时间为125分钟，不得拖延时间。

五、考生必须在答题卡上作答，凡是写在试题册上的答案一律无效。

六、多项选择题每题只能选一个答案；如多选，则该题无分。选定答案后，用HB-2B浓度的铅笔在相应字母的中部划一条横线。

正确方法是：［A］［C］［D］。

使用其他符号答题者不给分。划线要有一定的粗度，浓度要盖过字母底色。

七、如果要改动答案，必须先用橡皮擦净原来选定的答案，然后再按规定重新答题。

八、在考试过程中要注意对自己的答案保密。若被他人抄袭，一经发现，后果自负。

Part I　Writing　(30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on the importance of doing small things before undertaking something big. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

Part II　Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)　(15 minutes)

Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.

Can Digital Textbooks Truly Replace the Print Kind?

The shortcomings of traditional print edition textbooks are obvious: For starters they're heavy, with the average physics textbook weighing 3.6 pounds. They're also expensive, especially when you factor in the average college student's limited budget, typically costing hundreds of dollars every semester.

But the worst part is that print versions of textbooks are constantly undergoing revisions. Many professors require that their students use only the latest versions in the classroom, essentially rendering older texts unusable. For students, it means they're basically stuck with a four pound paperweight that they can't sell back.

Which is why digital textbooks, if they live up to their promise, could help ease many of these shortcomings. But till now, they've been something like a mirage (幻影) in the distance, more like a hazy (模糊的) dream than an actual reality. Imagine the promise: Carrying all your textbooks in a 1.3 pound iPad? It sounds almost too good to be true.

But there are a few pilot schools already making the transition (过渡) over to digital books. Universities like Cornell and Brown have jumped onboard. And one medical program at the University of California, Irvine, gave their entire class iPads with which to download textbooks just last year.

But not all were eager to jump aboard.

"People were tired of using the iPad textbook besides using it for reading," says Kalpit Shah, who will be going into his second year at Irvine's medical program this fall. "They weren't using it as a source of communication because they couldn't read or write in it. So a third of the people in my program were using the iPad in class to take notes, the other third were using laptops and the last third were using paper and pencil."

The reason it hasn't caught on yet, he tells me, is that the functionality of e-edition textbooks is incredibly limited, and some students just aren't motivated to learn new study behavior.

But a new application called Inkling might change all that. The company just released an updated version last week, and it'll be utilized in over 50 undergraduate and graduate classrooms this coming school year.

"Digital textbooks are not going to catch on," says Inkling CEO Matt MacInnis as he's giving me a demo (演示) over coffee. "What I mean by that is the current perspective of the digital textbook is it's an exact copy of the print book. There's Course Smart, etc., these guys who take an image of the page and put it on a screen. If that's how we're defining digital textbooks, there's no hope of that becoming a mainstream product."

He calls Inkling a platform for publishers to build rich multimedia content from the ground up, with a heavy emphasis on real-world functionality. The traditional textbook merely serves as a skeleton.

At first glance Inkling is an impressive experience. After swiping (触击) into the iPad app (应用软件), which you can get for free here, he opens up a few different types of textbooks.

Up first is a chemistry book. The boot time is pretty fast, and he navigates through (浏览) a few chapters before swiping into a fully rendered 3D molecule that can be spun around to view its various building blocks. "Publishers give us all of the source media, artwork, videos," he says, "We help them think through how to actually build something for this platform."

Next he pulls up a music composition textbook, complete with playable demos. It's a learning experience that attacks you from multiple sensory directions. It's clear why this would be something a music major would love.

But the most exciting part about Inkling, to me, is its notation (批注) system. Here's how it works:

When you purchase a used print book, it comes with its previous owner's highlights and notes in the margins. It uses the experience of someone who already went through the class to help improve your reading (how much you trust each notation is obviously up to you).

But with Inkling, you can highlight a piece of content and make notes. Here's where things get interesting, though: If a particularly important passage is highlighted by multiple Inkling users, that information is stored on the cloud and is available for anyone reading the same textbook to come across. That means users have access to notes from not only their classmates and Facebook friends, but anyone who purchased the book across the country. The best comments are then sorted democratically by a voting system, meaning that your social learning experience is shared with the best and brightest thinkers.

As a bonus, professors can even chime in (插话) on discussions. They'll be able to answer the questions of students who are in their class directly via the interactive book.

Of course, Inkling addresses several of the other shortcomings in traditional print as well. Textbook versions are constantly updated, motivating publishers by minimizing production costs (the big ones like McGraw-Hill are already onboard). Furthermore, students will be able to purchase sections of the text instead of buying the whole thing, with individual chapters costing as little as $ 2.99.

There are, however, challenges.

"It takes efforts to build each book," MacInnis tells me. And it's clear why.

Each interactive textbook is a media-heavy experience built from the ground up, and you can tell that it takes a respectable amount of manpower to put together each one.

For now the app is also iPad-exclusive, and though a few of these educational institutions are giving the hardware away for free, for other students who don't have such a luxury it's an added layer of cost—and an expensive one at that.

But this much is clear: The traditional textbook model is and has been broken for quite some time. Whether digitally interactive ones like Inkling actually take off or not remains to be seen, and we probably won't have a definite answer for the next few years.

However, the solution to any problem begins with a step in a direction. And at least for now, that hazy mirage in the distance? A little more tangible (可触摸的), a little less of a dream.

1. The biggest problem with traditional print textbooks is that ______.

A) they are not reused once a new edition comes out

B) they cost hundreds of dollars every semester

C) they are too heavy to carry around

D) they take a longer time to revise

2. What does the author say about digital textbooks?

A) It is not likely they will replace traditional textbooks.

B) They haven't fixed all the shortcomings of print books.

C) Very few of them are available in the market.

D) Many people still have difficulty using them.

3. According to Kalpit Shah, some students still use paper and pencil because ______.

A) they find it troublesome to take notes with an iPad

B) they are unwilling to change their study behavior

C) they have got tired of reading on the iPad

D) they are not used to reading off the screen

4. Inkling CEO Matt MacInnis explains that the problem with Course Smart's current digital textbooks is that ______.

A) they have to be revised repeatedly

B) they are inconvenient to use in class

C) they are different from most mainstream products

D) they are no more than print versions put on a screen

5. Matt MacInnis describes the updated version of Inkling as ______.

A) a good example of the mainstream products

B) a marvelous product of many creative ideas

C) a platform for building multimedia content

D) a mere skeleton of traditional textbooks

6. The author is most excited about Inkling's notation system because one can ______.

A) share his learning experience with the best and brightest thinkers

B) participate in discussions with classmates and Facebook friends

C) vote for the best learners democratically

D) store information on the cloud

7. One additional advantage of the interactive digital textbook is that ______.

A) students can switch to different discussions at any point

B) students can download relevant critical comments

C) professors can join in students' online discussions

D) professors can give prompt feedback to students' homework

8. One of the challenges to build an interactive digital textbook from the ground up is that it takes a great deal of ________________________________________________.

9. One problem for students to replace traditional textbooks with interactive digital ones is the high _________________________________________________ of the hardware.

10. According to the author, whether digital textbooks will catch on still ____________________________________________.

Part III　Listening Comprehension　(35 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

11. A) Children should be taught to be more careful.

B) Children shouldn't drink so much orange juice.

C) There is no need for the man to make such a fuss.

D) Timmy should learn to do things in the right way.

12. A) Fitness training.

B) The new job offer.

C) Computer programming.

D) Directorship of the club.

13. A) He needs to buy a new sweater.

B) He has got to save on fuel bills.

C) The fuel price has skyrocketed.

D) The heating system doesn't work.

14. A) Committing theft.

B) Taking pictures.

C) Window shopping.

D) Posing for the camera.

15. A) She is taking some medicine.

B) She has not seen a doctor yet.

C) She does not trust the man's advice.

D) She has almost recovered from the cough.

16. A) Pamela's report is not finished as scheduled.

B) Pamela has a habit of doing things in a hurry.

C) Pamela is not good at writing research papers.

D) Pamela's mistakes could have been avoided.

17. A) In the left-luggage office.

B) At the hotel reception.

C) In a hotel room.

D) At an airport.

18. A) She was an excellent student at college.

B) She works in the entertainment business.

C) She is fond of telling stories in her speech.

D) She is good at conveying her message.

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

19. A) Arranging the woman's appointment with Mr. Romero.

B) Fixing the time for the designer's latest fashion show.

C) Talking about an important gathering on Tuesday.

D) Preparing for the filming on Monday morning.

20. A) Her travel to Japan.

B) The awards ceremony.

C) The proper hairstyle for her new role.

D) When to start the makeup session.

21. A) He is Mr. Romero's agent.

B) He is an entertainment journalist.

C) He is the woman's assistant.

D) He is a famous movie star.

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

22. A) Make an appointment for an interview.

B) Send in an application letter.

C) Fill in an application form.

D) Make a brief self-introduction on the phone.

23. A) Someone having a college degree in advertising.

B) Someone experienced in business management.

C) Someone ready to take on more responsibilities.

D) Someone willing to work beyond regular hours.

24. A) Travel opportunities.

B) Handsome pay.

C) Prospects for promotion.

D) Flexible working hours.

25. A) It depends on the working hours.

B) It is about 500 pounds a week.

C) It will be set by the Human Resources.

D) It is to be negotiated.

Section B

Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.

26. A) To give customers a wider range of choices.

B) To make shoppers see as many items as possible.

C) To supply as many varieties of goods as it can.

D) To save space for more profitable products.

27. A) On the top shelves.

B) On the bottom shelves.

C) On easily accessible shelves.

D) On clearly marked shelves.

28. A) Many of them buy things on impulse.

B) A few of them are fathers with babies.

C) A majority of them are young couples.

D) Over 60% of them make shopping lists.

29. A) Sales assistants promoting high margin goods.

B) Sales assistants following customers around.

C) Customers competing for good bargains.

D) Customers losing all sense of time.

Passage Two

Questions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.

30. A) Teaching mathematics at a school.

B) Doing research in an institute.

C) Studying for a college degree.

D) Working in a high-tech company.

31. A) He studied the designs of various clocks.

B) He did experiments on different materials.

C) He bought an alarm clock with a pig face.

D) He asked different people for their opinions.

32. A) Its automatic mechanism.

B) Its manufacturing process.

C) Its way of waking people up.

D) Its funny-looking pig face.

Passage Three

Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.

33. A) It is often caused by a change of circumstances.

B) It actually doesn't require any special treatment.

C) It usually appears all of a sudden.

D) It generally lasts for several years.

34. A) They cannot mix well with others.

B) They incidentally annoy their friends.

C) They depend severely on family members.

D) They blame others for dissatisfying their needs.

35. A) They lack consistent support from peers.

B) They doubt their own popularity.

C) They were born psychologically weak.

D) They focus too much on themselves.

Section C

Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.

There was a time when any personal information that was gathered about us was typed on a piece of paper and (36) ______ away in a file cabinet. It could remain there for years and, often (37) ______, never reach the outside world.

Things have done a complete about-face since then. (38) ______ for the change has been the astonishingly (39) ______ development in recent years of the computer. Today, any data that is (40) ______ about us in one place or another—and for one reason or another—can be stored in a computer bank. It can then be easily passed to other computer banks. They are owned by (41) ______ and by private businesses and corporations, lending (42) ______, direct mailing and telemarketing firms, credit bureaus, credit card companies, and government (43) ______ at the local, state, and federal level.

A growing number of Americans are seeing the accumulation and distribution of computerized data as a frightening invasion of their privacy. (44) __________________________________________________________ as the computer becomes increasingly efficient, easier to operate, and less costly to purchase and maintain. In 1970, a national survey showed that (45) _______________________________________________________________. Seven years later, 47 percent expressed the same worry. (46) ______________________________________________________________________.

Part IV　Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)　(25 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the banks more than once.

Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.

Walking, if you do it vigorously enough, is the overall best exercise for regular physical activity. It requires no equipment, everyone knows how to do it and it carries the 　47　 risk of injury. The human body is designed to walk. You can walk in parks or along a river or in your neighborhood. To get 　48　 benefit from walking, aim for 45 minutes a day, an average of five days a week.

Strength training is another important 　49　 of physical activity. Its purpose is to build and 　50　 bone and muscle mass, both of which shrink with age. In general, you will want to do strength training two or three days a week, 　51　 recovery days between sessions.

Finally, flexibility and balance training are 　52　 important as the body ages. Aches and pains are high on the list of complaints in old age. The result of constant muscle tension and stiffness of joints, many of them are 　53　, and simple flexibility training can 　54　 these by making muscles stronger and keeping joints lubricated (润滑). Some of this you do whenever you stretch. If you watch dogs and cats, you'll get an idea of how natural it is. The general 　55　 is simple: whenever the body has been in one position for a while, it is good to 　56　 stretch it in an opposite position.

A) allowing

B) avoidable

C) briefly

D) component

E) determined

F) helping

G) increasingly

H) lowest

I) maintain

J) maximum

K) prevent

L) principle

M) provoke

N) seriously

O) topic

Section B

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.

Junk food is everywhere. We're eating way too much of it. Most of us know what we're doing and yet we do it anyway.

So here's a suggestion offered by two researchers at the Rand Corporation: Why not take a lesson from alcohol control policies and apply them to where food is sold and how it's displayed?

"Many policy measures to control obesity (肥胖症) assume that people consciously and rationally choose what and how much they eat and therefore focus on providing information and more access to healthier foods," note the two researchers.

"In contrast," the researchers continue, "many regulations that don't assume people make rational choices have been successfully applied to control alcohol, a substance—like food—of which immoderate consumption leads to serious health problems."

The research references studies of people's behavior with food and alcohol and results of alcohol restrictions, and then lists five regulations that the researchers think might be promising if applied to junk foods. Among them:

Density restrictions: licenses to sell alcohol aren't handed out unplanned to all comers but are allotted (分配) based on the number of places in an area that already sell alcohol. These make alcohol less easy to get and reduce the number of psychological cues to drink.

Similarly, the researchers say, being presented with junk food stimulates our desire to eat it. So why not limit the density of food outlets, particularly ones that sell food rich in empty calories? And why not limit sale of food in places that aren't primarily food stores?

Display and sales restrictions: California has a rule prohibiting alcohol displays near the cash registers in gas stations, and in most places you can't buy alcohol at drive-through facilities. At supermarkets, food companies pay to have their wares in places where they're easily seen. One could remove junk food to the back of the store and ban them from the shelves at checkout lines. The other measures include restricting portion sizes, taxing and prohibiting special price deals for junk foods, and placing warning labels on the products.

57. What does the author say about junk food?

A) People should be educated not to eat too much.

B) It is widely consumed despite its ill reputation.

C) Its temptation is too strong for people to resist.

D) It causes more harm than is generally realized.

58. What do the Rand researchers think of many of the policy measures to control obesity?

A) They should be implemented effectively.

B) They provide misleading information.

C) They are based on wrong assumptions.

D) They help people make rational choices.

59. Why do policymakers of alcohol control place density restrictions?

A) Few people are able to resist alcohol's temptations.

B) There are already too many stores selling alcohol.

C) Drinking strong alcohol can cause social problems.

D) Easy access leads to customers' over-consumption.

60. What is the purpose of California's rule about alcohol display in gas stations?

A) To effectively limit the density of alcohol outlets.

B) To help drivers to give up the habit of drinking.

C) To prevent possible traffic jams in nearby areas.

D) To get alcohol out of drivers' immediate sight.

61. What is the general guideline the Rand researchers suggest about junk food control?

A) Guiding people to make rational choices about food.

B) Enhancing people's awareness of their own health.

C) Borrowing ideas from alcohol control measures.

D) Resorting to economic, legal and psychological means.

Passage Two

Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.

Kodak's decision to file for bankruptcy (破产) protection is a sad, though not unexpected, turning point for a leading American corporation that pioneered consumer photography and dominated the film market for decades, but ultimately failed to adapt to the digital revolution.

Although many attribute Kodak's downfall to "complacency (自满)," that explanation doesn't acknowledge the lengths to which the company went to reinvent itself. Decades ago, Kodak anticipated that digital photography would overtake film—and in fact, Kodak invented the first digital camera in 1975—but in a fateful decision, the company chose to shelf its new discovery to focus on its traditional film business.

It wasn't that Kodak was blind to the future, said Rebecca Henderson, a professor at Harvard Business School, but rather that it failed to execute on a strategy to confront it. By the time the company realized its mistake, it was too late.

Kodak is an example of a firm that was very much aware that they had to adapt, and spent a lot of money trying to do so, but ultimately failed. Large companies have a difficult time switching to new markets because there is a temptation to put existing assets into the new businesses.

Although Kodak anticipated the inevitable rise of digital photography, its corporate (企业的) culture was too rooted in the successes of the past for it to make the clean break necessary to fully embrace the future. They were a company stuck in time. Their history was so important to them. Now their history has become a liability.

Kodak's downfall over the last several decades was dramatic. In 1976, the company commanded 90% of the market for photographic film and 85% of the market for cameras. But the 1980s brought new competition from Japanese film company Fuji Photo, which undermined Kodak by offering lower prices for film and photo supplies. Kodak's decision not to pursue the role of official film for the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics was a major miscalculation. The bid went instead to Fuji, which exploited its sponsorship to win a permanent foothold in the marketplace.

62. What do we learn about Kodak?

A) It went bankrupt all of a sudden.

B) It is approaching its downfall.

C) It initiated the digital revolution in the film industry.

D) It is playing the dominant role in the film market.

63. Why does the author mention Kodak's invention of the first digital camera?

A) To show its early attempt to reinvent itself.

B) To show its effort to overcome complacency.

C) To show its quick adaptation to the digital revolution.

D) To show its will to compete with Japan's Fuji Photo.

64. Why do large companies have difficulty switching to new markets?

A) They find it costly to give up their existing assets.

B) They tend to be slow in confronting new challenges.

C) They are unwilling to invest in new technology.

D) They are deeply stuck in their glorious past.

65. What does the author say Kodak's history has become?

A) A burden.

B) A mirror.

C) A joke.

D) A challenge.

66. What was Kodak's fatal mistake?

A) Its blind faith in traditional photography.

B) Its failure to see Fuji Photo's emergence.

C) Its refusal to sponsor the 1984 Olympics.

D) Its overconfidence in its corporate culture.

Part V　Cloze　(15 minutes)

Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D)on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Part VI　Translation　(5 minutes)

Directions: Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets. Please write your translation on Answer Sheet 2.

87. Although only in her teens, my sister is looking forward to _________________________________________ (独自去海外学习).

88. It's true that we are not always going to succeed in our ventures, __________________________________________________ (即使我们投入了时间和金钱).

89. The old couple hoped that their son ___________________________________________________________ (将不辜负他们的期望).

90. So badly __________________________________________________________ (他在车祸中受伤) that he had to stay in the hospital for a whole year.

91. Nowadays, some people still have trouble __________________________________________________________________________ (从网上获取信息).

2013年6月大学英语四级考试真题详解

Part I　Writing

Start from the Minor Matter

As shown in the picture above①, the son says, "Dad, I'm a bit worried about disposing of nuclear waste." Pointing at the full dustbin beside him, his father replies, "If you can empty the dustbin here, you can do anything!" The picture shows that the father intends to make his son understand that he should do small things before undertaking big ones.②

Doing small things is the necessary step to do something big. By doing small things, people will gain experience and skills, which can lead them to success.③ Taking Thomas Edison for example, he tested more than 1,600 materials to find the right filament. Those over 1,600 tests are small things in other people's minds; however, without them Thomas Edison couldn't have invented the electric light bulb.④

I think people shouldn't belittle small things.⑤ Instead, people should take small things seriously. Just as the old saying goes, "A journey of thousands of miles may not be achieved without accumulation of each single step, just as the enormous ocean may not be formed without gathering every brook or stream."⑥

①．紧扣题目要求，开篇简要介绍图画内容，此处为引入图画内容的表达方式。

②．首段末尾对图画主题思想进行提炼：做大事要从小事做起（一屋不扫，何以扫天下）。

③．根据写作要求，表达自己对图画所描述内容的看法，通过理论论证的方式论述从小事做起的重要性。

④．引用爱迪生发明灯泡的事实，通过举例论证的方式论述从小事做起的重要性。

⑤．末段再次强调要从小事做起，对主题起到了深化的作用。

⑥．引用古语作结，凸显文采、论证有力。

从小事做起

如上图所示，男孩说：“爸爸，我有些担心核废料处理的问题。”他的爸爸指着身旁一个满满的垃圾箱回答道：“如果你能把这个垃圾箱里的垃圾倒掉，你就能做好任何事情。”这幅画表明爸爸想让儿子明白，做大事要从小事做起。

做小事是做大事的必要步骤。通过做小事，人们会获得经验和技能，这些经验和技能能够指引人们通向成功。以托马斯·爱迪生为例，为了找到合适的灯丝，他试验了1600多种材料。这些试验在其他人看来都是小事，然而，正是这些小事帮助爱迪生发明了电灯泡。

我认为人们不应该轻视小事情。相反，人们应该认真对待小事情。古语道：“不积跬步，无以至千里；不积小流，无以成江海。”

要点用法

dispose of 处理，处置

instead 取而代之的是；反而

intend to do sth. 想要做某事

take...seriously 认真对待……

take...for example 以……为例

as the old saying goes 古语道

belittle 轻视

accumulation 积累

句法点评

1. As shown in the picture above, the son says, "Dad, I'm a bit worried about disposing of nuclear waste."

看图作文开篇通常使用“如图所示”，可以表达这一含义的结构除了As shown in the picture外还有：“As we can see in the picture”，“According to the picture, it is obvious that”，“What we can see in the picture is that”等等。

2. Pointing at the full dustbin beside him, his father replies, "If you can empty the dustbin here, you can do anything!"

分词短语pointing at the full dustbin beside him在句中作伴随状语，它的使用使句式富于变化；另外，分词短语点明漫画隐含的信息：垃圾箱的位置（在爸爸身边）及状态（满了）。

3. By doing small things, people will gain experience and skills, which can lead them to success.

使用非限制性定语从句，进一步补充说明主句中的experience and skills的作用。

4. Those over 1,600 tests are small things in other people's minds; however, without them Thomas Edison couldn't have invented the electric light bulb.

后半分句使用了虚拟语气，without them相当于if there had not been those small things，主句“托马斯·爱迪生就不可能发明电灯泡”是与过去事实相反的一种情况，故应用could have done的形式。

Part II　Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)

电子教科书能真正取代纸质书吗？

传统的纸质版教科书的缺点是显而易见的：首先，它们很重，物理课本的平均重量是3.6磅。而且它们也很贵，尤其当你把普通大学生有限的预算考虑在内时更是如此，通常每学期的教材要花费数百美元。

［1］而最糟糕的是，纸质版的教科书总在被修订。许多教授要求他们的学生在课堂上只能使用最新的版本，这使得旧版本基本上不能再被使用了。对于学生而言，这意味着他们基本上必须接受四磅的纸张重量，而且还不能将其卖回去。

［2］这就是为什么电子教科书（如果它们真如承诺所言的话）可以帮助改良这些缺点中的诸多方面。但是到目前为止，它们仍旧像是远处的海市蜃楼，更像是一个模糊的梦境，而非一种实际存在的现实。想象一下这个承诺：将你所有的教科书装在一个1.3磅的iPad（苹果平板电脑）里？这听起来好得几乎令人难以置信。

但是有一些试点学校已经开始向电子教科书过渡了。像康奈尔和布朗这样的大学就已经开始使用。就在去年，加州大学欧文分校的一个医学课程为全班的学生配备了iPad，用来下载教科书。

但并不是所有的学校都如此急切地想要尝试。

“除了使用它来阅读之外，人们已经厌倦了使用iPad教科书，”卡尔皮特·沙阿说道，今年秋季他将进入欧文分校医学课程学习的第二个年度。［3］“他们没有将它作为一种交流的方式，因为他们不能在它里面进行读写。所以在我的课程里，有三分之一的人在课堂上使用iPad来记笔记，三分之一的人使用笔记本电脑，另外三分之一的人使用纸和笔。”

他告诉我，iPad尚未盛行的原因是，电子版教科书的功能极其有限，而且一些学生对于掌握新的学习习惯干脆没有积极性。

但是，一个被称作Inkling的新应用程序可能会改变这一切。其所属公司上周刚刚发布了一个更新的版本，在即将到来的新学年，它会被用在50多个本科生和研究生的课堂中。

“电子教科书不会盛行起来，”Inkling的首席执行官马特·麦金尼斯在和我喝咖啡时，一边给我演示一边这样说道。“［4］我的意思是说，目前人们对于电子教科书的看法是：它只是纸质书的一个精确的复制品。例如Course Smart等公司，他们只是把纸质书的页面内容拍了下来，然后把它呈现在了屏幕上。如果这就是我们给电子教科书所下的定义的话，那么它是不可能成为一种主流产品的。”

［5］他把Inkling称作一个可以使出版商们从头开始建立起丰富的多媒体内容的平台，而且它非常注重在现实生活中的功能。传统的教材仅仅是充当了骨架。

乍一看，Inkling就给人留下十分深刻的印象。在点击进入iPad的应用程序后（这些你可以在这里免费获得），他展示了几种不同类型的教科书。

第一种是化学书。启动时间相当快。他快速浏览了几个章节，然后点击进入了一个完全呈现的3D分子结构，而且可以通过旋转来观察它的不同组成部分。他说：“出版商们给我们提供了所有的源媒体、插图、视频，我们帮助他们来仔细思考如何真正地建立起这个平台所需要的东西。”

接着，他打开了一本音乐作曲教科书，其中还包括播放演示。它是一次能从你的多个感官角度刺激你的学习体验。很显然，这就是音乐专业的人会喜爱这个东西的原因。

但是对我来说，Inkling最激动人心的部分是它的批注系统。下面是它的工作原理：

当你买了一本二手的纸质图书，打开书你看到的是这本书之前的主人所做的重点标注和在页面的空白处所做的笔记。它是用某个已经上过这门课的人的经验来帮助你提高阅读水平（而你对于每一处注释的信任程度显然取决于你自己）。

但是通过使用Inkling，你可以将一部分内容标为重点并做批注。这就是这件事变得有趣的地方，试想如果一个非常重要的段落被多个Inkling的用户同时标为重点，那么这些信息将会被存储至云上，然后阅读同一本教材的任何人都将可以阅读这些信息。［6］就是说，使用者不仅可以看到他的同学以及脸谱网上的朋友所做的批注，而且还可以看到整个国家中购买了这本书的人所做的批注。然后，最佳注释将会通过一个投票系统以民主的方式筛选出来，这就意味着你可以和最优秀、最聪明的思考者分享你的协作学习经验。

［7］还有额外的一个优势是，教授甚至可以参与讨论。他们将能够通过这种互动的教材来直接回答自己班里的学生的问题。

当然，Inkling也解决了传统印刷品的其他几个弊端。教材的版本不断被更新，促使出版商们最大限度地减少生产成本（大型出版商，如麦格劳-希尔已经开始这样做了）。此外，学生将能够购买书本的部分章节而无须购买整本书，单个章节只需花费2.99美元。

然而，这其中也存在着挑战。

“完成每一本书都需要耗费大量的精力。”麦金尼斯告诉我。而且原因也很明显。

［8］每本互动教科书都是一种从头建立起来的含有丰富媒体的体验，你会发现完成每一本这样的书都需要耗费大量的人力。

现在这种应用程序仅仅支持iPad，［9］尽管那些教育机构中有一些会给学生提供免费的硬件，但对于没有这种奢侈品的学生来说，这仍然是一笔额外的花销，而且非常昂贵。

但是至少这些是明确的：传统的教科书模式已经被打破相当长的一段时间了。［10］对于类似Inkling这样的数字互动型产品是否能够真正发展起来，仍然有待观察，而且我们很可能在未来的几年都不会有一个明确的答案。

然而，任何问题的解决都是从朝着某个方向迈开脚步开始的。至少现在，那远处朦胧的海市蜃楼怎么样了呢？稍微可以触摸得到，也不再那么像个梦境了。

1. The biggest problem with traditional print textbooks is that ______.

A) they are not reused once a new edition comes out

B) they cost hundreds of dollars every semester

C) they are too heavy to carry around

D) they take a longer time to revise

传统纸质教科书最大的问题是______。

A）一旦新的版本问世，它们就不会再被使用

B）它们每学期都要花费学生数百美元

C）它们太重了不能被随身携带

D）它们需要更长的时间来修订

►线索词：the biggest problem

►定位处：第二段第一句

►解析：第二段首句提到：“而最糟糕的是，纸质版的教科书总在被修订。”而第二句补充说明许多教授要求学生们在课堂上使用最新版教材，这使得旧版本教材基本不会再被使用了，A项与此含义一致，故为答案。题干中的the biggest problem是对该句中的the worst part的同义转述。

2. What does the author say about digital textbooks?

A) It is not likely they will replace traditional textbooks.

B) They haven't fixed all the shortcomings of print books.

C) Very few of them are available in the market.

D) Many people still have difficulty using them.

关于电子教科书，作者说了什么？

A）它们不太可能取代传统教科书。

B）它们还没有改善纸质书的所有不足之处。

C）它们在市场上很少能买到。

D）很多人使用它们仍然有困难。

►线索词：digital textbooks

►定位处：第三段第一句

►解析：根据题干关键词digital textbooks以及出题顺序和文章顺序一致的原则可将本题答案定位至第三段第一句。第三段第一句指出：“这就是为什么电子教科书（如果它们真如承诺所言的话）可以帮助改良这些缺点中的诸多方面。”接着第二句又提到：“但是到目前为止，它们仍旧像是远处的海市蜃楼，更像是一个模糊的梦境，而非一种实际存在的现实。”由此可知，电子教科书并没有改善纸质书的所有不足之处，B项符合文意，故为正确答案。

3. According to Kalpit Shah, some students still use paper and pencil because ______.

A) they find it troublesome to take notes with an iPad

B) they are unwilling to change their study behavior

C) they have got tired of reading on the iPad

D) they are not used to reading off the screen

根据卡尔皮特·沙阿的说法，一些学生仍然使用纸和笔是因为______。

A）他们觉得使用iPad记笔记比较麻烦

B）他们不愿意改变自己的学习习惯

C）他们已经厌倦了在iPad上阅读

D）他们不习惯离开屏幕进行阅读

►线索词：Kalpit Shah，use paper and pencil

►定位处：第六段最后两句。

►解析：文中提到：“他们没有将它作为一种交流的方式，因为他们不能在它里面进行读写。所以在我的课程里，有三分之一的人在课堂上使用iPad来记笔记，三分之一的人使用笔记本电脑，另外三分之一的人使用纸和笔。”由此可知有些学生仍然使用纸和笔是因为他们不能用电子书进行读写。四项中只有A项与此意思一致，故为正确答案。

4. Inkling CEO Matt MacInnis explains that the problem with Course Smart's current digital textbooks is that ______.

A) they have to be revised repeatedly

B) they are inconvenient to use in class

C) they are different from most mainstream products

D) they are no more than print versions put on a screen

Inkling公司的首席执行官马特·麦金尼斯解释说Course Smart公司目前的电子教科书的问题是______。

A）它们必须被一遍又一遍地修订

B）它们在课堂上使用不方便

C）它们和大多数的主流产品不一样

D）它们只不过是被呈现到屏幕上的纸质版本

►线索词：Inkling CEO，Matt MacInnis，Course Smart's

►定位处：第九段

►解析：该段首句提到，Inkling的首席执行官马特·麦金尼斯说“电子教科书不会盛行起来”，接着他解释道：“我的意思是说，目前人们对于电子教科书的看法是：它只是纸质书的一个精确的复制品。例如Course Smart等公司，他们只是把纸质书的页面内容拍了下来，然后把它呈现在了屏幕上。”可知正确答案为D。

5. Matt MacInnis describes the updated version of Inkling as ______.

A) a good example of the mainstream products

B) a marvelous product of many creative ideas

C) a platform for building multimedia content

D) a mere skeleton of traditional textbooks

马特·麦金尼斯把Inkling更新的版本描述为______。

A）主流产品的一个典范

B）许多创新性想法孕育的一个杰作

C）建立多媒体内容的一个平台

D）仅仅是传统教科书的骨架

►线索词：Matt MacInnis，the updated version of Inkling

►定位处：第十段第一句

►解析：该句提到：“他（Matt MacInnis）把Inkling称作一个可以使出版商们从头开始建立起丰富的多媒体内容的平台，而且它非常注重在现实生活中的功能。”因此答案为C。D项为强干扰项。该段的下一句提到，对于Inkling来说，传统的教材仅仅充当了骨架，D项与这一意思正好相反，故可排除。

6. The author is most excited about Inkling's notation system because one can ______.

A) share his learning experience with the best and brightest thinkers

B) participate in discussions with classmates and Facebook friends

C) vote for the best learners democratically

D) store information on the cloud

作者对于Inkling的批注系统感到最为兴奋是因为人们能够______。

A）和最优秀、最聪明的思考者分享自己的学习经验

B）参与同学和脸谱网上的朋友们的讨论

C）民主地选举最佳学习者

D）在云上储存信息

►线索词：Inkling's notation system

►定位处：第十四段第一句和第十六段

►解析：根据题干中的线索词Inkling's notation system可将本题答案定位至第十四段首句：但是对我来说，Inkling最激动人心的部分是它的批注系统。接着，作者在接下来的两段中进行了解释说明：就是说，使用者不仅可以看到他的同学以及脸谱网上的朋友所做的批注，而且还可以看到整个国家中购买了这本书的人所做的批注。然后，最佳注释将会通过一个投票系统以民主的方式筛选出来，这就意味着你可以和最优秀、最聪明的思考者分享你的协作学习经验。故可知，A项为正确答案。其他三项都是这一批注系统可以实现的功能，而非最让作者兴奋之处，都可排除。

7. One additional advantage of the interactive digital textbook is that ______.

A) students can switch to different discussions at any point

B) students can download relevant critical comments

C) professors can join in students' online discussions

D) professors can give prompt feedback to students' homework

互动式电子教科书的一个额外的优势是______。

A）学生可以随时转换到不同的讨论中

B）学生可以下载相关的批判性评论

C）教授可以参与学生的在线讨论

D）教授可以对学生的作业作出即时性反馈

►线索词：additional advantage，interactive digital textbook

►定位处：第十七段第一句

►解析：该句指出：还有另外一种好处是，教授甚至可以参与讨论。因此正确答案为C。

8. One of the challenges to build an interactive digital textbook from the ground up is that it takes a great deal of manpower to put together each one.

从头开始建立起互动式电子教科书的挑战之一是这需要花大量的人力来完成每一本书。

►线索词：build an interactive digital textbook from the ground up，takes a great deal of

►定位处：第二十一段

►解析：该段提到：每本互动教科书都是一种从头建立起来的含有丰富媒体的体验，你会发现完成每一本这样的书都需要耗费大量的人力。题干中的takes a great deal of是对文中takes a respectable amount of的同义转述，故应填入manpower to put together each one。

9. One problem for students to replace traditional textbooks with interactive digital ones is the high cost of the hardware.

对于学生而言，用互动式电子教科书取代传统教科书的一个问题是硬件的高额花销。

►线索词：replace traditional textbooks，interactive digital ones，hardware

►定位处：第二十二段

►解析：该段提到：尽管那些教育机构中有一些会给学生提供免费的硬件，但对于没有这种奢侈品的学生来说，这仍然是一笔额外的花销，而且非常昂贵。故可知此处在讨论硬件的价格贵，再根据文中的信息词an added layer of cost可以推断应填入cost。

10. According to the author, whether digital textbooks will catch on still remains to be seen.

根据作者的观点，电子教科书是否会流行起来仍然有待观察。

►线索词：digital textbooks，catch on，still

►定位处：第二十三段第二句

►解析：该句提到：对于类似Inkling这样的数字互动型产品是否能够真正发展起来，仍然有待观察，而且我们很可能在未来的几年都不会有一个明确的答案。题干中的catch on对应文中的take off，二者都表示“流行起来；发展起来”。题干中的主语为whether引导的主语从句，故应填入谓语：remains to be seen。

Part III　Listening Comprehension

Section A

11. A) Children should be taught to be more careful.

B) Children shouldn't drink so much orange juice.

C) There is no need for the man to make such a fuss.

D) Timmy should learn to do things in the right way.

M: I don't know what to do with Timmy. This morning I found orange juice spilled all over the kitchen floor.

W: Don't be so hard on him. He's only four.

Q: What does the woman mean?

A）应该教孩子们更细心一些。

B）孩子们不应该喝这么多橙汁。

C）这位男士没必要大惊小怪。

D）蒂米应该学会用正确的方法做事。

男：我不知道该拿蒂米怎么办好了。今天早上我发现厨房的地板上洒了一地的橙汁。

女：不要对他这么苛刻。他才只有四岁。

问：这位女士是什么意思？

►听前预测：

①两项以children开头，一项以Timmy（昵称）开头。

②两项含有should，一项含有shouldn't。

③一项含有be more careful，一项含有the right way。

结论：对话可能与小孩子做错了事或应该如何做有关。

►解析：男士一大早发现厨房的地板上洒了一地的橙汁，很生气，跟女士抱怨说真不知道该拿蒂米（很可能是他的儿子）怎么办了。女士说：“不要对他这么苛刻。他才四岁。”可见女士觉得小孩子淘气一些情有可原，男士不应该发这么大的火，故C项为正确答案。本题的难点有两个：首先，对话中的be hard on sb.意为“对某人苛刻”；其次，C项中的短语make a fuss意为“大惊小怪，小题大做”。

12.  A) Fitness training.

B) The new job offer.

C) Computer programming.

D) Directorship of the club.

W: Excuse me, sir. I would like to know about the fitness training program in your club.

M: I'll have you speak with the director in charge of new accounts.

Q: What is the woman interested in?

A）健身训练。

B）新的工作机会。

C）计算机编程。

D）俱乐部的主管职位。

女：打扰一下，先生。我很想了解一下你们俱乐部的健身训练项目。

男：我让我们负责新客户业务的主管和您谈吧。

问：这位女士对什么感兴趣？

►听前预测：

①四项均为名词短语，分别为健身训练、新的工作机会、计算机编程和俱乐部的主管职位。

②两项含有与健身有关的词汇（fitness training，club），两项含有与工作有关的词汇（job offer，directorship）。

结论：需留意对话中提到的事物是否与健身或工作相关。

►解析：女士想询问有关某俱乐部健身训练项目的信息，男士答复说他将请他们负责新客户（new accounts）业务的主管来向女士介绍。A项中的fitness training是原词重现，故为答案。

13. A) He needs to buy a new sweater.

B) He has got to save on fuel bills.

C) The fuel price has skyrocketed.

D) The heating system doesn't work.

W: It's really cold in this apartment. Can we turn up the heat a little bit?

M: Sorry, I've run out of money and can hardly pay the fuel bill. Maybe you'd better put on a sweater.

Q: What does the man mean?

A）他需要买一件新毛衣。

B）他不得不节省燃料费。

C）燃料的价格大幅上涨。

D）供热系统坏了。

女：这个房间里真的很冷。我们把暖气温度调高一点好吗？

男：很抱歉，我没有钱了，几乎付不起燃料费账单了。也许你最好穿上一件毛衣。

问：这位男士是什么意思？

►听前预测：

①两项以he开头。

②一项含有needs，一项含有has got to。

③三项含有与金钱或买卖有关的词汇（buy，save on，bills，price）。

④两项提及fuel，一项提及heating。

结论：本题可能涉及购买、花钱等事宜，并可能与燃料、采暖有关。应留意听男士的话，重点是判断出他不得不做什么事情。

►解析：女士向男士抱怨房间里太冷了，问能不能把暖气温度调高一点（turn up the heat）。男士回答说他没有钱了（run out of money），几乎付不起燃料费账单了，建议女士还是多穿一件毛衣凑合一下。可见男士是因为没钱了，付不起更多采暖费，所以不敢调高暖气温度，也就是他不得不节省燃料费。故选B。

14.  A) Committing theft.

B) Taking pictures.

C) Window shopping.

D) Posing for the camera.

M: I'm sorry, miss. But you have to come with me to the security office. The video cameras in our shop have recorded everything you did.

W: No, no. I...I didn't do anything. I'll call the police if you dare insult me.

Q: What does the man think the woman was doing?

A）行窃。

B）拍照。

C）只逛不买。

D）为拍照而摆姿势。

男：很抱歉，小姐。不过你得跟我来一趟保卫室。我们商店里的摄像头已经记录下了你所做的一切。

女：不，不。我……我什么都没干。如果你胆敢侮辱我的话，我就报警。

问：男士认为女士刚才在做什么？

►听前预测：

①四项均为动名词短语。

②两项含有与拍照有关的词汇（taking pictures，posing，camera）。

结论：本题考查动作，可能与拍照有关。

►解析：对话中提到了camera，但不是“照相机”，而是video camera“摄像头”。男士叫住女士，让她跟他去一下保卫室，称他们商店的摄像头拍下了女士所做的事情，但是女士坚称她没有不当行为，如果男士敢侮辱她的话她就报警。根据男士所说的security office可知事情与安保有关，再由摄像头监控可知男士很可能是怀疑女士在商店行窃，答案为A。

15. A) She is taking some medicine.

B) She has not seen a doctor yet.

C) She does not trust the man's advice.

D) She has almost recovered from the cough.

M: I think you ought to see a doctor right away about that cough.

W: Well, I'll wait a few more days. I'm sure I'll get over it soon.

Q: What do we learn about the woman?

A）她在吃药。

B）她还没有看过医生。

C）她不相信男士的建议。

D）她的咳嗽好得差不多了。

男：我想你应该立刻去让医生看一下你的咳嗽。

女：嗯……我再等几天吧。我相信我会很快好起来的。

问：关于该女士，我们了解到了什么？

►听前预测：

①四项均以she开头。

②三项含有与生病有关的词汇（medicine，doctor，recover，cough）。

③一项为现在进行时，一项为一般现在时，两项为现在完成时。

结论：女士可能生病了，题目可能与女士目前的状况或女士已经采取的应对措施有关。

►解析：女士想必咳嗽得厉害，因此男士才对她说：“我想你应该立刻去让医生看一下你的咳嗽。”对此女士的回答是她想再等几天（wait a few more days），因为她确信自己很快就会好起来的，意思应该是如果不好转的话再去。可见女士还没有去看医生。故选B。

16. A) Pamela's report is not finished as scheduled.

B) Pamela has a habit of doing things in a hurry.

C) Pamela is not good at writing research papers.

D) Pamela's mistakes could have been avoided.

M: I've heard that Pamela made quite a few mistakes in her lab report.

W: Well, she wouldn't have if she hadn't been in such a hurry to get it done.

Q: What does the woman imply?

A）帕梅拉的报告没有按时完成。

B）帕梅拉有做什么事情都很匆忙的习惯。

C）帕梅拉不擅长写研究论文。

D）帕梅拉的错误本可以避免。

男：我听说帕梅拉在她的实验报告中犯了不少错误。

女：嗯，如果她不那么匆忙完成的话也就不会犯这么多错误了。

问：这位女士暗示什么？

►听前预测：

①四项均以Pamela开头。

②两项含有与研究有关的词汇（report，research papers）。

③三项含有表示否定含义的词汇（not，avoided）。

结论：对话可能与帕梅拉所做的研究有关，涉及某种不好的情况。应留意对话中提到Pamela的地方说了什么。

►解析：男士听说帕梅拉在她的实验报告中犯了不少的错误，女士回答道：“如果她不那么匆忙完成的话也就不会犯这么多错误了。”可见，女士暗示mistakes与in a hurry相关，这种情况本可以避免。答案应选D。

17. A) In the left-luggage office.

B) At the hotel reception.

C) In a hotel room.

D) At an airport.

M: We'd better check out before 12 o'clock, Mary. And now there are only 30 minutes left.

W: Let's hurry up. You go pay the bill, and I'll call the reception to have our luggage taken downstairs.

Q: Where does this conversation most probably take place?

A）在行李寄存处。

B）在宾馆的前台。

C）在宾馆的房间。

D）在机场。

男：玛丽，我们最好在12点之前退房。现在只剩下30分钟了。

女：那我们赶快吧。你去结账，我给前台打电话叫人帮我们把行李搬下楼。

问：对话最有可能发生在什么地方？

►听前预测：

①四项均为地点状语，分别为在行李寄存处、在宾馆的前台、在宾馆的房间、在机场。

②四个地点均与旅途有关。

结论：应留意文中的地点信息，因为本题很可能是问对话发生在什么地方，或者两人约好在什么地方见面。

►解析：男士和女士说他们最好能在12点之前退房（check out），现在时间紧迫。女士说得抓紧时间，让男士先去结账，她给前台打电话叫人帮忙把行李搬下楼。不难推知这两个人还在宾馆的房间中。故选C。

18. A) She was an excellent student at college.

B) She works in the entertainment business.

C) She is fond of telling stories in her speech.

D) She is good at conveying her message.

W: Have you ever heard this speaker before?

M: Yeah. She's excellent. She gets her point across, and is entertaining at the same time.

Q: What does the man say about the speaker?

A）她曾是一名很优秀的大学生。

B）她在娱乐界工作。

C）她喜欢在演讲中讲故事。

D）她善于表达自己。

女：你之前听说过这个演讲者吗？

男：是的，她很棒。她能清楚地传达她的观点，同时又讲得很风趣。

问：关于这位演讲者男士说了什么？

►听前预测：

①四项均以she开头

②四项分别涉及女士的身份、工作、爱好和擅长的事情。

③三项为一般现在时，一项为一般过去时。

结论：应留意对女士进行描述的内容。

►解析：题目所问的女士并不是正在说话的女士，而是一位speaker。对话中女士问男士之前是否听说过这位演讲者，男士给予了肯定回答，并说这位演讲者既能清楚传达她的观点（get her point across），同时又讲得很风趣。故选D。本题的重点在于明白get one's point across这一短语的意思是“清楚地传达某人的观点”。

Conversation One

听力原文&译文

M:［19］What should I do about Mr. Romero? Remember? He said it was important, and couldn't wait. I think he may want you for that new movie he's directing.

W: That's absolutely correct. Now, we have to fit him in somewhere. Uh...what does Monday morning look like?

M: That doesn't look so good. You have a makeup session starting at 6:00, then filming starts at eight, and that's going to take the whole morning.

W: Well, what's after that?

M:［20］You'll have lunch with your agents to discuss the awards ceremony and you ought to meet them at 1 o'clock at the restaurant.

W: Oh, terrific! Listen, I cannot miss that, but I still have to make time for Mr. Romero.

M: Well, now, don't forget you've got a 3 o'clock appointment with your fashion designer.

W: That's right. You know he's showing the latest fashions from Japan? You know that loose-fitting look? Those clothes are so in this year.

M: At 4:30 you have an appointment with your hair dresser. Then at 7:00, you have dinner with a journalist. Now remember: Be nice to that guy.

W: Do I have to? That won't be easy. And it's likely to run late. How does Tuesday look?

M: Well, you have to spend the whole morning at the photographers'. They are taking photos to publicize your new movie.

W: What about the afternoon? Am I free then?

M: Let me see. Yes, you are free after 3:30.

W: Then you can set up a meeting with Mr. Romero at 4:00.

M:［21］OK. I will get on it right away.

男：［19］我应该怎么安排罗梅罗先生？还记得吗？他说事情很重要，不能等。我觉得他可能是想让你参演他要执导的那部新电影。

女：肯定是这样的。现在，我们得把他排进日程表。嗯……周一上午怎么样？

男：那不太合适。你六点要开始化妆，然后从八点开始拍摄电影，那将花去整个上午的时间。

女：哦，在那之后有什么安排？

男：［20］你将和你的经纪人一起吃午餐，讨论颁奖典礼的事情。你要在下午一点钟和他们在饭店见面。

女：哦，很好！听着，我不能错过这件事，但我还是必须抽出时间和罗梅罗先生见面。

男：嗯，好的。但你别忘了，你三点钟还约了你的服装设计师。

女：对。你知道他将展示来自日本的最新时装吧？你知道那种宽松的款式吗？那些衣服在今年非常流行。

男：在四点半，你约了你的发型师。然后，在七点钟，你要和一位记者一起吃晚饭。记住，要对他友善一点。

女：我必须去吗？那不太容易，而且很有可能会到很晚。那星期二呢？

男：嗯，你整个上午都得待在摄影棚。他们将为你拍照片来宣传你的新电影。

女：那下午呢？那时我有空吗？

男：我看看。是的，你在三点半之后就没事了。

女：那你可以将我和罗梅罗先生的会面安排在四点钟。

男：［21］好的。我马上安排。

19.  A) Arranging the woman's appointment with Mr. Romero.

B) Fixing the time for the designer's latest fashion show.

C) Talking about an important gathering on Tuesday.

D) Preparing for the filming on Monday morning.

Q: What are the speakers doing?

A）安排女士与罗梅罗先生的会面。

B）确定参加设计师的最新时装秀的时间。

C）谈论周二的一场重要聚会。

D）准备周一上午的电影拍摄。

问：说话者在做什么？

►听前预测：

①四项均以动词-ing形式开头。

②四项均提到了具体的事项（appointment with Mr. Romero，the designer's latest fashion show，an important gathering，the filming）。

③两项含有与时间安排有关的词（arranging the woman's appointment，fixing the time），两项提到了具体的时间点（Tuesday，Monday morning）。

结论：本题考查的内容可能与事项安排有关。听音时应关注与时间有关的词以及具体的事项安排，并注意加以区分。

►解析：开头部分就点明了整个对话的主题，男士问女士应该怎样安排罗梅罗先生，他有很重要的事情要和女士谈，女士说必须把他排进日程表。然后两人对女士周一和周二的时间安排进行了讨论，并最终找到了合适的时间。故可知，本题答案为A项。其他三项中的designer、fashion、gathering、filming对话中都有原词或同义词出现，但这些只是女士在周一或周二原有的具体安排，并非两人正在讨论的事情，故均可排除。

20. A) Her travel to Japan.

B) The awards ceremony.

C) The proper hairstyle for her new role.

D) When to start the makeup session.

Q: What is the woman going to discuss with her agents over lunch on Monday?

A）她去日本的旅行。

B）颁奖典礼。

C）适合她新角色的发型。

D）什么时候开始化妆。

问：女士打算在周一的午餐时间与她的经纪人谈论什么？

►听前预测：

①三项为名词短语，一项为可以起到名词作用的不定式短语。

②两项中提到了her。

结论：本题考查的内容可能与女士要做的事情有关。由于选项信息点比较分散，考生在听音时要注意与女士有关的内容，并将听音重点放在travel to Japan、awards ceremony、hairstyle和makeup session上，然后根据问题做出判断。

►解析：在谈到周一的安排时，男士说女士上午要化妆和拍摄电影，然后要和经纪人一起吃午饭，并讨论颁奖典礼的事情。故本题答案为选项B。B项中的awards ceremony（颁奖典礼）属于原词重现。

21. A) He is Mr. Romero's agent.

B) He is an entertainment journalist.

C) He is the woman's assistant.

D) He is a famous movie star.

Q: What do we learn from the conversation about the man?

A）他是罗梅罗先生的经纪人。

B）他是一名娱乐记者。

C）他是女士的助理。

D）他是一位著名的电影明星。

问：关于男士，我们可以从对话中知道什么？

►听前预测：

①四项均以he开头。

②四项分别提到了四种不同的职业（agent，entertainment journalist，assistant，movie star）。

结论：本题可能考查的是男士的职业。听音时要对与男士有关的内容或表示职业的词语多加注意。

►解析：对话一开始，男士就问女士应该怎么安排她与罗梅罗先生的见面，然后在女士要求必须把罗梅罗先生排进日程表之后，男士告诉了女士她周一和周二各个时间段的事项安排，对话结尾处，男士回复女士“好的，我马上安排”，由此可知男士是女士的助理。A项中的agent和B项中的journalist对话中均有出现，但两者都是女士会面的对象；D项文中未提及，故三项均可排除。

Conversation Two

听力原文&译文

M: I'm finding out about this job you've advertised in the paper. This, uh, young sales manager?

W: Oh, yes.

M: I'd like to apply for it. Would you send me an application form?

W:［22］No. You simply send a written application, a letter.

M: Can you tell me a bit more about the job?

W: Well,［23］we're really looking for someone who isn't too concerned about working fairly long hours.

M: What do you mean by "long hours"?

W: This is a job which does, as the advertisement says, have travel possibilities and very often one would be away at weekends, for instance.

M: Oh, I thought you meant working in the evenings and working overtime.

W: Well, it could also mean working in the evenings. But for a managerial post, I am afraid we don't pay overtime. Um...that's for other grades.

M:［25］Oh, what kind of money are you paying then?

W:［25］Well, this is to be negotiated. Uh, it depends partly on your experience and education. Perhaps you can tell me briefly what that is?

M: I've just left school and got A-level in geography.

W: Oh, I see.

M:［24］And it's the travel that appeals to me. That's why I'm inquiring about the job.

W: Yes, I see. What sort of salary were you thinking in terms of?

M: Starting off... I thought it would be something like 500 pounds a week.

W; Well, send in a written application and then we'll consider your case along with all the other applicants.

M: All right. Many thanks. Goodbye.

W: Bye.

男：我在报纸上看到了你们的招聘广告。是要招，呃，年轻的销售经理？

女：哦，是的。

男：我想申请这个职位。您能发给我一份申请表吗？

女：［22］不需要申请表。你只需寄送一份书面申请，信件形式的就行。

男：您能告诉我有关这份工作的更多信息吗？

女：是这样的，［23］我们真正想招的是对工作时间较长不太在意的人。

男：您说的“时间较长”是什么意思？

女：就像广告上所说的，这份工作确实有可能需要出差，比如说，员工的出差时间会包含周末，这一点十分常见。

男：哦，我还以为您指的是要上夜班或加班呢。

女：嗯，也可能意味着要上夜班。但是对于管理岗位来说，我恐怕我们不会支付加班费。呃……那是针对其他级别的。

男：［25］哦，那么你们的薪资水平是怎样的呢？

女：［25］嗯，这个需要商讨。呃，它部分取决于你的工作经验和教育背景。或许你可以大概告诉我一下你的相关情况？

男：我刚刚毕业，地理学专业，成绩是A。

女：哦，我知道了。

男：［24］这份工作吸引我的地方正是可以出差。这是我咨询它的原因。

女：嗯，我知道了。你原来期望的薪资水平是怎样的呢？

男：起薪是……我觉得应该差不多一周500英镑。

女：好的，寄来一份书面申请，然后我们会将你和其他申请者一起考虑。

男：好的。非常感谢。再见。

女：再见。

22. A) Make an appointment for an interview.

B) Send in an application letter.

C) Fill in an application form.

D) Make a brief self-introduction on the phone.

Q: What does the woman say an applicant should do first to apply for the job?

A）预约面试。

B）寄送一封申请信。

C）填写一份申请表。

D）在电话中做一个简单的自我介绍。

问：女士说申请者要想申请这份工作应该先做什么？

►听前预测：

①四项均以动词原形开头。

②四项均含有与面试或职位申请有关的词语（interview，application letter，application form，self-introduction）。

结论：该题对动作或行为进行考查，可能与面试的具体环节有关。具体是预约面试、寄送申请信、填写申请表还是在电话中做简单的自我介绍，需要考生在听音时根据关键词加以判断。

►解析：在对话的开头部分，男士说自己想要申请女士公司的职位，问女士是否可以给他发一张申请表，女士说不用填写申请表，只需寄送一份申请信就可以了。由此可见，申请者想要申请这份工作首先应该寄送一份申请信，故B项为正确答案。C项是男士询问女士的内容，并非女士所要求的；A、D两项文中并未提及，故三项均可排除。

23. A) Someone having a college degree in advertising.

B) Someone experienced in business management.

C) Someone ready to take on more responsibilities.

D) Someone willing to work beyond regular hours.

Q: What kind of a person is the company looking for?

A）具有广告专业大学文凭的人。

B）在商务管理方面有经验的人。

C）愿意承担更多责任的人。

D）愿意在正常上班时间以外工作的人。

问：这家公司想要招聘一个什么样的人？

►听前预测：

①四项均以someone开头，且均为名词短语。

②两项含有与求职者的教育背景或工作经验有关的词（a college degree in advertising，experienced in business management），两项含有与求职者个人素质有关的词（ready to take on more responsibilities，willing to work beyond regular hours）。

结论：结合上题的听前预测可知，该题可能考查某职位所面向的求职对象。听音时应将重点放在college degree、experienced、take on more responsibilities和work beyond regular hours上。

►解析：对话中女士提到，她的公司真正想要招聘的是对较长的工作时间不太在意的人，然后又进一步解释说这个工作可能需要出差，而且出差经常包含周末，也意味着要上夜班。也就是说，这家公司想要招聘的是愿意在正常上班时间以外工作的人，故D项为正确答案。对话中虽然提到了教育背景和工作经验，但那是制定工资标准时考虑的因素；C项文中未提及，故A、B、C三项均可排除。

24.  A) Travel opportunities.

B) Handsome pay.

C) Prospects for promotion.

D) Flexible working hours.

Q: What does the man like most about the job?

A）出差机会。

B）丰厚的报酬。

C）升职前景。

D）弹性工作时间。

问：男士最喜欢这份工作的哪一点？

►听前预测：

①四项均为名词短语。

②四项的内容均与工作的优点有关。

结论：本题考查的内容可能是某职位具有吸引力的方面。具体是出差机会、丰厚的报酬、升职前景还是弹性工作时间，需要考生在听音时对相关内容多加留意。

►解析：在对话的后半部分，男士告诉女士“这份工作吸引我的地方正是可以出差。这是我咨询它的原因。”可见男士最喜欢这份工作的一点就是它有出差机会，故答案为A项。其中appeal to意为“对……有吸引力”，与问题中的like属于同义转换。对话中男士说了自己对薪资的期待，但女士并没有告诉男士薪资水平是怎样的，故B项可排除；C项文中未提及；根据上题的解析可知D项也可排除。

25. A) It depends on the working hours.

B) It is about 500 pounds a week.

C) It will be set by the Human Resources.

D) It is to be negotiated.

Q: What does the woman say about the salary if the man is accepted by the company?

A）它取决于工作时间。

B）它大约为一周500英镑。

C）它由人力资源部门来确定。

D）它还需商讨。

问：根据女士的话，如果男士被公司录用了，薪资是怎样的？

►听前预测：

①四项均以it开头。

②三项含有与薪资或薪资制定有关的词语（depends on the working hours，about 500 pounds a week，be set by the Human Resources）。

结论：本题可能考查与薪资有关的内容，具体是取决于工作时间、每周500英镑还是由人力资源部门确定，需要考生根据听音内容加以判断，并将听音重点放在各选项的关键词上。

►解析：在对话中，当男士问女士薪资水平是怎样的，女士说这个还需要商讨，它部分取决于男士的工作经验和教育背景。故可知D项为正确答案。A、C两项在对话中未提及，故排除。B项是男士自己期望的薪酬，故也可排除。

Section B

Passage One

听力原文&译文

［26］A typical large supermarket offers around 17,000 to 20,000 items for sale, and it wants to make sure that its customers see as many of them as possible. That's why you'll only find essential goods like bread, vegetables and meat in completely different parts of the store.［27］Products with a high profit margin are always placed on shelves within easy reach of the customer, while lower margin items like sugar or flower are on the top or bottom shelves. Many people make shopping lists before they visit supermarkets.［28］But even so, around 60% of all supermarket purchases are the result of decisions that are taken in the store. For this reason, supermarkets try to attract their customers by placing certain kinds of products next to each other. In the UK, beer will often be found next to items for babies because research shows that fathers of babies buy them on their way home from work, and will buy beer at the same time. Research has also showed that this kind of impulse-buy happens more frequently when no sales assistances are nearby.［29］Supermarkets have made selling such a fine art that their customers often lose all sense of time. When interviewed, customers normally guess they have only spent half an hour in the supermarket even when they have been there for over 45 minutes. But that shouldn't be too surprising. Any witty profitable supermarket knows that it should keep its clocks well hidden.

［26］一个典型的大型超市会销售17,000至20,000种商品，并且希望可以确保顾客看到尽可能多的商品。这就是为什么你会发现那些生活必需品，诸如面包、蔬菜和肉类，会被摆放在超市内完全不同的位置。［27］利润高的商品通常被摆放在顾客容易拿到的货架上，而利润低的商品，如糖或花，则被摆放在最上面或最下面的货架上。很多人在去超市之前会列出购物清单。［28］但即便如此，顾客在超市购买的60％左右的商品都是在超市里临时做决定买下的。出于这一原因，超市会将某些种类的商品摆放在一起，竭力吸引顾客购买。在英国，经常会发现啤酒被摆放在婴儿用品旁边，因为研究显示，婴儿的父亲通常会在下班回家的路上购买婴儿用品，而且他们也会同时购买啤酒。研究还显示，在附近没有售货员的情况下，此类冲动消费发生得更加频繁。［29］超市使得销售行为成为一种艺术，以至于顾客经常在超市中忘记了时间。在采访中，顾客通常会猜测他们在超市中只逗留了半小时，而实际上他们已经待了45分钟以上。但这并不十分奇怪，任何一家聪明的、赢利的超市都知道应该把时钟好好藏起来。

整体预测

快速浏览本部分所有选项，由其中的关键词customers、goods、shelves和sales assistants可大致推断，该文章很可能讲的是与超市购物有关的内容，因此在听音时需要重点关注与之相关的信息。

26. A) To give customers a wider range of choices.

B) To make shoppers see as many items as possible.

C) To supply as many varieties of goods as it can.

D) To save space for more profitable products.

Q: Why are essential goods displayed in totally different parts of the supermarket?

A）为顾客提供更广的选择范围。

B）使顾客尽可能看到更多的商品。

C）提供尽可能多种类的商品。

D）为利润更高的商品节省空间。

问：为什么生活必需品被摆放在超市内完全不同的位置？

►解题思路：

①四项均为不定式短语，可推断该题可能对目的进行提问。

②两项含有与顾客相关的词（customers，shoppers），两项含有与商品相关的词（goods，products）。

结论：本题可能考查超市做某事的目的，应该与顾客或者商品相关。听音重点为give customers...choices、make shoppers see...items、supply...goods和save space for...products。

►解析：文章开头提到超市希望尽可能让顾客看到更多的商品，因此将面包、蔬菜和肉类等生活必需品摆放在超市的不同位置，故B项正确。其余三项均不符合文章的意思，故排除。

27. A) On the top shelves.

B) On the bottom shelves.

C) On easily accessible shelves.

D) On clearly marked shelves.

Q: Where are goods with a high profit margin usually found?

A）在最上面的货架上。

B）在最下面的货架上。

C）在容易拿到的货架上。

D）在标记清晰的货架上。

问：利润高的商品通常可以在哪里找到？

►解题思路：

①四项均为以on开头的介词短语。

②四项均含有shelves。

结论：本题可能考查超市中的某种商品放在哪种货架上，听音时应重点关注此类信息。

►解析：文中提到，超市中利润高的商品通常被摆放在顾客最容易拿到的货架上，C项中的easily accessible是原文中within easy reach的同义表达，故为正确答案。

28.  A) Many of them buy things on impulse.

B) A few of them are fathers with babies.

C) A majority of them are young couples.

D) Over 60% of them make shopping lists.

Q: What does the speaker say about supermarket goers?

A）他们当中很多人购买东西是出于冲动。

B）他们当中一些人是有宝宝的父亲。

C）他们当中大多数人是年轻夫妻。

D）他们当中超过60％的人会列购物清单。

问：关于去超市购物的人，说话者说了什么？

►解题思路：

①四项中均含有them。

②四项均含有与数量相关的词（many of，a few of，a majority of，60% of）。

③两项中含有与购物相关的词（buy things，shopping lists）。

结论：本题考查的内容可能与them中一定数量的人的购物情况有关，需根据听音内容先判断出them的指代对象，再有针对性地作答。

►解析：文中提到，超市售出的60％左右的商品都是顾客在超市里临时决定购买的，这说明很多顾客在超市的消费都是出于一时冲动，故A项为正确选项。其余三项均不符合文中对超市顾客的描述，故排除。

29. A) Sales assistants promoting high margin goods.

B) Sales assistants following customers around.

C) Customers competing for good bargains.

D) Customers losing all sense of time.

Q: What shouldn't be too surprising according to the speaker?

A）推销高利润商品的售货员。

B）跟随在顾客身后的售货员。

C）争相购买廉价商品的顾客。

D）完全没有时间感的顾客。

问：根据说话者的叙述，什么事情不会太令人奇怪？

►解题思路：

①四项均为名词短语。

②两项含有sales assistants，两项含有customers。

结论：该题可能是对售货员或顾客的某种行为进行考查，听音重点为high margin goods、following customers around、competing for good bargains以及losing all sense of time。

►解析：文章最后提到，超市使得销售行为成为一种艺术，以至于顾客经常在超市中忘记了时间，但这并不十分奇怪，任何一家聪明的、赢利的超市都会把时钟好好藏起来。D项符合文中表述，故为正确答案。

Passage Two

听力原文&译文

［30］When Mattie Salon was working on the degree in arts and technology at university, he got an interesting assignment in electronics class—create something for the household. He decided to create an alarm clock. "Everybody has to use an alarm clock of some kind every day, and it's extremely unpleasant," he says.［31］He asked different people what they'd like to wake up to instead of a noisy alarm. A lot of them said "the smell of bacon".［32］So Salon invented a new kind of alarm clock—a wooden box with a pig face and a digital clock that uses the smell of cooking bacon rather than sound to wake someone up. He explains, "There is no danger of burning because I build it carefully. It uses light bulbs instead of a flame for cooking and turns off automatically after 10 minutes." Just a few easy steps are required to set the alarm. "What you do is put in a couple of frozen strips the night before," says Salon. Bacon is preserved so there is no danger of it spoiling over night. "If you set the alarm for 8 o'clock, it will turn on at 7:50 and slow cook for ten minutes under the bulbs," he says. "Then the bulbs turn off and the fan blows the smell out through the nose of the pig. So instead of an alarm, you smell yourself awake," says Salon. "Then you can open the door on the side and pull the bacon out and eat it."

［30］马蒂·萨隆在大学攻读艺术与科技专业的时候，电子学课给学生们布置了一项有趣的作业——发明一种家用器具。他决定发明一种闹钟。“大家每天或多或少都要使用闹钟，而使用闹钟的体验极其不愉快。”他说。［31］他向不同的人询问，他们想要用什么东西代替刺耳的闹钟铃声来把自己唤醒。很多人说喜欢用“培根的香味”。［32］于是萨隆发明了一种新型闹钟——一个木盒，上面有一张猪脸，还有一个数字时钟，它用烹制培根的香味而非铃声来把人唤醒。他解释说：“不用担心盒子会烧着，因为那是我精心制作而成的。盒子用灯泡代替明火来烹制培根，而且10分钟之后就会自动关闭。”只需简单的几步就可以上好闹钟。“你要做的就是在前一天晚上把两片冷冻培根放进去。”萨隆说。培根是腌制过的，因此过上一夜也不会变质。“假如你把闹钟的时间定在8点，那么在7:50的时候它就会启动，在灯泡下面慢慢地烹制10分钟。”他说。“随后灯泡就会熄灭，电扇把培根的香气从猪鼻子里吹出来。于是你就会被香气唤醒，而不是被闹钟吵醒。”萨隆说。“然后你就可以把盒子侧面的门打开，把培根拿出来吃了。”

整体预测

快速浏览各题选项，根据其中的关键词research、designs、experiments、automatic mechanism推测，本文很可能与设计制作某种机械装置有关，听音时应重点关注与之相关的内容。

30. A) Teaching mathematics at a school.

B) Doing research in an institute.

C) Studying for a college degree.

D) Working in a high-tech company.

Q: What was Mattie Salon doing when he created an alarm clock?

A）在学校教数学。

B）在研究所做科研工作。

C）攻读大学学位。

D）在高科技企业工作。

问：马蒂·萨隆发明闹钟的时候他在做什么？

►解题思路：

①四项均为动名词短语。

②四项均含有表示“处所”的词（school，institute，college，high-tech company）。

结论：本题考查某人在什么地方做什么事情，听音时应注意与处所有关的信息。

►解析：短文开头就提到，马蒂·萨隆在大学攻读艺术与科技专业，新型闹钟是他为完成电子学课的作业而发明的，故C项正确。A项中的mathematics的读音与本文主人公的名字Mattie Salon相似，在听音时应注意区分，避免被误导。

31. A) He studied the designs of various clocks.

B) He did experiments on different materials.

C) He bought an alarm clock with a pig face.

D) He asked different people for their opinions.

Q: What did Mattie Salon do before making the new type of alarm clock?

A）他研究了各种闹钟的设计。

B）他用不同的材料进行了试验。

C）他买了一个带有一张猪脸的闹钟。

D）他询问了不同人的意见。

问：马蒂·萨隆在制作新型闹钟之前做了什么？

►解题思路：

①四项的主语均为he。

②两项含有与“钟表”有关的词（clocks，alarm clock）。

③两项含有与“制作某种东西所需的物品”有关的词（designs，materials）。

结论：本题可能考查与he制作钟表有关的事情，听音时首先要确定he的指代对象。

►解析：短文提到，马蒂·萨隆征询了很多人的意见，问他们喜欢被如何唤醒，然后他根据这些人的回答决定发明一种用培根的香味代替铃声的闹钟，故D项正确。选项中的he指代的是马蒂·萨隆。选项A、B短文中并未提及，可排除；选项C的意思是“他买了一个带有一张猪脸的闹钟”，根据短文，这个闹钟是他自己设计制作的，而不是买来的，故C项也可排除。

32. A) Its automatic mechanism.

B) Its manufacturing process.

C) Its way of waking people up.

D) Its funny-looking pig face.

Q: What makes the newly-invented alarm clock so unique?

A）它的自动机械装置。

B）它的制作过程。

C）它唤醒人们的方式。

D）它上面滑稽的猪脸。

问：是什么使这种新发明的闹钟如此独特？

►解题思路：四项均为名词短语，且均以its开头。本题考查的很可能是it的某种性质，听音时首先要确定it指代的是什么。

►解析：短文提到，马蒂·萨隆在征询了很多人的意见之后，决定发明一种新型闹钟，这种闹钟不使用铃声，而是用烹制培根的香味来把睡梦中的人们唤醒，由此可知，这款闹钟的独特之处在于用香味取代传统的铃声，故C项正确。选项中的it指代的是马蒂·萨隆发明的新型闹钟。根据常识，“自动机械装置”在很多器具、机械上都有，算不上独特；选项B“它的制作过程”短文中并未提及；做成各种卡通造型的闹钟比比皆是，故“它上面滑稽的猪脸”也算不上独特，故A、B、D三项均可排除。

Passage Three

听力原文&译文

Most people feel lonely sometimes, but it usually only lasts between a few minutes and a few hours. For some people though, loneliness can last for years. Psychologists are studying this complex phenomenon, and have identified three different types of loneliness.

The first kind of loneliness is temporary. It usually disappears quickly and does not require any special attention.［33］The second type, situational loneliness is a natural result of a particular situation, for example, a divorce or moving to a new place. Although this kind of loneliness can cause physical problems, it usually does not last for more than a year. Unlike the second type, the third kind of loneliness usually lasts more than 2 years and has no specific cause.［34］People who experience habitual loneliness have problems socializing and becoming close to others. Unfortunately, many of them think there is little or nothing they can do about it. Psychologists agree that one important factor in loneliness is a person's social contacts, for example, friends, family members, etc. We depend on various people for different reasons. For instance, our families give us emotional supports, and our friends share similar interest and activity. However, psychologists have found that the number of social contacts we have is not the only reason for loneliness.［35］It is more important how many social contacts we think or expect we should have. In other words, though lonely people may have many social contacts, they sometimes feel they should have more. They question their own popularity.

大部分人都会偶尔感到孤独，但这种感觉通常只持续几分钟或者几个小时。但是对一些人来说，孤独感会持续多年。心理学家正在研究这种复杂的现象，并且已经确定了三种不同类型的孤独。

第一种是暂时性孤独。这种孤独感通常很快就会消失，并且不需要给予特别的关注。［33］第二种是情景性孤独，这是由某种特定情况，比如离婚或搬到一个新的地方，而造成的自然结果。尽管这种孤独感会引发身体上的问题，但它通常不会持续一年以上。与第二种不同，第三种类型的孤独通常会持续两年以上，并且没有特别的原因。经受习惯性孤独的人在社交以及与他人密切交往方面存在问题。遗憾的是，大部分经受习惯性孤独的人认为他们对这一问题基本上无能为力。［34］心理学家一致认为孤独感的一个重要因素就在于人的社会交往，比如和朋友、家庭成员等的接触。我们因为不同的原因依赖不同的人。比如，我们的家人给予我们情感支持，而我们的朋友与我们趣味相投，一起进行活动。但是心理学家已经发现，我们拥有的社交关系的数量并不是决定我们会不会孤独的唯一原因。［35］更重要的是，我们认为或者期望我们应该拥有多少社交关系。换句话说，尽管孤独的人可能有很多社交关系，但是他们有时会觉得自己应该拥有更多。他们质疑自己的受欢迎程度。

整体预测

快速浏览各题选项，根据其中的关键词special treatment、mix well、annoy their friends、blame others、lack consistent support和psychologically weak等推测，该短文可能与人们与他人的交往或心理疾病有关，可能涉及治疗以及心理健康等问题。具体细节需要进一步分析各个选项。

33.  A) It is often caused by a change of circumstances.

B) It actually doesn't require any special treatment.

C) It usually appears all of a sudden.

D) It generally lasts for several years.

Q: What does the speaker say about situational loneliness?

A）它往往是由环境的改变引起的。

B）事实上，它不需要任何特殊的治疗。

C）它通常会突然出现。

D）总的来说，它会持续几年之久。

问：关于情景性孤独，说话人说了什么？

►解题思路：

①四项均以it开头，需根据短文内容推测it指代什么。

②四项的核心词分别为环境改变、特殊治疗、突然出现和持续多年。

结论：从核心词推测it可能指一种疾病，本题可能考查这种疾病的具体特性。听音时要重点留意与疾病的原因、特点、持续时间等有关的信息。

►解析：短文在讲第二种孤独的时候提到，第二种孤独是情景性孤独，它是由某种特定情况引起的，像离婚或搬到一个新的地方都可能引起这种孤独。搬到一个新的地方也就是选项A所说的环境的改变，故选项A正确。B、C、D三项均无法从原文得知，可排除。

34.  A) They cannot mix well with others.

B) They incidentally annoy their friends.

C) They depend severely on family members.

D) They blame others for dissatisfying their needs.

Q: What problem will people have if they experience habitual loneliness?

A）他们不能与他人很好地相处。

B）他们会在不经意间惹恼他们的朋友。

C）他们严重依赖家人。

D）他们责怪别人不能满足他们的需要。

问：经受习惯性孤独的人会有什么样的问题？

►解题思路：

①四项均以they开头。

②四项均含有表示负面意义的内容（cannot mix well，incidentally annoy，depend severely on，blame others）。

结论：从核心词推测they指某一类人，本题可能考查这类人有什么不好的方面。听音时应根据短文内容推测出they的指代对象。

►解析：短文在讲习惯性孤独的时候提到，经受习惯性孤独的人在社交和与他人密切交往方面存在问题。由此可见他们无法与人很好地相处，故选项A正确。题干中的cannot mix well with others与原文中的have problems socializing and becoming close to others为同义转述。B、C、D三项原文没有提及，可排除。

35. A) They lack consistent support from peers.

B) They doubt their own popularity.

C) They were born psychologically weak.

D) They focus too much on themselves.

Q: Why do some people suffer loneliness according to psychologists?

A）他们缺少同龄人一贯的支持。

B）他们质疑自己的受欢迎程度。

C）他们生来就心理脆弱。

D）他们过于关注自己。

问：依照心理学家的说法，为什么有些人会患孤独症？

►解题思路：

①四项均以they开头。

②四项均含有表示负面意义的内容（lack consistent support，doubt their own popularity，born psychologically weak，focus too much on themselves）。

结论：从核心词推测they指某一类人，本题仍考查这类人有什么不好的方面，但与上题不同的是，本题需关注这类人本身有什么缺点。

►解析：短文最后提到，患孤独症与我们认为或者期望我们应该有多少社交关系有关，拥有很多社交关系的人仍可能患孤独症，因为他们觉得自己应该拥有更多的社交关系。他们质疑自己的受欢迎程度。故选项B正确。题干中的doubt their own popularity与原文中的question their own popularity为同义转述。A、C、D三项原文没有提及，均可排除。

Section C

听力原文&译文

There was a time when any personal information that was gathered about us was typed on a piece of paper and［36］locked away in a file cabinet. It could remain there for years and, often［37］forgotten, never reach the outside world.

Things have done a complete about-face since then.［38］Responsible for the change has been the astonishingly［39］swift development in recent years of the computer. Today, any data that is［40］collected about us in one place or another—and for one reason or another—can be stored in a computer bank. It can then be easily passed to other computer banks. They are owned by［41］individuals and by private businesses and corporations, lending［42］institutions, direct mailing and telemarketing firms, credit bureaus, credit card companies, and government［43］agencies at the local, state, and federal level.

A growing number of Americans are seeing the accumulation and distribution of computerized data as a frightening invasion of their privacy.［44］Surveys show that the number of worried Americans has been steadily growing over the years as the computer becomes increasingly efficient, easier to operate, and less costly to purchase and maintain. In 1970, a national survey showed that［45］37 percent of the people questioned felt their privacy was being invaded. Seven years later, 47 percent expressed the same worry.［46］A recent survey by a credit bureau reviewed that the number of alarmed citizens had shot up to 76 percent.

曾经有一段时期，被收集到的与我们有关的所有个人信息都被打印在一张纸上，然后［36］锁在一个文件柜中。这份档案可能会放在那儿很多年，经常［37］被遗忘，永远也不会接触到外部世界。

从那以后，事情就发生了彻底的改变。对这种改变［38］负有责任的就是近几年电脑技术令人震惊的［39］快速发展。如今，任何在不同地方、因不同原因而［40］被收集到的关于我们的数据都能被储存在一个电脑数据库之中。之后这些数据就可以轻易地被传送到其他的电脑数据库。这些数据库的所有者可能是［41］个人、私有企业、贷款［42］机构、直邮和电话营销公司、信用局、信用卡公司以及地方、州或联邦各级政府［43］机构。

现在，越来越多的美国人认为这些电脑存储数据的累积和散布是对他们隐私的一种可怕侵犯。［44］调查表明，随着电脑变得越来越高效和更容易操作，购买和维护费用更加低廉，对信息安全表示担忧的美国人的数量这些年来一直在稳定增长。1970年的一次全国性调查显示，［45］37％的被调查者感觉他们的隐私正在被侵犯。7年之后，47％的人表达了同样的担忧。［46］而最近由某个信用局发起的一次调查评论道：表示忧虑的民众的数量已经激增到总人口的76％。

Part IV　Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)

Section A

如果你走路时足够起劲，那散步便是最好的定期体育活动了。散步不需要任何器材，人人都会，而且受伤的危险性［47］最低。人类的身体生来就是要走路的。你可以在公园散步，沿着河岸散步，或是在小区里散步。要想从散步中获得［48］最大的益处，那就要以每天散步45分钟，平均每周散步五天为目标。

力量训练是体育活动另外一个重要的［49］组成部分。它的目的是练就和［50］维持骨骼及肌肉的质量，而这二者都会随着年龄的增长而萎缩。一般来说，你每周需要进行两到三次力量训练，每两次训练之间要［51］留几天恢复时间。

最后，随着身体的衰老，柔韧性和平衡性训练变得［52］越来越重要。人们在老年阶段，最常抱怨的事情之一就是各种各样的疼痛。许多由经常性的肌肉紧张所造成的状况和关节僵硬都是［53］可以避免的。简单的柔韧性训练可以令肌肉更加强壮、关节保持灵活，从而可以［54］阻止这些现象的发生。每当你伸展身体时，其实就是在做这种训练。如果观察一下狗和猫，你就会明白这是多么自然的事情了。总的［55］原则很简单：无论何时，如果身体保持某个姿势有一段时间了，就最好向相反的方向［56］短暂地伸展一下。

47. H

语法判断：空格前是定冠词the，空格后是名词短语risk of injury，可知空格处应填入形容词或分词来修饰这个名词短语，又由于空格前面有定冠词the，可判断此处应填入形容词的最高级。

语意判断：符合语法条件的选项有lowest和表示最高级的形容词maximum。lowest意为“最低的”，maximum意为“最高的，最大的”，两者意义正好相反。通过上下文可知，此处是在讲散步这种运动让人受伤的危险性。用常识就可以判断，散步让人受伤的危险性应该是最低的。故选H。

48. J

语法判断：空格前为动词get，空格后为名词benefit，可知此处应填入一个形容词或分词，用来修饰benefit。

语意判断：选项中的形容词或分词还有avoidable、component、determined、helping和maximum。根据此句的后半部分aim for 45 minutes a day, an average of five days a week（以每天散步45分钟，平均每周散步五天为目标）可知，此处作者是在教大家如何散步才能让自己获益。maximum意为“最大的”，maximum benefit即“最大的益处”，符合上下文逻辑。avoidable意为“可避免的”，component意为“组成的”，determined意为“坚决的”，helping意为“辅助的”，放入空格处均不符合句意。故选J。

49. D

语法判断：空格前是形容词important，空格后是介词of，可知此处应填入一个名词，而且该词需可以和of搭配。

语意判断：符合条件的选项有component、helping、principle和topic。在上文中，作者讲了散步这种体育活动，此处作者要讲另外一种体育活动。本句意思是“力量训练是体育活动另外一个重要的______”。component作名词时，意为“组成部分”，符合句意。helping意为“帮助”，principle意为“原则”，topic意为“话题”，均不符合句意。故选D。

50. I

语法判断：空格前是动词build和连词and，空格后是名词短语bone and muscle mass，可知此处应填入一个与动词build并列的动词，且为原形。

语意判断：符合条件的选项有maintain、prevent和provoke。该句的意思是“它（力量训练）的目的是练就和______骨骼及肌肉的质量，而这二者都会随着年龄的增长而萎缩”。prevent意为“阻止”，provoke意为“激起”，填入空格中都语义不通。根据上下文推断，此处应该指的是对骨骼和肌肉质量的维持、保养之意，故maintain（维持）符合句意。本题选I。

51. A

语法判断：空格前是一个成分完整的句子，以逗号结尾，空格后是recovery days between sessions，可知逗号后的成分是一个状语，空格处应填入现在分词，引导一个伴随状语。

语意判断：符合语法条件的有allowing和helping。allow有“容许，留出”之意，help意为“帮助”，将两个词分别代入句中，allow比较合适，表示“留出几天恢复时间”。故选A。

52. G

语法判断：空格前是系动词are，空格后是形容词important，可知此处应填入一个副词，修饰后面的important。

语意判断：符合语法条件的选项有briefly、increasingly和seriously。根据上下文和常识判断，随着人们身体的衰老，柔韧性和平衡性训练应该是越来越重要了。increasingly意为“越来越多地，日益增加地”，符合句意。briefly意为“短暂地”，seriously意为“严重地”，放在句中均语义不通。故选G。

53. B

语法判断：空格前是主语many of them和系动词are，可知此处应填入形容词或分词作表语。

语意判断：符合语法条件的形容词或分词有avoidable、determined和helping。将此句的语序还原，应为Many of the result of constant muscle tension and stiffness of joints are...在此处作插入语。avoidable意为“可避免的”，determined意为“坚决的”，helping意为“辅助的”。其中只有avoidable填入此处最合适，意为“许多由经常性的肌肉紧张所造成的状况和关节僵硬都是可以避免的”。故选B。

54. K

语法判断：空格前为主语simple flexibility training和情态动词can，空格后为代词these，可知此处应填入动词原形。

语意判断：符合语法条件的选项有prevent（防止）和provoke（激起）。空格后的these指代的是上文中的constant muscle tension and stiffness of joints（经常性的肌肉紧张和关节僵硬）。根据句意可知，作者在此处是想建议大家做柔韧性训练，从而防止肌肉紧张和关节僵硬现象的发生，让肌肉能够变得更加强壮，关节保持灵活的状态。故选K。

55. L

语法判断：空格前为形容词general，空格后为系动词is和表语simple，可知此处应填入名词或相当于名词的词语，作句子的主语。

语意判断：符合条件的有helping、principle和topic。后文提到“无论何时，如果身体保持某个姿势有一段时间了，就最好向相反的方向______伸展一下”，可见这里是在讲做柔韧性训练时的要领。三个备选词中，helping意为“帮助”，topic意为“话题”，明显不符合句意。general principle意为“总的原则”，也就是后文所讲的柔韧性训练的要领，符合句意。故选L。

56. C

语法判断：空格前为不定式to，空格后为动词stretch，可判断此处应填入副词，来修饰stretch。

语意判断：符合语法条件的选项有briefly和seriously。该句话的意思是“无论何时，如果身体保持某个姿势有一段时间了，就最好向相反的方向______伸展一下”。将两个选项代入空格中，briefly stretch意为“短暂地伸展”，符合句意；seriously意为“严重地”，明显不符合句子逻辑。故选C。

Section B

Passage One

垃圾食品无处不在。我们吃了太多垃圾食品。［57］我们大部分人都知道自己在做什么，但我们还是这样做了。

因此，兰德公司的两名研究人员提出如下建议：［61］为什么不学习酒类管制政策，将同样的政策应用在食品销售场所以及食品的展示方式上？

这两名研究人员指出：“［58］很多控制肥胖症的政策措施都假定人们会有意识地、理性地选择吃什么以及吃多少，因此都将重点放在提供信息以及提供更多获得健康食物的途径上。”

“［58］相比之下，许多并不假定人们会做出理性选择的规定，在酒类管制方面的应用却很成功——酒与食品一样，如果摄入过量，将导致严重的健康问题。”研究人员继续说道。

［61］该研究参考了与食物和酒有关的人类行为的相关研究，分析了酒类管制措施的相关结果，然后列出了五项研究人员认为如果应用到垃圾食品方面可能会有效的规定。其中有：

密度限制：销售酒类的许可证不会毫无计划地发给所有前来申请的人，而会根据一个地区已有的出售酒类的场所数量发放。［59］这些限制使得酒类不那么容易获得，同时减少了喝酒的心理暗示。

［59］研究人员称，同样，垃圾食品展示在我们面前也会刺激我们吃它的欲望。［61］因此，为什么不限制食品专营店，特别是那些出售空热量（高热量、低营养）食品的专营店的密度呢？为什么不限制那些不是食品店的地方出售食物呢？

展示和销售限制：［60］加利福尼亚州有一项规定，禁止在加油站收银机附近展示酒类，而且在大多数地方，你在提供免下车服务的场所买不到酒。在超市，食品公司需要付钱才能让其商品摆放在容易被看见的地方。人们可以将垃圾食品移到商店的后面，并且禁止在付款排队处旁边的架子上摆放垃圾食品。其他方法还包括：限制一份垃圾食品的大小、对垃圾食品征税并禁止特价出售垃圾食品，以及在产品上放置警告标识。

【论说文：应该借鉴酒类管制政策，对垃圾食品实施同样管制】

第1段：开篇提出人们知道垃圾食品的危害，但还在大量食用垃圾食品。

第2段：兰德公司的研究人员提出建议：应该学习酒类管制政策，对垃圾食品的销售场所及展示方式进行限制。

第3～4段：指出研究人员认为应该向酒类管制政策学习的原因。

第5段：指出研究人员参考了以前的研究，列出了五项可以应用于控制垃圾食品的规定。

第6～8段：具体介绍了五项规定中的两项：密度限制及展示和销售限制，并指出其他的限制方法。

57. What does the author say about junk food?

A) People should be educated not to eat too much.

B) It is widely consumed despite its ill reputation.

C) Its temptation is too strong for people to resist.

D) It causes more harm than is generally realized.

关于垃圾食品，作者说了什么？

A）应该教育人们不要吃太多。

B）尽管其声誉不佳，人们还是普遍食用它。

C）它太有诱惑力了，人们无法抵挡。

D）它比人们普遍意识到的更有害。

►定位：根据题干关键词junk food可以定位到文章第一段。

►解析：文章第一段前两句话作者指出，垃圾食品无处不在，人们吃了太多的垃圾食品。第三句话提到，Most of us know what we're doing和yet we do it anyway，其中的do指的都是吃垃圾食品，再结合第二句话可知，人们知道自己吃太多垃圾食品是不对的，但还是这样做。这与选项B的表述一致，故本题选B。选项A、C和D根据常识来说都讲得通，但文中都没有提到相关内容，故排除。

58. What do the Rand researchers think of many of the policy measures to control obesity?

A) They should be implemented effectively.

B) They provide misleading information.

C) They are based on wrong assumptions.

D) They help people make rational choices.

兰德公司的研究人员认为控制肥胖症的许多政策怎么样？

A）它们应该得到有效的实施。

B）它们提供误导性信息。

C）它们以错误的假设为依据。

D）它们帮助人们做出理性的选择。

►定位：根据题干关键词Rand researchers和policy measures to control obesity可以定位到文章第三段。

►解析：文章第三段作者指出，研究人员称，很多控制肥胖症的政策措施都假定人们会有意识地、理性地选择吃什么以及吃多少，因此都将重点放在提供信息以及提供更多获得健康食物的途径上。但从这段的内容中并不能得出答案，我们需继续向下读。第四段第一句提到，相比之下，许多并不假定人们会做出理性选择的规定，在酒类管制方面的应用却很成功，由本句开头的in contrast可知，第三段提到的控制肥胖的政策措施并不成功，而两种政策的区别在于是否认为人们能做出理性的选择。由此可知，控制肥胖的政策之所以不成功是因为它以错误的假设为依据，故本题选C。选项A和B文中并未提及，而选项D错在不是控制肥胖的政策能帮人们做出理性的选择，而是它们以人们能做出理性选择为依据，故排除。

59. Why do policymakers of alcohol control place density restrictions?

A) Few people are able to resist alcohol's temptations.

B) There are already too many stores selling alcohol.

C) Drinking strong alcohol can cause social problems.

D) Easy access leads to customers' over-consumption.

为什么酒类管制的政策制定者设置密度限制？

A）几乎无人能经得起酒的诱惑。

B）已经有太多的商店出售酒了。

C）饮用烈酒能引发社会问题。

D）容易获得酒会导致顾客过度饮酒。

►定位：根据题干关键词density restrictions可定位到文章第六段。

►解析：文章第六段作者重点讲述了第五段结尾处提到的五条规定中的一条，即density restrictions（密度限制），该段提到在酒类销售方面营业执照的发放很严格，要依据该地区已有酒类销售场所的数量来决定是否发放，由此内容考生容易误选B项，但原文并不是说现在已经有太多商店出售酒，所以要设置密度限制，故可排除B项。而本段末句提到，密度限制措施使酒不那么容易获得，同时还减少了喝酒的心理暗示，再结合下一段的第一句可知，酒和垃圾食品同样都会刺激人们产生饮用或食用的欲望，故可推知，容易获得酒会导致顾客过度饮酒是酒类管制的政策制定者设置密度限制的原因，故本题答案应为D。A、C两项无法从文中推知，故也排除。

60. What is the purpose of California's rule about alcohol display in gas stations?

A) To effectively limit the density of alcohol outlets.

B) To help drivers to give up the habit of drinking.

C) To prevent possible traffic jams in nearby areas.

D) To get alcohol out of drivers' immediate sight.

加利福尼亚州制定有关在加油站展示酒的规定的目的是什么？

A）为了有效地限制售酒店铺的密度。

B）为了帮助司机戒掉喝酒的习惯。

C）为了预防在附近可能发生的交通拥堵。

D）为了不让司机直接看到酒。

►定位：根据题干关键词California's rule和alcohol display in gas stations可以定位到文章最后一段第一句。

►解析：文章最后一段第一句指出，加利福尼亚州有一项规定，禁止在加油站收银机附近展示酒，而这句话是作为展示和销售限制规定的一个例子，与售酒店铺的密度无关，故排除A项。根据常识可知，不在收银机附近展示酒不能起到帮助司机戒掉喝酒的习惯，以及预防附近地区交通堵塞的作用，故排除B和C。只有选项D正确，不在收银台附近展示酒，就是为了不让司机在交款的时候直接看到酒，进而产生想买酒的冲动。

61. What is the general guideline the Rand researchers suggest about junk food control?

A) Guiding people to make rational choices about food.

B) Enhancing people's awareness of their own health.

C) Borrowing ideas from alcohol control measures.

D) Resorting to economic, legal and psychological means.

兰德公司的研究人员关于控制垃圾食品的建议的总体方针是什么？

A）引导人们对食物做出理性的选择。

B）增强人们对自身的健康意识。

C）借鉴酒类管制措施。

D）诉诸经济、法律和心理手段。

►定位：根据题干关键词general guideline可知本题是对文章整体内容的考查，要求考生在理解全文的基础上作答。

►解析：题目问兰德公司的研究人员对控制垃圾食品的建议的总体方针是什么。文章从第二段开始提到兰德公司的研究人员，并明确提到他们建议应该学习酒类管制政策，对垃圾食品的销售场所及展示方式进行限制。而文章第3、4段解释了为什么要学习酒类管制政策，第5段至最后一段指出有五项酒类管制政策可以学习，并具体介绍了其中的密度限制及展示和销售限制。由此可见，兰德公司的研究人员关于控制垃圾食品的建议的总体方针就是学习、借鉴酒类管制措施，故选项C正确。A、B和D项均与文章主题不符，也不是研究人员建议控制垃圾食品的总体方针，故排除。

Passage Two

［62］柯达申请破产保护的决定对于一家顶级美国公司而言，是一个令人悲伤却并不出人意料的转折点。柯达曾引领家庭摄影，并主导胶卷市场几十年，但最终没能适应数字化的变革。

［63］尽管许多人认为柯达的衰败是由“自满”导致的，但是这一解释并没有认可该公司彻底改变自己的努力。几十年前，柯达预料到数码摄影将会取代胶卷，而且事实上，是柯达在1975年发明了第一台数码照相机。但是，柯达公司做出了一个重大决定，它选择搁置其新发现，继续专注于传统的胶卷生意。

哈佛大学商学院的丽贝卡·亨德森教授说，并不是柯达公司看不到未来，而是它没有实施策略来面对未来。到柯达公司意识到自己的错误时，已经太晚了。

柯达是这样一种公司的典型：它很清楚地意识到了自己应该适应新情况，并且花了很多钱试图去这样做，但最终没能成功。［64］因为存在着将现有资产投放到新业务上的诱惑，大公司转向新市场有一个艰难的过程。

［64］尽管柯达预料到了数码摄影必然将要崛起，但它的企业文化过分扎根于过去的成功，以至于它无法彻底放下过去，而这正是全然迎接未来所必需的。［65］柯达是一家陷入过去而无法自拔的公司。它的历史对它来说太重要了。现在它的历史成了一种负担。

在过去的几十年中，柯达的衰败是富有戏剧性的。在1976年，柯达公司占有胶卷行业90％的市场，占有照相机行业85％的市场。但是20世纪80年代，柯达遇到了来自日本的胶卷公司富士胶片的新竞争。富士胶片通过提供更低价的胶卷和摄影器材动摇了柯达的地位。［66］柯达决定不再竞逐成为1984年洛杉矶奥林匹克运动会官方胶卷赞助商，这是一次重大的失误。结果，富士获得了赞助商资格，它充分利用这次赞助赢得了在市场上永久巩固的地位。

【说明文：柯达公司的衰败】

第1段：原先处于领先地位的柯达公司申请破产保护，其衰败在于没能适应数字化的变革。

第2段：许多人认为柯达的衰败是由于“自满”，但实际上柯达曾努力改变自己，并且发明了第一台数码照相机。

第3～4段：柯达公司不是没有看到未来而是在试图应对变化的过程中失败了。

第5段：柯达公司的企业文化过分扎根于过去的成功，这使其不能放下过去，全然地迎接未来。

第6段：柯达的衰败富有戏剧性，放弃竞逐1984年洛杉矶奥林匹克运动会的官方胶卷赞助商给了竞争对手一次在胶卷市场站稳脚跟的机会。

62. What do we learn about Kodak?

A) It went bankrupt all of a sudden.

B) It is approaching its downfall.

C) It initiated the digital revolution in the film industry.

D) It is playing the dominant role in the film market.

关于柯达我们了解到了什么？

A）它突然间破产了。

B）它近乎衰败。

C）它开创了胶卷行业的数字化变革。

D）它正占据胶卷行业的主导地位。

►定位：根据题干关键词Kodak以及出题顺序和文章顺序基本一致的原则可以定位到文章第一段。

►解析：第一段提到，柯达申请破产保护的决定对于一家顶级美国公司而言，是一个令人悲伤却并不出人意料的转折点。柯达曾引领家庭摄影并主导胶卷市场几十年，但最终没能适应数字化的变革。由此可知柯达公司没能适应变革，已经申请破产保护，这与选项B“近乎衰败”表意一致，故选B。本题采用排除法更容易得出答案。选项A说柯达公司went bankrupt all of a sudden（突然破产），这与第一句中的not unexpected不符，既然人们觉得柯达申请破产保护并不令人惊讶，那就是说人们已经看到了柯达正慢慢衰败，所以它的倒闭不是突然的，故排除A项。C项错在文中说柯达之所以衰败是因为没有适应数字化变革，并没有说柯达公司开创了数字化变革，故排除。D项明显与原文不符，柯达过去曾在胶卷行业占统治地位，但现在已不再占据重要位置，故排除。

63. Why does the author mention Kodak's invention of the first digital camera?

A) To show its early attempt to reinvent itself.

B) To show its effort to overcome complacency.

C) To show its quick adaptation to the digital revolution.

D) To show its will to compete with Japan's Fuji Photo.

作者为什么提到柯达发明了第一台数码照相机的事？

A）为了表明它早期曾尝试彻底改变自己。

B）为了表明它克服自满的努力。

C）为了表明它迅速地适应了数字化变革。

D）为了表明它与日本的富士胶片竞争的意愿。

►定位：根据题干关键词Kodak's invention of the first digital camera可以定位到文章第二段第二句话。

►解析：第二段第二句指出，几十年前，柯达预料到数码摄影将会取代胶卷，而且事实上，是柯达在1975年发明了第一台数码照相机。而作者举这个例子正是为了证明第二段第一句话中作者表达的观点。第二段第一句指出，尽管许多人认为柯达的衰败是由“自满”导致的，但是这一解释并没有认可该公司彻底改变自己的努力。也就是说，作者提到柯达发明了第一台数码照相机的事是为了证明柯达并非只是一味地自满，它也曾尝试改变自己，故选项A正确。选项B错在柯达的努力并不是为了克服自满，选项C明显和第一段的内容不符。作者提及此事和与日本富士胶片竞争也毫无关系，故排除选项D。

64. Why do large companies have difficulty switching to new markets?

A) They find it costly to give up their existing assets.

B) They tend to be slow in confronting new challenges.

C) They are unwilling to invest in new technology.

D) They are deeply stuck in their glorious past.

为什么大公司很难转向新市场？

A）它们发现放弃现有的资产代价很大。

B）它们在面对新挑战的时候往往比较迟钝。

C）它们不愿意投资新技术。

D）它们深深地陷在自己辉煌的过去之中。

►定位：根据题干关键词large companies和have difficulty switching to new markets可以定位到文章第四段最后一句话。

►解析：第四段最后一句话指出，因为存在着将现有资产投放到新业务上的诱惑，大公司转向新市场有一个艰难的过程。这句话还是没有完全讲明白为什么存在将现有资产投放到新业务上的诱惑，大公司就难以转向新市场。我们继续往下读便可知道，柯达公司的企业文化过分扎根于过去的成功，这使其不能放下过去，全然地迎接未来。它辉煌的过去成了负担。所以第五段真正地给出了问题的原因，因为大公司陷在自己辉煌的过去之中，所以它们难以转向新市场，故选项D正确。选项A、B、C文中都没有提及。

65. What does the author say Kodak's history has become?

A) A burden.

B) A mirror.

C) A joke.

D) A challenge.

作者称柯达的历史变成了什么？

A）一种负担。

B）一面镜子。

C）一个笑话。

D）一个挑战。

►定位：根据题干关键词Kodak's history可以定位到文章第五段最后一句话。

►解析：第五段最后一句话指出，现在它的历史成了一种负担。如果考生知道liability有“负担”这一意思的话，本题就很容易选出正确答案A。如果不认识这个词，就要从上下文中分析，柯达的历史对于柯达来说到底意味着什么。由上一题的解析可知，柯达过于看重它辉煌的历史，这使得它不能全然迎接未来，不能适应新的市场，所以它的历史自然成了它的负担。其他三项无法从文章中推断出，故均排除。

66. What was Kodak's fatal mistake?

A) Its blind faith in traditional photography.

B) Its failure to see Fuji Photo's emergence.

C) Its refusal to sponsor the 1984 Olympics.

D) Its overconfidence in its corporate culture.

柯达致命性的错误是什么？

A）它对传统摄影盲目的信赖。

B）它没能看到富士胶片的兴起。

C）它拒绝赞助1984年的奥运会。

D）它对其企业文化过于自信。

►定位：根据题干关键词Kodak's fatal mistake以及出题顺序与文章顺序基本一致的原则可以定位到文章最后一段。

►解析：最后一段倒数第二句话中的major miscalculation与题干中的fatal mistake为同义转述，故倒数第二句话的内容即为本题答案。该句指出，柯达决定不再竞逐成为1984年洛杉矶奥林匹克运动会官方胶卷赞助商，这是一次重大的失误。由此可知本题选C。文章最后一句话进一步说明了柯达这一失误的后果——让其竞争对手富士胶片在市场中站稳了脚跟。选项A、B、D文中均未提及，故排除。

Part V　Cloze

无论你认为你白天是否需要休息，养成睡午觉的习惯都是一个明智、健康之举。梅奥诊所称，睡午觉可以帮助人们放松、改善心情、提高警觉性，并且使工作思路更加清晰。英国在2008年进行的一项研究发现，与在夜间获得更长时间的睡眠相比，睡午觉是应对下午三点左右昏昏欲睡状态的最佳方式。

根据《哈佛健康通讯》的报道，几项研究表明，人们在学习新知识之后不久小睡片刻，他们所学的知识会记得更牢。然而，最令人难以置信的是，发表在《内科学文献》上的一项在2007年对将近24,000名希腊成年人进行的研究发现，相对于不睡午觉的人来说，定期睡午觉的人死于心脏病的风险会降低37％。

当然，午睡并不一定适合每个人。如果你正遭受着失眠的困扰，午睡时间太长或太晚都可能干扰你夜间入睡的状况或睡眠质量。

但对于大多数人来说，午睡可以让你感觉更加敏锐、更加幸福。午睡可以为人们带来不同的益处，这取决于时间的长短。20分钟的午睡会提高警觉性和注意力；90分钟的小睡则可以提高创造力。

Prevention网站上的信息显示，在下午1点至3点之间，你会经历体温的自动下降。这时打个盹可以使你在之后的几个小时中都保持清醒，而且对于大多数人来说，这样并不会影响晚上入眠。

选择一个黑暗、舒适的地方，不要太暖和也不要太冷。Prevention网站建议在沙发上午睡，而不要在床上，这样你才不会受到太多诱惑而睡得太久。

令人惊讶的是，午睡最好的地方可能是一张吊床，如果你有的话。瑞士去年发表的一项研究表明，与普通的床相比，人们在吊床上会更快入睡而且睡得更沉。哄婴儿入睡的摇晃同样会对大人入睡产生奇效。

第1段：开门见山引出全文主题——午睡是一个好习惯。

第2段：引用两项研究成果说明午睡对人类健康的影响。

第3段：指出午睡不一定适合每个人。

第4段：列举午睡时间的长短对人们的不同影响。

第5段：引用Prevention网站的信息继续说明午休的好处。

第6～7段：说明如何选择午睡的地点，并指出吊床可能是午睡的最佳地方。

67. B

语境分析：本空位于第一段第二句。从选项来看，本题考查动词的辨析。由后面的better mood可知，这里是想要表达午睡带来的好处。根据relaxation可知，此处应该选B，promote表示推动或促进之意，后面可以直接加名词作宾语，和relaxation搭配意为“促进放松；帮助放松”。

词义分析：enforce“实施；生效”；promote“促进，增进”；operate“运转；操纵”；support“支持；证实”。

68. D

语境分析：本空仍位于第一段第二句。本题考查名词辨析。sharp mind的意思是“灵活、敏锐的头脑”，这里想要表达的意思是午睡可以使人在工作时头脑更加灵敏。因而，本空所在的短语可译为“更加清晰的工作思路”。综合选项可知，本题选D。

词义分析：feeling“感情；感觉”；frame“框架”；sense“感觉；判断力”；mind“头脑；想法”。

69. A

语境分析：本空位于第一段第三句。从选项来看，本题考查固定搭配。动词cope后常接with，表示“应对；处理”的意思，本空所在分句是说睡午觉可以让你有效对抗下午的困顿，故本题选A。

词义分析：with“用；具有”；aside“在旁边；到一边”；about“大约；关于”；upon“在……之上；将要发生，马上来临”。

70. C

语境分析：本空位于第二段首句。该句意为“根据《哈佛健康通讯》的报道，几项研究表明，人们在学习新知识之后不久小睡片刻，他们所学的知识会______更牢”。综合选项可知，remember最符合题意，表示人们小睡后能更好地记住新知识，故此题选C。

词义分析：remark“谈论；评论”，通常与on连用；consider“考虑；认为”；remember“记住；记着”；concern“关心；使担心”。

71. B

语境分析：本空位于第二段第二句。综合选项以及下文中提到的a 37 percent reduced risk of dying可知，此处想要表达的应该是“吃惊、令人不可思议”的含义，故本题选B。

词义分析：reportedly“据报道；据称”；incredibly“难以置信地”；constantly“不断地；经常地”；frankly“坦白地；直率地”。

72. A

语境分析：本空仍位于第二段第二句。结合上下文可知，这里想要表达的意思是经常睡午觉的人比不睡午觉的人死于心脏病的几率小，显然应选A。regularly常用来表示经常性地、有规律地做某事。

词义分析：regularly“有规律地；定期地”；enormously“巨大地；庞大地”；heavily“沉重地；猛烈地”；strongly“强有力地；坚强地”。

73. D

语境分析：本空仍位于第二段第二句。此处考查的是固定搭配，四个选项中能与die构成惯用搭配的只有from，die from意为“死于……”，故本题应选D。

词义分析：off“从（某物所在位置）落下或离开”；under“在（某物）下面；到（某物）下面”；against“反对；违背，违反”；from“从；因为”。

74. C

语境分析：本空位于第三段首句。根据上下文意思以及选项可知，这里表达的是“午睡并不一定适合每个人”，be right for意为“对……是适合的”，故选C。

词义分析：exact“准确的；确切的”；correct“对的；正确的”；right“适宜的；恰当的”；precise“精确的”。

75. D

语境分析：本空位于第三段第二句。本句承接上一句，解释说明午睡为什么并不一定适合每个人。由此可知，本句所表达的意思应为“如果你正遭受着失眠的困扰，午睡时间太长或太晚都可能干扰你夜间入睡的状况或睡眠质量”，故此处应选D，interfere with表示“干扰；妨碍”。

词义分析：influence“影响；对……起作用”；eliminate“消除；清除”；compete“竞争，角逐”；interfere“干涉”。

76. B

语境分析：本空位于第四段第二句。结合选项和空格后面的介词on可知，这里考查的是动词和介词的搭配。选项中的四个词都可以和on搭配，focus on意为“以……为焦点；集中于”；depend on意为“依赖；依靠；取决于……”；rely on意为“依靠；依赖”；base on“基于；以……为依据”。结合文意，B为最佳选项，此句意为“午睡可以为人们带来不同的益处，这取决于时间的长短”。

词义分析：focusing“聚集；集中”；depending“依赖；依靠；取决于”；relying“依赖”；basing“以……做基础”。

77. C

语境分析：本空位于第四段第三句。该句由and连接的两个并列的分句组成，前半句提到，20分钟的午睡会提高警觉性和注意力，由此可知，此处的动词也应表示褒义，且能与空格后的“创造力”搭配。综合四个选项，只有C项最适合，表示“提高创造力”。

词义分析：enlarge“扩大；增大”；engage“聘用；吸引”；enhance“增强；提高”；enlighten“启发；开导”。

78. B

语境分析：本空位于第五段首句。结合选项可知，该句想要表达的意思是“你会经历体温的自动下降”，所以此处选B项。

词义分析：explore“探测；探索”；experience“经历；体验”；exercise“锻炼；运用”；execute“执行；生效”。

79. A

语境分析：本空仍位于第五段首句。由上题的分析可知，本空所在处想要表达的意思是“在下午1点到3点之间”，四个选项中只有A项最符合题意。

词义分析：between“介于（两者或多者）之间”；amidst“在……当中；在……期间”；among“在……之中；在……之间”，用在三者或三者以上；besides“除……之外（还）”。

80. D

语境分析：本空位于第五段第二句。这句话所要表达的意思是“这时打个盹可以使你在之后的几个小时中都保持清醒”，介词for后跟时间名词，可以表示持续一段时间，故本题应选D。

词义分析：of“关于；由于”；beyond“越出（某事物）范围；超越”；during“在……期间；在（某段时间）内”；for“对于；（时间）持续”。

81. C

语境分析：本空仍位于第五段第二句。由上题分析可知，午睡可以使人在下午保持清醒，所以此处表达的意思应该是“对于大多数人来说，这样并不会影响晚上入眠”，综合选项可知，此题选C。

词义分析：produce“制造；生产”；dispose“安排；布置”；affect“影响；感动”；hasten“加快；催促”。

82. D

语境分析：本空位于第六段第二句。结合选项并且根据空格后面的napping可知，此处应选D，recommend后可接doing sth.表示“推荐做某事”。

词义分析：illustrates“为（某物）作插图或图表；（用示例、图表等）说明、阐明”；decides“对（某事物）做出判断；决定”；predicts“预言；预报”；recommends“推荐；建议（采取某种做法、对策等）”。

83. D

语境分析：本空仍位于第六段第二句。由上题分析可知，这句话的意思是“Prevention网站推荐在沙发上午睡，而不要在床上，这样你才不会______而睡得太久”。根据文意首先可以排除B项和C项，在A项和D项中，inclined通常侧重表达主动的意思，指“想……；倾向于……”，而attracted在这里则含有被动的意思，指“被吸引着去做某事”。显然在这里表达的意思是“这样你才不会受到太多诱惑而睡得太久”，故选D。

词义分析：inclined“倾向于”；involved“包含；牵涉”；adopted“收养；采纳”；attracted“吸引；引起”。

84. B

语境分析：本空位于第七段第二句。根据a Swiss study以及空格后的found...可知，这里叙述的是一项已经发表的研究成果。“发表”常用publish来表示，故此处选B。

词义分析：pronounced“发……音；宣称；宣布”；published“出版；发表”；discovered“发现”；cultivated“耕作；陶冶（思想、感情等）”。

85. C

语境分析：本空位于第七段第三句。rocking指“摇动的；来回摇摆的”，根据空格后面的信息可知，这是哄婴儿睡觉的动作，结合选项词义，此处应选择C项。

词义分析：mood“心境；情绪”；model“模型；模式”；motion“运动；动作”；motive“动机；原因”。

86. A

语境分析：本空仍位于第七段第三句。根据上一句内容可知，“与普通的床相比，人们在吊床上会更快入睡而且睡得更沉”，因此“哄婴儿入睡的摇晃同样会对大人入睡产生______”，work wonders表示“产生奇妙作用；创造奇迹”，符合此处语境，故应选A。

词义分析：wonders“奇迹”；passions“强烈的情感”；mystery“神秘（的事物）”；pleasure“愉快；快乐”。

Part VI　Translation

87. studying overseas/abroad by herself/on her own

【考查点】词汇：overseas adv. 在海外，在国外；abroad adv. 在国外，出国

短语：by oneself/on one's own 独自，单独地；look forward to 期待，期望（to为介词，后面跟名词或动名词）

【随学随练】___________________________________________________ (出国留学) was once one of the best dreams in his life.

88. even if/though we have invested/spent time and money

【考查点】词汇：invest v. 投资；投入（时间、金钱等）；spend v. 花费

句型：even if/though引导的让步状语从句。注意，even if/though引导的让步状语从句，若表示与事实相反的情况时，要使用虚拟语气的形式：当主从句与现在的事实相反时，主句谓语部分用would/should＋动词原形，从句谓语部分用动词一般过去式；当主从句与过去的事实相反时，主句谓语部分用would/should have＋过去分词，从句谓语部分用动词的过去完成时形式。

【随学随练】_____________________________________________________________ (即使我非常富有) I would keep on working.

89. would live up to their expectations

【考查点】词汇：expectation n. 期待；期望

短语：live up to 不辜负；遵守，践行

【随学随练】The fire inflicted heavy losses on the small company and it was unable to __________________________________ (遵守) its obligations.

90. had he got/been injured in the traffic accident

【考查点】词汇：injured adj. 受伤的

短语：traffic accident 车祸，交通事故

语法：so＋adj./adv.置于句首时，句子的谓语要采用部分倒装的形式，即助动词或系动词要提至主语的前面。

【随学随练】_________________________________________________________ (他们把这个项目计划得如此周密) that they had no difficulty in carrying it out.

91. obtaining/getting information from the Internet

【考查点】词汇：obtain v. 获取，得到

句型：have (no) trouble doing sth.意为“做某事有/没有困难”，相当于have (no) difficulty (in) doing sth.。

【随学随练】Tom had no trouble ____________________________________________________ (计算出这道难题) in mathematics.

大学英语四级考试

模拟试题一

COLLEGE ENGLISH TEST

— Band Four —

试　题　册

注意事项

一、将自己的校名、姓名、准考证号写在答题卡1和答题卡2上。将本试卷代号划在答题卡2上。

二、试卷册、答题卡1和答题卡2均不得带出考场。考试结束，监考员收卷后考生才可离开。

三、仔细读懂题目的说明。

四、在30分钟内做完答题卡1上的作文题。30分钟后，考生按指令启封试题册，在接着的15分钟内完成快速阅读理解部分的试题。然后监考员收取答题卡1，考生在答题卡2上完成其余部分的试题。全部答题时间为125分钟，不得拖延时间。

五、考生必须在答题卡上作答，凡是写在试题册上的答案一律无效。

六、多项选择题每题只能选一个答案；如多选，则该题无分。选定答案后，用HB-2B浓度的铅笔在相应字母的中部划一条横线。

正确方法是：［A］［C］［D］。

使用其他符号答题者不给分。划线要有一定的粗度，浓度要盖过字母底色。

七、如果要改动答案，必须先用橡皮擦净原来选定的答案，然后再按规定重新答题。

八、在考试过程中要注意对自己的答案保密。若被他人抄袭，一经发现，后果自负。

Part I　Writing　(30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Academic Plagiarism following the outline given below in Chinese. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

1．学术抄袭现象日趋严重；

2．分析学术抄袭现象产生的原因；

3．探讨学术抄袭现象带来的问题。

Academic Plagiarism

Part II　Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)　(15 minutes)

Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1－7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8－10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.

How to Make Peace with Your Workload

Swamped (忙碌的), under the gun, just struggling to stay above water...; whatever office cliché you employ to depict it, we've all been in that situation where we feel like we might be swallowed up by our workload. Nonetheless many a way may be used to manage your to-do list to prevent feeling overwhelmed. How to make peace with your workload once and for all goes as follows.

Get organized

"Clear the deadwood out of your desk and keep your office in shape, which enhances your capability to handle other tasks and raises the probability that you'll retrieve the items you do need in a faster and easier fashion," says Jeff Davidson who works as a work/life expert and writer of more than 50 books on workplace issues. "When something can be disposed, let it go, given in reality most of what you retain is replaceable."

Joel Rudy, vice president of operations for Photographic Solutions, with better than thirty years of business management experience, believes that keeping organized is a must. "Messy work areas are nonproductive in some measure. Provided that you can't locate a document or report easily because it's lost in a pile of mess, then you have a problematic situation," he says. "Thereby you are supposed to take the time to tidy up your work areas and keep your important files, manuals and reports in an accessible location, which will maximize your efficiencies."

Make a to-do list, then cover it up

It may sound weird, but it works, says Jessica Carlson, an account executive at Bluefish Design Studio which is an advertising consulting firm.

Carlson urges her team to utilize to-do lists to stay on track and highlight items that are a priority. "Cover up the list, with the exception of one high-priority task at one time," she suggests. "This will allow you to focus better on the task at hand; otherwise, it will be easy to get overwhelmed if you're reading through a to-do list that spans an entire page. Concentrating on a single item will make your tasks appear like they are more doable," Carlson says.

Stop multitasking

Despite what you may consider multitasking, it's counterproductive. Unless you're drinking coffee while scanning your morning e-mails, you're not saving any time by attempting to do ten things at once.

"If you find yourself getting tangled in too many things, it may be of much necessity of you to re-evaluate your involvement," Rudy says. "Your mind will wander from one topic to another and you may end up never accomplishing a thing." Rudy recommends the best way to stop multitasking is to create priority lists with deadlines. "When applicable, complete one project before you move further on to the next one," he says.

Set time limits

Deborah Chaddock-Brown, a work-at-home single parent, says she's frequently overwhelmed by the demands of maintaining order in her residence and running her own business. Still, she manages to "do it all" by setting a time limit for each task. "I have the type of personality that flits (轻轻地掠过) from thing to thing because I do have so much on my plate," Brown says.

"As a consequence I assign time slots: For the next 15 minutes I will participate in social media for the purpose of marketing my business (not sending photos or playing Farmville) and that is the only thing I am about to do for the next 15 minutes. When the time is up, I move on to the next task. That way, at night I don't end up with a pile of tasks to accomplish even though I felt busy all day."

Talk to your manager

"Quite often, people are working on things that are no longer a top priority, but someone forgot to tell them (that they're no longer important). There are usually clear priorities in the manager's head; he or she has just not done a great job communicating those with the employee," says Holly Green, CEO of The Human Factor.

Green's suggestion unfolds in this manner:"If you find yourself confronted with too many responsibilities, sit down, note the significant things you are in charge of, and go to your manager to have a conversation to discuss priorities, trade-offs, time commitments and interdependencies required to do each thing well, and then ask what you should stop working on or work on less so you can get the right things done." Green says managers should be willing to help sort out priorities, so long as employees have a can-do approach and aren't just complaining about their workload.

Eliminate time wasters

"If interruptions are keeping you from your responsibilities, learn how to deal with them accordingly," says Eileen Roth, author of Organizing for Dummies. Roth proposes the following suggestions to combat disruptions: "Use voice mail to cut down on telephone interruptions, turn off the alert that says 'You've got an e-mail' and give staff members a set time to visit you."

Justin Gramm, president of Globella Buyers Realty, exemplifies Roth's point. "E-mail had been a big time waster for me in the past because it was a constant interruption, causing me to lose focus on the task at hand," he says. Since determined to check his e-mails only twice a day, Gramm says he has become much more efficient. "If people want to get more work done, they need to stop checking e-mails and get down to business," he says.

Assess your workload before taking on new tasks

"The paradox of today's work environment is that the more you do, the more that's expected of you," Davidson says. In order to better assess your workload, Davidson suggests asking yourself the following questions before agreeing to undertake new responsibilities: Is the task aligned (使一致) with your priorities and goals; Are you likely to be as prone to saying yes to such a request tomorrow or next week; What else could you do that would be more rewarding; What other pressing tasks and responsibilities are you likely to face; Does the other party have options other than you; Will he or she be crushed if you say no?

Want to know more?

Most of our experts recommended books for additional tips on how to maximize efficiency, but one book was mentioned time and again. Check out The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People.

1. Jeff Davidson suggests ______.

A) redecorating one's office when it gets untidy

B) getting rid of unnecessary materials at work

C) cutting down trees blocking one's office

D) improving one's ability of handling documents

2. According to Joel Rudy, one should ______ to be the most efficient at work.

A) back up work files

B) further his study

C) get everything ready in advance

D) keep work areas organized

3. What is becoming essential in managing a to-do list?

A) Concentrating on one task at a time.

B) Grinning and bearing it.

C) Getting overwhelmed over a long list.

D) Increasing your speed of dealing with your tasks.

4. What may multitasking lead to?

A) Saving time.

B) Peace of mind at work.

C) Low efficiency.

D) Approval from your boss.

5. After a change of ways to handle her work, Deborah Chaddock-Brown realizes that ______.

A) she is skillful at using social media

B) she can't accomplish anything

C) setting time limits helps

D) she has a tendency to delay

6. What does Holly Green think of some managers?

A) They are sometimes willing to talk about responsibilities.

B) They are faced with many tasks.

C) They hate talking about priorities.

D) They do not communicate well with their staff.

7. How did Eileen Roth consider interruptions at work?

A) One should avoid using e-mails during work.

B) Sometimes interruptions may make you relaxed.

C) E-mail is a big time waster.

D) Measures should be taken to eliminate them.

8. Justin Gramm decided to ____________ when he had realized that e-mails caused a big problem.

9. Davidson proposes that before taking on new tasks one should ____________ first.

10. In order to manage your work more efficiently, one is supposed to turn to ____________ for more suggestions, according to some experts.

Part III　Listening Comprehension　(35 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

11. A) The professor forgot to give the homework.

B) Prof. Shoesmith is out for a lecture at a conference.

C) The class will not be given until next Tuesday.

D) Tracy may not be an honest friend.

12. A) She was easily affected by traffic conditions.

B) The woman was an efficient colleague.

C) He was considerate of her lateness.

D) Her explanation was not an acceptable one.

13. A) Eric is an honest boy.

B) Eric has too high an opinion of Tokyo.

C) Eric once had a job in Japan.

D) What Eric said about Tokyo is believable.

14. A) Officer and soldier.

B) Manager and office worker.

C) Doctor and patient.

D) Travel agent and customer.

15. A) He has made only a few trips abroad.

B) He dislikes traveling to foreign cities.

C) He prefers domestic cities as destinations of business trips.

D) He wishes to stay in domestic cities.

16. A) Supportive.

B) Negative.

C) Indifferent.

D) Neutral.

17. A) It is a good picture of Bob in every detail.

B) It is a bad image of Bob.

C) It shows Bob's athletic body.

D) It gives light to Bob's hair.

18. A) Iris is skillful at using the Internet.

B) Iris hates surfing online.

C) Iris tends to stay in rather than go out.

D) Iris ignores her homework very often.

Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

19. A) Colleagues.

B) Instructor and student.

C) Neighbors.

D) Anchor and guest.

20. A) Baby-sitting the children.

B) Documenting the children.

C) Complaining about the difficulty of living.

D) Teaching teenagers.

21. A) Sensitive groups.

B) Disadvantaged groups.

C) Rich groups.

D) Complicated groups.

22. A) Kids are facing big issues in life.

B) Life is moving fast recently.

C) Kids can not earn the living.

D) Kids are growing up quickly.

Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

23. A) Employer and employee.

B) Professor and student

C) Classmates.

D) Colleagues.

24. A) She appreciates them.

B) She thinks they are very interesting.

C) She expects to buy some.

D) She finds they are high-priced.

25. A) Those who pursue fame and money only.

B) Those who dream of owning a flash car.

C) Those who are highly-skilled and focus on high-end markets.

D) Those who value and abide by the company's philosophy.

Section B

Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.

26. A) The problems of the elderly.

C) The classes for retired people.

B) The employment of graduates.

D) Education programs for adults.

27. A) Spending more time with their peers.

B) Making as many friends as possible.

C) Learning something new.

D) Killing time.

28. A) The fierce competition in the market.

B) The reform of education system.

C) The big numbers of retired people.

D) The great pressure of work.

Passage Two

Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.

29. A) Plants and animals.

B) Plants and fungi.

C) Plants and human beings.

D) Plants and earth.

30. A) Plants cannot see.

B) Plants are invisible.

C) Human beings cannot recognize certain species of plants.

D) Plants are damaged rather than protected by human beings.

31. A) Plant more crops in the countryside.

B) Build more habitat regions for human beings.

C) Work out more plant protection and regeneration methods.

D) Ensure great advancement in technology and economy.

Passage Three

Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.

32. A) Unconscious biases.

B) Mental difference.

C) Intelligent difference.

D) Physical difference.

33. A) 162.

B) 116.

C) 126.

D) 26.

34. A) Female students like male lecturers better than female ones.

B) Female students and male students prefer lecturers of their own gender.

C) Male students think female lecturers are much better than male ones.

D) Male students see no difference between male lecturers and female ones.

35. A) Legal aspect.

B) Economic aspect.

C) Education.

D) Social security.

Section C

Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.

In 1995, Ryan Schreiber was a 19-year-old Minneapolis record-store clerk who wanted to publish a rock-music fanzine (杂志) but lacked access to a photocopier. Instead, he started a (36) __________, called it Pitchfork and began posting his thoughts on bands like Sonic Youth, Fugazi and the Pixies—groups whose songs (37) __________ appeared on the radio or MTV. It was the first golden age of "indie" artists, back when the word was (38) __________ for music released on (39) __________ record labels, (40) __________ the artistic freedom and cachet that came from operating on the fringes.

By 2000, Schreiber had moved the site to Chicago, acquired some freelance writers and codified the Pitchfork review into a signature (41) __________ —a long, rambling personal opinion of an album, (42) __________ by a rating on a scale from 0.0 to 10.0. But the site's (43) __________ was still, to use his word, "negligible". That changed in October of that year, when Pitchfork posted a fawning, grandiloquent (夸张的) 10.0 review of Radiohead's experimental rock album Kid A. Critic Brent DiCrescenzo's paean included lines like"butterscotch lamps along the walls of the tight city square bled upward into the cobalt sky" and became an Internet sensation—for all the wrong reasons.

(44) _________________________________________________. Schreiber and his writers knew what they were talking about; Kid A., which later debuted at No. 1 on Billboard, really was a 10.0 album. (45) _________________________________________—like xylophone-prone Icelandic band Sigur Rós and harmonizing rockers Modest Mouse—began to act as stepping-stones to mainstream coverage. In the year of 2000, Modest Mouse moved from independent label Up Records to Sony-owned Epic; (46) ____________________________________________. Their songs are now used in car commercials.

Part IV　Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)　(25 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the banks more than once.

Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.

In June of 2008, I was laid off from my position as a chemist for a pharmaceutical (医药的) company after 17 years in the industry.

What should I do for the 　 47　 of my life? I knew that I wanted to go back to academe (学院) someday, but I had always envisioned (设想) that would happen when I reached 　48　 age. Yet here I was at age 44, with a decision to make. I knew from recent experience that I 　49　 passing on knowledge to others more than actually using that knowledge to do the same type of work over and over. All things being equal, I realized I would rather teach than find another job in industry.

At that point I talked at 　50　 with my graduate adviser and several friends who worked in academe. They 　51　 me that I could make enough money by moving somewhere with a lower cost of living, working in the summers for 　52　 income, and consulting; and that while the odds that I would find a job at a research university were low, if I applied to undergraduate colleges, I had a 　53　 chance of finding a position. The second point was fine with me, because I wanted to teach, and running a research program focused on teaching undergraduates how to do research sounded 　54　.

The first interview was with my university, and it was short, because I already had a good quality and preparation.

A week later I traveled to the college for my second campus interview. I had dinner that night with several 　55　 members, followed by a full day of interviewing. In the early afternoon, I taught an organic-chemistry class, filling in for the usual professor, who watched along with other faculty members.

Finally, in late March 2010, my university 　56　 me a tenure-track (终身职位的) job.

A) awful

B) enjoyed

C) faculty

D) stressful

E) extra

F) reasonable

G) disappointment

H) satisfying

I) retirement

J) seemly

K) length

L) convinced

M) rest

N) colleagues

O) offered

Section B

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.

English is what matters. It has displaced rivals to become the language of diplomacy, of business, of science, of the Internet and of world culture. Many more people speak Chinese—but even they, in vast numbers, are trying to learn English. So how did it happen, and why?

Take the beginnings of bilingualism (两种语言) in India, for example, which has stoked (促进) the growth of the biggest English-speaking middle class in the new Anglosphere. That stems from a proposal by an English historian, Thomas Macaulay, in 1835, to train a new class of English speakers: "A class of persons, Indian in blood and colour, but English in taste, in opinion, in morals, and in intellect." At a stroke, notes Mr. McCrum, English became the"language of government, education and advancement, at once a symbol of imperial rule as well as of self-improvement". India's English-speaking middle class is now one of the engines of that country's development and a big asset in the race to catch up with China.

Bit by bit, English displaced French from diplomacy and German from science. The reason for this was America's rise and the lasting bonds created by the British Empire. But the elastic (灵活的), forgiving nature of the language itself was another. English allows plenty of sub-variants, from Singlish in Singapore to Estglish in Estonia: the main words are familiar, but plenty of new ones dot the lexicon, along with distinctive grammar and syntax.

English as spoken by non-natives, however, is different. Listen to a South Korean businessman negotiating with a Pole in English and you will hear the difference: the language is curt, emphatic, stripped-down. Yet within spoken "Globish", as Mr. McCrum neatly names it, hierarchies (等级) are developing. Those who can make jokes in Globish score over (优于) those who can't.

The big shift is towards a universally useful written Globish. Spellchecking and translation software mean that anyone can communicate in comprehensible (可理解的) written English. The English of e-mail, Twitter (一个社交网络和微博服务网站) and text messaging is becoming far more mutually comprehensible than spoken English, which is fractured (支离破碎的) by differences in pronunciation, politeness and emphasis. Mr. McCrum aptly names the new lingo (语言) "an avenue for all thoughts".

57. According to the first paragraph, "English is what matters" suggests that ______.

A) English is spoken by most of the people in the world

B) more and more Chinese begin to learn English

C) English has become the universal language in many fields

D) English has won the triumph over other languages

58. Which one is TRUE about India's middle class according to Paragraph Two?

A) English should become India's middle class' only language.

B) India's middle class learned the English way of living and thinking.

C) Although India's middle class learnt English, they were still Indians.

D) India's middle class dominated the political world.

59. Why did English displace French in diplomatic field and German in scientific field?

A) English-speaking countries held greater power in the world.

B) English was a changeable language.

C) America and the British Empire held a strong bond.

D) English's tolerant towards its sub-variants.

60. What's the spoken Globish according to the passage?

A) It is the English spoken by people from different countries.

B) It is a new-invented language spoken all over the world.

C) It is a universal language different from English.

D) It is the English developing into hierarchies.

61. What's the written Globish's advantage over the spoken one?

A) The written one is more convenient.

B) The written one is more fractured.

C) The written one belongs to the higher class.

D) The written one is better for mutual understanding.

Passage Two

Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.

According to one definition, the word "supplement" means "something added to complete a thing, to extend or strengthen the whole."

Supplements can be very beneficial but you must be careful because, like any drug, all supplements pose potential risks. Before you start taking any, check with your doctor first.

A supplement may be natural but that doesn't mean taking it is completely without risk. Many, if not all, supplements have the potential to interact with prescription or over-the-counter drugs, cause harmful side effects if taken inappropriately, or even make existing medical conditions worse. That's why it's critical that you tell your health care providers about any supplements you take. In a University of Michigan study one-third of the patients taking supplements were using ones that could interact with their heart medications. Be especially cautious if you're taking blood-thinning medication like aspirin, Coumadin (warfarin), or Plavix (clopidogrel); many supplements, such as ginkgo biloba (银杏), ginseng (人参), garlic, vitamine, fish oil, and coenzyme (辅酶) Q10, also have blood-thinning properties, and the combined effect could lead to dangerous bleeding.

Also, the label may say "natural" but that doesn't mean the supplements are any safer than medicinal drugs. They still include chemicals that have an effect on your body; that's why they work. So don't exceed the recommended dose, and don't take any supplement longer than advised. If you are pregnant or nursing, be doubly sure to check with your doctor before taking any supplements.

In the next few years you're bound to hear more and more about natural alternatives for lowering cholesterol and protecting the heart. But before you jump on any bandwagons (花车), take heed: No supplement is a substitute for the lifestyle changes, particularly good eating habits. The fact is that scientists will probably never be able to duplicate (复制) the complex effects and myriad health benefits of foods like fruits, vegetables, and whole grains with a pill. And of course, lowering your cholesterol with supplements while eating steak and ice cream with abandon, or taking hawthorn (山楂) or CoQ10 to lower your blood pressure while doing nothing to relieve the stress caused by your nerve-racking job, won't do your heart or your arteries (动脉) much good in the end.

62. According to the passage, which one belongs to supplements?

A) Water.

B) Apples.

C) Vitamins.

D) Tomatoes.

63. Why is it important to tell your doctor about the supplements you take?

A) Supplements are harmful to health.

B) It's difficult to buy supplements outside the hospital.

C) All the supplements may interact with medicines.

D) Some supplements may cause side effects.

64. Which one is TRUE about the natural supplements?

A) Natural supplements contain chemicals that have an effect on our bodies.

B) It's more dangerous to take drugs than natural supplements.

C) People can make their own decision about how much and how long to take them.

D) Garlic, CoQ10 and hawthorn are natural supplements.

65. By saying "before you jump on any bandwagons, take heed" (Line 2, Para. 5), the author means ______.

A) when you want to catch up a car with flowers, you should be careful

B) you should think carefully before you buy the new alternatives

C) you should never buy the new alternatives

D) you should consult the health care provider when you want to take supplements

66. Which of the following can best summarize the passage?

A) Supplements have benefits and risks.

B) Natural supplements are not always safe.

C) You should know what you are getting.

D) Natural supplements do not cure all.

Part V　Cloze　(15 minutes)

Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D)on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Part Ⅵ　Translation　(5 minutes)

Directions: Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets. Please write your translation on Answer Sheet 2.

87. Because much effort has been wasted on PC games, Jeff found it is _________________________ (他很难跟上同学) in every course he took this term.

88. Not only ____________________________________________ (我刚买的手机花了我太多的钱) but it doesn't work very well.

89. It is very demanding for her to ____________________________________ (习惯于连续工作好几个小时) after having stayed unemployed for two years.

90. While going on a business trip, he takes one extra battery lest his computer ________________________________________ (没电不能使用).

91. Experts reported that the occurrence of natural disasters is _________________________________________ (与环境恶化有密切关系).

大学英语四级考试模拟试题一精析

Part I　Writing

Academic Plagiarism

Nowadays, the problem of academic plagiarism becomes more and more serious.① In order to earn academic titles, some teachers plagiarize others' academic papers; in order to graduate smoothly, some college students plagiarize others' graduation papers. Everything has its reason; academic plagiarism is no exception.②

First, college authorities put too much emphasis on papers while conferring academic titles and graduating students. Second, modern technology makes it unprecedentedly easy to get information and materials. Some plagiarists who are morally corrupt can't resist the temptation and decide to take risks. Third, the system of censorship and penalty are far from being strict, encouraging plagiarism to some extent.③

Plagiarism causes many bad results. On the one hand, plagiarism infringes original writers' rights and it is unfair for teachers and students who don't plagiarize. On the other hand, plagiarism may spread negative thoughts which in the end will ruin colleges' fame.④ Therefore, I suggest college authorities should not regard papers as the only criterion for evaluating teachers and students. Besides, much stricter system of censorship and penalty should be applied.⑤

①．开门见山，引出话题，紧扣提纲内容。

②．强有力的总结式语句收尾，为下一段分析学术抄袭现象产生的原因进行铺垫。

③．用first、second、third结构从三个方面分析了学术抄袭现象的原因，层次分明。

④．用on the one hand和on the other hand从不同角度对学术抄袭现象导致的问题进行深入阐述，使文章条理清楚，论述充分。

⑤．用therefore总结全文，针对上文分析的剽窃现象产生的原因提出针对性的解决对策，使文章结构完整。

学术抄袭

如今，学术抄袭问题越来越严重。为了评职称，一些教师抄袭他人的学术论文；为了顺利毕业，一些大学生抄袭他人的毕业论文。每件事情的发生都有它的原因，学术抄袭也不例外。

首先，校方过分强调论文在职称评定和学生毕业方面的作用。第二，现代科技使信息和资料的获取变得前所未有地容易。一些剽窃者道德感缺失，抵制不住诱惑，于是选择铤而走险。第三，审查和惩罚制度远不够严厉，这在一定程度上也助长了抄袭现象。

抄袭导致许多不良后果。一方面，抄袭行为侵犯了原作者的权利，而且对那些没有抄袭的教师和学生是不公平的。另一方面，抄袭行为可能传播消极的思想，最终将会毁坏大学的声誉。因此，我建议校方不要把论文作为评估教师和学生的唯一标准。此外，应该实施更严格的审查和惩罚制度。

要点用法

no exception 不例外

far from 远非，绝不……

confer 授予，赋予（奖项、学位、荣誉或权利等）

to some extent 在一定程度上

unprecedentedly 前所未有地

infringe 侵犯，侵害（某人的自由、权益等）

censorship and penalty 审查和惩罚

criterion 标准

句法点评

1. In order to earn academic titles, some teachers plagiarize others' academic papers; in order to graduate smoothly, some college students plagiarize others' graduation papers.

使用排比并列句分别从教师和学生两个方面对学术抄袭现象进行阐述，既对仗工整，又增强了气势。

2. Third, the system of censorship and penalty are far from being strict, encouraging plagiarism to some extent.

要点顺序词third引出抄袭现象产生的第三个原因；分词短语作伴随状语补充说明主句，根据主语和非谓语动词的关系确定用现在分词。

3. On the one hand, plagiarism infringes original writers' rights and it is unfair for teachers and students who don't plagiarize.

从一个角度论述抄袭现象的危害，总体句式结构为and连接的并列句，后句中包含who引导的限制性定语从句，在四级写作中适当使用定语从句会给作文增色不少。

4. On the other hand, plagiarism may spread negative thoughts which in the end will ruin colleges' fame.

从另一个角度进一步论述抄袭现象可能带来的危害，依然使用了定语从句，which引导的限制性定语从句修饰先行词thoughts。

Part II　Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)

如何处理好工作量

忙得团团转，工作压力大，努力不被工作淹没……无论用哪种办公室套话来描述，我们都曾经历过那种我们感觉好像会被工作负担吞没的状态。尽管如此，我们还是可以采用很多方法来管理所有待办事项，以避免产生不堪重负的感觉。下列方法可以让你彻底解决处理工作量的问题。

将一切保持得井井有条

“清理桌上的杂物，把办公室整理得井井有条，这样既可以提高你处理其他任务的能力，又可以让你方便快捷地找到急需的东西。”工作与生活关系专家杰夫·戴维森说。他创作了五十余本工作场所问题方面的书籍。“［1］当有些东西能被处理时，就处理掉，毕竟实际上大多数你所保留的东西都是可替代的。”

乔尔·鲁迪是摄影解决方案公司的执行副总裁，他拥有三十余年的企业管理经验，在他看来，保持井井有条是员工必备的一种素质。“杂乱的工作区在某种程度上会影响工作效率。倘若你因为资料都混乱地堆在一起而无法快速找到一份文件或报告，那么你的这种状况就存在问题，”他说，“因此，［2］你就应该花些时间来整理一下自己的办公区域，把重要的文件、手册和报告都放在随手可取的位置，这样可以在最大程度上提高你的工作效率。”

列好待办事项，然后将清单盖住

广告咨询公司布卢菲什设计工作室的财务长杰茜卡·卡尔森说，这听起来或许有些奇怪，但确实有效。

卡尔森敦促她的团队利用待办事项清单来跟上工作进度，重点标出需要优先处理的工作。她建议“盖住工作清单，［3］每次只露出一个优先级别高的任务”。“这样将使你更好地专注于手头的任务，否则，看到满满一页的待办事项清单，很容易觉得不知从何做起。将注意力集中在一项任务上，会让你觉得清单上的任务似乎更容易执行。”卡尔森说。

不要同时进行多项任务

不管你会如何看待同时处理多项任务这种工作方式，［4］它确实会产生相反的效果。除非你是一边喝咖啡一边浏览早上的邮件，否则就不要一心多用，因为你根本无法通过一次做十件事来节省时间。

“如果你发现自己有太多的事情要处理，那么就很有必要重新评估一下你所参与的工作，”鲁迪说。“因为你的脑子会一直在多个问题或工作之间来回转换，最终很有可能什么事情都完成不了。”鲁迪建议，停止同时进行多项任务的最佳方法就是创建一个优先级工作列表，且每项工作都规定好最后期限。“当可行时，先完成一个项目，再继续做下一个项目。”他说。

设定时间限制

德博拉·查多克-布朗是一位在家工作的单亲母亲，她说自己就经常对既要做家务又要经营自己的事业感到不堪重负。尽管如此，她还是通过对每项任务设定时间限制而“全部做到了”。“我的个性是喜欢做会儿这个弄点儿那个，因为我确实也有太多的事情要做。”布朗说。

“所以，我给自己安排了时间表：比如，在接下来的15分钟里，我的工作是上社交网站为自己的生意做推广营销（而不是发照片或玩Farmville农场游戏），这就是我在接下来的15分钟里唯一要做的事情。时间到了之后，我就接着进行下一个任务。这样，当一天结束时，［5］我就不会觉得自己虽然整天在忙但还是有一堆事情没有完成。”

主动和经理沟通

“很多时候，大家正在做的事情已经不是优先级别最高的工作了，只是有人忘了告诉他们（这些事已经不再重要了）。经理们对工作通常都会有明确的优先次序，［6］只是他并没有就这些问题和员工进行很好的沟通，”《人为因素》杂志的首席执行官霍利·格林说。

格林的建议是：“如果你发现自己有太多的工作职责，那么坐下来，列出你所负责的重要工作，然后去找经理讨论各项工作的优先顺序、轻重关系、时间安排以及做好每件工作的先决条件；然后问一下：哪些工作你应该停止或是可以花较少的时间，以便将重心放在最需要做的事情上。”格林还表示，只要员工有积极的态度而不只是抱怨工作量，经理们应该乐于帮助员工梳理工作的优先次序。

排除浪费时间的干扰

［7］“如果干扰因素让你无法专心于自己的工作，那么就要学会如何做相应处理，”《组织力傻瓜书》一书的作者艾琳·罗思说。罗思提出了以下建议来对抗干扰：“使用语音信箱来减少电话干扰，关掉‘您有一封新邮件’的语音提示，以及安排出固定时间来见有事找你的员工。”

Globella Buyers房地产公司总裁贾斯汀·格拉姆用自己的经历验证了罗思的观点。“以前，电子邮件非常浪费时间，因为它不断地干扰我，使我无法集中精力干手头的工作，”他说。［8］自从决定每天只查收两次邮件后，格拉姆说他的工作效率就大大提高了。他说：“如果大家想完成更多的工作，就要停止不断地查收邮件，开始认真工作。”

接受新任务之前，先评估工作量

“目前的工作环境中存在着一个矛盾，那就是你做的工作越多，期望你完成的工作就越多，”戴维森说。［9］为了更好地评估自己的工作量，戴维森建议，在同意承担新的工作职责之前，先问问自己以下问题：新的工作任务是否与你的工作重点和工作目标一致？明天或下周你还会同意承担这个任务吗？你还可以做些什么使得工作更有回报？你还有需要马上去完成的其他紧急任务和工作职责吗？对方除了你之外还有别的备选人员吗？如果你不接受，对方会崩溃吗？

想了解更多的方法？

［10］我们中的大多数专家都会推荐很多关于如何最大限度地提高效率的书籍，其中有一本书一再被提及。请查看《高效能人士的七个习惯》。

1. Jeff Davidson suggests ______.

A) redecorating one's office when it gets untidy

B) getting rid of unnecessary materials at work

C) cutting down trees blocking one's office

D) improving one's ability of handling documents

杰夫·戴维森建议______。

A）办公室脏乱时要重新装修

B）工作时把不必要的材料处理掉

C）砍掉挡住办公室的树

D）提高处理文档的能力

►线索词：Jeff Davidson

►定位处：第二段。

►解析：题干问的是杰夫·戴维森的建议。A项关键词为redecorating when it gets untidy，而原文只是说clear，并没有提到redecorating，故排除；B项关键词是getting rid of unnecessary materials，与原文中When something can be disposed，let it go意思相符，故为正确答案。C项trees在原文中并未提及，故排除。原文中提到了把办公室整理得井井有条可以提高处理其他任务的能力（enhances your capability to handle other tasks），并没有明确说是handling documents，故排除D项。

2. According to Joel Rudy, one should ______ to be the most efficient at work.

A) back up work files

B) further his study

C) get everything ready in advance

D) keep work areas organized

根据乔尔·鲁迪的观点，人们应该_____以使工作效率最高。

A）备份工作文档

B）继续深造

C）事先准备好一切

D）使工作区域井然有序

►线索词：Joel Rudy，efficient

►定位处：第三段

►解析：第三段第一句提到乔尔·鲁迪认为保持井井有条是员工必备的一种素质，接下来该段引述了乔尔·鲁迪自己的话对他的观点加以佐证，最后一句提到，员工应该花时间整理办公区域，将文件等物品放在随手可取的地方，这样能最大程度地提高工作效率，由此可见本题应选D。

3. What is becoming essential in managing a to-do list?

A) Concentrating on one task at a time.

B) Grinning and bearing it.

C) Getting overwhelmed over a long list.

D) Increasing your speed of dealing with your tasks.

在管理待办事项清单时，什么变得很重要？

A）每次集中精力处理一项任务。

B）对此默默忍受。

C）长长的清单让自己应接不暇。

D）提高处理任务的速度。

►线索词：to-do list

►定位处：第五段。

►解析：A项中的concentrating对应原文第五段最后一句的concentrating，其后的内容a single item与选项中的one task at a time意思相符，故为正确答案。

4. What may multitasking lead to?

A) Saving time.

B) Peace of mind at work.

C) Low efficiency.

D) Approval from your boss.

同时进行好几项工作可能会导致什么？

A）节省时间。

B）平和的工作心态。

C）工作效率低下。

D）你的老板的认可。

►线索词：multitasking

►定位处：第六段。

►解析：文中说同时进行好几项工作会产生相反的效果，也就是说，这样做的效率并不高，只有C项意思符合。由第六段最后一句提到的you're not saving any time可排除A项。B、D两项文中均未提及，可排除。

5. After a change of ways to handle her work, Deborah Chaddock-Brown realizes that ______.

A) she is skillful at using social media

B) she can't accomplish anything

C) setting time limits helps

D) she has a tendency to delay

德博拉·查多克鄄布朗在改变了自己处理工作的方式后意识到______。

A）她善于利用社会媒体资源

B）她无法做成任何事情

C）设定时间限制是有帮助的

D）她有延期的倾向

►线索词：change of ways，Deborah Chaddock-Brown

►定位处：第八段和第九段。

►解析：第八段中，德博拉·查多克-布朗描述了自己的工作特点，接着在第九段最后一句阐述了设定时间限制之后所取得的效果，由此可知导致德博拉·查多克-布朗工作效果发生改变的原因是设定了时间限制，故C项正确。

6. What does Holly Green think of some managers?

A) They are sometimes willing to talk about responsibilities.

B) They are faced with many tasks.

C) They hate talking about priorities.

D) They do not communicate well with their staff.

霍利·格林对一些经理有什么看法？

A）他们有时候乐意谈论工作职责。

B）他们面对着很多工作任务。

C）他们讨厌谈论优先次序。

D）他们没有与自己的员工进行良好的沟通。

►线索词：Holly Green，managers

►定位处：第十段。

►解析：第十段中提到，霍利·格林对经理的看法是：he or she has just not done a great job communicating those with the employee，D项与此意思一致，do not communicate well with对应原文中的has just not done a great job communicating those with，staff对应employee，故正确答案为D。

7. How did Eileen Roth consider interruptions at work?

A) One should avoid using e-mails during work.

B) Sometimes interruptions may make you relaxed.

C) E-mail is a big time waster.

D) Measures should be taken to eliminate them.

艾琳·罗思是如何看待工作中的干扰因素的？

A）工作中应该避免使用电子邮件。

B）有时候干扰因素会使你放松。

C）电子邮件太浪费时间。

D）应该采取措施消除干扰因素。

►线索词：Eileen Roth，interruptions

►定位处：第十二段。

►解析：第十二段中，艾琳·罗思对待干扰因素的态度是learn how to deal with them accordingly，四项中只有D项意思相符，故为正确答案。文中只提到要关掉收到新邮件时的语音提示，并没有说avoid using e-mails，故A项可排除；B项原文没有提到，也可排除；文中房地产公司总裁贾斯汀·格拉姆提到，以前电子邮件非常浪费时间，但自从决定每天只查收两次邮件后，他的工作效率就大大提高了，可见浪费时间的因素不是电子邮件，而是处理电子邮件的方法，故排除C项。

8. Justin Gramm decided to check his e-mails twice a day when he had realized that e-mails caused a big problem.

当贾斯汀·格拉姆意识到电子邮件引起了一个大问题时，他决定每天只查收两次邮件。

►线索词：Justin Gramm，decided，e-mails

►定位处：第十三段。

►解析：题干问当贾斯汀·格拉姆意识到邮件引起的问题之后，决定做什么。原文提到，格拉姆说以前邮件不断地干扰他，自从他决定每天只查收两次邮件后，工作效率就提高了。因此可知，此处所缺的内容为check his e-mails only twice a day。题干中的decided to对应原文中的determined to。

9. Davidson proposes that before taking on new tasks one should assess his workload first.

在接受新的任务之前，戴维森建议人们首先应当评估自己的工作量。

►线索词：new tasks，Davidson，proposes

►定位处：第十四段。

►解析：题干中的taking on new tasks对应原文中的undertake new responsibilities，proposes对应原文中的suggests，suggests之后的内容是戴维森建议大家问自己的一些问题，而问这些问题的目的则对应该段小标题中的assess your workload。可见在接受新的任务之前，需要先“评估自己的工作量”。

10. In order to manage your work more efficiently, one is supposed to turn to books for more suggestions, according to some experts.

一些专家认为，为了更有效率地处理工作，我们应该参考书本上更多的建议。

►线索词：more efficiently，more suggestions

►定位处：最后一段。

►解析：题干中的more efficiently对应原文中的maximize efficiency，more suggestions对应原文中的additional tips，故可知此处所缺词为books。

Part III　Listening Comprehension

Section A

11. A) The professor forgot to give the homework.

B) Prof. Shoesmith is out for a lecture at a conference.

C) The class will not be given until next Tuesday.

D) Tracy may not be an honest friend.

M: Tracy, I missed Prof. Shoesmith's class yesterday for some reasons I can't tell you now. Could you tell me the assignments he gave us?

W: No worries. Prof. Shoesmith was out for a conference and failed to give the lesson. He will not be available to make up for it till next Tuesday.

Q: What can we infer from the dialogue?

A）教授忘记布置家庭作业了。

B）休史密斯教授出去做了一次会议演讲。

C）下周二才能上课。

D）特蕾西也许不是一个诚实的朋友。

男：特蕾西，我昨天因为某些我现在还不能告诉你的原因错过了休史密斯教授的课。你能告诉我他留给我们的作业吗？

女：不用担心。休史密斯教授出去开会了，没有给我们上课。他要等到下周二才有时间把课给我们补上。

问：我们从对话中可以推断出什么？

►听前预测：

①三项提到了与学业有关的词汇（professor，homework，Prof.，lecture，class）。

②选项中提到的人物较多（Prof. Shoesmith，Tracy）。

结论：对话很可能与学业有关，听音时需仔细辨别各人的行为。

►解析：男士对女士也就是特蕾西说，他昨天因为某些原因错过了休史密斯教授的课，并询问教授留了什么作业。女士说教授出去开会了，所以课没上成，教授要到下周二才能回来上课，故选C。

12. A) She was easily affected by traffic conditions.

B) The woman was an efficient colleague.

C) He was considerate of her lateness.

D) Her explanation was not an acceptable one.

W: I'm awfully sorry I'm late again, but I got caught in a traffic jam; you know what transportation was like this time of day.

M: Well, it appears that you have more traffic jams than other colleagues. It's the fourth time you are late within two weeks.

Q: What did the man try to indicate?

A）她很容易受交通状况的影响。

B）女士是一位办事效率高的同事。

C）他对女士的迟到表示体谅。

D）女士的解释不可接受。

女：真是非常抱歉，我又迟到了，但是我遇上了交通堵塞；你也知道每天这个时候的交通状况。

男：嗯，和其他同事相比，你碰到的堵车状况似乎更多。这是你两周内第四次迟到了。

问：男士的言外之意是什么？

►听前预测：本题各选项之间缺乏共性，但将四个选项的意思联系在一起思考，则可推断出本题可能与迟到有关，因为先后出现了交通状况（traffic conditions）、高效（efficient）、迟到（lateness）、解释（explanation）等词。

►解析：本题问男士的话暗示了什么，所以解题的关键是听清楚男士所说的内容。女士就再次迟到一事向男士道歉，并解释说迟到是因为交通堵塞。男士讽刺女士说“和其他同事相比，你碰到的堵车状况似乎更多”，并指出这是两周内女士第四次迟到了，由此可推断，女士迟到的理由并不充分，故选D。

13. A) Eric is an honest boy.

B) Eric has too high an opinion of Tokyo.

C) Eric once had a job in Japan.

D) What Eric said about Tokyo is believable.

W: Eric said that Tokyo is a great place for holding academic conferences.

M: He's certainly in a position to say that. After all, he's been there quite often.

Q: What does the man mean?

A）埃里克是个诚实的男孩。

B）埃里克对东京的评价太高。

C）埃里克曾经在日本有份工作。

D）埃里克对东京的陈述可信。

女：埃里克说东京是举办学术会议的好地方。

男：他当然有权这么说。毕竟，他经常去那儿。

问：男士的意思是什么？

►听前预测：

①选项均提及Eric。

②三项与日本有关（Tokyo，Japan）。

结论：对话可能与埃里克以及日本有关。

►解析：女士说埃里克称东京是举办学术会议的好地方，男士表示埃里克的确有权这么说，因为他常去东京，由此可见，埃里克的话可信，故选D。

14. A) Officer and soldier.

B) Manager and office worker.

C) Doctor and patient.

D) Travel agent and customer.

W: Mr. Jonathan, I wonder whether it's possible for me to take a vacation early next month. I want to have a chance to get together with my family members.

M: Did you fill up a request form? It's of necessity to go through some formalities.

Q: What is the probable relationship between the two speakers?

A）长官和士兵。

B）经理和办公室工作人员。

C）医生和病人。

D）旅游代理人和顾客。

女：乔纳森先生，我想知道下月初我能否请假？我想找机会和我的家人团聚一下。

男：你填完申请表了吗？请假需要办一些手续。

问：两名说话者可能是什么关系？

►听前预测：四项均表示两者之间的关系，故推测对话是对两者关系进行提问，应注意与职业相关的词汇和表达。

►解析：女士问男士下月初她能否请假，她想和家人团聚。男士问女士是否填写了申请表，并告诉女士请假必须办手续。由此可见，二人是公司中的上下级关系，故选B。

15.  A) He has made only a few trips abroad.

B) He dislikes traveling to foreign cities.

C) He prefers domestic cities as destinations of business trips.

D) He wishes to stay in domestic cities.

W: Since you have made so many business trips, you must have visited many cities all over the world.

M: I wish I had, but besides many domestic cities, New York and London are the only two foreign cities I've ever been to.

Q: What does the man mean?

A）他只去过国外几次。

B）他讨厌到国外城市旅行。

C）他更愿意到国内城市出差。

D）他希望待在国内城市。

女：既然你已经出差过这么多次了，你肯定已经游览过世界上很多城市了。

男：我希望如此，可是除了很多国内城市之外，我去过的国外城市只有纽约和伦敦这两个。

问：男士的意思是什么？

►听前预测：

①四项均以he开头。

②三项含有与旅行相关的词汇（trips，traveling to，business trips）。

③两项提到了国内（domestic cities），两项提到了国外（abroad，foreign cities）。

结论：对话可能与男士的旅行经历有关。

►解析：本题问男士的话是什么意思，所以解题的关键是听清楚男士所说的内容。女士说男士经常出差，应该去过世界上很多城市。男士说他倒希望如此，可是除了纽约和伦敦以外，他去的都是国内的城市。由此可见，男士只出过几次国，故选A。

16. A) Supportive.

B) Negative.

C) Indifferent.

D) Neutral.

W: Would you please, Mr. Smith, tell me what you feel about child labor?

M: We are supposed to take care of them as young children.

Q: What's the man's attitude towards child labor?

A）支持。

B）反对。

C）漠不关心。

D）保持中立。

女：史密斯先生，您能告诉我您对童工的看法吗？

男：我们应该把他们当孩子来照顾。

问：男士对童工持什么态度？

►听前预测：四项均为表态度的形容词，故可知本题可能提问某人对某事的态度，重点是听清楚提问的是谁的态度。

►解析：女士问男士对童工的态度，男士说“我们应该把他们当孩子来照顾”，由此可见，男士反对童工，故选B。

17. A) It is a good picture of Bob in every detail.

B) It is a bad image of Bob.

C) It shows Bob's athletic body.

D) It gives light to Bob's hair.

M: That photo definitely highlights Bob's hair color. How do you consider that?

W: As a matter of fact, I think it makes his hair look messier than it really is. But, that's what I really think about the picture.

Q: What does the woman think of the photo?

A）鲍勃的照片在每个细节上都拍得很好。

B）它是鲍勃形象很差的一张照片。

C）它展现了鲍勃运动员般的身材。

D）照片突出了鲍勃的头发。

男：那张照片明显突出了鲍勃的发色。你是怎么看的呢？

女：事实上，我觉得照片上鲍勃的头发要比实际上看起来凌乱。但那是我对照片的真实看法。

问：女士觉得照片怎么样？

►听前预测：

①四项均以it开头，且均提及Bob。

②两项含有与图片有关的词汇（picture，image）。

结论：it很可能指Bob的照片。

►解析：本题问女士对照片的看法，解题的关键是听清楚女士所说的内容。男士说照片突出了鲍勃的发色，并问女士的看法。女士说照片上鲍勃的头发要比实际上看起来凌乱。由此可见，女士认为照片照得不好，故选B。

18. A) Iris is skillful at using the Internet.

B) Iris hates surfing online.

C) Iris tends to stay in rather than go out.

D) Iris ignores her homework very often.

M: Did Iris go to the computer room with you yesterday? She told me she had to retrieve some important information to finish her term paper.

W: Yes. But on usual occasions, even if she hadn't had much homework to do, she would prefer staying in her dormitory to going anywhere else.

Q: What does the woman imply?

A）艾里斯善于使用互联网。

B）艾里斯讨厌上网冲浪。

C）比起出去，艾里斯更愿意待在屋里。

D）艾里斯时常忽略了作业。

男：昨天艾里斯和你一起去机房了吗？她告诉我，为了完成期末论文，她必须要检索一些重要信息。

女：是的。但要是在平时，即使她没有很多作业，她也喜欢待在寝室而不喜欢到别的地方去。

问：女士的言外之意是什么？

►听前预测：

①四项均以Iris开头。

②两项提到了与上网有关的词汇（using the Internet，surfing online）。

结论：对话可能与Iris上网有关。

►解析：男士问女士昨天是否和艾里斯一起去机房了，艾里斯告诉男士她为了完成期末论文要检索一些重要信息。女士表示肯定，随即话锋一转，提到平时即便艾里斯没有很多作业要做，她也喜欢待在寝室而不喜欢出去，故选C。

Conversation One

听力原文&译文

M: Good morning, Butner.［19］Good to have you here.

W: Thank you. Good morning.

M:［19］And let me start with you, because this clearly was a labor of love for you, I believe,［20］as you have spent the last seven years of your life documenting the lives of these more than 400 teenagers that you connected with in such a real way. Why did you want to do this?

W: You know, I always say this project found me; I didn't go looking for it. And I think I just have a real sensitivity towards teenagers.［21］And I think that kids are misrepresented in society. There's a lot of suspicion about teenagers. I think that society doesn't really know who they are. And I'm always rooting for the underdog.

M: Is that the common thread that you found? Did you find that they are, for the most part, the underdogs? I mean that they are really living such complicated lives at such young ages.

W: Oh, absolutely! I think that life is moving really fast these days, and I think that these kids are forced to grow up. And［22］I think a lot of kids are facing very big issues in life, you know, much bigger than we had ever, or at least I had ever faced.

M: Alright, well, that's a good message to end on. So much more we'd love to talk with you about. Thank you.

男：早上好，布特纳。［19］很高兴您能来这里。

女：谢谢。早上好。

男：［19］那么让我们先从您自身谈起吧，［20］因为您在过去的七年里真实地记录了所接触的四百多名青少年的生活，我相信这显然是您的一份有关爱的活动。您为什么想要这么做呢？

女：你知道，我一直说是这个项目发现了我；我并没有去找过它。而且我觉得我只是对青少年问题很敏感而已。［21］我认为人们没有如实反映孩子们在社会中的面貌。很多人都对青少年持有怀疑态度。我认为社会并不真正了解他们是怎样一个群体。而我一直支持弱者。

男：这就是您所发现的共同点吗？您发现大部分青少年都是弱者吗？我的意思是，他们的确是在这么小的年龄就过着如此复杂的生活。

女：哦，当然！我认为如今生活节奏真的越来越快，这些孩子被迫长大。而且［22］我认为很多孩子都面临生活中的重大问题，你知道，甚至比我们经历过的或者至少比我经历过的问题更大。

男：好的，嗯，这是一个很好的结束语。很高兴能与您谈论这么多。谢谢您。

19. A) Colleagues.

B) Instructor and student.

C) Neighbors.

D) Anchor and guest.

Q: What is the most probable relationship between the man and woman?

A）同事。

B）教师和学生。

C）邻居。

D）主持人和嘉宾。

问：男士与女士之间最可能是什么关系？

►听前预测：根据选项内容可推测，该题是对说话人之间关系的考查。听音时应重点关注四项中的内容，并对与身份、职业等相关的词多加留意。

►解析：对话一开始，男士就对女士表示欢迎，并接着说“让我们先从您自身谈起吧”，然后问了女士几个问题，四个选项中只有D项“主持人和嘉宾”最符合二人之间的关系，故为正确答案。

20. A) Baby-sitting the children.

B) Documenting the children.

C) Complaining about the difficulty of living.

D) Teaching teenagers.

Q: What has the woman been doing in the past seven years?

A）给孩子当保姆。

B）记录孩子的生活。

C）抱怨生活的艰难。

D）教青少年。

问：女士在过去的七年里一直在做什么？

►听前预测：

①四项均为动名词短语，可知该题考查某种行为。

②三项含有与孩子或青少年有关的词（children，teenagers）。

结论：该题很可能考查与青少年有关的某种行为。

►解析：对话一开始男士就说，女士花了七年的时间真实地记录了所接触到的四百多名青少年的生活，故可知B项正确。

21. A) Sensitive groups.

B) Disadvantaged groups.

C) Rich groups.

D) Complicated groups.

Q: According to the woman, what kind of position are teenagers in?

A）敏感群体。

B）弱势群体。

C）富有的群体。

D）复杂群体。

问：女士认为，青少年处于什么样的地位？

►听前预测：四项均为名词短语，都由形容词＋groups组成，表示具有某一特征的群体，可推测该题考查某一特定群体所具有的属性。听音时，应先弄清楚具体说的是什么群体，并将听音重点放在sensitive、disadvantaged、rich和complicated上。

►解析：对话中女士说，社会对青少年并不了解，对他们存在怀疑，而自己对青少年问题一直很敏感，一直都支持弱者。可见在女士看来，青少年属于弱势群体，故B项正确。

22.  A) Kids are facing big issues in life.

B) Life is moving fast recently.

C) Kids can not earn the living.

D) Kids are growing up quickly.

Q: Why does the woman assume that teenagers are living complicated lives?

A）青少年正在面对生活中的重大问题。

B）最近生活节奏正在加快。

C）青少年不能赚钱谋生。

D）青少年正迅速成长。

问：女士为什么认为青少年正过着复杂的生活？

►听前预测：

①三项主语都为kids。

②三项含有与生活相关的词（life，living）。

结论：该题很可能考查孩子的生活现状。

►解析：文中男士问女士是否觉得青少年中的大部分人都是弱势群体，因为他们的生活状况很复杂，女士回答“当然”，并说现在的生活节奏越来越快，青少年被迫长大，很多人面临着生活中的重大问题，故可知A项“青少年正在面对生活中的重大问题”是他们生活变复杂的原因。B项只是描述目前生活的现状，不是导致青少年生活复杂的直接原因；C项文中未提及；文中说青少年被迫长大，而不是陈述他们迅速成长，故D项也错误。

Conversation Two

听力原文&译文

W: Morning. So early of you!

M:［23］Hi, I am working on a research task of Prof. Stevenson's class.

W:［23］I missed the class yesterday. Anything interesting?

M: Well, yes, very interesting. His class was about corporate culture and took the Swedish furniture retailer IKEA as an example.

W: Oh, really?

M: Right, with IKEA's mission statement "A better life for the majority of people". Have you been in an IKEA store before?

W: Of course, yeah.［24］Actually my love of its products and working atmosphere pushed me to work part-time in one of its stores last semester.

M: Oh. It is a pity you missed yesterday's class.

W: And maybe I will choose IKEA as the start of my career after graduation.

M: That's great. You set a goal so early. And this part might be useful for you.

W: Hmm, about its recruitment principles.

M: See, although getting highly-skilled people is important for IKEA, they will not choose someone with a conflict of value systems with the company.［25］"Anyone expecting a flash car or status symbols has no future with us" is what they say. And only those who wholly understand and buy into the company's philosophy can get promoted.

W: Interesting. Thanks for the information.

M: Pleasure.

女：早上好。你来得这么早啊！

男：［23］你好，我正在做史蒂文森教授课上留的调查作业。

女：［23］我昨天没去上课。有什么有趣的事吗？

男：嗯，是的，非常有趣。他的课是关于企业文化的，并以瑞典家具零售企业宜家为例进行讲解。

女：哦，真的吗？

男：真的，还提到了宜家的经营理念“为大多数人创造更加美好的生活”。你以前去过宜家家具卖场吗？

女：当然去过。［24］事实上，我对宜家产品和工作环境的喜爱曾促使我上个学期到宜家一家分店做过兼职。

男：哦，那你错过了昨天的课真是太可惜了。

女：而且毕业后我也许会选择宜家作为职业的起点。

男：那真是太棒了。你这么早就设定了目标。这部分可能会对你有用。

女：嗯，关于它的招聘规则。

男：你要明白，虽然吸纳高水平人才对宜家非常重要，但是他们不会选择价值观体系和公司相悖的人，［25］他们声称“那些追求名贵汽车和显赫地位的人在公司是没有前途的”。只有那些完全理解并实践公司价值观的人才能获得提拔。

女：很有趣。谢谢你提供这些信息。

男：不客气。

23. A) Employer and employee.

B) Professor and student.

C) Classmates.

D) Colleagues.

Q: What is the probable relationship between the two speakers?

A）雇主和雇员。

B）教授与学生。

C）同学关系。

D）同事关系。

问：两位说话者很可能是什么关系？

►听前预测：观察四个选项可知，四项均为表示关系的名词或名词词组，可推测本题考查对话中人物关系的辨认。

►解析：对话开头部分，两位说话人互相打了招呼，由男士的话“我正在做史蒂文森教授课上留的调查作业”及女士的应答“我昨天没去上课。有什么有趣的事吗”可知，两人应为同学关系，故选C。

24.  A) She appreciates them.

B) She thinks they are very interesting.

C) She expects to buy some.

D) She finds they are high-priced.

Q: What does the woman think of IKEA's products?

A）她欣赏它们。

B）她认为它们非常有趣。

C）她希望购买它们。

D）她发现它们的价位很高。

问：女士对宜家的产品有何评价？

►听前预测：

①四项主语均为she。

②三项都提到了它们（them，they）。

结论：本题很可能考查she和they的关系或she对they的态度或看法。听音时，应先搞清楚she和they分别指代什么。

►解析：当男士问女士是否去过宜家的分店时，女士回答说“当然”，说自己因为喜欢宜家的产品和工作氛围还曾在一家分店里做过兼职，四项中只有A项与此意思符合。

25. A) Those who pursue fame and money only.

B) Those who dream of owning a flash car.

C) Those who are highly-skilled and focus on high-end markets.

D) Those who value and abide by the company's philosophy.

Q: Which type of employees is most likely to be promoted in IKEA?

A）那些只追求名利的人。

B）那些梦想得到豪车的人。

C）那些高技能、关注高端市场的人。

D）那些珍视并奉行该企业文化的人。

问：在宜家，哪种类型的员工很有可能得到晋升？

►听前预测：四个选项均以those who开头，分别表述了四种不同类型的人，可推断本题问的是哪种类型的人是符合某一标准的，重点应关注与pursue fame and money、owning a flash car、highly-skilled、high-end market、company's philosophy相关的内容。

►解析：对话结尾部分，两位交谈者谈到了宜家的招聘规则，男士提到，宜家虽然看重高技能人才但是不会雇用与公司理念相悖的人，那些追求名贵汽车和显赫地位的人在宜家没有前途，只有那些完全理解并践行企业文化的人才会得到晋升，D项与这一意思相符，故为答案。

Section B

Passage One

听力原文&译文

［26］Millions of Americans take part in adult education programs. Some adults are completing high school, college or graduate school work. They attend classes designed especially for working people on weekends or at night. Other adults take classes by mail or on their computers. For example, the University of Arizona Extended University is one of many colleges now providing such courses.

Other adults learn job skills like computer science or wood-working. Still other adult students learn to read or improve their English.

［27］Some adult students are not trying to finish their education or learn job skills. Instead, they want to explore new interests. They want to learn to speak a foreign language, play a musical instrument or take good pictures. They attend continuing education programs at a community college or public school. For example, Montgomery College in Rockville, Maryland, offers many classes. They teach adults how to build a house or how to write their memories.

An agency in the federal government's Department of Education supervises public adult education programs. The Departments of Agriculture and Defense offer many subjects for adults. So do private companies, labor unions and organizations. These subjects include the arts, science and business.

［28］Education experts say the large numbers of retired Americans are a major reason for the popularity of adult education. These people say they want to continue developing their brains.

［26］数以百万计的美国人参加了成人教育课程。一些成人即将完成高中生、大学生或研究生课程。他们在周末或者晚上参加专门为上班的人开设的课程。另外一些成人则学习函授课程或者网络教育课程。例如，美国亚利桑那大学拓展教育学院就是目前提供这种学习课程众多大学中的一所。

另外一些成人学习计算机或木材加工等工作技能。还有一些成人学生则学习阅读技巧或提升英文水平。

［27］有些成人学生并非是为了完成教育历程或学习工作技能，相反，他们只是想发展新的兴趣爱好。他们想学习说一门外语，演奏一种乐器或者提高照相技术。他们在社区学院或者公立学校参加继续教育课程。例如，马里兰州罗克维尔市的蒙哥马利学院就提供了很多相关课程。他们教成人如何建造房屋，如何把经历过的事情诉诸笔端。

美国联邦政府教育部专门有一个机构监管公共成人教育课程。美国农业部和国防部为成人提供了许多学习科目。许多私人企业及工会组织也参与其中。这些学习科目包含文科、理科或商务等方面。

［28］教育专家称，美国有大量退休人员，这是成人教育课程流行起来的一个主要原因。这些退休人员表示他们希望继续增长才智。

整体预测

根据选项中出现的classes，employees，learning和education可以判断短文讨论的内容与学习和教育有关，而且很有可能是与成人教育相关。

26. A) The problems of the elderly.

B) The employment of graduates.

C) The classes for retired people.

D) Education programs for adults.

Q：What does the speaker focus on?

A）老年人问题。

B）毕业生就业。

C）为退休人员开设的学习班。

D）成人教育课程。

问：说话者主要谈的是什么？

►解题思路：

①四个选项均为名词性短语。

②两项与教育有关（classes，education programs）。

结论：本题可能考查这篇文章主要关注的是什么问题，很有可能与教育有关。

►解析：文章一开始就提到，美国有数以百万人参加了成人教育课程，下文围绕这一主题进一步展开，讲述了美国成人教育课程设置的特点、高校和政府对于成人教育的扶持以及美国成年人参加成人教育课程的原因等方面，故可知本题应选D。

27. A) Spending more time with their peers.

B) Making as many friends as possible.

C) Learning something new.

D) Killing time.

Q: Instead of learning job skills or finishing their education, what do some American adults attend continuing education programs for?

A）有更多时间与同龄人待在一起。

B）交尽可能多的朋友。

C）学习一些新东西。

D）消磨时间。

问：一些美国成人参加继续教育课程不是为了学习工作技能或完成教育历程，而是为了什么？

►解题思路：

①四个选项均为动名词-ing形式的短语。

②选项中提到“花时间与某人在一起”、“交友”、“学习新事物”和“消磨时间”等信息。

结论：本题考查的内容与做某事的目的相关。

►解析：文章提到一些成人学生上课并不是要完成他们的教育或学习工作技能，而是想发展新的兴趣爱好，故本题选C。

28. A) The fierce competition in the market.

B) The big numbers of retired people.

C) The reform of education system.

D) The great pressure of work.

Q: What is the main reason for the popularity of adult education?

A）激烈的市场竞争。

B）退休人员数量众多。

C）教育制度的改革。

D）巨大的工作压力。

问：成人教育流行起来的主要原因是什么？

►解题思路：

①四个选项为名词性短语。

②选项中提到“竞争”、“退休人口”、“教育改革”和“工作压力”等信息。

结论：本题可能问的是原因，听音时应该注意听与各选项中核心词汇相关的信息。

►解析：文章最后一段提到，“教育专家称，美国有大量退休人员，这是成人教育课程流行起来的一个主要原因。”故B项正确。

Passage Two

听力原文&译文

Life as we know it would simply not exist without plants.［29］Biodiversity—the web of all life on Earth—depends fundamentally on plants and fungi. Plants are used by every human being on the planet, every single day. Just think of what you ate for breakfast this morning, the cup of coffee at your desk, the clothes you're wearing. Plants provide the human race with food, fuel, medicine, clothing and shelter, whether we live in the countryside or a modern city, in Europe or in sub-Saharan Africa. Plants provide invaluable services, they provide us with the very air we breathe, clean water and fertile soil and they help regulate the climate. Plants also provide habitats and food for mammals, birds and invertebrates around the globe.［30］But we are living in an age of acute plant blindness. Somehow, while we make great strides in technology, many of us have forgotten the fundamental importance of the very things on which our lives ultimately depend. Plant diversity is being destroyed at a greater rate than ever before and much of this is due to habitat loss through changes in land use.［31］We believe that economic development must go hand in hand with care for the environment. At the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, and other botanic gardens around the world, our plant scientists and horticulturists are working towards effective, science-based conservation solutions to ensure that we leave a healthy and hopeful world to the next generation.

正如我们所知道的，如果没有了植物，生命将会不复存在。［29］生物多样性——地球上所有生命的关系网络——主要依赖于植物和真菌。地球上的每个人每一天都在利用植物。就想想你今天早上吃的早餐，桌子上的咖啡以及身上穿的衣服。植物为人类提供了食物、燃料、药材、衣物和住所，不管我们是住在乡村还是现代城市，欧洲还是撒哈拉沙漠以南的非洲地区。植物提供了无价的服务，它们提供给我们呼吸的空气、干净的水和肥沃的土壤，而且还有助于调节气候。它们还为全球的哺乳动物、鸟类和无脊椎动物提供了栖息地和食物。［30］但是我们正生活在一个极度无视植物的时代。不知怎么地，随着科技的巨大进步，很多人已经忘记了我们的生命最终赖以生存的事物的重要性。植物的多样性正在遭受前所未有的破坏，而这很大程度上缘于对陆地使用而产生的变化中动物栖息地的丧失。［31］我们认为，经济发展必须和环境保护相结合。在克佑区（英国）皇家植物园以及世界上的其他植物园，我们的植物科学家和园艺家正联手研究有效、科学的环境保护方法，以确保为我们的下一代留下一个健康而充满希望的世界。

整体预测

快速浏览各题选项，根据其中的关键词plants、human beings、protection和technology and economy推测，该短文很可能谈论的是植物与人类活动的关系等方面的内容，具体细节需要进一步分析各个选项。

29. A) Plants and animals.

B) Plants and fungi.

C) Plants and human beings.

D) Plants and earth.

Q: What does biodiversity depend mainly on, according to the passage?

A）植物和动物。

B）植物和真菌。

C）植物和人类。

D）植物和地球。

问：根据文章内容，生物多样性主要依赖于什么？

►解题思路：

①四项均由两个并列的名词构成。

②四项均含有plants。

结论：本题很可能考查与植物有关的内容。听音重点为animals、fungi、human beings和earth。

►解析：本题问生物多样性的基础是什么。文章开头提到，生物多样性主要依赖于植物和真菌。故本题选B。

30. A) Plants cannot see.

B) Plants are invisible.

C) Human beings cannot recognize certain species of plants.

D) Plants are damaged rather than protected by human beings.

Q: What does the phrase "plant blindness" refer to?

A）植物不能看。

B）植物是隐形的。

C）人类不能识别某些植物种类。

D）人类破坏而不是保护植物。

问：短语“无视植物”指的是什么？

►解题思路：

①四项均含有plants。

②两项含有human beings。

结论：本题很可能考查植物与人类的关系。听音重点为cannot see、invisible、recognize和damaged。

►解析：本题是细节题，问的是文中的plant blindness指的是什么。文中提到，植物是人类生存和生活的基础，然而随着科技的进步，很多人遗忘了植物的重要意义和作用，植物的多样性正由于人类的各种活动而遭到前所未有的破坏。四项中，只有D项与这一意思一致，故为正确答案。

31. A) Plant more crops in the countryside.

B) Build more habitat regions for human beings.

C) Work out more plant protection and regeneration methods.

D) Ensure great advancement in technology and economy.

Q: In order to leave a healthy and hopeful world to the next generation, what do we have to do?

A）在农村种植更多庄稼。

B）为人类建造更多居住区。

C）出台更多植物保护和再生措施。

D）确保技术和经济的巨大发展。

问：为了给我们的下一代留下一个健康而充满希望的世界，我们必须要做什么？

►解题思路：

①四项均为动宾短语。

②两项含有与植物有关的词汇（plant，crops）。

结论：本题很可能考查与植物相关的某种行为。听音重点为more crops、habitat regions、protection and regeneration以及technology and economy。

►解析：题目问的是为了给我们的下一代留下一个健康而充满希望的世界，我们应该怎么做。文中提到，经济发展必须和环境保护相结合，目前，世界上的植物科学家和园艺师正携手研究更有效和科学的环境保护方法，以确保给我们的下一代留下一个健康而充满希望的世界，故本题选C。

Passage Three

听力原文&译文

Why aren't there more women physicists, and in senior positions?［32］One factor may be unconscious biases that could keep women physicists from advancing—and may even prevent women from going into physics in the first place.

Amy Bug, a physicist at Swarthmore College, examined the bias question. Her research team trained four actors—two men, two women—to give a 10-minute physics lecture. Real physics classes watched the lecturers.［33］Then the 126 students were surveyed. When it came to questions of physics ability—whether the lecturer had a good grasp of the material, and knew how to use the equipment—male lecturers got higher ratings by both male and female students.

［34］But when asked how well the lecturer relates to the students, each gender preferred their own. And while female students gave a slight preference to female lecturers, male students overwhelmingly rated the male lecturers as being superior. The research appears in the journal Physics World.［35］Bug says the results may be evidence of inherent biases that could hold women back—along with economic inequalities, such as lower wages and smaller start-up grants, which reduce career acceleration and thus the amount of force available to crack the glass ceiling.

为什么女物理学家和职位较高的女性只占少数呢？［32］一个因素可能是潜意识的偏见，这种偏见阻碍了女物理学家的进步，甚至首先阻碍了女性进入到物理学研究领域。

斯沃斯莫尔学院的物理学家埃米·巴格对这个偏见问题进行了仔细调查。她的研究团队培训了四名演员——两名男性，两名女性——让他们讲10分钟的物理课。真正的物理班上的学生来听他们的课，［33］然后对这126名学生进行了调查。当涉及物理学知识水平时——授课人是否很好地理解了讲课材料，并知道如何使用教学设备——男学生和女学生都认为男性授课人水平更高。

［34］但是当询问听课的学生与授课人之间的关系如何时，男女学生分别更喜爱同性别的授课人。尽管女学生对女授课人只是稍稍偏爱一些，而男学生却普遍认为男授课人更优秀。《物理世界》杂志刊登了调查结果。［35］巴格称该结果可能证实了那些会阻碍女性发展的固有偏见，这些固有偏见连同诸如低工资和小额创业补助金之类的经济不平等现象减少了妇女职业晋升的机会、削弱了妇女冲破藩篱的力量。

整体预测

快速浏览各题选项，根据其中的关键词unconscious biases、difference、female、male和each gender推测，该短文很可能谈论的是与男女差别有关的内容，具体细节需要进一步分析各个选项。

32.  A) Unconscious biases.

B) Mental difference.

C) Intelligent difference.

D) Physical difference.

Q: According to the passage, why are there fewer women physicists than men physicists?

A）潜意识的偏见。

B）思想上的不同。

C）智力上的不同。

D）体质上的不同。

问：根据文章内容，为什么女物理学家比男物理学家少？

►解题思路：

①四项均为名词短语。

②三项含有difference。

结论：结合整体预测可知，本题考查的内容可能与男女之间的差别有关。

►解析：题目问是什么因素导致女物理学家比男物理学家少。文中开头提到，女物理学家之所以比男物理学家少，一个重要的因素是潜意识里的偏见，故本题选A。

33. A) 162.

B) 116.

C) 126.

D) 26.

Q: How many students were surveyed in the lectures?

A）162。

B）116。

C）126。

D）26。

问：物理课上多少学生接受了调查？

►解题思路：四项均为数字，故可知本题考查与数字有关的问题。听音时，需重点关注文中出现的数字并将其对应的内容记录下来，然后再根据问题做出进一步的判断。

►解析：本题是细节题。文中提到，斯沃斯莫尔学院的物理学家埃米·巴格所在的研究团队培训了四名“演员”——两名男演员，两名女演员，让他们分别给物理专业的学生上10分钟的物理课，然后对这126名学生进行了调查。故本题选C。

34. A) Female students like male lecturers better than female ones.

B) Female students and male students prefer lecturers of their own gender.

C) Male students think female lecturers are much better than male ones.

D) Male students see no difference between male lecturers and female ones.

Q: What do we learn about how well the lecturers relate to the students in the research?

A）女学生喜爱男授课人胜过喜爱女授课人。

B）女学生和男学生更喜爱各自性别的授课人。

C）男学生认为女授课人比男授课人更好。

D）男学生认为男授课人和女授课人之间没有区别。

问：关于在研究中授课人与学生相处的融洽程度，我们能了解到什么？

►解题思路：

①四个选项均提及男女学生和男女授课人（male students，female students，male lecturers，female ones，lecturers of their own gender）。

②四个选项均表示比较或对比（better than，prefer，much better than，see no difference）。

结论：本题很可能考查男女学生对于男女授课人的偏爱程度。

►解析：文中提到，在调查中当询问听课的学生与授课人之间的关系如何时，男女学生分别更喜爱各自性别的授课人。B项与此含义一致，故为答案。

35. A) Legal aspect.

B) Economic aspect.

C) Education.

D) Social security.

Q: Which of the following is the other aspect in which women suffer from gender discrimination?

A）法律方面。

B）经济方面。

C）教育。

D）社会保障。

问：以下哪一项体现了女性遭受性别歧视的另一方面？

►解题思路：

①四项均为名词短语。

②四项分别为四个不同的方面。

结论：本题很可能考查与法律、经济、教育以及社会保障等某一方面有关的问题。

►解析：在文章的末尾巴格谈到，对于126名学生的调查结果显示，很可能是人们固有的偏见阻碍了女物理学家的发展，与此同时还有经济方面的不平等待遇，故本题选B。

Section C

In 1995, Ryan Schreiber was a 19-year-old Minneapolis record-store clerk who wanted to publish a rock-music fanzine but lacked access to a photocopier. Instead, he started a［36］website, called it Pitchfork and began posting his thoughts on bands like Sonic Youth, Fugazi and the Pixies—groups whose songs［37］rarely appeared on the radio or MTV. It was the first golden age of "indie" artists, back when the word was［38］shorthand for music released on［39］independent record labels,［40］signifying the artistic freedom and cachet that came from operating on the fringes.

By 2000, Schreiber had moved the site to Chicago, acquired some freelance writers and codified the Pitchfork review into a signature［41］formula—a long, rambling personal opinion of an album,［42］accompanied by a rating on a scale from 0.0 to 10.0. But the site's［43］readership was still, to use his word, "negligible". That changed in October of that year, when Pitchfork posted a fawning, grandiloquent 10.0 review of Radiohead's experimental rock album Kid A. Critic Brent DiCrescenzo's paean included lines like "butterscotch lamps along the walls of the tight city square bled upward into the cobalt sky" and became an Internet sensation—for all the wrong reasons.

［44］Then an odd thing happened: people made fun of the prose, but they kept reading Pitchfork. Schreiber and his writers knew what they were talking about; Kid A., which later debuted at No.1 on Billboard, really was a 10.0 album.［45］Pitchfork's reviews of artists previously considered unknown or underground—like xylophone-prone Icelandic band Sigur Rós and harmonizing rockers Modest Mouse—began to act as stepping-stones to mainstream coverage. In the year of 2000, Modest Mouse moved from independent label Up Records to Sony-owned Epic;［46］by 2005, they had performed on Saturday Night Live, been nominated for two Grammys and guest-starred on Fox's teen drama The O.C. Their songs are now used in car commercials.

1995年，在明尼阿波利斯一家唱片店担任店员的19岁的瑞安·施赖伯想要出版一份有关摇滚音乐的爱好者杂志，但他没有影印机。相反地，他创办了一家名为Pitchfork的［36］网站，并开始把他对音速青年、弗格齐和精灵乐队这样的乐队的想法发布在网站上，他们的歌［37］很少出现在广播或音乐电视里。这是“独立”艺术家的第一个黄金时代，过去“独立”这个词是对［39］独立唱片公司所发唱片音乐的［38］简略描述，［40］代表了艺术自由和对艺术流派保持中立地经营音乐的声望。

到了2000年，施赖伯把网站办公地点搬到了芝加哥，招募了一些自由职业写手并将Pitchfork的网站评论改编成了一种特色鲜明的［41］模式——用户对一部专辑漫无目的地表达长篇大论，［42］连同对唱片进行0.0到10.0的等级划分。但用他自己的话说，网站的［43］浏览人数还是“不值得一提”。那年的10月份，情况发生了变化，Pitchfork发布了一份对电台司令乐队的试验摇滚专辑《Kid A.》带有奉承、夸大因素的10.0级评论。（音乐）评论人Brent DiCrescenzo的赞美性评论文章里面包含这样的句子：“拥挤的城市广场墙边，奶油糖果状灯的血红色的灯光照向深蓝色的天空”。由于阴差阳错的原因，该评论在网上引起了轰动。

［44］接着奇怪的事情发生了：人们取笑这样的评论，但还是一直在浏览Pitchfork网站。施赖伯和他的写手知道他们在谈论什么；后来以美国公告牌排行榜第一位的身份亮相的《Kid A.》确实是个10.0等级的专辑。［45］Pitchfork以前对诸如冰岛木琴演奏乐队Sigur Rós以及和声摇滚乐团Modest Mouse所作的被认为是名不见经传或地下的艺术评论开始成为介入主流新闻报道的敲门砖。2000年，隶属于独立唱片公司Up Records的Modest Mouse转为索尼唱片旗下的公司Epic的成员。［46］到2005年，他们已在《周六夜现场》节目里有过演出，获得两次格莱美提名奖，并在福克斯电影公司的青少年剧《橘子郡男孩》中客串演出。现在汽车广告还在使用他们的歌曲。

Part IV　Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)

Section A

2008年6月，在医药行业工作了17年之后，身为药剂师的我被一家医药公司解雇了。

［47］余下的日子我该做些什么呢？我知道自己想要在某一天重返校园教书，但我一直设想的是到了［48］退休年龄再去。但是现在，我才44岁，就得做出决定了。从最近的经历来看，我明白与实际运用知识一遍又一遍地重复同样的工作相比，我更［49］享受向别人传授知识的过程。所有的条件都相同时，我意识到自己更愿意去教书，而不是在医药行业另找一份工作来做。

所以，我与我的研究生导师和几位在学校工作的朋友［50］详谈了一番。他们使我［51］相信，我可以搬到生活成本较低的城市去，在暑假挣些［52］外快，还可以做些咨询工作，这样就可以挣到足够多的钱了；尽管我在研究型大学找到工作的可能性比较小，但如果去应聘本科学院的话，我找到工作的机会则会［53］大一些。对我来说，第二条建议还不错，因为我想要教书，而且负责一个重点是教导本科生怎样做研究的研究项目听起来也［54］挺令我满意的。

第一场面试是我母校的面试，时间很短，因为我资质很好，准备也很充分。

一周以后，我去学院参加了我的第二场校园面试。面试了一整天之后，那天晚上，我和学院的几位［55］教职人员一起吃了晚饭。那天下午早些时候，我代替以往教这门课的教授讲了一堂有机化学课，而那名教授与其他老师一起观看了我授课的过程。

最后，在2010年3月下旬，我的母校给我［56］提供了一个终身职位。

47. M

语法判断：空格前为定冠词the，后为介词短语of my life，可知空格处应填入名词。

语义判断：文章首句提到作者工作17年之后被公司解雇了，本空所在句紧承上文，以问句的方式设句，由此语境可推测作者此处是想说自己的余生该怎么办，选项中备选名词只有rest符合题意，the rest of my life即“我的余生”，故本题选M。

48. I

语法判断：空格前为动词reached，后为名词age。因为reach作“到达”解时是及物动词，故空格处应该填入一个age的修饰词，可以是名词或者形容词。

语义判断：根据语境可知，叙述者想要表达的是“根据我的设想，等自己到了______年纪的时候，那样的事情（即重返学校教书的事情）才会发生。”选项中能够与age搭配表示某一具体的年龄段的单词只有retirement。而到了退休年龄重返校园教书，既符合情理，又符合语境，故选I。

49. B

语法判断：空格前为主语I，后为动名词passing on knowledge，可知此处缺少可以后接动名词的谓语动词。

语义判断：在备选的三个动词enjoyed、convinced与offered中，只有enjoy后可接动名词，用在此处表示“享受向别人传授知识的过程”，符合语境，故选B。

50. K

语法判断：该空所在的句子主干为I talked with my graduate adviser and several friends，由此可知，at ______是固定搭配，在句中作状语，修饰谓语动词talk。

语义判断：选项中可以和at构成固定搭配的词只有length。at length意为“长时间地；详尽地”，符合句意。故选K。

51. L

语法判断：空格前为主语they，后为宾语me，可知此处缺少一个谓语动词。

语义判断：备选的动词还有convinced和offered两项。其中，convince意为“说服，使信服”，用在此处表示“他们使我相信……”，符合语境，故选L。

52. E

语法判断：空格前为介词for，后为名词income，可知此处应填入一个动词的-ing形式、形容词、冠词或名词。

语义判断：这句话想要表达的是：在夏天的时候挣一些______收入。根据常理，教师在夏天的时候会放暑假，可以做些兼职赚些额外的收入，故extra符合句意。

53. F

语法判断：空格前为不定冠词a，空格后为名词chance，可知此处应填入一个形容词修饰chance。

语义判断：备选的形容词有awful（糟糕的）、stressful（紧张的）和reasonable（合理的）三项。文中叙述者的朋友向他建议说，他在研究型大学找到工作的可能性比较小，去本科学院应聘的话机会则______。很明显，stressful和awful不符合语境，而reasonable可以表示“不错的；过得去的”之意，符合语境和句意。

54. H

语法判断：空格前为不及物动词sounded，空格后没有成分。sound可以作系动词，表示“听起来”之意，后面接形容词，表示主语的状态。由此可知，此处应填入一个形容词作表语。

语义判断：备选的形容词有awful、stressful和satisfying三项。根据上文中The second point was fine with me可知，叙述者对这一点还是挺满意的，故选H。

55. C

语法判断：空格前为形容词several，后为名词members，可知此处应填入一个名词或者形容词来修饰members。

语义判断：文中提到，叙述者去学校进行了第二轮面试，并在当天晚上与几个______成员一起吃了晚餐。由此可知，空格处填入的词应该与学校的人员有关。备选的形容词和名词中，只有faculty有“学校的教职工”之意，故选C。

56. O

语法判断：空格前为主语my university，后为宾语me，可知此处缺少谓语动词。

语义判断：备选的动词只有offered一项了，offered me a tenure-track job在此处表示“提供一个终身职位”，符合语境，故选O。

Section B

Passage One

英语很重要。［57］它已经取代了竞争对手，成为外交、商务、科学、互联网及世界文化的语言。说汉语的人更多，但就连这么多说汉语的人也在努力学习英语，那么，这种情况是怎么发生的？原因又是什么呢？

举个例子：印度人开始讲两种语言，促进了新英语文化圈中人数最多的说英语的中产阶级的增长。［58］这源于英国历史学家托马斯·麦考利于1835年提出的培养一个说英语的新阶级的建议：“一个有着印度人的血统与肤色，但同时又有着英国人的品味、见解、道德观念及才智的阶级。”麦克拉姆先生指出，英语一下子成了“政府、教育和发展的语言，同时也成了自我完善以及帝国统治的象征”。说英语的中产阶级现在是印度发展的动力之一，同时在赶超中国的竞赛中也是中流砥柱。

渐渐地，英语取代了法语在外交界及德语在科学界的地位。其原因是美国的崛起以及大英帝国所建立的持久联系。［59］但该语言本身灵活、包容的性质是另一个原因。英语允许从新加坡英语到爱沙尼亚英语等许多变体的存在，在这些变体中，主要的词汇是相似的，但又有许多新词遍布其中，语法和句法也各具特色。

［60］但是，母语非英语的人说的英语则是不同的。听一个韩国商人与一个波兰人用英语谈判时，你就会发现差异：他们的语言简短突兀、语气强硬，而且不加任何修饰。然而，在“全球英语”（这一巧妙的说法由麦克拉姆先生命名）的口语中，正在渐渐形成等级。能用“全球英语”开玩笑的人优于那些不能的人。

目前大的变化趋势是形成一个全球适用的书面“全球英语”。拼写检查和翻译软件意味着任何人都能通过可以理解的书面英语进行交流。［61］口头英语由于发音、礼貌性用法和强调语气的差异而支离破碎，与之相比，电子邮件、Twitter和短信英语则变得更易于相互理解。麦克拉姆先生将这种新语言恰当地称为“表达所有想法的途径”。

【论说文：全球英语】

第1段：指出英语是当今世界上最重要的语言。

第2段：以印度为例讲述英语的发展。

第3段：说明英语成为最重要的语言的原因，即英语国家的强大和该语言本身的特点。

第4段：母语非英语的人所讲的英语（全球英语）会形成等级。

第5段：应该努力发展书面的“全球英语”。

57. According to the first paragraph, "English is what matters" suggests that ______.

A) English is spoken by most of the people in the world

B) more and more Chinese begin to learn English

C) English has become the universal language in many fields

D) English has won the triumph over other languages

根据第一段，“英语很重要”这句话暗示了______。

A）世界上说英语的人占大多数

B）越来越多的中国人开始学英语

C）英语已在很多领域成为世界语言

D）英语的成功超过了其他语言

►定位：根据题干中的the first paragraph将答案定位到文章第一段。

►解析：本题问的是文章第一句话说明了什么。文章第一句话表明观点，即英语很重要，接下来第二句话对这一观点进行了具体论述，即英语已经取代了竞争对手，成为外交、商务、科学、互联网及世界文化的语言，C项所说的“英语已在很多领域成为世界语言”与这一意思一致，故为正确答案。文中明确提到世界上说汉语的人口更多，所以A项“世界上说英语的人占大多数”明显不正确。文中虽然提到越来越多的中国人正努力学英语，但这并不是“英语很重要”的原因，故排除B。D项错在没有说出英语很重要的原因，属于隔靴搔痒。

58. Which one is TRUE about India's middle class according to Paragraph Two?

A) English should become India's middle class' only language.

B) India's middle class learned the English way of living and thinking.

C) Although India's middle class learnt English, they were still Indians.

D) India's middle class dominated the political world.

根据第二段，下列关于印度中产阶级的说法中那一项是正确的？

A）英语应该成为印度中产阶级的唯一语言。

B）印度中产阶级学会了英国人的生活方式和思维方式。

C）虽然印度中产阶级学了英语，但他们仍是印度人。

D）印度中产阶级统治了政界。

►定位：根据题干中的Paragraph Two及India's middle class可将答案定位到文章第二段。

►解析：本题问的是，由第二段可知下列关于印度中产阶级的说法中哪一项是正确的。考生需要先理解文章第二段是如何描述印度的中产阶级的，再判断选项的正误。第二段第二句话提到了印度中产阶级的来历：历史学家托马斯·麦考利建议培养一个说英语的新阶级，“一个有着印度人的血统与肤色，但同时又有着英国人的品味、见解、道德观念及才智的阶级。”由此可见，印度的中产阶级不但学习了英语，也学会了英国人的生活方式和思维方式，故B项正确。文中虽然提到印度的中产阶级要学英语，但并没有说他们应该只说英语，故A项错误。C项“虽然印度的中产阶级学了英语，但他们仍是印度人”从常识来说肯定是正确的，但这并不是文章第二段表述的内容，故排除。D项文中未提及，也可排除。

59. Why did English displace French in diplomatic field and German in scientific field?

A) English-speaking countries held greater power in the world.

B) English was a changeable language.

C) America and the British Empire held a strong bond.

D) English's tolerant towards its sub-variants.

为什么英语在外交领域取代了法语，在科学领域取代了德语？

A）说英语的国家在世界上更强大。

B）英语是一种多变的语言。

C）美国和大英帝国联系紧密。

D）英语对其变体具有包容性。

►定位：根据题干中的French in diplomatic field和German in scientific field将答案定位到文章第三段。

►解析：本题问的是为什么英语在外交领域取代了法语，在科学领域取代了德语。这是一道因果题，解答这类问题，考生要找到定位点前后的because，so，therefore，as a result，reason等词，这些词前后的句子往往是答案所在。文中the reason for this was...之后给出了其中的一个原因：美国的崛起以及大英帝国所建立的持久联系，接着这句之后的But the elastic，forgiving nature of the language itself was another又给出了另一个原因，即英语既灵活又有包容性。包容性具体指代的内容，在下文中给出了解释：英语允许许多变体的存在。结合选项可知，只有D项正确。D项中的tolerant与原文中的forgiving是同义替换。A项错在文中并没有提到“说英语的国家在世界上更强大”。B项说“英语是一种多变的语言”，这个信息文中也未提及，故排除。考生很容易错选C，将其当成文章所给的第一个原因，但文中说的并不是“美国和大英帝国联系紧密”，故该选项也不正确。

60. What's the spoken Globish according to the passage?

A) It is the English spoken by people from different countries.

B) It is a new-invented language spoken all over the world.

C) It is a universal language different from English.

D) It is the English developing into hierarchies.

根据文章内容，全球英语口语指的是什么？

A）来自不同国家的人共同说的英语。

B）全世界的人说的一种新发明的语言。

C）不同于英语的世界语言。

D）形成等级的英语。

►定位：根据题干中的spoken Globish将答案定位到文章第四段。

►解析：本题问的是根据文章内容，spoken Globish指什么。文章第四段第三句提到了spoken Globish，考生如果注意到Globish一词是由global和English两个词合成的，很容易就会猜到这个词指“全球英语”，进而选出答案A。而且，由于第三句提到的spoken Globish是由前一句中韩国人和波兰人说的英语总结而来的，所以即使没有看出Globish一词的构成，也可以得出答案。B项和C项明显与原文不符。D项中的developing和hierarchies两个词在第四段倒数第二句中都出现了，但是将Globish定义为“形成等级的英语”显然是不正确的，故排除。

61. What's the written Globish's advantage over the spoken one?

A) The written one is more convenient.

B) The written one is more fractured.

C) The written one belongs to the higher class.

D) The written one is better for mutual understanding.

与全球英语口语相比，书面全球英语有什么优势？

A）书面全球英语更方便。

B）书面全球英语更支离破碎。

C）书面全球英语是属于社会更高阶层的人的。

D）书面全球英语更易于相互理解。

►定位：根据题干中的the written Globish将答案定位到文章最后一段。

►解析：本题问的是与“全球英语”口语相比，书面“全球英语”有什么优势。文章最后一段倒数第二句指出，英语口语由于发音、礼貌性用法和强调语气的差异而支离破碎，与之相比，电子邮件、Twitter和短信英语则变得更易于相互理解。由此可知，书面英语的优势就在于人们可以更好地相互理解，故D项正确。A、C两项文中均未提及，故排除。B项中的more fractured是口语的特点，不是书面语的，也可排除。

Passage Two

［62］“补充物”一词的定义之一就是“使某一事物完整或使整体得到扩展或强化的添加物”。

补充物可能会非常有益，但是你必须小心，因为所有补充物都像药物一样，具有潜在的风险。在吃任何补充物之前要先咨询一下你的医生。

补充物可能是天然的，但那并不意味着吃下它完全没有危险。［63］即便不是全部，也有许多补充物可能与处方药或非处方药相互作用，如果服用不当，会产生有害的副作用，甚至会使当前的治疗状况变得更糟。这就是告诉你的保健医师所有你正在服用的补充物之所以重要的原因。在密歇根大学的一项研究中，服用补充物的病人中有三分之一正在使用会与他们的心脏疾病治疗药物互相作用的补充物。如果你正在服用稀释血液的药物，如阿司匹林、香豆素（华法林）或波立维（氯吡格雷），一定要特别小心，因为许多补充物如银杏、人参、大蒜、维生素E、鱼油及辅酶Q10等也有稀释血液的作用，一起服用的话可能会导致危险性出血。

同样，［64］标签上也许注明“天然”，但这不意味着该补充物就比药物更加安全。补充物中仍然含有会对你的身体产生影响的化学成分，这也是它们起作用的原因。因此，服用补充物的量不要超过建议用量，服用的时间也不要超过建议时间。如果你正怀孕或者处于哺乳期，在服用任何补充物之前一定要与医生反复确认。

在未来的几年中，你肯定会听说越来越多的关于降低胆固醇、保护心脏的天然替代品。［65］但是在你追随任何潮流之前一定要注意：没有什么补充物能代替生活方式的改变，特别是良好的饮食习惯。事实是，科学家们可能永远无法只用一粒药丸来复制像水果、蔬菜、粗粮等食品给健康带来的大量好处及复杂效果。当然，如果一边放纵地吃着牛排和冰激凌一边用补充物降低胆固醇，或者在吃山楂或辅酶Q10降血压的同时并不做点什么来释放令你焦虑不安的工作带来的压力，最终可能并不会给你的心脏和动脉带来什么好处。

【说明文：补充物】

第1段：通过下定义的方式引出要说明的事物——补充物。

第2段：补充物像药物一样，具有潜在的风险。

第3段：补充物可能与药物相互作用，产生副作用，甚至使当前的治疗状况变得更糟。

第4段：“天然”补充物也含有会对身体产生影响的化学成分，因此服用之前要小心。

第5段：吃补充物不如改变生活方式，开始健康饮食。

62. According to the passage, which one belongs to supplements?

A) Water.

B) Apples.

C) Vitamins.

D) Tomatoes.

根据文章内容，下列选项中哪一个属于补充物？

A）水。

B）苹果。

C）维生素。

D）西红柿。

►定位：本题没有明显的定位词，很难界定出题范围，但根据出题顺序与文章顺序基本一致的原则，答案应在文章开始部分。

►解析：本题问的是选项中哪个是补充物。文章第一段是补充物的定义，“使某一事物完整或使整体得到扩展或强化的添加物”，由此可知只有C“维生素”是补充物。其他三项中，A项是人类生存不可或缺的物质，B、D两项都是天然的、可直接食用的，所以本题比较容易选出正确答案C。

63. Why is it important to tell your doctor about the supplements you take?

A) Supplements are harmful to health.

B) It's difficult to buy supplements outside the hospital.

C) All the supplements may interact with medicines.

D) Some supplements may cause side effects.

为什么告诉你的医生你在吃什么补充物很重要？

A）补充物对身体健康有害。

B）在医院外面很难买到补充物。

C）所有的补充物都可能与药物相互作用。

D）有些补充物可能会有副作用。

►定位：根据题干中的important to tell your doctor about the supplements you take将答案定位到第三段第二、三句。

►解析：本题问为什么告诉你的医生你在吃什么补充物很重要，属于细节题。题干是对文章第三段第三句话的改写。文中指出，这就是告诉你的保健医师所有你正在服用的补充物之所以重要的原因。由此可知，此句之前的句子给出了原因，即补充物可能与药物相互作用，如果服用不当，会产生有害的副作用，或者甚至会使当前的治疗状况变得更糟。四个选项中，A项和C项过于绝对，补充物不一定总是有害的或者与其他药物互相作用的，故排除。B项文中未提及。只有D项“有些补充物可能会有副作用”符合原文，故为正确答案。

64. Which one is TRUE about the natural supplements?

A) Natural supplements contain chemicals that have an effect on our bodies.

B) It's more dangerous to take drugs than natural supplements.

C) People can make their own decision about how much and how long to take them.

D) Garlic, CoQ10 and hawthorn are natural supplements.

下列关于天然补充物的说法中哪一项是正确的？

A）天然补充物含有会对人体产生影响的化学物质。

B）吃药比吃天然补充物危险。

C）人们能自己决定服用天然补充物的量和持续服用时间。

D）大蒜、辅酶Q10和山楂是天然补充物。

►定位：根据题干中的natural supplements将答案定位到文章第四段。

►解析：第四段主要是关于天然补充物的，其中提到天然补充物并不比药物安全，它们中仍然含有会对人的身体产生影响的化学成分。由此可知，A项正确。文中只说天然补充物不比药物安全，并没有说吃药比吃天然补充物危险，故B项不正确。文中提到人们要按照建议用量和建议时间服用补充物，C项明显与这一意思相反。D项文中没有提及，故排除。

65. By saying "before you jump on any bandwagons, take heed" (Line 2, Para. 5), the author means ______.

A) when you want to catch up a car with flowers, you should be careful

B) you should think carefully before you buy the new alternatives

C) you should never buy the new alternatives

D) you should consult the health care provider when you want to take supplements

作者说“在你追随任何潮流之前，一定要注意”（第5段，第2行）的意思是______。

A）当你追赶花车时，你应该要小心

B）在购买新的替代品之前要仔细考虑一下

C）你绝对不该买新的替代品

►定位：根据题干中的Line 2, Para. 5将答案定位到第五段第二句。

►解析：本题问文中一句话的意思，一般需要根据上下文来判断。这句话的前一句提到，在未来的几年中，你肯定会听说越来越多的关于降低胆固醇、保护心脏的天然替代品。下一句话提到没有什么补充物能代替生活方式的改变，特别是良好的饮食习惯。由此可见这句话应该表达转折的意思，即虽然有这样的替代品，我们也不应该匆忙购买，因为它们无法代替良好的生活方式和饮食习惯。结合四个选项可知，B项“在购买新的替代品之前要仔细考虑一下”正确。A项是利用bandwagon的本意设置的干扰项，bandwagon本意为“花车”，但jump on a bandwagon并不是“跳上花车”的意思，而是“赶时髦，追随潮流”。即使考生不认识这个短语，根据上下文也应该推测出此句的意思与“花车”无关。C项错在表述过于绝对，文章只是建议人们要考虑清楚（take heed），并不是说绝对不能买。D项错在扩大了这句话的表意范围，作者说这句话并没有建议人们咨询医生的意思，故排除。

66. Which of the following can best summarize the passage?

A) Supplements have benefits and risks.

B) Natural supplements are not always safe.

C) You should know what you are getting.

D) Natural supplements do not cure all.

下列哪一项最能概括本文内容？

A）补充物既有好处又有危险。

B）天然补充物并不总是安全的。

C）你应该知道你正在逐步获取的东西。

D）天然补充物不能治愈所有疾病。

►定位：根据题干中的summarize一词可知，本题需要考生综合全文内容来回答。

►解析：文章一直在强调补充物不一定会给人们带来好处，如果服用不当也会给健康带来危害。结合四个选项可知，只有B项全面地概括了本文内容。A项超出了文章的内容范围，文中几乎没有提到补充物的好处，故排除。C项意思过于模糊，没有提到补充物这一主题事物。D项侧重天然补充物的治疗效果，显然也不是本文主要讨论的内容，故排除。

Part V　Cloze

Embanet公司提供数百万资金以创建网络商务项目。该项目的开发者为大学制作网络课程。该公司甚至会支付给辅助教学的助教费用，在很少的情况下，助教也可能会被正式雇用。

作为回报，Embanet获得了美国东北大学商务学院院长所说的“相当大的一部分”学费收益份额。院长不会说出具体的数字。但Embanet的首席执行官称Embanet的收益份额增加到惊人的85％之多。

随着越来越多的大学涉足蓬勃发展的网络教育行业，它们越来越多地与像Embanet一样的公司携手谋求进步。由于非营利性大学正努力参与到被营利性大学作为积极猎取目标的网络教育的市场竞争中来，这种合作关系会迅速吸引大量生源并带来数百万美元的新收入。这对越来越杰出的客户具有不可抗拒的诱惑力。仅列举三例：乔治·华盛顿大学、波士顿大学和南加利福尼亚大学都在与网络服务公司合作。

但网络教育合作的新模式会践踏脆弱的学术领地，模糊大学和公司之间的界线。哈佛大学前校长兼一部有关大学商业化的书的作者德里克·C·博克对公司入侵教育的模式存在质疑。他担心对于盈亏的考虑会影响大学关于讲授课程的决策。它们可能会为了节约成本而选择诸如更容易评分的考试模式。

博克先生说：“你们正在制造一系列诱惑，它将导致学校的决策更注重利润的增加而不是教育质量的提高。”Embanet公司称它的大学合作方会继续享有学术上的控制权。尽管存在博克先生那样的顾虑，网络教育外包的做法似乎还有扩展的可能性。

第1段：简要介绍了Embanet公司投入资金创建网络教育项目的情况，引出文章话题。

第2～3段：Embanet公司获得了巨大的效益，越来越多的非营利性大学也参与到网络教育的市场中来。

第4段：大学与公司合办网络教育可能带来危害。

第5段：尽管专家对这一模式存在质疑，外包网络教育的做法可能扩展。

67. A

语境分析：本空位于第一段第二句。文章首句提到，Embanet公司提供数百万资金以创建网络商务项目。第二句承接上句，意为“该项目的开发者_____大学制作网络课程”。由此可知，此处是说“为”大学制作网络课程，四个选项中只有A项符合文意，故为答案。

词义分析：for“为，对于”；by“由；被”；through“通过”；on“在…之上”。

68. B

语境分析：本空位于第一段的第三句。第二句说该公司的开发者为大学制作网络课程；而第三句要表达的是该公司甚至会支付雇用员工费用。由空格后定语从句中的help teach（辅助教学）可知，此处应选assistants（助教），故B项正确。

词义分析：professors“教授”；assistants“助教；助理”；directors“董事；院长”；presidents“总统；校长；董事长”。

69. B

语境分析：本空位于第二段的第一句。第一段介绍了Embanet在网络课程方面所做的工作，该段则接着谈论公司这样做可以获得的利益，故此处应选B，in exchange表示“作为交换”。

词义分析：payment“付款”；exchange“交换”；reward“奖励；报酬”；award“奖品”。

70. D

语境分析：本空位于第二段第一句。第一段提到Embanet为大学制作网络课程，本段此句承接上段内容，叙述Embanet公司收到的回报是什么，由本空所在句的下一句中的to a whopping (巨大的) 85 percent可知，Embanet公司得到的回报应该不少，四个选项中只有D“相当大的”符合此语境，故为答案。

词义分析：small“小的”；minor“较小的，次要的”；moderate“适度的”；sizable“相当大的”。

71. D

语境分析：本空仍位于第二段的第三句。由上题的分析可知，此处想表达“Embanet公司的收益份额______到惊人的85％之多”。结合选项，只有D项符合题意。

词义分析：project“计划；投射”；aim“以……为目标”；add“添加；加起来”；swell“增加，增大”。

72. C

语境分析：本空位于第三段第一句。前面两段介绍了许多公司为大学制作网络课程，由此可知，本空所在分句大意应为：随着越来越多的大学涉足蓬勃发展的网络教育行业。四个选项中只有dip“浸；蘸”符合此处语境，构成惯用表达dip one's toes into（涉足），故答案为C。

词义分析：withdraw“收回；撤退”；throw“扔；投掷”；dip“浸入；蘸”；drop“落下”。

73. A

语境分析：本空位于第三段的第一句。该句的大意是“随着越来越多的大学涉足蓬勃发展的网络教育行业，它们越来越多地与像Embanet一样的公司______谋求进步”，结合选项，此处应选A，表示“联合，携手”。

词义分析：hand-in-hand“手拉手地；联合”，side-by-side“肩并肩地”，shoulder-to-shoulder“肩并肩地”，face-to-face“面对面地”。

词义分析：but“但是”，if“如果”，for“由于”，even though“即使”。

74. C

语境分析：本空位于第三段的第二句。由上题的分析可知，空格所在的分句想表达“非营利性大学正尝试参与到网络教育市场的竞争中来”，所以应选C。

词义分析：revolt“反抗”；exist“存在”；compete“竞争；参与……的比赛”；survive“幸存”。

75. D

语境分析：本空位于文章第三段的第二句。结合本段前面几道题的分析可知，本空所在的主句想表达的意思是“这种合作关系会迅速______大量生源并带来数百万美元的新收入”，四个选项中只有D符合题意，bring in表示“吸引；让……参与；赚得”。

词义分析：bring through“救活；使脱险”；bring back“恢复；回想起”；bring off“完成；成功”；bring in“吸引；让……参与；获得（利润等）”。

76. B

语境分析：本空位于第三段第三句。本段前两句提到，越来越多大学涉足网络教育行业，大学与开发网络课程的公司的联手并进给大学带来了大量生源和利润，由此可见，本空所在句应该是承接上文，讲述更多的著名学校难以抵制这种诱惑，也加入到网络教育行业中来，选项B。irresistible“无法抗拒的”符合此处语境，故为答案。

词义分析：irreversible“不可逆转的”；irresistible“无法抗拒的”；irregular“不规则的；无规律的”；irrelevant“不相干的，无关的”。

77. B

语境分析：本空位于第三段最后一句。本段主要阐述大学与制作网络课程的公司之间的合作进一步加强，由此可知，最后一句应该是说“仅列举三例：乔治·华盛顿大学、波士顿大学和南加利福尼亚大学都在与网络服务公司合作”，选项中只有B能够表示“挑选，选出”之意，故为答案。

词义分析：raise“举起；筹集”；pick“挑选，选出”；mark“标记，标明”；compare“比较”。

78. B

语境分析：本空位于第四段的第一句。快速浏览本段，可知本段讲述公司与大学合作办网络教育的危害。第一句是主题句，大意是“网络教育合作的新模式会践踏______的学术领地。”结合选项和句意，只有B符合。

词义分析：deliberate“故意的；小心翼翼的”；delicate“脆弱的”；delightful“高兴的”：delicious“美味的”。

79. D

语境分析：本句仍位于第四段的第一句。本空所在的非谓语分句仍是讲述合作进行网络教育的危害，大意是“会模糊大学与公司之间的______”，四项中只有D项意思符合。

词义分析：areas“领域”；limits“限制”；roads“道路”；lines“界线；边界”。

80. A

语境分析：本空位于第四段的第二句。由下一句中的He worried可知，德里克·博克对“公司入侵教育”的模式存在质疑，故本题选A。

词义分析：questions“质疑”；comments“评论”；blames“责备”；finds“寻找”。

81. A

语境分析：本空位于第四段的第三句。本句想表达的意思是“他担心对于盈亏的考虑会影响大学关于如何______课程的决定”，四个选项中能与“课程”搭配的词只有deliver（讲授；发表），故选A。bottom-line意为“着眼于盈亏的”。

词义分析：deliver“讲授；发表”；transfer“转移；调动”；demand“要求；需要”；defend“保护；辩解”。

82. A

语境分析：本空位于第四段的第四句。该句承接上句，继续指出德里克的担忧。本句想表达的意思是“它们（即学校）可能会为了节约成本而选择______评分的考试模式”，既然是要节约成本，自然要选择容易评分的考试模式才行，故选A。

词义分析：easier“更容易的”，harder“更难的”，better“更好的”，tougher“更艰苦的”。

83. B

语境分析：本空位于第五段首句。上一段提到网络教育合作的新模式会践踏脆弱的学术领地，模糊大学和公司之间的界线，哈佛的一位前校长担心对盈亏的考虑会影响大学关于讲授课程的决策。本段首句承接上段内容，继续阐述这种新模式带来的负面影响，再结合四个选项可判定，此处应该指“你们正在制造一系列诱惑，它将导致学校的决策更注重利润的增长而不是……”，正确选项为B。

词义分析：limitations“限制”；temptations“诱惑”；definitions“释义；定义”；qualifications“资格，资历”。

84. C

语境分析：本空位于第五段的第一句。该句仍是德里克的观点。上文一直在说利润的驱动会导致网络教育忽视教学，这一句承接上文，指出网络教育合作模式会导致学校的决策更注重increase profits，而不是______ education，结合句意和选项可知，此处应填improve，表示“提高教育（质量）”。

词义分析：assist“协助”；increase“增加”；improve“提高”；advocate“倡议”。

85. D

语境分析：本空位于第五段的第二句。该句是网络教育的发起者Embanet公司的回应，它指出“它的合作方（即学校）会______学术上的控制权”，结合句意和选项可知，只有retain（保留）意思符合，故选D。

词义分析：restrain“限制”；detain“滞留”；contain“包含；控制”；retain“保留；继续拥有”。

86. B

语境分析：本空位于第五段的第三句。该句的意思是“尽管存在博克先生那样的顾虑，网络教育外包的做法似乎还有______的可能性”，结合前文内容及本句中的despite所表达的让步关系可知，此处应指网络教育外包还有“扩展”的可能性，故此处应选B。

词义分析：export“出口”；expand“扩展；扩大”；shrink“收缩”；weaken“削弱”。

Part VI　Translation

87. difficult / hard for him to keep up with his fellow students / classmates

【考查点】短语：keep up with sb.

句型：it is difficult / hard for sb. to do sth.

【随学随练】College English is much more difficult, so if you don't work hard, you will soon find it is ___________________________________________ (你很难跟上其他人).

88. did the mobile phone I just bought cost me too much

【考查点】句型：not only位于句首句子部分倒装；定语从句

【随学随练】Not only ____________________________________________ (史密斯学习了他所不熟悉的汉语) but also he bridged the gap between his culture and ours.

89. get used to working nonstop for a couple of hours

【考查点】词汇：nonstop

短语：get used to (doing) sth., a couple of

【随学随练】In order to obtain statistics needed, they will have to __________________________________ (习惯于连续做实验好几个小时).

90. should fail to work without power

【考查点】短语：fail to do sth.

句型：lest引导目的状语从句用虚拟语气

【随学随练】You will have to work harder on physics this semester, lest you __________________________________ (通不过期末考试).

91. closely related to environmental degradation

【考查点】词汇：degradation

短语：be related to sth.

【随学随练】The consequences of desertification and drought are ______________________________ (与土地退化和贫穷密切相关).

大学英语四级考试

模拟试题二

COLLEGE ENGLISH TEST

— Band Four —

试　题　册

注意事项

一、将自己的校名、姓名、准考证号写在答题卡1和答题卡2上。将本试卷代号划在答题卡2上。

二、试卷册、答题卡1和答题卡2均不得带出考场。考试结束，监考员收卷后考生才可离开。

三、仔细读懂题目的说明。

四、在30分钟内做完答题卡1上的作文题。30分钟后，考生按指令启封试题册，在接着的15分钟内完成快速阅读理解部分的试题。然后监考员收取答题卡1，考生在答题卡2上完成其余部分的试题。全部答题时间为125分钟，不得拖延时间。

五、考生必须在答题卡上作答，凡是写在试题册上的答案一律无效。

六、多项选择题每题只能选一个答案；如多选，则该题无分。选定答案后，用HB-2B浓度的铅笔在相应字母的中部划一条横线。

正确方法是：［A］［C］［D］。

使用其他符号答题者不给分。划线要有一定的粗度，浓度要盖过字母底色。

七、如果要改动答案，必须先用橡皮擦净原来选定的答案，然后再按规定重新答题。

八、在考试过程中要注意对自己的答案保密。若被他人抄袭，一经发现，后果自负。

Part I　Writing　(30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Low Carbon Life following the outline given below in Chinese. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words:

1．现在流行低碳生活；

2．为什么要倡导低碳生活；

3．如何做到低碳生活。

Low Carbon Life

Part II　Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)　(15 minutes)

Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.

The Truth about Cars and Cell Phones

We find it terrifying every time we get on the highway and see all of those multitasking drivers racing along while they talk and text on cell phones. So it is especially distressing to learn that in 2003, officials at the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration rejected a proposal for a large-scale study of cell phone risks and withheld hundreds of pages of research that warned about the dangers of cell phone use while driving.

That information—including estimates that cell phoning drivers caused 955 fatalities and 240,000 accidents in 2002—was finally pried loose this week by a freedom of information lawsuit.

Six years later, the Transportation Department advises drivers to avoid cell phones except in emergencies. But far too many Americans now consider phoning while driving to be standard behavior.

Extensive research shows the dangers of distracted driving. Studies say that drivers using phones are four times as likely to cause a crash as other drivers, and the likelihood that they will crash is equal to that of someone with a 0.08 percent blood alcohol level, the point at which drivers are generally considered intoxicated (喝醉的).

A 2003 Harvard study estimated that cell phone distractions caused 2,600 traffic deaths every year, and 330,000 accidents that result in moderate or severe injuries.

Yet Americans have largely ignored that research. Instead, they increasingly use phones, navigation devices and even laptops to turn their cars into mobile offices, chat rooms and entertainment centers, making roads more dangerous.

A disconnect between perception and reality worsens the problem. New studies show that drivers overestimate their own ability to safely multitask, even as they worry about the dangers of others doing it.

Device makers and auto companies acknowledge the risks of multitasking behind the wheel, but they aggressively develop and market devices that cause distractions.

Police in almost half of all states make no attempt to gather data on the problem. They are not required to ask drivers who cause accidents whether they were distracted by a phone or other device. Even when officers do ask, some drivers are not forthcoming.

The federal government warns against talking on a cell phone while driving, but no state legislature has banned it. This year, state legislators introduced about 170 bills to address distracted driving, but passed fewer than 10.

Five states and the District of Columbia require drivers who talk on cell phones to use hands-free devices, but research shows that using headsets can be as dangerous as holding a phone because the conversation distracts drivers from focusing on the road.

Fourteen states have passed measures to ban texting while driving, and the New York State Assembly sent such a bill to the governor on Friday.

Scientists who study distracted driving say they understand the frustrations of colleagues who publicized the dangers of tobacco. Like cigarettes, they say, using cell phones are considered cool but can be deadly. And the big device companies even offer warnings that remind them of labels on cigarette packs.

Verizon Wireless, for instance, posts instructions on its Web sites not to talk while driving—with or without a headset. But neither Verizon nor any other cell phone company supports legislation that bans drivers from talking on the phone. And the wireless industry does not conduct research on the dangers, saying that is not its responsibility.

Some researchers say that sufficient evidence exists to justify laws outlawing cell phone use for drivers—and they suggest using technology to enforce them by disabling a driver's phone.

Over all, cell phone use has soared. From 1995 to 2008, the number of wireless subscribers in the United States increased eightfold, to 270 million, and minutes talked rose 58-fold.

Last year, the federal agency dealing with road safety, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, published a study, based on researchers' observations of drivers, suggesting that at any time during daylight hours in 2007, 11 percent—or 1.8 million drivers—were using a cell phone.

And in a survey of 1,506 people last year by Nationwide Mutual Insurance, 81 percent of cell phone owners acknowledged that they talk on phones while driving, and 98 percent considered themselves safe drivers. But 45 percent said they had been hit or nearly hit by a driver talking on a phone.

"When we ask people to identify the most dangerous distraction on the highway today, about half identify cell phones," said Bill Windsor, associate vice president for safety at Nationwide. "But they think others are dangerous, not themselves."

"We've spent billions on air bags, antilock brakes, better steering, safer cars and roads, but the number of fatalities has remained constant," said David Strayer, a psychology professor at the University of Utah and a leading researcher in the field of distracted driving.

"Our return on investment for those billions is zero," he added. "And that's because we're using devices in our cars."

Scientists note that there are limits to how much the brain can multitask. The brain has trouble assessing separate streams of information—even if one is visual and the other aural, said Steve Yantis, professor of psychological and brain sciences at Johns Hopkins University.

Further, he said, when people talk on the phone, they are doing more than simply listening. The words conjure images in the mind's eye, including images of the person they are talking to. That typically doesn't interfere with driving. The problem starts when a car swerves unexpectedly or a pedestrian steps into traffic, he said, and the mind lacks the processing power to react in time.

"There is zero doubt that one's driving ability is impaired when one is trying to have a cell phone conversation—whether hands-free or hand-held, it doesn't matter," said David E. Meyer, professor of psychology at the University of Michigan.

In fact, some scientists argue that hands-free laws make driving riskier by effectively excusing the practice. As early as July 2003, researchers at the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration reached that conclusion based on what they referred to, in a proposed draft of a cell phone policy for the agency, as "a significant body of research worldwide."

The draft policy said: "We are convinced that legislation forbidding the use of handheld cell phones while driving will not be effective since it will not address the problem. In fact, such legislation may mistakenly imply that hands-free phones are safe to use while driving."

The agency's current advice is that people should not use cell phones while driving and that hands-free devices do not eliminate the risks of distracted driving.

Scientists are trying to understand, too, with perhaps the broadest question hanging over the phenomenon of distracted driving: Why do people, knowing the risk, continue to talk while driving? The answer, they say, is partly the intense social pressures to stay in touch and always be available to friends and colleagues. And there also is the neurological response of multitaskers. They show signs of addiction to their devices.

1. What did officials do with the 2003 proposal for an intensive study of cell phone risks?

A) Passing it.

B) Delaying it.

C) Refusing it.

D) Ignoring it.

2. Compared with drunk driving, distracted driving is ______.

A) much less dangerous

B) more dangerous

C) just as dangerous

D) danger-free

3. What's device makers' attitude toward distracted driving?

A) They acknowledge the risks of distracted driving.

B) They develop and market devices that are less dangerous.

C) They support legislation that bans drivers from talking on the phone.

D) They deny the fact that distracted driving leads to danger.

4. Which of the following is true about the legislation to ban multitasking driving?

A) The federal government has made a legislation to ban multitasking driving.

B) No state has made a legislation to ban multitasking driving.

C) Five states and the District of Columbia have made legislations to ban multitasking driving.

D) Fourteen states have made legislations to ban multitasking driving.

5. How is the study of distracted driving related to the study of tobacco?

A) In both studies it's difficult to convince people of the dangerous consequences.

B) Both studies are supported by the government and relative companies.

C) Both studies warn people against potential dangers, which are acknowledged but ignored.

D) Both studies reveal something astonishing.

6. Some researchers suggest enforcing the ban on drivers' using cell phones while driving by ______.

A) installing hidden cameras to monitor drivers

B) instructing drivers to abide by the law

C) using technology to disable drivers' phone

D) imposing heavy fines on the accused drivers

7. Professor Steve Yantis believes that it is hard for our brains to _______.

A) tell visual information from aural information

B) evaluate the significance of multitasking

C) realize the importance of concentration

D) assess separate streams of information

8. A driver who talks on the phone while driving may leave his mind lacking the ____________ to react in time when something unexpected happens.

9. Legislation forbidding the use of handheld cell phones while driving will not be effective since it implies that ____________ are as safe to use while driving.

10. Although people know the risk of distracted driving, they keep on doing so partially because they feel the ____________ to stay connected with others.

Part III　Listening Comprehension　(35 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

11. A) The company the man applies for is big and famous.

B) The company made a deep impression on the man.

C) The woman wants to know what the man is interested in.

D) The company the man applies for is small.

12. A) She doesn't like history course.

B) She doesn't like reading books.

C) She has too many books to read.

D) She can't get the books she needs.

13. A) He agrees to discuss the agenda after dinner.

B) He suggests a different time to discuss the agenda.

C) He doesn't care about the agenda.

D) He doesn't like working after dinner.

14. A) Bill was late for the exam.

B) Bill was always late for class.

C) Bill was sick for a long time.

D) Bill did not finish the test paper.

15. A) She doesn't like hot weather.

B) She doesn't like the man's roommates.

C) She has to ask her roommates for advice.

D) She hates going out and prefers to stay at home.

16. A) Pick her son from school.

B) Meet the man in his office.

C) Work on a report.

D) Prepare dinner for her son.

17. A) They are colleagues.

B) They are classmates.

C) They are teacher and student.

D) They are employer and employee.

18. A) The woman didn't finish her paper on time.

B) The woman has to revise her paper.

C) The woman doesn't get along well with her tutor.

D) The woman asked the man to help her.

Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

19. A) She is hard-working.

B) She has to catch an early bus.

C) She is busy in the morning.

D) She gets up late in the morning.

20. A) It's better than evening exercise.

B) It helps him work more efficiently.

C) Young people do not need to take exercise.

D) Morning exercise is generally informative.

21. A) He has to go to parties in the evening.

B) He has to prepare dinner for the family.

C) The air is not fresh in the evening.

D) He can't afford the time.

22. A) Go home.

B) Go to his office.

C) Go to the bus stop.

D) Send his son to school.

Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

23. A) To make a business report to the woman.

B) To be interviewed for a job in the woman's company.

C) To sell some handiwork to the woman.

D) To inquire about the result of an interview.

24. A) Administration.

B) Literature.

C) Commerce.

D) Journalism.

25. A) The woman thinks Mr. Ford lacks experience.

B) Mr. Ford will work in foreign countries.

C) Mr. Ford seems to meet every requirement for the job.

D) The woman alone will decide whether to hire Mr. Ford.

Section B

Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.

26. A) Broccoli.

B) Ice cream.

C) A turkey sandwich.

D) A glass of milk.

27. A) Real food is fuel for body's needs.

B) Real food is high in fat and sugar.

C) Real food is primarily for taste satisfaction.

D) Real food is delicious.

28. A) We should store food in refrigerator.

B) We should choose food that looks good.

C) We should distinguish between real food and pleasure food.

D) We should remove pleasure foods from our kitchen.

Passage Two

Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.

29. A) Housewives.

B) Restaurant manager.

C) Guests of dinner party.

D) Hosts of dinner party.

30. A) You may find yourself less stressed.

B) You won't get up so early on the party day.

C) You will have little time to enjoy the party.

D) Your guests will be much happier.

31. A) Inform your guests of the date and the time beforehand.

B) List the ingredients and drinks for the party and buy them.

C) Practice cooking according to menu.

D) Prepare some proper music for the party.

Passage Three

Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.

32. A) Surprised.

B) Angry.

C) Frightened.

D) Worried.

33. A) Anger.

B) Surprise.

C) Dislike.

D) Fear.

34. A) Women are better than men at recognizing facial expressions.

B) Adults are better than children at recognizing facial expressions.

C) Older people are better than younger people at recognizing facial expressions.

D) Americans are better than Chinese at recognizing facial expressions.

35. A) Words and Feelings.

B) Words, Gestures and Feelings.

C) Gestures and Feelings.

D) Culture and Understanding.

Section C

Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times, when the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.

To say that the child learns by imitation and that the way to teach is to set a good example oversimplifies. No child imitates every action he sees. Sometimes, the example the parent wants him to follow is (36) __________ while he takes over (37) __________ patterns from some other example. Therefore we must turn to a more (38) __________ theory than "monkey see, monkey do".

Look at it from the child's point of view. Here he is in a new situation, lacking a (39) __________ response. He is (40) __________ a response which will gain certain ends. If he lacks a ready response for the situation, and can not reason out what to do, he (41) __________ a model who seems to get the right result. The child looks for an (42) __________ or expert who can show what to do.

There is a second (43) __________ at work in this situation. (44) _________________________________________________________________. When shouting across the house achieves his immediate end of delivering a message, he is told emphatically that such a racket is unpleasant, that he should walk into the next room and say his say quietly. (45) __________________________________________________________. One of the early things the child learns is that he gets more affection and approval when his parents like this response. Then other adults reward some actions and criticize others. (46) __________________________________________________________________________________________.

Part IV　Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)　(25 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the banks more than once.

Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.

Humans use water for three basic purposes: agriculture, industry, and domestic and municipal use (water for drinking, cooking, cleaning, and so forth). And the amount of water 　 47　 to each person decreases as the population grows, 　48　 the possibility of water shortages. Water shortages will not come all at once in every part of the world, just as the world's population is 　49　 distributed by region, so is the annual 　50　 of renewable water. Rainfall and snowfall are 　51　 by uneven weather patterns and landscape, and as a result, some areas of the world get more precipitation than others. This leads the uneven 　52　 of water all over the world.

Natural water scarcity has prompted many nations to try to increase their water supplies by building dams to catch water that otherwise would escape to the sea, or by sinking more and deeper wells. But these efforts can have 　53　 side effects that can contribute to water scarcity. Instead of building dams, some countries choose to increase their 　54　 to groundwater. But this practice increases the risk of overpumping aquifers (蓄水层).

Pollution also affects the water supply, reducing the available water by making it toxic or otherwise 　55　 for human use.

Water shortages could also lead to international conflicts as countries 　56　 for limited water resources. Political tensions over water often appear when different nations lay claim to the same river, lake, or aquifer. According to the UN, more than 300 river basins and aquifers worldwide cross national boundaries are creating the potential for conflicts.

A) access

B) positively

C) deliberately

D) compete

E) negative

F) distribution

G) available

H) determined

I) unevenly

J) unfit

K) starved

L) raising

M) approach

N) arising

O) supply

Section B

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.

Kidnapping is the cruelest crime of the 20th century. There is not the political passion behind most hijacking; the motive is greed for money. The victims, provided their families are rich enough, are chosen at random. With the constant exposure by the media of personal fame and fortune, most people are vulnerable than ever.

The most notorious kidnapping began on the evening of March 1, 1932, when someone placed a home-made ladder against the New Jersey home of Colonel Charles Lindbergh and stole his blond, blue-eyed baby son. A ransom (赎金) note was left from the kidnapper. Lindbergh, the first pilot to fly solo across the Atlantic, was the most popular man in America.

When the boy was found a few miles away with his head crushed in, the whole nation was shocked and Congress passed the "Lindbergh Kidnap Law", with the death penalty for transporting a kidnap victim across a state line. The kidnapper, Bruno Richard Hauptmann, was caught two-and-a-half years later, when he exchanged some of the ransom money. He was executed in 1936.

Kidnapping is an example of inflation: Hauptmann demanded $50,000; in 1973 the Getty family had to pay 1,300,000 pounds and the ransom delivery in two billion Italian lire weighed a ton. In this kidnapping, things went dreadfully wrong. When the kidnappers cut off Getty's right ear and sent it to a newspaper, they forgot the postal strike which delayed this proof by three weeks. In the case of Muriel McKay, the kidnappers picked the wrong woman. The Hosein brothers had developed their plan when they saw Rupert Murdoch on a TV show in 1969 and heard him described as a millionaire, a word which stimulated their action. Yet, in tracing Murdoch's Rolls-Royce, they failed to realize that he had left for Australia with his wife and had loaned the car to Douglas McKay, a chairman of one of his enterprises. Attacking the wrong home, the Hoseins kidnapped Mrs. McKay by mistake, but still demanded their million pounds.

The end result of kidnapping is never clean: Lindbergh never psychologically recovered. Young Paul Getty jokes: "It was a high-priced ear!" But the scars must be internal, too. The saddest comment came from Douglas McKay after the trial of the Hoseins: "They have got a life sentence. I, too, have a life sentence wondering just what has happened to my dear wife."

57. "Most people are vulnerable than ever" because ______.

A) there are more greedy people in the world than ever before

B) there are more rich people in the world than ever before

C) political hijackings have become more and more common

D) it is difficult nowadays to be rich in secret

58. What do we learn about the Lindbergh case?

A) Lindbergh was the first pilot to fly solo across the Pacific.

B) Lindbergh placed a home-made ladder against his house.

C) The kidnapper killed Lindbergh's son cold-bloodedly.

D) The kidnapper was arrested and executed 4 years later.

59. What does the writer mean by saying "Kidnapping is an example of inflation" (Line 1, Para. 4)?

A) There are more and more kidnapping cases.

B) Kidnappers demand for more and more ransom.

C) Kidnappers make more and more mistakes.

D) Kidnappers are not paid as much as they require.

60. When the Hosein brothers kidnapped Muriel McKay ______.

A) they thought that they were kidnapping Mrs. Murdoch

B) they did not know that Mrs. Murdoch was an Australian

C) they did not know that Mrs. McKay had gone to Australia

D) they were paid a million pounds, but still killed the victim

61. The writer suggests that the kidnapping victims and their relatives ______.

A) should consider themselves lucky to be alive

B) are usually left with no money at all

C) usually never recover completely

D) live in fear for the rest of their lives

Passage Two

Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.

As parents, we want our children to reach their full academic potential. We read to them, encourage their special talents, and support them when they have problems. If they choose to participate in music or sports, we also help them reach their potential in those areas. These are all good goals.

There is, however, an even more important goal. It is a goal more difficult than excellence in arithmetic or soccer or the violin. Parents are responsible for providing their children with a moral compass. They need to nurture and treasure goodness in their children. Every child has the capacity to become a good, decent human being. To fulfill this capacity, children need the guidance and support of parents and other adults. Raising good, moral children is the most important job we will have.

What is a good, decent human being? While we may differ on some details, most would agree that respect for others, kindness and caring, honesty and honor, and a reverence (尊重) for life are key. Good, decent human beings are people with a firm sense of direction and purpose—a moral compass—to guide their lives. Children need our help to develop these characteristics and values.

While most people try to act with honor and kindness, doing so consistently is difficult and requires lifelong effort. Goodness is not easy for an adult, and it is even more difficult for a child. They do not have the knowledge, experiences, or cognitive skills to understand the impact and consequences of their actions.

Reinforcement is sometimes an efficient approach to building positive behavior. The child behaves in a desired way and the parents provide reinforcement. The behavior then typically increases in frequency. This approach works for teaching "Please" and "Thank you". The new behavior is maintained, because it helps the child get along in the world.

Loving, everyday interactions are the beginning of raising moral children. The child who falls and receives adult concern learns how to treat others kindly when they stumble (绊倒). The child who makes a mistake and is encouraged to try again learns how to support others. When parents intercede (调解) graciously for their child, the child can see the basis for friendship. When we treat children with respect and care, we provide a positive model of how to behave. These early experiences establish patterns for their treatment of others.

62. Children will become good, decent human beings if adults ______.

A) encourage their children to learn more about sports or music

B) help their children to develop their special talents

C) support their children when they have problems

D) reinforce positive behavior through everyday interactions

63. Why is it difficult for a child to act with honor and kindness?

A) Because it is difficult for adults to do so.

B) Because a child is not mature enough to do so.

C) Because a child does not understand the abstract concept of "goodness".

D) Because a child does not have a model to follow.

64. Why does the author talk about teaching "Please" and "Thank you"?

A) To demonstrate that saying "Please" and "Thank you" is a good habit.

B) To demonstrate that politeness is the nature of a moral compass.

C) To demonstrate that politeness helps the child get along in the world.

D) To demonstrate that reinforcement is an efficient approach to building positive behavior.

65. What conclusion can we draw from the passage?

A) Every child without exception will become a good, decent human being.

B) There's a universally accepted criteria for "a good, decent human being".

C) The more reinforcement, the more the child behaves in a positive way.

D) The child with a single parent will not become a good, decent human being.

66. What is the purpose of the last paragraph?

A) To emphasize the importance of adults' concern when a child fails.

B) To show how to guide children to develop friendship.

C) To explain why adults should treat children with respect and care.

D) To show how love and everyday interactions work in molding a moral child.

Part V　Cloze　(15 minutes)

Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Part Ⅵ　Translation　(5 minutes)

Direction小男孩在几英里以外的地方被发: Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets. Please write your translation on Answer Sheet 2.

87. Many enterprises sacrifice environmental quality ____________________________________________ (在追求利润时).

88. I came to New York to see him, _____________________________________________________ (结果发现他两天前出国了).

89. At no time ______________________________________________________________________ (应该剥夺孩子受教育的权利).

90. It is our consistent policy ___________________________________________________________ (增进与第三世界国家的友谊).

91. Were there no gravity, _____________________________________________________________ (苹果不会掉到地上).

大学英语四级考试模拟试题二详解

Part I Writing

Low Carbon Life

Presently, a new lifestyle called low carbon life is spreading every corner of the world.① People believe that if they consume less resource, the living conditions will be better.

The appearance of this trend is mainly due to the worsening environment on the earth.② Human beings are exhausting the energy resources and emitting greenhouse gases, which changed the earth's climate and led to a series of serious consequences. Therefore, it's everyone's responsibility to live a low carbon life to protect our earth.③

How do we realize it?④ In the first place, the government should advocate a no-car day every week, because cars not only waste energy but also cause serious air pollution. Citizens should be encouraged to take public transportation, or just ride a bike or walk. Besides, people had better not use disposable plastic bags but use bags which can be reused again and again. Moreover, we should try every means to save energy in our daily life. We ought to switch off the lights the moment we leave a room, turn off the tap in time, and reuse our textbooks and so on.⑤

①．presently放在句首指明时间，点出现在流行低碳生活这样一种现状。

②．段首句紧扣提纲，点出流行低碳生活的原因。

③．段尾句做出小结，与段首句前后呼应。

④．以问句的形式开头，增强了语气，同时体现了语言的多样性。

⑤．用in the first place、besides以及moreover从三个方面讲了政府以及个人应该做出的努力。

低碳生活

当今，一种叫做低碳生活的全新生活方式在全世界非常流行。人们相信如果消耗的资源少一些，生活环境就会好一些。

这种趋势的出现主要是由于地球环境趋于恶化。人类消耗能源，排放温室气体，而这些行为改变了地球气候并导致了一系列严重的后果。因此，每个人都有责任过低碳生活以保护我们的地球。

如何做到低碳生活呢？首先，政府应提倡每周一天无轿车日，因为汽车不仅浪费能源而且会造成严重的空气污染。同时，应鼓励市民乘坐公共交通工具，或者骑自行车、步行。另外，人们最好不要使用一次性塑料袋，而应该使用可重复利用的袋子。再者，我们应该在日常生活中尽最大的努力节约能源：在离开房间时关灯，及时关水龙头，重复利用课本等。

要点用法

presently 现在，目前

consequence 结果，后果

consume 消耗

advocate 提倡；拥护

due to 由于

disposable 一次性的

emit 排放

try every means 千方百计；想尽一切办法

a series of 一系列的

句法点评

1. People believe that if they consume less resource, the living conditions will be better.

该句是对前一句的解释说明，其中that引导的从句作believe的宾语。

2. Human beings are exhausting the energy resources and emitting greenhouse gases, which changed the earth's climate and led to a series of serious consequences.

主句用现在进行时讲出人们消耗资源、污染空气的现状，接着用非限制性定语从句解释说明，并指出这些行为所带来的后果。

3. In the first place, the government should advocate a no-car day every week, because cars not only waste energy but also cause serious air pollution.

第一层面建议：主句用should do sth.给出建议，从句用not only...but also...解释两点原因。

4. Besides, people had better not use disposable plastic bags but use bags which can be reused again and again.

第二层面的建议：用had better not do...but do...句型具体说明建议，其中含有which引导的限制性定语从句。

5. Moreover, we should try every means to save energy in our daily life. We ought to switch off the lights the moment we leave a room, turn off the tap in time, and reuse our textbooks and so on.

用moreover引出第三层面的建议，接着具体举出了三个日常生活中常见的例子来加以说明。

Part II　Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)

关于汽车和手机的真相

每次在公路上，看到那些一心多用的驾驶者边开车边打电话或发短信时，我们就会觉得心惊胆战。［1］因此，当得知美国国家公路交通安全管理局的官员在2003年拒绝了一项针对手机风险进行大规模调查的提议，并扣留了一份针对驾驶时使用手机所存在的危险提出警告的长达数百页的研究报告时，我们感到特别沮丧。

上述资料——包括2002年因为驾驶者使用手机而造成大约955人死亡、24万起交通事故的估算数据——也终于因一宗信息自由诉讼案而在本周开始浮出水面。

六年后，美国交通部建议汽车驾驶者除了紧急情况之外不要使用手机。但是目前，有太多的美国人都普遍认为开车时使用手机是很正常的行为。

大量研究揭示了驾驶时心有旁骛的危险。研究称，［2］使用手机的驾驶者发生撞车的可能性是其他驾驶者的四倍，而且发生撞车的几率跟血液中酒精含量达到0.08％的驾驶者一样高，而血液中酒精含量达到0.08％时通常被认为已经喝醉。

美国哈佛大学2003年的一项研究估计，每年由于手机对注意力的干扰而造成的交通事故死亡人数有2600人，造成中度或严重伤害的交通意外达到33万起。

然而，美国人大多对这项研究视而不见。相反，越来越多的人使用电话、导航设备，甚至是笔记本电脑，把他们的汽车当成了移动办公室、聊天室和娱乐中心，从而使道路变得更加危险。

自我感觉与现实情况的脱节使得这个问题更加严重。新的研究结果表明，汽车驾驶者往往会高估自己的能力，认为自己可以在一心多用的同时保证安全，甚至当他们觉得别人这样做很危险的时候，他们对自己还是不以为然。

［3］设备制造商和汽车公司都承认开车时一心多用存在风险，但同时他们又积极开发和推广会引起分心的设备。

在美国近一半州内的警察都没有去收集与此问题相关的数据。没有人要求他们去询问引发车祸的驾驶者是否是因为手机或其他设备而引起了分心。即使警察询问，有些驾驶者也不愿意回答。

［4］联邦政府警告（驾驶者）不要在开车时打电话，但是没有任何州的立法机关对此明令禁止。今年，各州立法者提出了约170个针对分心驾驶的法案，但是通过的却不到10个。

有5个州和哥伦比亚特区要求驾驶者打电话时使用免提设备，但研究表明，使用耳机可能和使用手持手机同样危险，因为谈话会分散驾驶者对路面状况的注意力。

有14个州已经通过了禁止开车时发短信的举措，纽约州议会在周五也将类似法案提交给了州长。

［5］研究分心驾驶的科学家说，他们非常理解宣传烟草危害性的同事们的挫败感。他们说，使用手机就像吸烟一样，尽管被认为很酷，但后果却可能是致命的。一些大的设备公司甚至发出一些（相关）警告，这让人们想起香烟包装上的标签。

例如，美国的电信运营商弗莱森无线公司在其网站发布操作指南，告诉人们开车时无论是否使用耳机都不要打电话。但无论是弗莱森公司还是其他任何一家移动电话公司都不支持立法禁止开车时打电话。无线电行业也没有对其危险性进行调查研究，声称这不在他们的职责范围之内。

一些研究人员称，已经有足够的证据证明应该立法禁止驾驶者使用手机——［6］他们建议可以利用使驾驶者的手机失灵的技术来促使该法律得到贯彻。

总的说来，手机的使用率急剧增加。1995～2008年间，美国的无线电用户总量增长了8倍，达到2.7亿人，总通话时长也增加了58倍。

去年，负责道路安全问题的联邦机构——美国国家公路交通安全管理局——基于研究人员对驾驶者的观察公布了一项研究，该研究结果表明在2007年白天的任何时段，有11％即180万名驾驶者在开车时使用手机。

全美互助保险公司于去年发起的一项由1506人参与的调查显示，81％的手机用户承认他们会在开车时打电话，98％的被调查者认为自己是安全驾驶者。但有45％的被调查者表示他们曾经或差点被正在打电话的驾驶者撞到。

“当我们让大家指出目前在公路上行驶时最危险的分心物时，大约一半的人说是手机，”全美互助保险公司负责安全事务的助理副总裁比尔·温莎说，“但他们都认为其他人使用手机会很危险，而自己则不会。”

“我们在安全气囊、防抱死刹车系统、更好的驾驶装置以及更安全的汽车和道路上投资了几十亿美元，但事故伤亡人数却始终没有降低，”美国犹他大学心理学教授、分心驾驶领域的杰出研究者戴维·斯特雷耶指出。

“我们数十亿美元的投资回报率为零，”他补充说，“原因就在于我们开车时在使用各种设备。”

科学家们指出，大脑同时做多个任务的能力有限。约翰·霍普金斯大学的心理和大脑科学教授史蒂夫·扬蒂斯表示，［7］大脑不善于对不同信息流做出判断——即使一个来自视觉，另一个来自听觉。

此外，他说，人们打电话时，不单单只是在听而已。那些话语会在脑海中以画面的形式出现，对方的模样也会浮现。通常，那不会干扰驾驶。［8］但是他说，当汽车突然转弯或有行人进入车道时，问题就出现了，此时的大脑缺乏及时做出反应的处理能力。

“毫无疑问，当一个人试图用手机通话时——无论是用免提还是手持，他/她的驾驶能力都会降低，通话方式并不重要，”密歇根大学的心理学教授戴维·E·迈耶说。

事实上，一些科学家认为，禁止手持手机接听电话的法律规定反而会使驾驶的风险更高，因为它实际上成为了人们使用免提式手机的理由。早在2003年7月，美国国家公路交通安全管理局的研究人员就得出了该结论，这个结论是以他们在该局的一份关于手机政策的草案中所提到的“一个全球性的重要的研究机构”的观点为基础的。

该草案政策称：“我们相信，用立法的方式禁止开车时使用手持手机不会有效，因为它无法解决这个问题。［9］事实上，这样的立法可能会错误地暗示，在开车时使用免提电话就是安全的。”

该机构目前的建议是，人们在开车时不应该使用手机，免提类设备不会避免分心驾驶所带来的风险。

科学家们也在尽力了解与分心驾驶现象有关的、可以说是最为宽泛的问题：［10］为什么人们明知开车时打电话有风险还继续这样做呢？科学家们说，部分原因在于人们需要保持联系并让朋友和同事随时找到自己的巨大的社会压力。另一部分原因则在于一心多用者的神经系统反应，他们对这些设备有上瘾的迹象。

1. What did officials do with the 2003 proposal for an intensive study of cell phone risks?

A) Passing it.

B) Delaying it.

C) Refusing it.

D) Ignoring it.

关于2003年那份深入调查手机风险的提议，官员们是如何处理的？

A）通过了该提议。

B）延迟了该提议。

C）拒绝了该提议。

D）忽略了该提议。

►线索词：officials，2003 proposal，intensive study of cell phone risks

►定位处：第一段

►解析：题干问的是官员们对于2003年的那份关于深入调查手机风险的提议的处置结果，根据题干关键词很容易将答题信息锁定在首段第二句。该句提到，美国国家公路交通安全管理局的官员在2003年拒绝了（rejected）一项针对手机风险进行大规模调查的提议，故可知本题答案应为C选项。题干中intensive study与原文中large-scale study属于同义替换，正确选项中的refusing与原文中的rejected同义。

2. Compared with drunk driving, distracted driving is ______.

A) much less dangerous

B) more dangerous

C) just as dangerous

D) danger-free

与酒后驾驶相比，分心驾驶______。

A）危险性非常小

B）危险性更大

C）危险性相同

D）无任何危险性

►线索词：drunk driving，distracted driving

►定位处：第四段。

►解析：题干问的是酒后驾驶和分心驾驶哪个更危险。第四段提到，使用手机的驾驶者发生撞车的几率跟血液中酒精含量达到0.08％的驾驶者一样高，而血液中酒精含量达到0.08％时通常被认为已经喝醉。由此可知，分心驾驶和酒后驾驶的危险性一样高，故正确答案为C。

3. What's device makers' attitude toward distracted driving?

A) They acknowledge the risks of distracted driving.

B) They develop and market devices that are less dangerous.

C) They support legislation that bans drivers from talking on the phone.

D) They deny the fact that distracted driving leads to danger.

设备制造商对分心驾驶的态度是什么？

A）他们承认分心驾驶的危险性。

B）他们开发和推广危险性更小的设备。

C）他们支持禁止驾驶者开车时打电话的法律。

D）他们否认分心驾驶导致危险的事实。

►线索词：device makers，attitude，distracted driving

►定位处：第八段。

►解析：本题问设备制造商对待分心驾驶的态度。第八段提到，设备制造商和汽车公司都承认开车时一心多用存在风险，但同时他们又积极开发和推广会引起分心的电子设备。四项中只有A项符合这一意思，故为正确答案。B项与此意思矛盾，可排除。C项文中并未提及。D项中“他们开发可以使驾驶者手机失灵的技术”是一些科学家的提议，并非设备制造商的态度，故排除。

4. Which of the following is true about the legislation to ban multitasking driving?

A) The federal government has made a legislation to ban multitasking driving.

B) No state has made a legislation to ban multitasking driving.

C) Five states and the District of Columbia have made legislations to ban multitasking driving.

D) Fourteen states have made legislations to ban multitasking driving.

下列关于禁止开车时一心多用的法律的说法，哪一项是正确的？

A）联邦政府已经制定了一项禁止开车时一心多用的法律。

B）还没有任何一个州制定禁止开车时一心多用的法律。

C）5个州和哥伦比亚特区已经制定了禁止开车时一心多用的法律。

D）14个州已经制定了禁止开车时一心多用的法律。

►线索词：legislation，ban multitasking driving

►定位处：第十段。

►解析：文章第十段提到：联邦政府警告（驾驶者）不要在开车时打电话，但是没有任何州的立法机关对此明令禁止，故可知A项错误，B项正确。文中只提到5个州和哥伦比亚特区要求驾驶者使用免提设备进行通话，有14个州禁止开车时发短信，但并没有提到它们立法禁止分心驾驶，故C、D均可排除。

5. How is the study of distracted driving related to the study of tobacco?

A) In both studies it's difficult to convince people of the dangerous consequences.

B) Both studies are supported by the government and relative companies.

C) Both studies warn people against potential dangers, which are acknowledged but ignored.

D) Both studies reveal something astonishing.

对分心驾驶的研究与对烟草的研究有什么关系？

A）两项研究都很难说服人们相信各自的危险后果。

B）两项研究都受到政府和相关公司的支持。

C）两项研究都警告人们那些他们已经认识到，但却仍然忽视的潜在危害。

D）两项研究都揭示了某些令人震惊的事情。

►线索词：study of distracted driving，study of tobacoo

►定位处：第十三段。

►解析：文章第十三段提到：研究分心驾驶的科学家非常理解宣传烟草危害性的同事们的挫败感。因为使用手机就像吸烟一样，尽管被认为很酷，但后果却可能是致命的。由此可以看出，研究分心驾驶的科学家与研究烟草危害的科学家的目的都是一样的，即都是为了警告人们那些他们已经认识到但却仍被忽视的潜在危害，四个选项中只有C项最为符合，故为正确答案。

6. Some researchers suggest enforcing the ban on drivers' using cell phones while driving by ______.

A) installing hidden cameras to monitor drivers

B) instructing drivers to abide by the law

C) using technology to disable drivers' phone

D) imposing heavy fines on the accused drivers

一些研究人员建议（政府）通过_____实施驾驶者不准使用手机的禁令。

A）安装隐匿摄像头监控驾驶者

B）教育驾驶者遵守法律

C）利用技术使驾驶者手机失灵

D）对受指控的驾驶者施以重罚

►线索词：researchers，suggest，enforcing

►定位处：第十五段。

►解析：文章第十五段提到，一些研究人员表示已经有足够多的证据证明应该立法禁止驾驶者使用手机，并建议可以利用使驾驶者手机失灵的技术来促使该法律得到贯彻，题干问的就是研究人员建议通过何种方式实施相关法令，C项与文中表述相符，故为答案。

7. Professor Steve Yantis believes that it is hard for our brains to _______.

A) tell visual information from aural information

B) evaluate the significance of multitasking

C) realize the importance of concentration

D) assess separate streams of information

史蒂夫·扬蒂教授认为我们的大脑难以______。

A）分辨视觉信息和听觉信息

B）评估多任务化处理的意义

C）意识到专注的重要性

D）对不同信息流做出判断

►线索词：Professor Steve Yantis，brains

►定位处：倒数第七段。

►解析：文章倒数第七段提到，史蒂夫·扬蒂教授说大脑不善于对不同的信息流做出判断，即使一个来自视觉，一个来自听觉。D选项与文中表述相同，故为答案。A项“分辨视觉信息和听觉信息”是对原文的误解，大脑难以对不同的信息流做出判断，不代表大脑区分不了听觉信息和视觉信息，只有在二者作为信息流同时出现时才会让大脑带难以判断，故排除。

8. A driver who talks on the phone while driving may leave his mind lacking the processing power to react in time when something unexpected happens.

驾驶过程中打电话的驾驶员在意料之外的情况发生之时，大脑会缺乏及时做出反应的处理能力。

►线索词：talks on the phone，driving，mind，lacking，react in time

►定位处：倒数第六段。

►解析：题干是将倒数第六段的内容加以提炼，整合成一个句子，只需注意根据线索词定位、辨认句式变化即可，空格处应填入原文中的processing power。

9. Legislation forbidding the use of handheld cell phones while driving will not be effective since it implies that hands-free phones are as safe to use while driving.

用立法的方式禁止开车时使用手持式手机不会有效，因为这样的立法会暗示，开车时使用免提电话就是安全的。

►线索词：legislation，implies

►定位处：倒数第二段。

►解析：文章倒数第二段提到：legislation forbidding the use of handheld cell phones while driving will not be effective...such legislation may mistakenly imply that hands-free phones are safe to use while driving，故此处填入原文中imply that之后的内容即可。

10. Although people know the risk of distracted driving, they keep on doing so partially because they feel the intense social pressures to stay connected with others.

尽管人们知道分心驾驶的危险性，他们仍然这样做，部分原因在于他们感受着与他人保持联系的巨大社会压力。

►线索词：know the risk，distracted driving，keep on doing so，partially，to stay connected with others

►定位处：倒数第一段。

►解析：题干是倒数第一段的内容的提炼，通过线索词不难定位答题信息，空格处应填入原文中的intense social pressures。需注意原文同题干表述方式的转换，如原文continue to talking while driving等同于题干中的keep on doing so，原文to stay in touch等同于题干中的stay connected。

Part III　Listening Comprehension

Section A

11. A) The company the man applies for is big and famous.

B) The company made a deep impression on the man.

C) The woman wants to know what the man is interested in.

D) The company the man applies for is small.

W: I received your résumé last week and was very impressed. May I ask why you're interested in working for us?

M: Your company has a good reputation and I've always wanted to work for a smaller company.

Q: What can you infer from the conversation?

A）男士应聘的公司规模很大又很出名。

B）公司给男士留下了深刻的印象。

C）女士想要知道男士对什么感兴趣。

D）男士应聘的公司规模小。

女：我上周收到了你的简历，对你印象很深刻。我能问一下你为什么对在我们公司工作感兴趣吗？

男：贵公司有良好的声誉，而且我一直想到一个小一点的公司工作。

问：从对话中你能推断出什么？

►听前预测：

①三项以the company开头，四项均提到了the man。

②两项含有与求职相关的词汇（apply for）。

结论：对话很可能与男士求职有关。

►解析：女士说上周收到了男士的简历，对他印象深刻，问男士为什么对她们公司感兴趣。男士说女士的公司有良好的声誉，而且他一直想到小一点的公司工作。由此可见，男士应聘的公司规模比较小，故选D。

12. A) She doesn't like history course.

B) She doesn't like reading books.

C) She has too many books to read.

D) She can't get the books she needs.

M: Isn't history boring? It looks like you've got a lot of reading to do.

W: The course is interesting, but it's so demanding that I'll never get through the reading list.

Q: What seems to be the woman's problem?

A）她不喜欢历史课。

B）她不喜欢阅读书籍。

C）她有太多的书要读。

D）她无法得到需要的书。

男：难道历史不无聊吗？看起来你要读很多东西。

女：历史课很有趣，但要求很苛刻，有永远也读不完的阅读书目。

问：看起来女士面临什么问题？

►听前预测：

①四项均以she开头。

②三项提到了书（books），一项提到了课程（history course）。

结论：对话可能是学习场景，提问有关女士的信息。

►解析：男士问女士是否觉得历史很无聊，他发现女士似乎要读很多东西。女士说课程比较有意思，但要求很苛刻，有永远也读不完的阅读书目。可见女士要读的东西太多了，根本读不完，故选C。

13. A) He agrees to discuss the agenda after dinner.

B) He suggests a different time to discuss the agenda.

C) He doesn't care about the agenda.

D) He doesn't like working after dinner.

W: Excuse me, could you spare a few minutes to discuss the agenda with me after dinner?

M: I don't mind working after dinner. But I have time before dinner. Why should we put it off?

Q: What does the man mean?

A）他同意晚餐后讨论日程安排。

B）他建议另选时间讨论日程安排。

C）他不关心日程安排。

D）他不喜欢晚餐后工作。

女：对不起，您能否在晚餐后腾出些时间与我讨论一下日程安排？

男：我不介意晚餐后工作。但我在晚餐前有时间。我们为什么要推迟到晚餐后呢？

问：男士的意思是什么？

►听前预测：

①四项均以he开头。

②三项提到了日程安排（agenda）。

③两项提到了晚餐后（after dinner）。

结论：对话可能与日程安排有关，注意男士晚餐前后的安排。

►解析：女士问男士能否在晚餐后腾出些时间与她讨论一下日程安排。男士说他倒不介意晚餐后工作，但他晚餐前有时间，因此没有必要推迟到晚餐后，故选B。本题的关键信息在but后。Why should we do sth.？这一反问结构经常用于提出建议。put off意为“延迟，拖延”。

14. A) Bill was late for the exam.

B) Bill was always late for class.

C) Bill was sick for a long time.

D) Bill did not finish the test paper.

W: I was sorry to hear that Bill failed the final exam. I know he was sick a lot and that he usually went to class late.

M: Oh, it wasn't that. Bill missed one important question in the exam.

Q: Why did Bill fail the exam?

A）比尔考试迟到了。

B）比尔总是上课迟到。

C）比尔病了很长时间。

D）比尔没有完成试卷。

女：听说比尔期末考试不及格，我感到很遗憾。我知道比尔总是身体不好，并常常迟到。

男：嗯，其实不是那样的。比尔在考试中有一道很重要的题目没答。

问：为什么比尔考试没及格？

►听前预测：

①四项均以Bill开头。

②三项与学业有关（exam，class，test paper）。

结论：对话可能与Bill的学业有关。

►解析：听说比尔考试不及格，女士表示很遗憾。她知道比尔身体不好，并常常迟到。男士说比尔不及格是因为有一道很重要的题目没答。由此可见，比尔没答完试卷，故选D。

15.  A) She doesn't like hot weather.

B) She doesn't like the man's roommates.

C) She has to ask her roommates for advice.

D) She hates going out and prefers to stay at home.

M: My roommates and I are going to the beach this weekend. Will you come along？

W: Thank you for asking. But I can't bear the heat out there. Besides, I can't swim.

Q: Which of the following is a reason that the woman won't go to the beach?

A）她不喜欢炎热的天气。

B）她不喜欢男士的室友。

C）她必须要问问自己室友的建议。

D）她讨厌出去，宁愿待在家里。

男：我和室友周末要去海滩，你一起去吗？

女：谢谢你的邀请。但我无法忍受海滩的高温。而且，我不会游泳。

问：下列选项中哪一项是女士不去海滩的原因？

►听前预测：

①四项均以she开头。

②三项含有与喜好相关的词（doesn't like，hate，prefer）。

结论：对话可能与女士的喜好相关。

►解析：男士说他和室友周末要去海滩，问女士是否一起去。女士对男士的邀请表示感谢，但她说自己无法忍受海滩的高温，也不会游泳。由此可见，女士不去海滩的原因有两个，A选项与其中一个一致，故为正确答案。

16. A) Pick her son from school.

B) Meet the man in his office.

C) Work on a report.

D) Prepare dinner for her son.

M: Would you please come to my office at five o'clock this afternoon?

W: Can I meet you tomorrow? My son will be home from school at 5:30. And I must finish this report before then.

Q: What is the woman going to do first?

A）到学校接儿子。

B）到男士的办公室与男士见面。

C）写报告。

D）为儿子准备晚餐。

男：你能今天下午5点来一下我的办公室吗？

女：我能明天见你吗？我儿子5:30放学，我必须赶在那之前完成报告。

问：女士首先要去做什么？

►听前预测：

①四项均以动词原形开头。

②两项含有形容词性物主代词her。

结论：本题很可能提问女士的行为。

►解析：男士让女士下午5点去一下他的办公室，女士和男士商量能否改到第二天，因为她儿子5点半就放学了，她必须赶在那之前完成报告。由此可见，女士要先完成报告，故选C。

17. A) They are colleagues.

B) They are classmates.

C) They are teacher and student.

D) They are employer and employee.

M: Could you please tell me what Mr. Smith asked us to do? You see I was absent last time.

W: Well, he gave us a special assignment on the influence of advertisement.

Q: What's the probable relationship between the two speakers?

A）他们是同事。

B）他们是同学。

C）他们是师生关系。

D）他们是雇主和雇员关系。

男：你能告诉我史密斯先生让我们做什么吗？你知道，上次我缺勤了。

女：好的，他给我们留了一个关于广告影响力的特殊作业。

问：两位说话者很可能是什么关系？

►听前预测：四项均表示人物关系，故可知本题很可能是对两人关系进行提问。

►解析：男士问女士史密斯先生让他们做什么，他上次缺勤了。女士说史密斯先生给他们留了一个关于广告影响力的特殊作业。由此可见，两人是同学，故选B。

18.  A) The woman didn't finish her paper on time.

B) The woman has to revise her paper.

C) The woman doesn't get along well with her tutor.

D) The woman asked the man to help her.

M: You look worried. What did your tutor talk to you?

W: He said if I tried hard I could have finished my paper on time.

Q: What is true about the woman?

A）女士没有按时完成论文。

B）女士必须要修改论文。

C）女士与她的导师相处得不好。

D）女士请求男士帮助自己。

男：你看上去有点忧郁。你的导师和你说什么了？

女：他说如果我努力点，本来是可以按时完成论文的。

问：关于女士的信息哪一项是正确的？

►听前预测：

①四项均以the woman开头。

②两项提到了论文（paper）。

结论：本题提问有关女士的信息，内容可能与论文相关。

►解析：男士说女士看上去有点忧郁，并问导师和她说了些什么。女士告诉男士，导师说如果她努力点，本来是可以按时完成论文的。由此可见，女士没有按时完成她的论文，故选A。注意女士转述教授的话时使用了表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气could have finished，由此可以判断，女士实际上没有完成论文。

Conversation One

听力原文&译文

W: Good morning, Mr. Smith. May I join you on the walking exercise? I thought it is a good idea to walk around to get some fresh air early in the morning.

M: Do come along. It is nice to have some company for good exercise. My wife comes along with me sometimes but she is quite irregular.［19］We have a large family and she has to prepare breakfast for the children and for me.

W: Do you take walking exercise every morning?

M: Yes. I feel much better after a good walk in the morning. I have to sit at a desk the whole day.［20］Some exercise before going to work helps. It clears my head and puts vigor into my body.

W: Some people prefer to take an evening walk after dinner.

M:［21］I get fairly late coming back from office. Then I have my little son with his lessons in the evenings.

W: These days, fitness walking is getting very popular. Nearly all men come out for fitness walking between five and six in the morning.

M: I notice that they are the middle-aged and older people, who are out walking in the morning. They understand the importance of morning exercise.

W: Yes, it seems like that. The young white collars go to parties after work so often that they can hardly get up early in the morning. That is the reason for their absence from fitness walking.

M: Also perhaps they are in the prime of life and do not feel the strain like us older men.

W: You said it.

M: Well, today's walking exercise was very refreshing and informative.［22］I must go home now and get ready for work. See you tomorrow again for morning exercise.

女：早上好，史密斯先生。我能和你一起步行锻炼吗？我觉得一大早出来到处走走，呼吸一下新鲜空气是个很不错的主意。

男：一起来吧。对好的锻炼来说，有人陪伴很不错。我妻子有时会陪我一起晨练，但她锻炼的时间不是很规律。［19］我们有一大家子人，她得为我和孩子们准备早餐。

女：你每天早上都做步行锻炼吗？

男：是的。我早上走一段路后就会舒服很多。我一整天都必须坐在桌子旁。［20］工作前进行一些锻炼很有好处。能让我保持头脑清醒，充满活力。

女：一些人更喜欢晚上饭后进行走路锻炼。

男：［21］我下班回家很晚。然后我晚上还要辅导小儿子的功课。

女：最近步行健身变得很流行。几乎所有人都会在早上五六点出来步行健身。

男：我注意到早上出来步行锻炼的都是中老年人。他们明白晨练的重要性。

女：是啊，看起来是那样。年轻的白领们下班后经常去参加聚会，因此早上就很难早起。那就是他们不能进行步行锻炼的原因。

男：还可能他们风华正茂，还感受不到像我们年龄更大一些人的身体压力。

女：你说得对。

男：嗯，今天的步行锻炼令我非常神清气爽，又让我长了见识。［22］我现在得回家准备去上班了。明天晨练时再见。

19. A) She is hard-working.

B) She has to catch an early bus.

C) She is busy in the morning.

D) She gets up late in the morning.

Q: What do we learn about the man's wife?

A）她工作勤奋。

B）她不得不赶早班公交车。

C）她早上很忙。

D）她早上起得晚。

问：我们了解到了男士妻子的什么情况？

►听前预测：

①四项均以she为主语。

②两项涉及时间短语in the morning。

结论：本题很可能与对话中所描述的某位女士的活动有关，尤其是早上那段时间。

►解析：对话中男士对女士提到了自己的妻子，说因为他们家里人多，妻子要为他和孩子们准备早餐，没有时间来晨练，可见男士的妻子早上很忙，故本题应选C。

20. A) It's better than evening exercise.

B) It helps him work more efficiently.

C) Young people do not need to take exercise.

D) Morning exercise is generally informative.

Q: What does the man say about morning exercise?

A）它比晚上锻炼好。

B）它（晨练）让他工作更有效率。

C）年轻人不需要锻炼。

D）晨练普遍能让人长见识。

问：男士说了有关晨练的什么信息？

►听前预测：

①四项均提到了锻炼（evening exercise，take exercise，morning exercise）。

②三项含有表示好处或作用的词（better，help...work efficiently，informative）。

结论：该题很可能考查锻炼的好处或作用。

►解析：由上题可知，男士在对话中提到了上班前晨练很有好处，可以让他头脑清醒、充满活力，四项中只有B项“晨练让他工作更有效率”与此意思最为接近，故为正确答案。

21. A) He has to go to parties in the evening.

B) He has to prepare dinner for the family.

C) The air is not fresh in the evening.

D) He can't afford the time.

Q: Why doesn't the man take exercise in the evening?

A）晚上他必须参加聚会。

B）他必须为家人准备晚餐。

C）晚上的空气不新鲜。

D）他没有时间。

问：为什么男士不在晚上锻炼？

►听前预测：

①三项主语为he。

②两项提到了在晚上（in the evening）。

结论：本题考查的内容可能与男士在晚上做某事有关。

►解析：当女士提到有些人喜欢在晚上锻炼时，男士说自己每天下班很晚，而且还要辅导孩子功课，故可知D项为正确答案。

22.  A) Go home.

B) Go to his office.

C) Go to the bus stop.

D) Send his son to school.

Q: What will the man probably do next?

A）回家。

B）去他的办公室。

C）去公共汽车站。

D）送儿子去学校。

问：男士接下来可能要做什么？

►听前预测：

①四项均为动词短语。

②两项提到了his。

结论：本题可能考查男士的行为。

►解析：对话最后男士说“我现在得回家准备去上班了”，由此可知，男士晨练完接着要做的是回家，故A项正确。

Conversation Two

听力原文&译文

M: Good morning, Mrs. I am Alexander Ford.

W: Good morning. Have a seat please.［23］Mr. Ford, we have here your application for a salesman job. Can you tell us something about yourself?

M: I am a graduate. I am twenty-one years old.［24］In my B.A., I had commerce as my major.

W: Do you have any previous experience in sales?

M: This is my first regular job. I was a student before this.［25］But I do have a little experience in sales.

W: If this is to be your first job, where did you get the experience in sales?

M: During my summer vacation, I used to work as a part-time door-to-door salesman for a lady who embroidered table linen at home. I went from door to door selling her handiwork. I earned a small commission on the goods that I sold.

W: That was enterprising of you. Didn't that door-to-door selling interfere with your studies?

M: Not really, Mrs. I did this work during my holidays when I had little else to do.

W:［25］Do you speak Hindi, Mr. Ford? That would be an essential requirement for a salesman in this area. Not everyone here speaks English.

M:［25］Yes, I do have a working knowledge of Hindi, Mrs.

W: Why did you decide to take a job as a salesman?

M: I think that a salesman's job is an exciting and interesting one. It is a challenge and one would feel a great satisfaction in achieving the targets set.

W: Oh, I see. Well, I think our interview is completed then. Are there any questions you would like to ask me?

M: No, not at the moment.

W: Well, it was nice meeting you.［25］We'll write to you shortly to let you know the result of the interview once we agree on the right candidate. Thank you for coming. Goodbye.

男：早上好，女士。我是亚历山大·福特。

女：早上好。请坐。［23］福特先生，我们这里收到了你对销售员一职的申请。能和我们说说自己的情况吗？

男：我是个毕业生，今年21岁，［24］在贸易专业获得了文学学士学位。

女：你之前有过任何销售经验吗？

男：这是我的第一份正式工作。在这之前我还是名学生。［25］但我确实有过一点儿销售经验。

女：如果这将是你的第一份工作，你在哪里获得的销售经验呢？

男：暑假时，我曾经做兼职为一名在家给亚麻桌布刺绣的女士做过上门推销。我挨家挨户地推销她的手工制品，从货物所卖钱数中挣取一小部分佣金。

女：你很有进取心。那上门推销难道不影响你的学习吗？

男：其实不影响，女士。我在假期里做的这份工作，假期也没什么别的事可做。

女：［25］福特先生，你会说印地语吗？会说印地语是一个销售员在此地工作的必要条件。这里不是每个人都会说英语。

男：［25］会说，我的确粗通印地语，女士。

女：为什么你决定要做一名销售员？

男：我认为销售员的工作很刺激，很有趣。它是一份具有挑战性的工作，一个人如能完成设定的目标会有巨大的满足感。

女：嗯，我明白了。那么，我想我们的面试到这可以结束了。你还有想要问我的问题吗？

男：没有，现在没有。

女：好的，很高兴见到你。［25］一旦我们对合适人选达成一致意见，会很快写信通知你面试的结果。感谢你的到来。再见。

23. A) To make a business report to the woman.

B) To be interviewed for a job in the woman's company.

C) To sell some handiwork to the woman.

D) To inquire about the result of an interview.

Q: What's the purpose of Mr. Ford's visit?

A）向女士做一份商务报告。

B）到女士公司参加一份工作的面试。

C）向女士推销一些手工制品。

D）打听面试结果。

问：福特先生来访的目的是什么？

►听前预测：

①四项均以不定式开头。

②两项含有表示面试的词（interviewed for a job，interview）。

结论：本题是对目的进行提问，可能与某人参加面试有关。

►解析：对话开头女士对男士说：“我们这里收到了你对销售员一职的申请，能和我们说说自己的情况吗？”由此可知，男士之所以来女士的公司是为了参加面试，故B项正确。

24. A) Administration.

B) Literature.

C) Commerce.

D) Journalism.

Q: What is Mr. Ford's major in college?

A）管理学。

B）文学。

C）贸易。

D）新闻学。

问：福特先生在大学里的专业是什么？

►听前预测：四项分别表示四个专业，结合上题可推测，该题是面试时对男士所学专业进行的提问。听录音时，需对四个选项的内容及其他与专业相关的词多加留意。

►解析：当女士让男士介绍自己的情况时，男士说自己是毕业生，今年21岁，在贸易专业获得文学学士学位，故可知本题应选C。

25. A) The woman thinks Mr. Ford lacks experience.

B) Mr. Ford will work in foreign countries.

C) Mr. Ford seems to meet every requirement for the job.

D) The woman alone will decide whether to hire Mr. Ford.

Q: What can we conclude from the conversation?

A）女士认为福特先生缺乏经验。

B）福特先生将在国外工作。

C）福特先生似乎满足了该职位的所有要求。

D）女士自己会决定是否录用福特先生。

问：从对话中我们能得出什么结论？

►听前预测：

①四项均含有Mr. Ford，两项提到了the woman。

②三项含有与是否合格或录用有关的词（thinks...lacks experience，seems to meet every requirement，decide whether to hire）。

结论：结合前两题的分析可知，该题可能考查女士对男士是否适合所应聘职位的看法。

►解析：对话中，当女士问男士是否有销售经验时，男士说暑假时曾做过上门推销，故可排除A项；女士只问男士是否会说印地语，并说这是在当地工作的必要条件，但并没有提到要让男士去国外工作，故B项错误；对话最后，女士说一旦他们对合适人选达成一致意见，会很快给男士写信，通知他面试结果，故可知是否录用福特先生并非由女士自己决定，D项也可排除。本题选C。

Section B

Passage One

听力原文&译文

Food can be divided into two basic categories: real food and pleasure food.［27］Real food is fuel for the body's needs, while［26］pleasure food, which is high in fat and sugar, is primarily for taste satisfaction. The categories are pretty obvious. Broccoli is real food. Cookies are in the pleasure group.

When you are hungry, you are faced with choices. If you aren't suffering from excessive hunger, you can be rational about them. Go to the refrigerator. What looks good？If you have chosen a real food, say, a turkey sandwich, you can be certain your body can use it for fuel. Eat it and enjoy.

Two hours later you are hungry again. Back to the refrigerator. What looks good？Ice cream. Stop! Employ your will power just a little. Ice cream is not what your body needs. Does something else look good？ Yes, a piece of toast with peanut butter and a glass of milk sound good too. Okay, go ahead, remembering that high-fat real foods should be eaten in moderation.

［28］One trick is to eliminate pleasure foods from your kitchen. Instead, keep a variety of high-quality foods available at all times. In short, buy lots of delicious real food, food you really like, and get rid of the junk.

食物可分为两大基本种类：真正的食物和休闲食物。［27］真正的食物为身体提供所需的能量，而［26］脂肪和糖分含量高的休闲食物则主要用于满足味蕾需求。食物的种类划分是非常明显的。西兰花属于真正的食物，饼干则是休闲食物中的一员。

当你饿了，你会面对很多种食物选择。如果不是极度饥饿，你能对食物进行理智的选择。打开冰箱，什么看起来好吃呢？如果你选了一种真正的食物，例如一块火鸡三明治，那么你可以肯定它能转化成身体的能量。吃掉它并享受它的美味吧。

两个小时后，你又饿了。回去打开冰箱，什么看起来好吃呢？冰激凌。不要拿！稍微运用一下你的意志力。冰激凌不是你身体所需要的。有其他看起来好吃的吗？有，一块加有花生酱的烤面包片和一杯牛奶似乎还不错。好吧。去拿出来吧，记住，高脂肪的真正食物应该适量食用。

［28］一个小窍门就是，不要在厨房放休闲食品，而应该一直放各种各样高品质的食物。简而言之，买很多美味的、你真正喜欢的纯粹食物，杜绝垃圾食品。

整体预测

快速浏览各题选项，根据其中的关键词real food、body's needs、high in fat and sugar、pleasure food推测，该短文的内容很可能与食物的选择有关，具体细节需要进一步分析各个选项。

26. A) Broccoli.

B) Ice cream.

C) A turkey sandwich.

D) A glass of milk.

Q: Which of the following belongs to the group of pleasure food?

A）西兰花。

B）冰激凌。

C）火鸡三明治。

D）一杯牛奶。

问：下列选项中哪一项属于休闲食物？

►解题思路：

①四项均为名词或名词短语。

②四项分别描述了四种食物。

结论：根据选项特点分析，本题很可能考查与食物有关的细节。考生需集中精力去听与食物有关的词，然后根据问题在四个选项中做出判断。

►解析：本题问的是四个选项中哪一项属于休闲食品。文章开头提到，食物分为两种，一类是真正的食物，一类是休闲食品。其中，休闲食品中的脂肪和糖分含量较高，用于满足味蕾需求，然后举例说明曲奇饼干就属于休闲食品。故本题选B。

27.  A) Real food is fuel for body's needs.

B) Real food is high in fat and sugar.

C) Real food is primarily for taste satisfaction.

D) Real food is delicious.

Q: What does the speaker say about real food？

A）真正的食物能为身体提供所需的能量。

B）真正的食物脂肪和糖分含量高。

C）真正的食物主要是为了满足味蕾需求。

D）真正的食物很好吃。

问：说话者对于真正的食物说了什么？

►解题思路：

①四项主语均为real food。

②两项含有表示能量的词（fuel，fat and sugar），两项含有表示美味的词（taste satisfaction，delicious）。

结论：本题很可能考查的是real food的具体特征。听音重点为body's needs、fat and sugar、taste satisfaction和delicious。

►解析：本题问关于真正的食物，说话人谈到了什么。文章开头提到，真正的食物用于提供身体所需的能量。四个选项中只有A项与此意思一致，故为正确答案。B、C两项是休闲食品的特点，D项文中并未提及，均可排除。

28. A) We should store food in refrigerator.

B) We should choose food that looks good.

C) We should distinguish between real food and pleasure food.

D) We should remove pleasure foods from our kitchen.

Q: What does the speaker suggest we do in order to avoid junk food?

A）我们应该在冰箱里储存食物。

B）我们应该选择看起来好吃的食物。

C）我们应该区分真正的食物和休闲食物。

D）我们应该清除厨房里的休闲食物。

问：为了避免吃垃圾食品，说话者建议我们做什么？

►解题思路：

①四项主语均为we。

②四项均含有food。

③四项均为建议（should）。

结论：本题很可能考查在食物方面的建议。听音重点为store food、choose food that looks good、distinguish和remove pleasure foods。

►解析：本题问的是为了杜绝垃圾食品，说话人建议我们怎么做。文章最后提到，杜绝垃圾食品的一个小窍门就是，不要在厨房放休闲食品，而应该放各种各样高质量的食物。D项与文中的内容一致，故为正确答案。B项错在看上去不错的食物也可能是垃圾食品，故排除。其他两项都不是说话人的建议，也可排除。

Passage Two

听力原文&译文

［29］A dinner party is often a pleasurable time for everyone but the host, so the important point to keep in mind is that "planning" is a key part of a successful dinner party.

All too often, hosts make the mistake of over-exerting themselves, leaving little time to enjoy the evening themselves. The following information can help you make it an enjoyable night for both yourself and your guests.

Firstly, make a guest list so you'll know how many people to cook for. Let your guests know the time and the date of the dinner well in advance and be sure to remind them shortly before the party. Make a checklist of ingredients and drinks that you'll need and try to buy them a couple of days before the party. Get the house in order the day before the dinner party.［30］If you leave your house cleaning till the day off, you might find yourself more stressed than you need to be. Keeping the menu simple doesn't mean it has to be boring. The night will also be a lot easier for you if you prepare dishes that can be laid out at the centre of the table, allowing guests to serve themselves.［31］You can provide some music and the type of music will depend on the type of guests. You might not think of it, but the night will run a lot smoother with background music for the evening.

［29］晚宴对于除了主人之外的每个人来说往往都意味着愉悦的时光，所以（对于主人来说）重要的一点是要铭记“规划”是办好一次晚宴的关键。

主人总是会犯为筹备晚宴而付出过多努力的错误，给自己留下享受晚宴的时间很少。以下信息能帮你为自己和客人同时带来一个美好的夜晚。

首先，列一个客人清单，这样你就会了解你要准备多少人的饭菜了。让你的客人提前知道晚宴的时间和日期，并且要确保在晚宴前不久提醒他们。列一个你需要的原料和饮品清单，并努力在晚宴举办前几天把它们买全。晚宴举办前一天收拾一下屋子。［30］如果晚宴当天再收拾屋子的话，你可能会发觉自己的压力比实际所需要的压力更大。让菜单简简单单并不意味着让菜单变得单调乏味。如果你准备的食物可以摆放在饭桌中间，让客人们自己选择食物，那么晚宴的时光也将会更加惬意。［31］你可以播放一些音乐，音乐的类型取决于客人的类型。你可能想不到，晚宴伴随着夜间背景音乐会进展得更加顺利。

整体预测

快速浏览各题选项，根据其中的关键词guests、hosts、dinner party、ingredients and drinks、on the party day推测，本文的内容很可能与晚宴有关，具体细节需要进一步分析各个选项。

29. A) Housewives.

B) Restaurant manager.

C) Guests of dinner party.

D) Hosts of dinner party.

Q: Who does the speaker address to?

A）家庭主妇。

B）饭店经理。

C）晚宴宾客。

D）举办晚宴的人。

问：说话者针对的对象是谁？

►解题思路：

①四项均为名词或名词短语，且均与人物有关。

②两项含有dinner party。

结论：本题很可能考查与party有关的人物。

►解析：本题问说话人针对的对象是谁。文章开头提到，晚宴对于除了主人之外的每个人来说都意味着愉悦的时光，所以（对于主人来说）办好一次晚宴的关键是做好规划，之后文章围绕着怎样做好规划展开，由此可知说话人针对的是举办晚宴的人，故本题选D。

30.  A) You may find yourself less stressed.

B) You won't get up so early on the party day.

C) You will have little time to enjoy the party.

D) Your guests will be much happier.

Q: What's the benefit if you get your house in order the day before the dinner party?

A）你可能会发觉自己的压力会小些。

B）你将不会在宴会举办当天早起。

C）你很少会有时间享受晚宴。

D）你的客人会更加高兴。

问：如果你在晚宴举办前一天收拾好屋子，会有什么好处？

►解题思路：

①三项主语为you。

②三项含有与party有关的词（on the party day，enjoy the party，guests）。

③三项为一般将来时，表某种可能性。

结论：本题很可能考查的是与晚宴有关的某种可能性。听音时，需要首先弄清楚you的指代对象，并将听音重点放在stressed、get up so early，little time to enjoy the party以及happier上。

►解析：本题问如果在晚宴举行前一天把屋子收拾好会有什么益处。文中提到，如果到晚宴当天再收拾屋子的话，会感觉很有压力，A项是对原文的同义转述，故为正确答案。

31. A) Inform your guests of the date and the time beforehand.

B) List the ingredients and drinks for the party and buy them.

C) Practice cooking according to menu.

D) Prepare some proper music for the party.

Q: What does the speaker suggest we do at the end of the passage?

A）提前通知你的客人晚宴的日期和时间。

B）列出宴会所需要的原料和饮品清单并购买它们。

C）根据菜单练习做饭。

D）为宴会准备一些合适的音乐。

问：说话者在文章的结尾处建议我们做什么？

►解题思路：

①四项均以动词原形开头。

②四项均含有与party有关的词汇（guests，time，ingredients and drinks for the party，cooking，music for the party）。

结论：本题很可能考查与筹备晚宴有关的内容或注意事项。

►解析：本题问说话者在文章结尾处建议我们做什么。文章最后说话者建议可以准备一些音乐在晚宴时播放。故本题选D。

Passage Three

听力原文&译文

［35］We use both words and gestures to express our feelings, but the problem is that these words and gestures can be understood in different ways.

It is true that a smile means the same thing in any language. So does laughter or crying. There are also a number of striking similarities in the way different animals show the same feelings.［32］Dogs, tigers and human, for example, often show their teeth when they are angry. This is probably because they are born with those behavior patterns.

［33］Fear is another emotion that is shown in much the same way all over the world. In Chinese and in English literature, a phrase like "he went pale and began to tremble" suggests either that the man was very afraid or he has just got a very big shock. However, "he opened his eyes wide" is used to suggest anger in Chinese whereas in English it means surprise. In Chinese "surprise" can be described in a phrase like "they stretched out their tongues!" Sticking out your tongue in English is an insulting gesture or expresses strong dislike.

Even in the same culture, people differ in ability to understand and express feelings.［34］Experiments in America have shown that women are usually better than men at recognizing fear, anger, love and happiness on people's faces. Other studies show that older people usually find it easier to recognize or understand body language than younger people do.

［35］我们用语言和姿势来表达情感，但问题在于，这些语言和姿势可以有不同的理解方式。

微笑在任何语言里意义都是相同的，这是事实。大笑或哭泣亦是如此。表达同一种情感时，不同动物间有着惊人的相似。［32］例如，当狗、老虎和人类生气时经常会露出牙齿。这很可能是因为他们天生拥有这些行为模式。

［33］恐惧是另外一种在全世界范围内表现方式大致相同的情绪。在汉语和英语文学里，“他脸色发白并开始颤抖”这一表达要么表示他非常害怕，要么表示他刚刚大吃了一惊。然而，“他睁大眼睛”在汉语里表示生气，而在英语里表示惊讶。在汉语里像“他们吐舌头”这样的话可用来表示“惊讶”。在英语里吐舌头是一个无礼的举动或用来表达强烈的厌恶。

即使在同一种文化中，人与人之间理解和表达情感的能力也是有差别的。［34］在美国进行的多次实验表明，女性通常比男性更善于识别恐惧、生气、爱和幸福等人的面部表情。另外一些研究表明，老年人通常比年轻人更容易识别和理解人的肢体语言。

整体预测

快速浏览各题选项，根据前两题各选项中表示情绪的词以及后两题中的facial expressions、gestures、feelings推测，本文的内容很可能与情绪、表情及姿势等有关，具体细节需要进一步分析各个选项。

32. A) Surprised.

B) Angry.

C) Frightened.

D) Worried.

Q: When dogs, tigers and human show their teeth, how are they most likely feeling?

A）惊讶。

B）生气。

C）害怕。

D）担心。

问：当狗、老虎和人类露出牙齿时，他们最可能在表达怎样的情感？

►解题思路：

①四项均为形容词。

②四项描述的是四种不同的情绪或感受。

结论：本题很可能考查与情绪或感受有关的内容。听音时，需重点关注此类形容词，然后根据问题做出进一步的判断。

►解析：本题是细节题。题目问的是当狗、老虎和人露出牙齿的时候，最可能表达的是一种什么样的情绪。文中提到，在表达同一种情感时，不同动物间有着惊人的相似之处。然后举例说明，当狗、老虎和人露出牙齿的时候，都是生气的表现，故本题选B。

33. A) Anger.

B) Surprise.

C) Dislike.

D) Fear.

Q: Which of the following emotions is shown in much the same way all over the world?

A）生气。

B）惊讶。

C）讨厌。

D）害怕。

问：下列哪一种情感的表达方式在全世界大体是一样的？

►解题思路：

①四项均为名词。

②四项描述的也是四种不同的情绪或感受。

结论：本题很可能考查的也是与情绪或感受有关的内容。

►解析：本题问在全世界，哪种情感的表现方式大体是一样的。文中提到，微笑、大笑和哭泣在任何语言中表达的都是同一种事物，接着又提到，在全世界，恐惧的表现方式大体也是一样的，故本题选D。

34.  A) Women are better than men at recognizing facial expressions.

B) Adults are better than children at recognizing facial expressions.

C) Older people are better than younger people at recognizing facial expressions.

D) Americans are better than Chinese at recognizing facial expressions.

Q: According to the speaker, which of the following is true?

A）女性比男性更善于识别面部表情。

B）成人比儿童更善于识别面部表情。

C）老人比年轻人更善于识别面部表情。

D）美国人比中国人更善于识别面部表情。

问：根据说话者的观点，下列选项中哪一项是正确的？

►解题思路：

①四项均含有recognizing facial expressions。

②四项均含有表示比较的词（better than）。

结论：本题很可能考查哪些人识别面部表情的能力更强。

►解析：本题问根据说话者的观点，哪一项是正确的。文章最后一段提到，即使在同一种文化背景下，人与人之间理解和表达情感的能力也是有差别的。其中，美国的多次实验表明，女性通常比男性更善于识别恐惧、生气、爱和幸福等面部表情，故A项正确。文中提到，另一些研究表明，老年人似乎比年轻人更容易识别和理解人的肢体语言，而不是面部表情，故C项错误。B、D两项的内容文中均未提及，故可排除。

35. A) Words and Feelings.

B) Words, Gestures and Feelings.

C) Gestures and Feelings.

D) Culture and Understanding.

Q: Which of the following can serve as the best title for this passage?

A）语言和情感。

B）语言、姿势和情感。

C）姿势和情感。

D）文化和理解。

问：下列选项中最适合做本文标题的是哪一项？

►解题思路：

①四项均为并列的名词短语。

②四项中实词均大写，很可能是标题。

结论：本题很可能问的是文章的主旨，需综合全文内容进行回答。

►解析：本题是主旨题，问哪一项最适合做文章标题。文章开头提到，人们都通过语言和姿势表达情感，但问题在于，这些语言和姿势可以有不同的理解方式。之后比较了不同文化背景下，语言和姿势在表达各种情感方面的异同点。由此可知，本文主要讲的是语言、姿势及情感方面的内容，故本题选B。

Section C

听力原文&译文

To say that the child learns by imitation and that the way to teach is to set a good example oversimplifies. No child imitates every action he sees. Sometimes, the example the parent wants him to follow is［36］ignored while he takes over［37］contrary patterns from some other examples. Therefore we must turn to a more［38］subtle theory than the "monkey see, monkey do".

Look at it from the child's point of view. Here he is in a new situation, lacking a［39］ready response. He is［40］seeking a response which will gain certain ends. If he lacks a ready response for the situation, and can not reason out what to do, he［41］observes a model who seems to get the right result. The child looks for an［42］authority or expert who can show what to do.

There is a second［43］element at work in this situation.［44］The child may be able to attain his immediate goal only to find that his method brings criticism from people who observe him. When shouting across the house achieves his immediate end of delivering a message, he is told emphatically that such a racket is unpleasant, that he should walk into the next room and say his say quietly.［45］Thus, the desire to solve any objective situation is overlaid with the desire to solve it properly. One of the early things that the child learns is that he gets more affection and approval when his parents like his response. Then other adults reward some actions and criticize others.［46］If one is to maintain the support of others and his own respect, he must adopt response his social group approves.

认为孩子是通过模仿来学习，而教育他们的方法就是给他们树立一个好榜样的说法过于简单化了。没有孩子会模仿他看到的每个动作。有时候，父母想要他遵循的某个榜样行为模式会被［36］忽略，取而代之的是他从其他榜样身上学到的［37］相反的行为模式。因此我们必须采用更［38］精明的理论，而不是“像猴子那样看到什么模仿什么”。

从孩子的角度看待这个问题。这里他处于一个新的情境，缺少［39］有准备的反应。他在［40］寻求一个会获得一定结果的反应。如果他缺少对所在情境的有准备的反应，并且思考不出该如何应对，他就会［41］观察一个似乎能获得正确结果的榜样的行为。孩子会去寻找能展示具体做法的［42］权威或专家。

在这种情境下还有一个起作用的［43］因素。［44］孩子可能会获得他眼下的目标，但结果却发现他的方法受到了观察他的人的批评。当在满屋子里乱喊乱叫的孩子达到了他想表达信息的眼前目标之时，他被斩钉截铁地告知这样的吵闹令人不愉快，他应该走进隔壁房间安静地表达自己的想法。［45］因此，处理任何客观情境的愿望都被对这个情境进行适当处理的愿望掩盖了。孩子早期学到的一件事情是，当父母喜欢他做出的反应时，他会赢得更多的爱和认可。然后另外一些成年人会奖励孩子的一些动作，批评其他动作。［46］如果一个人要获得他人的支持和自尊，就必须采用他所在的社会团体认可的反

Part IV　Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)

Section A

人类使用水资源有三个基本目的：农业、工业以及家庭和市区用水（饮用水、烹饪用水、洗涤用水等）。随着人口的增长，每个人的［47］可用水量减少，水资源匮乏的可能性也随之［48］增加。水资源匮乏的问题并不会同时在世界各地出现，就像世界人口在不同的地区分布［49］不均一样；可再生水的年［50］给水量也同样如此。各地不同的气候类型和风景地貌［51］决定了降雨量和降雪量，因此，世界上某些地方的降水多于其他地方。这一现象导致了全球水资源的不均匀［52］分布。

自然水资源的匮乏促使很多国家想方设法增加其给水量：或修筑水坝贮存本会流入大海的水，或挖掘更多更深的水井。但这些努力却可能会产生［53］消极的副作用，即进一步加快水资源匮乏。有一些国家没有修筑水坝，而是选择增加获得地下水的［54］渠道。但这些做法却增加了过度从蓄水层取水的风险。

污染也是影响给水量的因素，它使水资源变得有毒或［55］不适合人类使用，从而减少了可用水量。

水资源匮乏还会导致国际冲突，因为各国之间会［56］竞相争夺有限的水资源。当不同国家对同一河流、湖泊或者蓄水层争相宣称其所有权时，关于水资源问题的政治紧张局势往往会出现。据联合国称，世界上超过300个跨国界的江河流域和蓄水层都在制造着潜在的国际冲突。

47. G

语法判断：空格前为主语the amount of water，后为介词to，且这句话并不缺少谓语。由此可知，______ to each person为后置定语修饰主语。因此，此处可能是形容词、动词的现在分词或过去分词。

语义判断：这句话的意思是“随着人口的增长，每个人的______水量减少”。在备选的形容词和分词中，只有available（可用的；可获得的）意思最符合，故选G。

48. L

语法判断：空格前是一个完整的句子，后为名词短语，说明______ the possibility of water shortages是一个分句，且无法与主句共用一个谓语动词，因此，此处缺少非谓语动词，空格处应填入动词的过去分词或现在分词。

语义判断：备选的分词有determined、raising和arising。根据常识，人口越多，水资源匮乏的可能性必然越大，因此应在raising和arising两项中做出选择。其中，arise是不及物动词，其后不能接宾语，故正确答案为raising。

49. I

语法判断：空格前是系动词is，后为动词的被动形式distributed，可知此处应填入一个副词修饰distributed。

语义判断：空格所在分句的意思是“就像世界人口在不同的地区分布______一样”。备选的三个副词中，positively意为“积极地；明确地”，deliberately意为“故意地；谨慎地”，unevenly意为“不均匀地”。三项中只有unevenly符合句意。

50. O

语法判断：空格前为形容词annual，后为介词of，可知此处应填入一个名词。

语义判断：备选的四个名词中，access意为“（使用或见到的）机会”，distribution意为“分布；分配”，approach意为“方法；途径”，supply意为“供给”。由下文提到的像降雨、降雪等可再生水会随着天气和地貌的不同而不同可知，此处要表达的是“可再生水的年给水量也不同”，四个名词中只有supply最为符合，故选O。

51. H

语法判断：空格前是系动词are，后为介词短语by uneven weather patterns and landscape，可知此处应填入动词的过去分词。

语义判断：备选的动词过去分词有determined和starved，显然determined符合此处语境。be determined by表示“由……决定”之意，用在此处表示“降雨量和降雪量取决于不同的气候类型和风景地貌”。

52. F

语法判断：空格前是形容词uneven，后为介词of。分析句子主干可知，空格所在处是句子的宾语部分，故此处应填入一个名词。

语义判断：根据上文可知，一些地区比别的地区降雨量多，就必然会导致全球水资源的不均匀分布。故此处应选distribution。

53. E

语法判断：空格前是谓语动词have，后为宾语side effects，可知此处应填入一个形容词，修饰宾语。

语义判断：备选的形容词还有negative和unfit两项。由上一句话可知，很多国家采取了诸如修筑水坝或挖掘更多、更深的水井等方式来储存水资源。而该句紧接着用but表示转折，意味着这些方式将带来不好的结果，故选表示“消极的；负面的”之意的negative。

54. A

语法判断：空格前为代词their，后为介词to，可知此处应填入一个名词。

语义判断：在备选的两项名词access和approach中，access指“（获得某物的）途径；机会”，而approach则指“（待人接物或思考问题的）方式；途径”。此处要表达的是“一些国家选择增加他们获取地下水的途径来得到更多的水资源”，故选A。

55. J

语法判断：由前面的or可知，空格处所填词应与toxic并列，共同作make it的宾语补足语，故此处应填入一个形容词。

语义判断：备选的形容词只剩unfit一项。用在句中表示“（污染）可以使水资源变得有毒或不适合人类使用”，故选J。

56. D

语法判断：空格前为as从句的主语countries，后为介词短语，可知此处应填入一个不及物动词作句子的谓语。

语义判断：可选的动词还剩compete和approach两项。此处要表达的是“水资源匮乏可能引起国际冲突，因为各国会竞相争夺有限的水资源”，故只有compete符合句意。

Section B

Passage One

绑架是20世纪最残忍的犯罪方式。大多数绑架案的背后并不是政治情绪，其动机只是对于金钱的贪婪。受害人都是在家庭十分富有的条件下，被绑匪随机选择的。［57］当个人的名望和财富被媒体不断地报道时，大部分人比以往任何时候都更容易成为绑匪的目标。

最臭名昭著的绑架案发生在1932年3月1日的晚上，绑匪把自制的梯子搭到查尔斯·林白上校位于新泽西的家里，偷走了他的儿子——一个金发碧眼的小婴儿，并留下了一张索要赎金的字条。林白是第一个独自飞越大西洋的飞行员，在当时的美国他是最受欢迎的人。

［58］当小男孩在几英里以外的地方被发现时脑袋已经被碾碎了，整个国家为此感到震惊。议会通过了“林白绑架法案”，决定对协助绑匪越过州界线者处以死刑。两年半之后，绑匪布鲁诺·理查德·豪普特曼在兑换了部分赎金之后被捕。他于1936年被处决。

［59］绑架还可以印证通货膨胀：豪普特曼要求支付5万美元赎金；而1973年格蒂一家不得不支付130万英镑——所付赎金是20亿意大利里拉，重达一吨。在这次绑架中，事情变得极其糟糕。当绑匪把格蒂的右耳朵砍下来寄给一家报社时，他们忘记了当时正在进行邮政系统大罢工，而这次罢工使他们寄出的证物晚到了三周。在缪丽尔·麦凯被绑架的案件中，绑匪劫错了人。［60］1969年，当侯赛因兄弟在电视节目上看到鲁珀特·默多克的时候，萌生了绑架计划。在那个节目中，鲁珀特·默多克被称为百万富翁，正是这个词激起了他们的绑架行动。但是，在尾随默多克的劳斯莱斯时，他们并不知道他已经和妻子一起去了澳大利亚，而且把车借给了他的一家公司的董事长道格拉斯·麦凯。［60］侯赛因兄弟闯进错误的住宅，误打误撞绑架了麦凯夫人，但仍然索要百万英镑的赎金。

［61］绑架造成的最终影响永远不会消除：林白的心理创伤再也没有恢复。年轻的保罗·格蒂开玩笑说：“那是一只代价昂贵的耳朵！”但是他的内心也一定有一道伤疤。在审讯完侯赛因兄弟之后，道格拉斯·麦凯的评论最为悲痛。他说：“他们被判处终身监禁。我也被判了终身监禁，我将用一生的时间来思索我亲爱的妻子到底遭遇了什么事。”

【论说文：绑架】

第1段：提出本文讨论的主题——绑架。

第2～3段：以美国著名飞行员林白之子被绑架为例，证明由媒体曝光的知名人士更容易成为绑匪的目标。

第4段：举出另外两个绑架具体案例。

第5段：说明绑架给人带来了难以弥合的心理创伤。

57. "Most people are vulnerable than ever" because ______.

A) there are more greedy people in the world than ever before

B) there are more rich people in the world than ever before

C) political hijackings have become more and more common

D) it is difficult nowadays to be rich in secret

“大多数人比以往任何时候都更容易成为绑匪的目标”的原因是______。

A）世界上贪婪的人比以往更多了

B）世界上富有的人比以往更多了

C）政治绑架已经变得越来越普遍了

D）现在人们很难富有却不为人知

►定位：根据题干中的Most people are vulnerable than ever将答案定位到文章第一段。

►解析：本题问的是为什么大多数人比以往任何时候都更容易成为绑匪的目标。文章第一段最后一句提到，当个人的名望和财富被媒体不断地报道时，大部分人比以往任何时候都更容易成为绑匪的目标。也就是说，有钱人大多会被媒体曝光，从而更容易成为绑匪的目标。D项“现在人们很难富有却不为人知”与这一意思一致，故为正确答案。其他三项文中均未提及，故排除。

58. What can we learn about the Lindbergh case?

A) Lindbergh was the first pilot to fly solo across the Pacific.

B) Lindbergh placed a home-made ladder against his house.

C) The kidnapper killed Lindbergh's son cold-bloodedly.

D) The kidnapper was arrested and executed 4 years later.

关于林白案，我们能了解到什么？

A）林白是第一位独自飞行穿越太平洋的飞行员。

B）林白在自己的房屋边上放了一架自制的梯子。

C）绑匪残忍地杀死了林白的儿子。

D）绑匪于四年后被捕并被处死。

►定位：根据题干中的the Lindbergh case将答案定位到文章第二、三段。

►解析：本题问关于林白案我们能了解到什么。第二段和第三段讲述了林白案的前后经过，第三段首句提到，当小男孩在几英里以外的地方被发现时脑袋已经被碾碎了，整个国家为此感到震惊，由此可知，绑匪残忍地杀死了被绑架的孩子，即林白的儿子，故本题应选C。由第二段末句可知林白是独自飞行穿越大西洋的第一人，故排除A；由第二段首句可知，林白家旁边的梯子是绑匪放的，故排除B；由第三段末句可知，绑匪两年后被抓，四年后被处死，D项的说法也不准确，故排除。

59. What does the writer mean by saying "Kidnapping is an example of inflation" (Line 1, Para. 4)?

A) There are more and more kidnapping cases.

B) Kidnappers demand for more and more ransom.

C) Kidnappers make more and more mistakes.

D) Kidnappers are not paid as much as they require.

作者说“绑架还可以印证通货膨胀”（第四段，第一行）的意思是什么？

A）绑架案例越来越多。

B）绑匪要求越来越多的赎金。

C）绑匪犯的错误越来越多。

D）绑匪没有得到他们要求的那么多钱。

►定位：根据题干中的Line 1, Para. 4将答案定位到文章第四段。

►解析：题干中的句子位于第四段第一句，句子后面是冒号，表明冒号后面的内容是对这句话进行解释说明。后文提到，豪普特曼要求支付5万美元赎金，而1973年格蒂一家不得不支付130万英镑。B项所说的“绑匪要求越来越多的赎金”与这一意思一致，故为正确答案。如果考生知道inflation一词的意思，这道题就相对简单了。原文直译为“绑架证明了通货膨胀”，纵观四个选项，只有B项和D项与金钱相关，而D项所说的“绑匪没有得到他们要求的那么多钱”文中并未提及，故可以确定答案为B。

60. When the Hosein brothers kidnapped Muriel McKay ______.

A) they thought that they were kidnapping Mrs. Murdoch

B) they did not know that Mrs. Murdoch was an Australian

C) they did not know that Mrs. McKay had gone to Australia

D) they were paid a million pounds, but still killed the victim

当侯赛因兄弟绑架缪丽尔·麦凯时，______。

A）他们认为自己绑架的人是默多克夫人。

B）他们不知道默多克夫人是澳大利亚人。

C）他们不知道麦凯夫人已经去了澳大利亚。

D）他们拿到了一百万英镑的赎金，但还是杀害了受害者。

►定位：根据题干中的Hosein brothers和Muriel McKay将答案定位到文章第四段后半部分。

►解析：本题问的是侯赛因兄弟在绑架缪丽尔·麦凯时的状况。根据原文可知，侯赛因兄弟本想绑架默多克的家人对其进行勒索，但他们不知道默多克把车借给了麦凯先生，所以当他们绑架麦凯夫人时，他们以为自己绑架的是默多克夫人。选项A与这一意思一致，故为正确答案。B项和C项很容易排除，因为原文说默多克和夫人去了澳大利亚，并没有说他是澳大利亚人；而麦凯夫人被绑架了，并没有去澳大利亚。D项错在，文中只说侯赛因兄弟勒索百万英镑，但没有提到麦凯先生有没有付赎金，而且文章最后提到麦凯先生不知道麦凯夫人发生了什么，也就是说没有明确的证据证明麦凯夫人已经被杀了。

61. The writer suggests that the kidnapping victims and their relatives ______.

A) should consider themselves lucky to be alive

B) are usually left with no money at all

C) usually never recover completely

D) live in fear for the rest of their lives

作者暗示被绑架案的受害者及其亲属______。

A）应该庆幸自己还能活着

B）通常会失去所有的金钱

C）通常难以完全平复

D）会在恐惧中度过余生

►定位：根据题干中的kidnapping victims and their relatives以及出题顺序与文章顺序基本一致的原则将答案定位到最后一段。

►解析：本题问的是被绑架者及其亲属的情况。最后一段通过具体例子指出了绑架对受害者及其亲属的影响——他们的心理创伤永远不会恢复。通读选项可知，只有C项与这一意思相符，故为正确答案。A、B、D三项文中均未提及，故排除。

Passage Two

作为父母，我们希望自己的孩子可以将学习方面的潜力完全发挥出来。我们读书给他们听，鼓励他们培养自己的特长，并在他们遇到问题时支持他们。如果他们选择了从事音乐或者体育，我们也会帮他们在那些领域发挥最大潜能。这些都是美好的目标。

但是，还有一个更重要的目标。这个目标比在算术、足球或小提琴方面取得优异成绩难得多。父母有责任给予孩子一个道德准则。他们需要培养并珍视孩子的美德。每个孩子都有能力成为一个善良、正直的人。要实现这样的能力，孩子需要父母和其他大人的指导与支持。养育出善良、有道德的孩子是我们最重要的工作。

［62］什么样的人是善良、正直的人呢？也许我们的回答在一些细节上会有所不同，但大部分人都会认为，尊重他人、善良体贴、诚实正直、尊重生活是最重要的品质。善良、正直的人拥有坚定的方向感和目标感，也就是道德准则，来指引着他们的生活。孩子需要我们帮助他们培养出这些品质和价值观。

虽然大多数人都会尽量表现得正直、友善，但一直这样做很难，需要一生的努力。［63］善良对于成年人来说并不容易，对孩子来说就更加困难。他们没有相关的知识、经历以及认知能力来理解自己的行为可能产生的影响和后果。

［64］［62］有时，强化是培养积极行为的有效方法。当孩子的表现符合期望时，父母就给予强化。之后，这种表现通常会越来越频繁。［64］这个办法适用于教孩子说“请”和“谢谢”。因为它帮助孩子应对这个世界，所以这种新的行为就被保留了下来。

［66］爱和每天的互动是培养有道德的孩子的开端。在跌倒后得到大人关心的孩子学会了当别人绊倒时如何友善地对待他们。在犯错时被父母鼓励再试一次的孩子学会了如何去支持他人。当父母为孩子友善地调解矛盾时，孩子会明白友谊的基础。［66］当我们尊重并关爱孩子时，我们为他们树立了该如何表现的积极榜样。这些早期的经历决定了他们今后对待他人的模式。

【议论文：家长如何将孩子培养成为善良、正直的人】

第1段：介绍家长的美好目标。

第2段：提出论点——家长最重要的目标是将孩子培养为善良、正直的人。

第3段：具体说明善良、正直的人需要具备的品质。

第4段：善良、正直对孩子来说更为困难。

第5段：强化是培养积极行为的有效方法。

第6段：爱和互动在培养孩子成为有道德的人的过程中的作用

62. Children will become good, decent human beings if adults ______.

A) encourage their children to learn more about sports or music

B) help their children to develop their special talents

C) support their children when they have problems

D) reinforce positive behavior through everyday interactions

如果成年人______，孩子就会成为善良、正直的人。

A）鼓励孩子学习更多体育或音乐知识

B）帮助孩子发展他们的特殊才能

C）当孩子遇到问题时支持他们

D）在每日互动中强化积极行为

►定位：根据题干中的good和decent human beings首先将答案定位到第三段。

►解析：本题问的是家长怎么做才能让孩子成为善良、正直的人。读完第三段可知，这段主要讲的是什么样的人是善良、正直的人，并没有提到家长要如何做，因此答案要在下文中找。直到第五段文章才提到，强化是培养积极行为的有效方法。D项所说的“在每日互动中强化积极行为”与原文意思一致，故为正确答案。其他三项均出现在第一段，而第一段还没有进入文章主题，故排除。

63. Why is it difficult for a child to act with honor and kindness?

A) Because it is difficult for adults to do so.

B) Because a child is not mature enough to do so.

C) Because a child does not understand the abstract concept of "goodness".

D) Because a child does not have a model to follow.

对于孩子来说，为什么做到正直而友善并不容易？

A）因为成年人很难做到这样。

B）因为孩子还不够成熟来做到这样。

C）因为孩子不理解“善良”的抽象含义。

D）因为孩子没有效仿的榜样。

►定位：根据题干中的act with honor and kindness将答案定位到第四段。

►解析：本题问的是为什么对孩子来说做到正直并且友善并不容易。第四段第二句提到，善良对于成年人来说并不容易，对孩子来说就更加困难。接着解释了原因——他们没有相关的知识、经历以及认知能力来理解自己的行为可能产生的影响和后果。分析选项可知，只有B项“孩子还不够成熟来做到这样”与这一意思最为接近。正是由于孩子不够成熟，认识不到自己的行为可能带来什么样的影响，所以他们很难做到正直和友善，故B项为正确答案。原文提到，善良对于成年人来说并不容易，对孩子来说就更加困难，两句话之间是递进关系，不是因果关系，故A项错误。C项和D项文中均未提及。

64. Why does the author talk about teaching "Please" and "Thank you"?

A) To demonstrate that saying "Please" and "Thank you" is a good habit.

B) To demonstrate that politeness is the nature of a moral compass.

C) To demonstrate that politeness helps the child get along in the world.

D) To demonstrate that reinforcement is an efficient approach to building positive behavior.

为什么作者谈到教孩子说“请”和“谢谢”？

A）为了证明说“请”和“谢谢”是个好习惯。

B）为了证明礼貌是道德准则的本质。

C）为了证明礼貌帮助孩子适应世界。

D）为了证明强化教育是培养积极行为的有效方法。

►定位：根据题干中的“Please”和“Thank you”将答案定位到第五段。

►解析：本题问作者为什么谈到教孩子说“请”和“谢谢”。第五段提到，强化是培养积极行为的有效方法。如果父母对孩子好的表现进行强化，这种表现就会越来越频繁。然后，作者举例说这个办法适用于教孩子说“请”和“谢谢”，因为它帮孩子应对这个世界，所以这种行为保留了下来。由此可见，作者谈到教孩子说“请”和“谢谢”是想用它来证明强化可以有效地培养积极行为这一论点，故D项正确。A项虽然从常识来看是正确的，但是文中并未提及，故排除。B项文中也未提及。文中虽然提到了说“请”和“谢谢”可以帮助孩子应对这个世界，但这并不是作者举这个例子的目的，作者只是为了说明这种行为是积极的，C项也可排除。

65. What conclusion can we draw from the passage?

A) Every child without exception will become a good, decent human being.

B) There's a universally accepted criteria for "a good, decent human being".

C) The more reinforcement, the more the child behaves in a positive way.

D) The child with a single parent will not become a good, decent human being.

从文章中我们可以得出什么结论？

A）每个孩子都将无一例外地成为善良、正直的人。

B）对于什么样的人才是善良、正直的，人们有一个普遍接受的标准。

C）强化越多，孩子的行为越积极。

D）单亲家庭的孩子不会成为善良、正直的人。

►定位：由题干可知本题需要读完全文，且对文章内容有较好的把握。

►解析：本题问由文章可以得出什么结论。观察四个选项，A项“每个孩子都将无一例外地成为善良、正直的人”以及D项“单亲家庭的孩子不会成为善良、正直的人”都过于绝对，一般来说不会是正确答案，而且这两个选项的确与文章大意不符，故排除。文章第三段开头提到“什么样的人是善良、正直的人呢？也许我们的回答在一些细节上会有所不同，但大部分人都会认为，尊重他人、善良体贴、诚实正直、尊重生活是最重要的品质”。虽然大部分人对于人的重要品质意见一致，但这并不是B项所说的“对于什么样的人才是善良、正直的人，人们有一个普遍接受的标准”，故排除。选项C“强化越多，孩子的行为越积极”与第五段内容一致，故为正确答案。

66. What is the purpose of the last paragraph?

A) To emphasize the importance of adults' concern when a child fails.

B) To show how to guide children to develop friendship.

C) To explain why adults should treat children with respect and care.

D) To show how love and everyday interactions work in molding a moral child.

最后一段的意图是什么？

A）为了强调成年人在孩子受到挫败时给予孩子关心的重要性。

B）为了表明指导孩子培养友谊的方法。

C）为了解释为什么成年人应该用尊重和爱护来对待孩子。

D）为了表明爱和日常的互动如何能够帮助孩子培养道德。

►定位：根据题干中的the last paragraph将答案定位到最后一段。

►解析：最后一段第一句指出，“爱和每天的互动是培养有道德的孩子的开端”。之后举例证明了爱和日常的互动是如何帮助父母将自己的孩子培养为有道德的人的。由此可知，D项正确。其他三个选项中的内容最后一段都有涉及，但都只是具体的例子，并不全面，故排除。

Part V　Cloze

你知道“声音”和“噪音”的区别吗？

“噪音”是人们不愿听到的声音，比如那种由飞机、车辆或工业机器等产生的声音。你也许听到过人们说“饭店里噪音太大，我几乎不能听到你说话”或是“噪音快要把我给逼疯了”。“噪音”被认为是一种污染。在人口密集的地区，噪音污染处于最糟糕的状态。它能导致人们听力丧失、压力变大、血压升高、失眠、注意力分散和生产力的丧失。

“声音”是你所听到的任何东西。例如，你听到的人们交谈和歌唱的声音，音乐、风声、玻璃破碎的声音……声音以声波的形式以每小时1100英尺的速度传播。声音是物体以耳朵能察觉到的速率进行振动而产生的。这一速率被称为频率，并以赫兹（每秒钟振动次数）来测量。

大多数人能听到频率在20赫兹到20000赫兹之间的声音，而狗能听到高达50000赫兹的高频率声音。虽然高频率声音往往更加危险，并且听起来比低频率声音更加令人心烦，大多数噪音污染危害与声音的强度有关。噪音强度是用分贝来计量的，范围从人耳能察觉到的最安静的声音0分贝到160分贝以上。谈话的声音是大约是40分贝，一辆地铁列车的声音是80分贝左右，一场摇滚音乐会的声音在80到100分贝之间。附近的一架喷气式飞机起飞时的声音强度大约是110分贝。能使人遭受痛苦、导致身体组织损害以及可能会使人丧失听力的极限分贝是120分贝。

“噪音”通常音量很大，但并不总是如此。对于那些在机场想看飞机起落的乘客来说，尽管声音很大，但那并不是多大的噪音。然而，如果你在图书馆看书时有两个人在你后面低声交谈，尽管并没有多大声音，你都会觉得他们很吵。

针对噪音污染的解决方法包括：给门、墙和天花板增加隔音和防音材料；使用保护听力的用具，特别是在工业生产区域；种植吸收和屏蔽噪音污染的植物；划分城市区域，保持住宅区和噪音过多的区域相分离。

第1段：以问句引出话题——噪音与声音的区别何在。

第2段：给噪音下定义，指出噪音污染的危害。

第3段：给声音下定义，声音是如何产生的，以及声音频率的概念。

第4段：介绍人类能够忍受的声音频率和声音强度。

第5段：指出噪音不一定是很大的声音，依不同的情形而定。

第6段：提出预防噪音污染的措施。

67. A

语境分析：本空位于第二段的第一句。本句大意是“噪音是人们不愿听到的声音，比如由飞机、车辆、工业机器等产生的______”。根据选项可知，这里缺少一个指代sound的代词，故排除which和what；又因为sound是不可数名词，故选A。

词义分析：本题主要考查代词的用法。that指代单数名词和不可数名词；those指代复数名词；which是关系代词，前面要有先行词，不能直接放在such as后；what相当于the thing which，它必须与后面的成分构成句子。

68. B

语境分析：本空位于第二段的第二句。本句大意是“你也许听到过人们说……”，符合此语境的只有B项。

词义分析：find“找到，发现”；hear“听到”；perceive“感知”；sense“感觉到”。

69. D

语境分析：本空位于第二段的第二句。该处大意是“饭店里噪音太大，我______能听到你说话”。从逻辑上来看，此处需要填一个表示否定意义的词，故应在B、D两项之间做出选择。

词义分析：really“真正地”；rarely“不经常地；少见地”，强调频率；normally“正常地；通常地”；hardly“几乎不”，侧重能力方面，用在此处表示“我几乎不能听见你说话”，符合语境，故为正确答案。

70. C

语境分析：本空位于第二段的第四句。本句大意为“在人口密集的地区，噪音污染______”。结合下一句的cause hearing loss, stress...以及选项可知，此处想表达人口多的地区噪音污染最严重，故选C。

词义分析：at its best“处于最好的状态”；at its worst“处于最糟糕的状态”；at its end“在结束处”；at its most不能构成搭配。

71. A

语境分析：本空位于第三段的第二句。第一句指出“‘声音’是你所听到的任何东西”，很明显第二句中的“你听到的人们交谈和歌唱的声音，音乐、风声、玻璃破碎的声音……”都是具体的声音的例子，故选A。

词义分析：for example“例如”；in addition“此外”；such as“例如，比如”，一般插在被列举的事物与前面的名词之间，as后面不可有逗号；as a result“因此”。

72. D

语境分析：本空位于第三段的第二句，由空后的内容可知，本句是要表达“声音以声波的形式以每小时1100英尺的速度传播”，声音的“传播”应该用动词travel来表达，故本题选D。

词义分析：move“移动，运动”；transport“运输”；convey“传递，传送；传达”，为及物动词；travel“传播；旅游”。

73. D

语境分析：本空位于第三段的第四句。由后一句出现的This rate...可知，此处也应填rate，属于原词复现。本句意为“声音是物体以耳朵能察觉的速率进行振动而产生的”。

词义分析：pace“速度；步伐”；speed“速度”；rhythm“节奏，韵律”；rate“比率；速度”。

74. B

语境分析：本空位于第三段的第五句。该句大意是“这一速率被称为频率，并以Hertz来测量”。由物理知识或后面的vibrations per second可知，Hertz是频率的单位。因此可知本题选B，be measured in＋测量单位的复数形式表示“以……来测量”。另外，由第四段中出现的measured in decibels也可判断出此处选B。

词义分析：with“和，用”；in“以，按”；by“通过”，表示方式；for“为了”。

75. C

语境分析：本空位于文章第四段的第一句。该句意为“大多数人能听到频率在20赫兹到20000赫兹之间的声音，______狗能听到高达50000赫兹的高频率声音”。很明显前后两个分句之间是对比关系，故选C。

词义分析：since“既然”；even“甚至”；while“而”；then“然后”。

76. A

语境分析：本空位于第四段的第三句。由空格后的from zero和over 160 decibels可推测，本句是在说明噪音强度可以达到的范围。结合选项可知，本题应选A，表示“在……的范围内变动”。

词义分析：range“在……的范围内变动”；change“改变”；shift“改变”；switch“转换，转变”。

77. D

语境分析：本空位于第四段的第三句。由上题的分析可知，本空所在句是在说明耳朵的听力范围，from zero to over 160 decibels即“从零分贝到超过160分贝”，而根据常识可推断零分贝是耳朵所能察觉到的最小的声音了，表示耳朵可以“察觉”到，应该用动词detect，即D选项。另外，第73空所在句子曾出现过the ear can detect的表述，因此此处的detect属于原词复现的情况。

词义分析：notice“注意到”；observe“观察到”；check“检查，核对”；detect“察觉；检测”。

78. D

语境分析：本空位于第四段的第四句。本空所在句举出具体实例说明不同场景下声音的分贝大小，交谈时分贝大约为40，地铁分贝大约80，而摇滚音乐会的分贝大约从80到100。显然此处应为from...to...的介词搭配形式，意为“从……到……”。

词义分析：beyond“超越，超过”；up to“达，总计”；over“超过”；from“从”。

79. A

语境分析：本空位于第四段的第五句。第四句讲述了交谈、地铁、摇滚音乐会的分贝数。由第五句的is about 110 decibels可知，该句在承接上句，讲述附近的一架喷气式飞机______时的声音强度。结合选项可知，此处选A，即“喷气式飞机起飞时的声音强度”。

词义分析：taking off“起飞”；putting off“脱掉”；giving off“发出（蒸汽、光等）”；getting off“下来；动身”。

80. B

语境分析：本空位于第五段的第一句。句中的but提示我们，but后的内容是对前面内容的转折，因此可推测该句想表达的是“噪音通常音量很大，但也并不总是如此”，故选B。

词义分析：such“这样的”，常修饰名词；so“（指刚说过的事物）这样，如此”；as“与……一样”；this“这个”。

81. C

语境分析：本空位于第五段的第二句。本句考查定语从句关系代词的用法。由空格后的从句want to see the planes taking off and landing（想看飞机起飞和降落）可以推断，此处的定语从句修饰的是passengers，故选C。

词义分析：where“哪里”，用作关系副词时指代场所；those“那些”，不能用作关系词；who“谁”，用作关系代词时指代人；why“为什么”，用作关系副词时表示原因。

82. D

语境分析：本空位于第五段的第三句。第二句指出，当乘客想看飞机起落时，尽管声音很大，但是并不觉得是多大的噪音。第三句说的是如果你在图书馆看书时有两个人在你后面低语交谈，你都会觉得他们很吵。由此可以看出，两句之间是转折关系，故选D。

词义分析：moreover“而且，此外”；therefore“因此”；though“尽管；不过；然而”，作连词时引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管”；作副词时意为“不过；然而”，必须放在句子末尾，且用逗号将其与前面内容隔开。

83. A

语境分析：本空位于第五段的第三句，仍在说明图书馆的例子。空格前的句子说你会感觉他们的交谈很吵，而空格后的句子说“并没有多大声音”，因此可知两个分句是转折关系，故选A。

词义分析：even if“即使，尽管”；as if“好像……似的”；in case“万一；以免”；now that“既然，由于”。

84. D

语境分析：本空位于第六段的开头。此题考查固定搭配。由include后面的一系列防噪音污染措施可知，主语应该是“针对噪音污染的解决方法”，故此处选D，solution to sth.表示“……的解决方法”。

词义分析：for“为了”；about“关于”；in“在……内”；to“向；对于”。

85. B

语境分析：本空位于第六段的中间。该段开头部分指出了一般的防噪音措施，即使用隔音的门、墙和天花板；而空格所在分句给出了另一个方案，即“使用保护听力的用具，______在工业生产区域”。结合选项可知，此处选B，表示“特别地，特别是”。

词义分析：essentially“主要地”；particularly“特别是，特别地”；obviously“明显地”；similarly“相似地”。

86. C

语境分析：本空位于第六段的最后一个分句。该分句仍然在讨论防噪音措施，大意是“要在城区划分区域，将住宅区与______噪音的区域隔开”。四个选项中只有C符合题意，表示“过多的，过量的”。

词义分析：expensive“昂贵的”；aggressive“侵略性的”；excessive“过多的，过量的”；progressive“进步的，前进的”。

Part VI　Translation

87. in pursuit of profit

【考查点】词汇：profit

短语：in pursuit of

【随学随练】______ (在追求财富时), many people have become inconsiderate and selfish.

88. only to find he had gone abroad two days before

【考查点】短语：go abroad

句型：only to do引导结果状语

【随学随练】Many reporters hurried to the airport, ____________________________________________ (结果被告知那位超级明星已经离开了).

89. should a child be deprived / stripped of the right to be educated

【考查点】短语：be deprived of sth., be stripped of sth., the right to do sth.

句型：at no time位于句首，句子部分倒装

【随学随练】At no time _______________________________________ (应该剥夺我们知道真相的权利).

90. to promote friendship with the third-world countries

【考查点】词汇：promote

句型：It is...to do...

【随学随练】It is a government policy __________________________________ (促进社会的效率与公平).

91. the apple would not fall onto the ground

【考查点】短语：fall onto

句型：虚拟条件句的倒装

【随学随练】Were he judged merely as a social recorder, _________________________________________ (他不会在艺术史中有一个特殊的位置).

大学英语四级考试

模拟试题三

COLLEGE ENGLISH TEST

— Band Four —

试　题　册

注意事项

一、将自己的校名、姓名、准考证号写在答题卡1和答题卡2上。将本试卷代号划在答题卡2上。

二、试卷册、答题卡1和答题卡2均不得带出考场。考试结束，监考员收卷后考生才可离开。

三、仔细读懂题目的说明。

四、在30分钟内做完答题卡1上的作文题。30分钟后，考生按指令启封试题册，在接着的15分钟内完成快速阅读理解部分的试题。然后监考员收取答题卡1，考生在答题卡2上完成其余部分的试题。全部答题时间为125分钟，不得拖延时间。

五、考生必须在答题卡上作答，凡是写在试题册上的答案一律无效。

六、多项选择题每题只能选一个答案；如多选，则该题无分。选定答案后，用HB-2B浓度的铅笔在相应字母的中部划一条横线。

正确方法是：［A］［C］［D］。

使用其他符号答题者不给分。划线要有一定的粗度，浓度要盖过字母底色。

七、如果要改动答案，必须先用橡皮擦净原来选定的答案，然后再按规定重新答题。

八、在考试过程中要注意对自己的答案保密。若被他人抄袭，一经发现，后果自负。

Part I　Writing　(30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to one of your friends who is going to study in a university soon. Write and tell him/her about the differences between college and high school study and your adaptation to the new environment. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words following the outline given below in Chinese:

1．简要说明大学与中学学习的不同之处（自主性、教学方法、学习目标、学习科目等）；

2．讲述你在适应新的大学学习环境方面的经验。

Part II　Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)　(15 minutes)

Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1－7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8－10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.

Beauty and Body Image in the Media

Images of female bodies are everywhere. Women—and their body parts—sell everything from food to cars. Popular film and television actresses are becoming younger, taller and thinner. Some have even been known to faint on the set from lack of food. Women's magazines are full of articles urging that if they can just lose those last twenty pounds, they'll have it all—the perfect marriage, loving children, great sex, and a rewarding career.

Why are standards of beauty being imposed on women, the majority of whom are naturally larger and more mature than any of the models? The roots, some analysts say, are economic. By presenting an ideal difficult to achieve and maintain, the cosmetic and diet product industries are assured of growth and profits. And it's no accident that youth is increasingly promoted, along with thinness, as an essential criterion of beauty. If not all women need to lose weight, for sure they're all aging, says the Quebec Action Network for Women's Health in its 2001 report. And, according to the industry, age is a disaster that needs to be dealt with.

The stakes are huge. On the one hand, women who are insecure about their bodies are more likely to buy beauty products, new clothes, and diet aids. It is estimated that the diet industry alone is worth anywhere between 40 to 100 billion (U.S.) a year selling temporary weight loss (90% to 95% of dieters regain the lost weight). On the other hand, research indicates that exposure to images of thin, young, air-brushed female bodies is linked to depression, loss of self-esteem and the development of unhealthy eating habits in women and girls.

The American research group Anorexia Nervosa & Related Eating Disorders, Inc. says that one out of every four college-aged women uses unhealthy methods of weight control—including fasting, skipping meals, excessive exercise, laxative (泻药) abuse, and self-induced vomiting. The pressure to be thin is also affecting young girls: the Canadian Women's Health Network warns that weight control measures are now being taken by girls as young as 5 and 6. American statistics are similar. Several studies, such as one conducted by Marika Tiggemann and Levina Clark in 2006 titled "Appearance Culture in 9- to 12-Year-Old Girls: Media and Peer Influences on Body Dissatisfaction," indicate that nearly half of all preadolescent girls wish to be thinner, and as a result have engaged in a diet or are aware of the concept of dieting. In 2003, Teen magazine reported that 35 percent of girls 6 to 12 years old have been on at least one diet, and that 50 to 70 percent of normal weight girls believe they are overweight. Overall research indicates that 90% of women are dissatisfied with their appearance in some way.

Media activist Jean Kilbourne concludes that, "Women are sold to the diet industry by the magazines we read and the television programs we watch, almost all of which make us feel anxious about our weight."

Unattainable Beauty

Perhaps the most disturbing is the fact that media images of female beauty are unattainable for all but a very small number of women. Researchers generating a computer model of a woman with Barbie-doll proportions, for example, found that her back would be too weak to support the weight of her upper body, and her body would be too narrow to contain more than half a liver and a few centimeters of bowel. A real woman built that way would suffer from chronic diarrhea (慢性腹泻) and eventually die from malnutrition. Jill Barad, President of Mattel (which manufactures Barbie), estimated that 99% of girls aged 3 to 10 years old own at least one Barbie doll.

Still, the number of real life women and girls who seek a similarly underweight body is epidemic, and they can suffer equally devastating health consequences. In 2006 it was estimated that up to 450, 000 Canadian women were affected by an eating disorder.

The Culture of Thinness

Researchers report that women's magazines have ten and one-half times more ads and articles promoting weight loss than men's magazines do, and over three-quarters of the covers of women's magazines include at least one message about how to change a woman's bodily appearance—by diet, exercise or cosmetic surgery.

Television and movies reinforce the importance of a thin body as a measure of a woman's worth. Canadian researcher Gregory Fouts reports that over three-quarters of the female characters in TV situation comedies are underweight, and only one in twenty are above average in size. Heavier actresses tend to receive negative comments from male characters about their bodies ("How about wearing a sack?"), and 80 percent of these negative comments are followed by canned audience laughter.

There have been efforts in the magazine industry to buck (抵制，反抗) the trend. For several years the Quebec magazine Coup de Pouce has consistently included full-sized women in their fashion pages and Châtelaine has pledged not to touch up photos and not to include models less than 25 years of age. In Madrid, one of the world's biggest fashion capitals, ultra-thin models were banned from the runway in 2006. Furthermore Spain has recently undergone a project with the aim to standardize clothing sizes through using a unique process in which a laser beam is used to measure real life women's bodies in order to find the most true to life measurement.

Another issue is the representation of ethnically diverse women in the media. A 2008 study conducted by Juanita Covert and Travis Dixon titled "A Changing View: Representation and Effects of the Portrayal of Women of Color in Mainstream Women's Magazines" found that although there was an increase in the representation of women of colour, overall white women were overrepresented in mainstream women's magazines from 1999 to 2004.

Self-Improvement or Self-Destruction?

The barrage of messages about thinness, dieting and beauty tells "ordinary" women that they are always in need of adjustment—and that the female body is an object to be perfected.

Jean Kilbourne argues that the overwhelming presence of media images of painfully thin women means that real women's bodies have become invisible in the mass media. The real tragedy, Kilbourne concludes, is that many women internalize these stereotypes, and judge themselves by the beauty industry's standards. Women learn to compare themselves to other women, and to compete with them for male attention. This focus on beauty and desirability "effectively destroys any awareness and action that might help to change that climate."

1. Women's magazines are full of articles to urge women to ______.

A) eat less sweet food

B) lose weight

C) marry a rich husband

D) have at least two kids

2. The cosmetic and diet product industries gain profits by ______.

A) exaggerating the goodness about their products

B) targeting at children and women

C) presenting an ideal image difficult to achieve

D) distributing free samples from home to home

3. Canadian Women's Health Network warns that weight control measures are now being taken by girls ______.

A) at age 5 or 6

B) at age 9 or 10

C) at age 13 or 14

D) at age 16 or 17

4. In 2003, Teen magazine reported that ______ percent of normal weight girls believe they are overweight.

A) 35 to 50

B) 50

C) 50 to 70

D) 90

5. Researchers found that a real woman with Barbie-doll proportions would ______.

A) suffer from heart disease

B) be very popular with males

C) live a more rewarding life

D) die from malnutrition

6. Television and movies emphasize that a woman's worth can be judged by ______.

A) the cosmetics she uses

B) the jewelry she wears

C) the thinness of her body

D) the wealth of her husband

7. Spain has recently undergone a project to ______.

A) include full-sized women in its fashion magazines

B) standardize clothing sizes

C) ban ultra-thin models from the runway

D) promote weight loss among men

8. In mainstream women's magazines from 1999 to 2004, ______________ were overrepresented.

9. Jean Kilbourne concludes that many women judge themselves by _______________________.

10. The focus on ___________________ destroys any awareness and action that might help to change the trend.

Part III　Listening Comprehension　(35 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

11. A) She has read the book and doesn't need it anymore.

B) She will not lend her book to the man.

C) The man can use her book whenever he likes.

D) The man can borrow the book at a convenient time.

12. A) She wants to find a roommate with similar interests.

B) She changes roommates often.

C) She does not know Julie very well.

D) She did not really enjoy living with Julie.

13. A) The man is glad to lend the woman money to buy a computer.

B) The woman should wait a while before buying a computer.

C) The woman should find a better way to invest her savings.

D) The woman should buy a computer.

14. A) He prefers to live off campus.

B) There are advantages and disadvantages of living off campus.

C) Living space in the dorm is too crowded.

D) There are a limited number of apartments available off campus.

15. A) He has to pick up his brother at the airport.

B) He doesn't have any definite plans for the weekend.

C) He usually works on weekends with his brother.

D) His brother is still on the plane.

16. A) He is not upset that they ate lunch.

B) He did not know what time he was supposed to arrive.

C) He expected the traffic to be bad.

D) He will be happy to share their dessert.

17. A) Ask for directions.

B) Try a different route to the beach.

C) Go back for the map.

D) Postpone their trip until later.

18. A) The costumes weren't as good as the scenery.

B) The scenery could have been more realistic.

C) She wishes she had not seen the play.

D) She didn't enjoy the students' performance.

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

19. A) Their plans for the next semester.

B) Why the woman can't go to the concert.

C) Their favorite band.

D) A psychology class.

20. A) Work at the bookstore.

B) Go to the movies.

C) Cover a friend's shift.

D) Go to a concert.

21. A) The woman never works on weekends.

B) The man and the woman take the same courses.

C) Matt would like to go to the concert too.

D) The new psychology book might sell out.

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

22. A) Play basketball with friends from work.

B) Try out for the company baseball team.

C) Get in shape and compete in a cycling race.

D) Enjoy a TV play while having snacks.

23. A) Her husband's spending too much time away from home.

B) Her husband's passion for sports.

C) Her husband's health condition.

D) Her husband's diet habits.

24. A) He should see a doctor.

B) He should start with a light workout.

C) He should abandon the idea.

D) He should lose some weight.

25. A) He has been an active basketball player throughout the years.

B) He has been exercising under a fitness instructor's guidance.

C) He has a fairly healthful diet habit.

D) He has a loving and caring wife.

Section B

Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.

26. A) It was about the ban on wearing jewelry made from ivory.

B) It passed an international law to cease illegal hunting of elephants.

C) It announced that it should be illegal to make any transactions of ivory.

D) It was aimed at promoting the welfare of African peasants and workers.

27. A) Illegal hunting of elephants was prohibited.

B) The number of elephants fell by 700,000.

C) Many African farmers or factory workers hunted elephants.

D) Over 100 countries sold jewelry made from the tusks of elephants.

28. A) To stabilize the elephant population.

B) To protect the environment.

C) To relieve the burden on the local people.

D) To improve the international agreement.

Passage Two

Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.

29. A) Important keys to recycling.

B) The importance of technology for recycling.

C) Guidelines for paper recycling.

D) Raising the public environmental awareness.

30. A) The public would try to gain information for recycling by various means.

B) The public would lose interest in recycling gradually.

C) The public would not be affected by the lack of a system.

D) The public would teach and learn from each other about recycling.

31. A) To set up sites for collecting recycled materials.

B) To teach the public how to separate various kinds of recycled materials.

C) To make policies favorable for upgrading equipment for recycling.

D) To increase the demand for recycled materials.

Passage Three

Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.

32. A) Writing book reports.

B) Reading magazine articles.

C) Selecting information sources.

D) Writing research papers.

33. A) Stealing other people's ideas.

B) Turning in the assignment late.

C) Giving credit to the original author.

D) Gathering irrelevant information.

34. A) Inexperienced students.

B) People doing research.

C) Some teachers.

D) Magazine publishers.

35. A) In direct quotations.

B) In short phrases.

C) In shorthand.

D) In the student's own words.

Section C

Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.

Job seekers in Britain say employers are paying less attention to (36) __________ degrees and certificates. They are making their own (37) __________ exams to test ability. They are concerned about decreasing (38) __________ of job seekers, because many university graduates with good degrees have shown a terrible inability to spell, and work out simple (39) __________.

The chairman of the Standing Conference of Employers of Graduates, told our (40) __________: "We don't look at the pieces of paper (41) __________ in to us, but we look at the people with real abilities." A senior (42) __________ with the Bank of England said that many companies were making their own (43) __________ tests so they could be sure that candidates were the right people for the job.

In the Civil Service, (44) _________________________________________________________. Forged certificates, printed in Germany, have been discovered recently. (45) _________________________________________________________________________. Making fake degrees has also become a highly profitable business. (46) _________________________________________________. Some so-called "universities" and "colleges" are even selling these attractive diplomas.

Part IV　Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)　(25 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the banks more than once.

Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.

The economic costs of noise are several. Airports are currently operating at less than 　 47　 because of noise regulations which restrict their hours of operation. For instance, at Washington's National Airport no jet traffic is allowed from 11 p.m. to 7 a.m. Other airports restrict the use of certain runway. One estimate is that noise 　48　 reduce possible airport use by 20 percent.

The 　49　 cargo trade is especially affected by night restrictions.

In the case of airports, jet engines may be 　50　 to reduce their noise level, or insulation from air traffic noise may be provided by the purchase of land around airports or the insulation of buildings. One estimate is that $5.7 billion would be required to 　51　 all existing jet engines with noise control devices. However, 　52　 the current state of the art, even taking this step will not reduce noise levels at all points to 　53　 values. Some combination of methods is probably necessary.

If all aircraft were made quieter by existing methods, there would be a number of economic benefits. An increase in airport capacity would 　54　. Property values near airports might rise. Transportation costs to and from airports could be reduced since the airports now could be located closer to population center.

Much research still needs to be done on the economic 　55　 of noise reduction and noise effects. Although some of the effects of noise pollution are known, more must be discovered about its effects on health, productivity, property values and the quality of life. 　56　, the cost of noise pollution control to the economy as a whole needs to be investigated.

A) identification

B) equip

C) profitable

D) capacity

E) pollution

F) restrictions

G) transformed

H) significant

I) furthermore

J) acceptable

K) modified

L) accordingly

M) considering

N) occur

O) aspects

Section B

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.

Most people can remember a phone number for up to thirty seconds. When this short amount of time elapses, however, the numbers are erased from the memory. How did the information get there in the first place? Information that makes its way to the short term memory (STM) does so via the sensory storage area. The brain has a filter which only allows stimuli that is of immediate interest to pass on to the STM, also known as the working memory.

There is much debate about the capacity and duration of the short term memory. The most accepted theory comes from George A. Miller, a cognitive psychologist who suggested that humans can remember approximately seven chunks of information. A chunk is defined as a meaningful unit of information, such as a word or name rather than just a letter or number. Modern theorists suggest that one can increase the capacity of the short term memory by chunking, or classifying similar information together. By organizing information, one can optimize the STM, and improve the chances of a memory being passed on to long term storage.

When making a conscious effort to memorize something, such as information for an exam, many people engage in "rote rehearsal". By repeating something over and over again, we are able to keep a memory alive. Unfortunately, this type of memory maintenance only succeeds if there are no interruptions. As soon as a person stops rehearsing the information, it has the tendency to disappear. When a pen and paper are not handy, you might attempt to remember a phone number by repeating it aloud. If the doorbell rings or the dog barks to come in before you get the opportunity to make your phone call, you will forget the number instantly. Therefore, rote rehearsal is not an efficient way to pass information from the short term to long term memory. A better way is to practice "elaborate rehearsal". This involves assigning semantic meaning to a piece of information so that it can be filed along with other preexisting long term memories.

Encoding information semantically also makes it more retrievable. Retrieving information can be done by recognition or recall. Humans can recall memories that are stored in the long term memory and used often. However, if a memory seems to be forgotten, it may eventually be retrieved by prompting. The more cues a person is given (such as pictures), the more likely a memory can be retrieved. This is why multiple choice tests are often used for subjects that require a lot of memorization.

57. According to the passage, how do memories get transferred to the STM?

A) They stem from the long term memory.

B) They are filtered from the sensory storage area.

C) They get rearranged when they enter the brain.

D) They enter STM via the nervous system.

58. How can a person remember more information in a short time according to modern theorists?

A) By organizing it.

B) By repeating it.

C) By giving it a name.

D) By writing it down on paper.

59. Why does the author mention a dog's bark?

A) To exemplify poor memory.

B) To analyze a type of interruption.

C) To compare human memory with dogs' memory.

D) To illustrate the lack of efficiency of rote rehearsal.

60. Which of the following is true about retrieving information?

A) Elaborate rehearsal contributes to information retrieval.

B) The most efficient way of retrieving information is to assign semantic meaning to the information.

C) It's impossible to retrieve forgotten information without picture prompts.

D) Encoding information is more efficient than chunking it.

61. Which of the following is true according to the passage?

A) One's memory capacity can be enhanced by rote rehearsal.

B) Putting information down is suggested to improve memory.

C) Providing sufficient prompts helps information retrieval.

D) Multiple choice exams are the most difficult.

Passage Two

Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.

Before, whenever we had wealth, we started discussing poverty. Why not now? Why is the current politics of wealth and poverty seemingly about wealth alone? Eight years ago, when Bill Clinton first ran for president, the Dow Jones average was under 3,500, yearly federal budget deficits were projected at hundreds of billions of dollars forever and beyond, and no one talked about the "permanent boom" or the "new economy". Yet in that more straitened time, Clinton made much of the importance of "not leaving a single person behind". It is possible that similar "compassionate" rhetoric might yet play a role in the general election.

But it is striking how much less talk there is about the poor than there was eight years ago, when the country was economically uncertain, or in previous eras, when the country felt flush. Even last summer, when Clinton spent several days on a remarkable tour through impoverished areas from Indian reservations in South Dakota to ghetto neighborhoods in East St. Louis, the administration decided to refer to the effort not as a poverty tour but as a "new markets initiative".

What is happening is partly a logical, policy-driven reaction. Poverty really is lower than it has been in decades, especially for minority groups. The most attractive solution to it—a growing economy—is being applied. The people who have been totally left out of this boom often have medical, mental or other problems for which no one has an immediate solution."The economy has sucked in anyone who has any preparation, any ability to cope with modern life," says Franklin D. Raines, the former director of the Office of Management and Budget who is now head of Fannie Mae. When he and other people who specialize in the issue talk about solutions, they talk analytically and long-term: education, development of work skills, shifts in the labor market, adjustments in welfare reform.

But I think there is another force that has made this a rich era with barely visible poor people. It is the unusual social and imaginative separation between prosperous America and those still left out. It's simple invisibility, because of increasing geographic, occupational, and social barriers that block one group from the other's view.

62. In the first paragraph, the word "straitened" means ______.

A) difficult

B) wealthy

C) distant

D) straightforward

63. The author states that one important reason why we do not talk much about poverty is that ______.

A) no one knows what to do about it

B) poverty really is lower than in the past

C) no one has been left out of the current boom

D) the president is not concerned about the poor

64. After reading this passage, we can conclude that ______.

A) the relationship between the rich and the poor has changed

B) the good economy will soon end

C) we should pay more attention to poverty

D) all people benefit from good economic conditions

65. What is the author's purpose in writing this passage?

A) To entertain.

B) To tell a story.

C) To describe.

D) To persuade.

66. The main idea of the passage is that ______.

A) the country is enjoying economic growth

B) the poor are benefiting from today's good economy

C) we were more aware of the poor in the past than we are today

D) there were many more poor people in the past than there are today

Part V　Cloze　(15 minutes)

Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Part Ⅵ　Translation　(5 minutes)

Directions: Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets. Please write your translation on Answer Sheet 2.

87. When asked about the key to her success, Rowling told the journalist that her parents had played an important role by ___________________________________ (使她在很小的年纪就接触文学).

88. While many people know that money is not the most important thing in the world, I suspect ____________________________________ (并不是每个人都能抵制住追求金钱的诱惑).

89. ____________________________________ (只是最近我才意识到) that language is closely related to culture.

90. It's time that ___________________________________________________________ (对市中心的交通问题采取措施).

91. She kept her parents in suspense for several days ________________________________________ (才告诉父母她得到了奖学金).

大学英语四级考试模拟试题三详解

Part I　Writing

Dear Zhang Hong,

Congratulations on your admission into Renmin University of China.① Here I'd like to share with you some of my experience and opinions about college study.②

College study differs greatly from high school in the following aspects.③ Firstly, university allows students more freedom and expects them to take responsibility for their own decisions, actions and lifestyles.④ The second major difference lies in the way of teaching.⑤ We were supposed to memorize a lot in high school while university professors aim to develop students' critical thinking and practical skills. Of course, different teaching approaches and focuses lead to different learning strategies in university.

I remember having a hard time adapting to the new environment in the first semester.⑥ In order to meet the course requirements and deadlines, I set up my own schedule and stick to it. Whenever we are to learn something new, I always ask myself why and how. Besides reading and thinking independently, I find discussion quite helpful for better understanding.

Best wishes for your university study!

Yours,

Li Ming

①．该句为祝贺类信件的常用句型。

②．在第一段点明写信目的，符合信件的写作要求。

③．首句概括段落大意，紧扣提纲。

④．用firstly引出第一点不同：大学给予学生更多自由；学生需对自己的行为负责。

⑤．第二点不同用the second major difference lies in引出，增加了语言难度，使表达方式更加多样化。

⑥．用remember doing的表达方式引出个人经历，结合提纲讲述自己在大学学习方面的经验。

张虹：

祝贺你被中国人民大学录取。在这里，我想和你分享我的一些关于大学学习的经验和观点。

大学学习和高中学习有很大不同，主要表现在以下方面：首先，大学给予学生更多的自由并期望学生能为自己的决定、行为和生活方式负责。第二点主要不同在于教学方式。高中要求学生记忆大量知识，大学教授则致力于培养学生的批判思维能力和实际技能。当然，不同的教学方式和侧重点会使我们在大学采用不同的学习策略。

还记得第一学期时，我在适应新环境方面遇到了很多困难。之后为了达到课程要求并在截止日期前完成作业，我制订了自己的学习计划并坚持完成。当学习新知识前，我总是问自己“为什么”以及“怎么做”。除了独立阅读和思考，我发现与他人进行讨论有助于更好地理解（所学知识）。

祝福你的大学学习一帆风顺！

李明

要点用法

congratulations on... 祝贺……

critical thinking 批判性思维

admission 录取

learning strategy 学习策略

differ from... 不同于……

adapt to 适应于

memorize 记忆

set up 设立；安排

aim to 旨在；致力于

句法点评

1. College study differs greatly from high school in the following aspects.

用differ from这一搭配概括出该段主旨，并用in the following aspects引出下文内容。

2. Firstly, university allows students more freedom and expects them to take responsibility for their own decisions, actions and lifestyles.

用firstly引出第一点不同，其中分别由allow sb. sth.和expect sb. to do sth.表达出两层并列的意思。

3. We were supposed to memorize a lot in high school while university professors aim to develop students' critical thinking and practical skills.

前半句用be supposed to do sth.来表达高中对学生的要求，后半句通过while进行对比，并用aim to do sth.来说明大学老师教学方式的不同。

Part II　Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)

媒体中的美丽和体形

女性的身体形象随处可见。女性及其身体部位出现在从食品到汽车等一切商品的销售中。当红的影视剧女演员也越来越年轻，越来越高挑纤细。甚至有些女演员因为吃得太少而在拍摄现场昏倒。［1］女性杂志更是长篇累牍地宣称，只要能再减掉最后的二十镑，女性就能够拥有一切——完美的婚姻、可爱的孩子、非凡的性爱和高回报的职业。

为什么会有美丽的标准强加到女性身上，而大多数女性生来就比模特要胖要成熟？一些分析家认为，根源在于经济利益。［2］通过呈现一个难以达到和保持的理想身材，化妆品和减肥产品行业必然能够得到发展并获得利润。因此毫不意外，年轻和纤瘦日益被推崇为美丽的基本标准。魁北克女性健康行动网在其2001年发表的报告中称，即使并非所有的女人都需要减肥，但可以肯定的是，所有的女人都在变老。而根据美丽行业的说法，衰老是一个需要解决的灾难。

其间的利害关系是巨大的。一方面，对自己身材缺乏自信的女性更有可能去购买美容产品、新衣服，或者进行食疗。据估计，仅减肥行业一年的短期减肥（90％－95％的减肥者体重会反弹）套餐销售额就达到了400亿－1000亿美元。另一方面，研究表明，接触这种年轻苗条、妆容美丽的女性形象与女性的抑郁、缺乏自信和不健康饮食习惯的养成有关。

美国神经性厌食症和相关饮食失调症公司的研究小组声称，四分之一的高校女生使用不健康的方法来控制体重，如禁食、节食、过度运动、滥用泻药、自行催吐等。想要变瘦的压力也影响到了未成年女孩：［3］加拿大女性健康网提醒人们说，目前连五六岁的小女孩都开始控制体重。美国也有类似的统计结果。玛丽卡·蒂格曼和勒维纳·克拉克在2006年进行了一项名为“9－12岁女孩的外表文化：媒体和同伴对身材不满意度的影响”的研究，该研究以及其他一些研究结果都显示，接近半数还没有进入青春期的女孩都希望自己更瘦，因而开始节食或是有了节食的概念。［4］2003年，《青少年》杂志报道称，在6－12岁的女孩当中，有35％的人至少进行过一次减肥，有50％－70％体重正常的女孩认为自己超重。总体调查表明，90％的女性在某种程度上都对自己的外表不满意。

媒体行动主义者琼·基尔伯恩的结论是：“我们所阅读的杂志和收看的电视节目把女性卖给了减肥行业，因为几乎所有杂志和节目都使我们对自己的体重担忧。”

难以企及的美丽

或许最令人不安的是，媒体所宣传的这种美丽形象除了极少数女性之外，对其他人来说都是遥不可及的。例如，研究人员按照芭比娃娃的身材比例开发出了一个女性计算机模型，结果发现这个模型的背部根本无力支撑她上身的重量，而且她的身体狭窄到只能容纳半个肝脏和几厘米的肠道。［5］如果一个女人的身材真是那样的话，她将会患上慢性腹泻并最终死于营养不良。生产芭比娃娃的美泰公司总裁吉尔·巴拉德估计，99％年龄在3－10岁之间的女孩至少拥有一个芭比娃娃。

尽管如此，现实生活当中追求类似超瘦身材的女人和女孩都大有人在，而她们的健康也可能会遭受同等程度严重损害。2006年的一项统计显示，多达45万名加拿大女性患有饮食失调症。

以瘦为美的文化

研究人员公布说，女性杂志上宣传减肥的广告和文章所占的比重比男性杂志高10.5倍，超过四分之三的女性杂志封面至少包含了一条关于如何改变女性身材的信息——诸如节食、运动或是整容手术。

［6］电视和电影也强化了身材纤瘦的重要性，把这当作衡量女性价值的一个标准。加拿大研究人员格雷戈里·福茨在报告中指出，电视情景喜剧中体重过轻的女性角色超过75％，而只有5％的女性角色超过平均体重。而这些超重的女演员往往会因为身材问题而遭到男性角色的负面评价（如“穿条麻袋如何？”），且这些负面评价中的80％，随后都会响起预先录制好的观众笑声。

杂志业有人正在努力抵制这种潮流。几年来魁北克杂志Coup de Pouce坚持在其时尚页面上刊登正常身材的女性形象；Châtelaine杂志也承诺不对照片进行修饰以及不采用25岁以下模特的照片。全球最大的时尚都市之一马德里在2006年就开始禁止过瘦的模特在T台上走秀。［7］此外，西班牙近来实施了一项计划，旨在通过采用独特的程序来使服装尺寸标准化，该程序采用激光束来测量现实生活中女性的身材以找到服装尺寸的真实参照。

另一个问题就是不同种族的女性形象在媒体中的曝光率。2008年，朱厄妮塔·科弗特和特拉维斯·迪克逊进行了一项名为“发展中的观念：主流女性杂志中有色人种女性形象的体现与影响”的研究。［8］该研究发现，虽然1999－2004年间杂志中出现的有色人种的女性形象在数量上有所增加，但是从整体来看，白人女性还是占据了主流女性杂志的多数篇幅。

自我完善还是自我毁灭？

与纤瘦、减肥和美丽有关的信息轰炸告诉“普通”女性：她们永远需要改变自己——而身材就是一个有待完善的对象。

琼·基尔伯恩认为，过于纤瘦的女性形象在媒体中大量出现意味着真实的女性身材形象已经很难出现在大众媒体上。［9］基尔伯恩总结道，真正的悲剧是许多女性接受了这些被当作美丽的刻板形象，并用美丽行业的标准来评判自己；她们学会拿自己和其他女人比较，并学会了与她们竞争来吸引男性的注意力。［10］这种对于美丽和性感的关注“事实上摧毁了任何可能有助于改变这种风气的意识和行动”。

1. Women's magazines are full of articles to urge women to ______.

A) eat less sweet food

B) lose weight

C) marry a rich husband

D) have at least two kids

女性杂志充斥着鼓励女性______的文章。

A）少吃甜食

B）减肥

C）嫁给有钱丈夫

D）至少生两个孩子

►线索词：women's magazines，urge

►定位处：首段最后一句。

►解析：首段最后一句提到，女性杂志宣称，只要能再减掉最后的二十镑，女性就能够拥有一切美好的事物，故可知正确答案为B。

2. The cosmetic and diet product industries gain profits by ______.

A) exaggerating the goodness about their products

B) targeting at children and women

C) presenting an ideal image difficult to achieve

D) distributing free samples from home to home

化妆品和减肥产品行业通过______获利。

A）夸大自己产品的好处

B）以儿童和妇女为销售目标群体

C）呈现一个很难达到的理想形象

D）挨家挨户分发免费的产品样品

►线索词：cosmetic and diet product industries，profits

►定位处：第二段第三句。

►解析：该句指出，通过呈现一个难以达到和保持的理想身材，化妆品和减肥产品行业就必然能够得到发展和获得利润，故选C。

3. Canadian Women's Health Network warns that weight control measures are now being taken by girls ______.

A) at age 5 or 6

B) at age 9 or 10

C) at age 13 or 14

D) at age 16 or 17

加拿大女性健康网提醒人们，现在连______的女孩子都在采用体重控制措施。

A）5岁或6岁

B）9岁或10岁

C）13岁或14岁

D）16岁或17岁

►线索词：Canadian Women's health Network，weight control measures

►定位处：第四段第二句。

►解析：该句提到，加拿大女性健康网提醒人们说，目前连五六岁的小女孩都开始控制体重，故正确答案为A。

4. In 2003, Teen magazine reported that ______ percent of normal weight girls believe they are overweight.

A) 35 to 50

B) 50

C) 50 to 70

D) 90

2003年《青少年》杂志报道称，有百分之______的体重正常的女孩认为自己超重。

A）三十五到五十

B）五十

C）五十到七十

D）九十

►线索词：2003，Teen magazine，normal weight girls

►定位处：第四段倒数第二句。

►解析：该句指出，2003年《青少年》杂志报道称，有50％－70％体重正常的女孩认为自己超重，故正确答案为C。

5. Researchers found that a real woman with Barbie-doll proportions would ______.

A) suffer from heart disease

B) be very popular with males

C) live a more rewarding life

D) die from malnutrition

研究人员发现一名真正拥有芭比娃娃身材比例的女性会______。

A）患心脏病

B）很受男性的欢迎

C）生活得更美好

D）死于营养不良

►线索词：a real woman，Barbie-doll proportions

►定位处：第六段第二、三句。

►解析：该段提到，研究人员按照芭比娃娃的身材比例开发出了一个女性计算机模型，结果发现如果一个女人的身材真是那样的话，她将会患上慢性腹泻并最终死于营养不良，由此可知，正确答案为D。

6. Television and movies emphasize that a woman's worth can be judged by ______.

A) the cosmetics she uses

B) the jewelry she wears

C) the thinness of her body

D) the wealth of her husband

电视和电影强调，______能衡量该女性的价值。

A）女性使用的化妆品

B）女性佩戴的首饰

C）女性身体的纤瘦

D）女性丈夫的财富

►线索词：television and movies，a woman's worth，be judged by

►定位处：第九段首句。

►解析：该句指出，电视和电影也强化了纤瘦身材的重要性，把它当作衡量女性价值的一个标准，C项中的the thinness of her body与文中的a thin body属同义转述，故为正确答案。

7. Spain has recently undergone a project to ______.

A) include full-sized women in its fashion magazines

B) standardize clothing sizes

C) ban ultra-thin models from the runway

D) promote weight loss among men

西班牙近来实施了一项计划，为了______。

A）在它的时尚杂志上刊登正常身材的女性形象

B）使服装尺寸标准化

C）禁止过瘦的模特在T台上走秀

D）宣传男性减肥

►线索词：Spain，project

►定位处：第十段最后一句。

►解析：该段最后一句指出，西班牙正在实施一项计划，旨在通过采用独特的程序来使服装尺寸标准化，故正确答案为B。

8. In mainstream women's magazines from 1999 to 2004, overall white women were overrepresented.

在1999年到2004年间的主流女性杂志中，整体来说白人女性占据了多数篇幅。

►线索词：mainstream women's magazines，overrepresented

►定位处：第十一段最后一句。

►解析：原文中提到：...overall white women were overrepresented in mainstream women's magazines from 1999 to 2004，该题只是将原句的状语提前，其他内容均没有变化，故此处所填内容应为overall white women。

9. Jean Kilbourne concludes that many women judge themselves by the beauty industry's standards.

琼·基尔伯恩总结道，很多女性用美丽行业的标准来评判自己。

►线索词：Jean Kilbourne，concludes，judge

►定位处：最后一段第二句。

►解析：原文最后一段指出：Kilbourne concludes...that many women...judge themselves by the beauty industry's standards，很显然此处所填内容应为the beauty industry's standards。

10. The focus on beauty and desirability destroys any awareness and action that might help to change the trend.

这种对于美丽和性感的关注摧毁了任何可能有助于改变这种风气的意识和行动。

►线索词：focus，destroys，change the trend

►定位处：最后一段最后一句。

►解析：原文最后一句提到：this focus on beauty and desirability "effectively destroys any awareness and action that might help to change that climate"，题干中的change the trend与change that climate属同义转述，故此处所填内容应为beauty and desirability。

Part III　Listening Comprehension

Section A

11. A) She has read the book and doesn't need it anymore.

B) She will not lend her book to the man.

C) The man can use her book whenever he likes.

D) The man can borrow the book at a convenient time.

M: I don't want to buy the book Prof. Brown told us to read for the exam. Do you think you could lend me yours?

W: Well, I'm not using it right now, but I really need to keep it handy just in case.

Q: What does the woman mean?

A）她已经读过这本书，不再需要它了。

B）她不会把书借给男士。

C）男士随时可以用她的书。

D）男士可以在方便的时候借那本书。

男：我不想买布朗教授告诉我们要读的备考图书。你能把你的借给我吗？

女：呃，我现在没有在用，但我真的需要书一直在手边随时可用。

问：女士的意思是什么？

►听前预测：

①四项均提到书（book）。

②两项含有有关借的动词（lend，borrow）。

结论：对话可能是借书场景。

►解析：男士说他不想买布朗教授推荐的备考图书，询问女士能否借给他。女士说尽管她现在不用，但为了以防万一还是希望书一直在自己手里。可见女士不愿将书借给男士，故选B。本题需要注意女士话中but后的内容。

12. A) She wants to find a roommate with similar interests.

B) She changes roommates often.

C) She does not know Julie very well.

D) She did not really enjoy living with Julie.

M: So, you and Julie are no longer roommates? I'm not surprised. You two never did things very compatible.

W: Yeah, well... It's not that we didn't get along... We just didn't have much in common.

Q: What can be inferred about the woman?

A）她想要找一个兴趣相投的室友。

B）她经常更换室友。

C）她不怎么了解朱莉。

D）她并不喜欢和朱莉住在一起。

男：那么，你和朱莉不再是室友了吗？我一点都不觉得奇怪。你俩从来就没有融洽地相处过。

女：是的，呃……这不是相处的问题……我们只是没有太多共同之处罢了。

问：我们可以推断出有关该女士的什么信息？

►听前预测：

①四项均以she开头。

②两项提到第三人Julie。

③两项提到室友（roommate，roommates），分别与找室友和换室友有关。

结论：本题可能考查有关女士的内容，对话与室友有关。Julie可能是女士以前或现在的室友，也可能是将要与女士同住的室友。

►解析：当得知女士现在不和朱莉住了，男士表示一点也不奇怪，并称她俩相处得一点也不融洽。女士说不是相处的问题，是因为她们没有共同之处。由此可以推断，女士并不喜欢和朱莉住在一起，故选D。注意排除干扰项A，女士并没有提到想找志同道合的室友。

13. A) The man is glad to lend the woman money to buy a computer.

B) The woman should wait a while before buying a computer.

C) The woman should find a better way to invest her savings.

D) The woman should buy a computer.

W: My parents think I ought to buy a computer. You know now I'm in college. But I hate to spend so much of my savings now.

M: I'd say it's probably a worthwhile investment.

Q: What does the man mean?

A）男士很高兴把钱借给女士，让她买电脑。

B）女士应该等一段时间再买电脑。

C）女士应该寻找一种更好的方式来投资她的积蓄。

D）女士应该买台电脑。

女：我父母觉得我应该买一台电脑。你知道我正在上大学。但是现在我不愿意花掉自己太多积蓄。

男：我觉得这笔投资很可能还是值得的。

问：男士的意思是什么？

►听前预测：

①三项提到买电脑（buy a computer，buying a computer）。

②两项与钱有关（lend...money，invest her savings）。

③三项以the woman开头。

结论：对话可能与女士买电脑有关。

►解析：女士说她父母觉得她应该买一台电脑，但她现在不愿意花掉自己太多积蓄。男士说这笔投资很可能还是值得的，可见男士认为女士应该买一台电脑，故选D。

14. A) He prefers to live off campus.

B) There are advantages and disadvantages of living off campus.

C) Living space in the dorm is too crowded.

D) There are a limited number of apartments available off campus.

W: Have you decided whether you are going to get an apartment off campus next year, or are you staying in the dorm?

M: We are still talking about the pros and cons. I don't know. To me it seems like six of one and half a dozen of the other.

Q: What does the man mean?

A）他更喜欢在校外住。

B）在校外住有利有弊。

C）宿舍里的居住空间太拥挤了。

D）校外可住的公寓数量有限。

女：你们已经决定明年在校外找间公寓了吗？还是继续住在宿舍？

男：我们还在权衡二者的利弊。我还没决定呢。对我来说，住宿舍和住校外半斤八两。

问：男士的意思是什么？

►听前预测：三项提到住在校外（live off campus，living off campus，apartments...off campus），一项提到宿舍（dorm）。对话很可能与学生住宿有关，可能涉及选择住在宿舍还是校外的问题。

►解析：女士问男士是否已决定明年住宿舍还是住在校外。男士说他们正在权衡二者的利弊，他觉得住宿舍和住校外半斤八两，故选B。six of one and half a dozen of the other是“半斤八两”的意思。如果不知道这一成语的意思，还可以用排除法做此题。男士最后并没有明确表示住哪里，故排除A。对话中没有提到宿舍和校外公寓的情况，故排除C和D。

15. A) He has to pick up his brother at the airport.

B) He doesn't have any definite plans for the weekend.

C) He usually works on weekends with his brother.

D) His brother is still on the plane.

W: Thank heaven. It's Friday. Are you doing anything special this weekend?

M: Good question. To tell you the truth, my brother might be coming over and so everything is up in the air right now.

Q: What does the man mean?

A）他必须到机场接他的哥哥。

B）他周末还没有任何明确的计划。

C）他周末通常和哥哥一起工作。

D）他的哥哥还在飞机上。

女：谢天谢地。到星期五了。这周末你有什么特别的安排吗？

男：问得好。老实告诉你，我哥哥可能会过来，所以现在一切还不确定。

问：男士的意思是什么？

►听前预测：

①三项以he开头，一项以his brother开头。

②两项提到了周末（weekend，weekends）。

③三项提到了男士的哥哥（his brother）。

结论：对话可能提问有关男士的内容，很可能与男士的哥哥和周末计划有关。

►解析：女士问男士周末有什么特别的安排。男士说他哥哥可能要过来，一切还是未知数，故选B。注意up in the air表示“悬而未决；不确定”，和乘飞机无关。

16.  A) He is not upset that they ate lunch.

B) He did not know what time he was supposed to arrive.

C) He expected the traffic to be bad.

D) He will be happy to share their dessert.

W: Oh, hi, I hate to tell you but we're done with lunch and the dessert is on its way. We decided you weren't going to show up.

M: I can understand that. I've never seen such traffic. I am glad you didn't wait.

Q: What does the man mean?

A）他没有因为他们吃了午饭而难过。

B）他不知道他应该什么时候到。

C）他预料到交通状况很糟糕。

D）他会很高兴分享他们的甜点。

女：啊，你好。我很不情愿地告诉你，我们已经吃过午饭了，正在等着上甜点。我们以为你不会来了呢。

男：我能理解。我从没遇到过这样的交通状况，我很高兴你们没有等我。

问：男士的意思是什么？

►听前预测：

①四项均以he开头。

②两项与吃饭有关（ate lunch，dessert）。

结论：对话很可能与吃饭有关。

►解析：女士说他们已经吃过午饭了，正在等着上甜点，他们认为男士可能不来了。男士表示理解，说交通状况特别差，他很高兴他们没有等他。由此可见，男士并不介意他们先用餐，故选A。

17. A) Ask for directions.

B) Try a different route to the beach.

C) Go back for the map.

D) Postpone their trip until later.

M: Oh, no, I think we left that road map at home. Do you know how to get to the beach?

W: No, I didn't. But since we haven't gone very far, we might as well just turn around.

Q: What will the man and the woman probably do?

A）问路。

B）尝试走另外一条路去海滩。

C）回去拿路线图。

D）把旅行时间推迟。

男：噢，不会吧。我想我们把路线图落在家里了。你知道怎么去海滩吗？

女：不，我不知道。但既然我们还没有走太远，我们最好掉头回去取。

问：男士和女士接下来很可能做什么？

►听前预测：

①四项均以动词原形开头。

②A项提到了方向（direction），B项提到了地点（the beach），C项提到了地图（map），D项提到了旅行（trip），均与出行有关。

结论：对话很可能与出行有关，对动作进行提问。

►解析：男士说他们把路线图落在家里了，问女士是否知道怎么去海滩。女士说她也不知道怎么走，但他们还没走太远，可以回去取，故选C。

18.  A) The costumes weren't as good as the scenery.

B) The scenery could have been more realistic.

C) She wishes she had not seen the play.

D) She didn't enjoy the students' performance.

M: I really enjoy the play. The students did a great job with the scenery. It looks so authentic. I felt like I was back in the 19th century.

W: I wish you could say the same thing about the costumes. But anyway they've done very well.

Q: What does the woman imply?

A）戏服没有舞台布景好。

B）舞台布景本可以更加真实。

C）她希望自己没有观看这场戏。

D）她不喜欢学生们的表演。

男：我真的很喜欢这场戏。学生们的舞台布景做得很棒，看起来很逼真。我感觉仿佛回到了19世纪。

女：我希望你也可以对戏服有同样的评价。但不管怎么说，他们已经做得很好了。

问：女士的言外之意是什么？

►听前预测：四项均含有与演出有关的词（costumes，scenery，play，performance），故推测对话内容与演出有关。

►解析：男士说他很喜欢这场戏，学生们的舞台布景做得很不错。女士说她希望男士也可以这么评价戏服，并补充说，但不管怎么说，学生们已经做得很好了。由此可以推断，戏服做得没有布景好，故选A。

Conversation One

听力原文&译文

M: I'm excited about going to the concert at the campus pub on Saturday. It's supposed to be the best show of the year. You're coming, aren't you?

W: I wish I could,［20］but I already promised Lisa that I would cover both of her night shifts at the movie store this weekend.

M:［19］Why did you do that? Did you forget about the concert?

W: Actually, I really need the hours. Next semester is going to be really expensive. I have to buy a new psychology textbook that is going to cost me more than one hundred dollars.

M: Have you looked in the used bookstore for it? I never buy my math textbooks new.

W: That's what I would normally do, but it's a new edition this year. Some of the chapters are different, so I really need to buy the new one.

M: That's too bad. I wish you could come to the concert. If it makes you feel any better,［21］Matt won't be able to come either.

W: Why is that?［21］It's his favorite band!

M:［21］He has to go home for the weekend. His sister is getting married.

男：我为周六要去参加在校园酒吧举办的音乐会感到很兴奋。它应该是今年最棒的演出。你会去的，对吗？

女：我希望我能去，［20］但是我已经答应这周末替丽莎在影片商店值两天的夜班。

男：［19］你为什么那么做啊？你忘了音乐会的事了吗？

女：实际上，我确实需要那值班的几个小时。下学期的花销真的会很多。我必须要买一本新的心理学课本，那会花掉我100多美元。

男：你到旧书书店找过了吗？我从不买新的数学教科书。

女：我一般也买旧书，但今年是新版本。一些章节和以往不同，所以我真的需要买本新的。

男：那太糟糕了。我希望你能去听音乐会。［21］马特也不能去听音乐会了，这可能会让你感觉舒服点。

女：为什么？［21］那可是他最喜欢的乐队啊！

男：［21］他周末得回家。他姐姐要结婚。

19. A) Their plans for the next semester.

B) Why the woman can't go to the concert.

C) Their favorite band.

D) A psychology class.

Q: What are the speakers discussing?

A）他们下学期的计划。

B）女士不能去音乐会的原因。

C）他们最喜欢的乐队。

D）一堂心理学课。

问：说话者在谈论什么？

►听前预测：

①三项均为名词短语。

②两项含有与学期或课程相关的词（next semester，psychology class），两项含有与音乐会或乐队相关的词（concert，band）。

结论：该题可能考查与上课或听音乐会相关的内容，具体信息需要根据对话内容进一步判断。

►解析：本题为主旨题，需要对对话内容加以总结。对话开头男士说周六可以去听音乐会，自己很兴奋，并觉得女士应该也会去，当听到女士说周末要替别人值夜班时男士很诧异，接着对女士这样做的原因进行了询问，故可知B项“女士不能去音乐会的原因”为两人谈话的主题。

20. A) Work at the bookstore.

B) Go to the movies.

C) Cover a friend's shift.

D) Go to a concert.

Q: What will the woman do on Saturday?

A）在书店工作。

B）去看电影。

C）帮一个朋友值班。

D）去听音乐会。

问：女士将在周六做什么？

►听前预测：四项均为动词短语，可推测该题是对某人行为的考查。该题选项信息比较分散，需要根据对话内容及问题做出进一步的判断。

►解析：对话开头，当男士提到音乐会的事情时，女士说真希望自己能去，但是她已经答应丽莎周末替她值两天的夜班，故可知C项为正确答案。

21. A) The woman never works on weekends.

B) The man and the woman take the same courses.

C) Matt would like to go to the concert too.

D) The new psychology book might sell out.

Q: What can be inferred from the conversation?

A）女士从不在周末工作。

B）男士和女士上同样的课程。

C）马特也想去听音乐会。

D）新的心理学课本可能卖光了。

问：我们能从对话中推断出什么？

►听前预测：

①一项提到了the woman，一项提到了the man and the woman，一项提到了Matt。

②两项含有与课程或书本有关的词（courses，psychology book），一项提到了工作（works），一项提到了演唱会（concert）。

结论：本题可能与第三个人马特（Matt）有关。选项信息比较分散，考生在听音时，需重点去听第2点中提到的关键词，并根据问题做出进一步的判断。

►解析：本题为推断题。对话最后男士提到，马特因为姐姐要结婚而不得不回家去，也不能去音乐会了；而且前面女士提到，这是马特最喜欢的乐队。由此可推断，马特其实也很想去音乐会，故C项正确。对话中女士说她要替丽莎值两天的夜班，并说下学期的书本费会很贵，自己需要多做些兼职来赚钱，由此可知A项“女士从不在周末工作”错误。文中女士说下学期的心理学课本需要花一百多美元，男士建议她去旧书店买，并说自己的数学课本就是在那里买到的，可见文中只是提到了男士建议女士去相同的书店买书，并没有提到两人上同样的课程，故B项错误。对话中提到女士过去经常去旧书店买书，今年不去的原因是因为心理学课本改版了，有些章节不同，而不是因为卖光了，故D项也可排除。

Conversation Two

听力原文&译文

M: Honey, the basketball game is about to start. And could you bring some chips and a bowl of ice cream? And... uh...a slice of pizza from the fridge.

W: Anything else?

M: Nope, that's all for now. Hey, honey, you know,［22］they're organizing a company basketball team, and I'm thinking about joining. What do you think?

W: Humph.

M: "Humph". What do you mean "Humph"? I was the star player in high school.

W: Yeah, twenty-five years ago.［23］Look, I just don't want you to have a heart attack running up and down the court.

M: So, what are you suggesting? Should I just abandon the idea? I'm not that out of shape.

W:［23］［24］Well... you ought to at least have a physical checkup before you begin. I mean, it has been at least five years since you played at all.

M: Well, okay, but...

W: And you need to watch your diet and cut back on the fatty foods, like ice cream. And you should try eating more fresh fruits and vegetables.

M: Yeah, you're probably right.

W: And you should take up a little weight training to strengthen your muscles or perhaps try cycling to build up your cardiovascular system. Oh, and you need to go to bed early instead of watching TV half the night.

M: Hey, you're starting to sound like my personal fitness instructor!

W: No,［25］I just love you, and I want you to be around for a long, long time.

男：亲爱的，篮球比赛就要开始了。你能给我拿些薯片和一杯冰激凌吗？还有……呃……从冰箱里给我拿一块比萨。

女：还要别的吗？

男：不要了，现在就要这些。嘿，亲爱的，你知道，［22］公司正在组织篮球队，我在考虑参加进去。你觉得呢？

女：哼。

男：“哼”。你“哼”是什么意思？我曾是高中的篮球明星呢。

女：是呀，25年前是。［23］瞧，我只是不想让你因为在篮球场上来回跑而患上心脏病。

男：那你有什么建议呢？我就该放弃这个想法吗？我身体没那么差。

女：［23］［24］呃……在决定参加之前你至少应该检查一下身体。我的意思是，你至少已经有5年没有打过篮球了。

男：呃……好吧，但是……

女：而且你需要注意饮食，少吃像冰激凌这样脂肪含量高的食物。而且你应该尝试多吃些新鲜水果和蔬菜。

男：是的，你可能是对的。

女：还有你应该做些举重训练来增强肌肉，或者试着通过骑自行车来增强心血管系统。噢，你还应该早点上床睡觉，而不是半夜还在看电视。

男：嘿，你说话的样子开始像我的私人健身教练了。

女：不，［25］我只是爱你罢了，我想要你陪伴我到永久。

22.  A) Play basketball with friends from work.

B) Try out for the company baseball team.

C) Get in shape and compete in a cycling race.

D) Enjoy a TV play while having snacks.

Q: What does the man want to do?

A）和工作上的朋友一起打篮球。

B）参加公司棒球队的选拔。

C）恢复体型并参加自行车比赛。

D）边吃点心边欣赏电视剧。

问：男士想要做什么？

►听前预测：

①四项均为动词短语。

②三项含有表示体育运动的词（play basketball，baseball team，cycling race）。

结论：本题考查的内容可能与某人参加体育运动有关。

►解析：在对话的开头，男士告诉女士，公司打算组织篮球队，自己想要参加，A项是对这一内容的同义转述，故为正确答案。B项为干扰项，考生很容易将baseball看成basketball而错选。C项错在cycling race，D项错在TV play，对话中并未提及二者，故也应排除。考生在浏览选项时必须非常细心，尽量避免因一词之差而造成的错误。

23. A) Her husband's spending too much time away from home.

B) Her husband's passion for sports.

C) Her husband's health condition.

D) Her husband's diet habits.

Q: What seems to be the woman's major concern?

A）她丈夫花太多时间在家庭之外的事情上。

B）她丈夫对运动的热情。

C）她丈夫的健康状况。

D）她丈夫的饮食习惯。

问：女士似乎主要担忧什么？

►听前预测：

①四项均以her husband开头。

②两项含有与饮食或健康相关的词（health condition，diet habits）。

结论：该题考查女士丈夫的相关信息，很可能与其饮食习惯或健康状况有关。

►解析：当男士告诉女士他想要参加公司的篮球队时，女士说不想让丈夫因为在篮球场上来回跑而患上心脏病，并建议他先去检查身体，注意饮食、进行举重练习、早睡等，由此可知，女士最担心的是男士的健康状况，故C项正确。D项“她丈夫的饮食习惯”只是女士所担心的问题之一，包含于C项之中，故可排除。

24.  A) He should see a doctor.

B) He should start with a light workout.

C) He should abandon the idea.

D) He should lose some weight.

Q: What is the woman's first suggestion to her husband?

A）他应该去看医生。

B）他应该先做些轻度锻炼。

C）他应该放弃这个念头。

D）他应该减轻些体重。

问：女士给她丈夫的第一个建议是什么？

►听前预测：

①四项主语均为he。

②四项均含有should。

结论：本题很可能考查对男士的建议。具体信息需要根据对话内容再做判断。

►解析：由上一题的分析可知，女士知道男士想参加公司的篮球队时首先建议他去检查身体，四项中只有A项与之意思相符，故为正确答案。

25. A) He has been an active basketball player throughout the years.

B) He has been exercising under a fitness instructor's guidance.

C) He has a fairly healthful diet habit.

D) He has a loving and caring wife.

Q: What can be learnt from the dialogue?

A）多年来，他一直是一名活跃的篮球运动员。

B）他一直在一位健身教练的指导下进行锻炼。

C）他有相当健康的饮食习惯。

D）他有一位钟情、体贴的妻子。

问：我们从对话中能得知什么？

►听前预测：四项主语均为he，可知该题考查男士的相关信息。由于四个选项中的信息点比较分散，因此推测该题可能是主旨题或推断题，考生需根据对话内容或问题进一步做出判断。

►解析：在女士给了男士很多建议之后，男士说女士听起来就像他的私人健身教练，女士说自己这样做只是因为爱他，希望他能活得久一些，故可知D项正确。女士让男士检查身体时说他已经五年没有打过篮球了，故可知A项错误。对话中只提到男士说女士说话的样子像个健身教练，而并未提到他一直按照健身教练的指导进行锻炼，故B项错误。女士给男士提的建议中有一条就是改变饮食习惯，故C项也错误。

Section B

Passage One

听力原文&译文

［26］In 1990, over 100 countries signed an international agreement to make it illegal to buy or sell ivory, which is mainly used for jewelry. Most ivory is made from the tusks of African elephants. These tusks are very valuable—one pair is worth more than three times that an African farmer or factory worker earns in a year.

［27］Hunting elephants was so profitable that from 1979 to 1989 the number of elephants in Africa fell from 1.3 million to 600,000. It was feared that by the year 2000 there would be none left. However, since 1990 there has been much less illegal hunting, thanks to the international agreement.

But it costs a lot of money to preserve elephants. Game wardens must be hired to protect them, land must be set aside for them, and when they destroy a farmer's crops, the farmer must be paid compensation.

Zimbabwe and four other African countries say that some of the elephants should be killed legally.［28］This would help keep the population stable, and selling the ivory would help pay for preserving the elephants. But conservationists say that making ivory legal to sell would lead to even more illegal hunting. Others say that it is wrong to kill elephants because they are sensitive animals who feel emotional pain at the death of other elephants.

［26］在1990年，100多个国家共同签署了一份国际协议，规定买卖象牙属于违法行为。象牙主要用于制作首饰。大部分象牙是由非洲象的长牙制成。这些长牙极为贵重———一对长牙的价值比一名非洲农民或工厂工人一年收入的三倍还多。

［27］捕猎大象利润丰厚，以致从1979年到1989年，非洲象的数量从130万头锐减到60万头。人们曾担心到2000年非洲象将会消失。然而，由于这项国际协议的签订，自1990年以来，非法捕猎活动已经减少了很多。

但保护大象需要花费很多钱。既要雇用狩猎警察来对其进行保护，又要给它们预留出土地，而且，当农民的庄稼遭到大象破坏时，（政府）还要对农民的损失进行赔偿。

津巴布韦和其他四个非洲国家声称应该合法捕杀一些大象。［28］这样会保持大象数量的稳定，而且卖象牙获取的资金还可以用来保护大象。但自然资源保护主义者称，使贩卖象牙合法化会导致更多的非法捕猎行为。还有人认为捕杀大象是不对的，因为大象是敏感的动物，面对其他同伴的死亡，它们会感到很痛苦。

整体预测

快速浏览各题选项，根据其中的关键词ivory、illegal hunting、elephants、tusks、elephant population推测，该短文很可能谈论的是与捕猎大象、倒卖象牙有关的内容，具体细节需要进一步分析各个选项。

26. A) It was about the ban on wearing jewelry made from ivory.

B) It passed an international law to cease illegal hunting of elephants.

C) It announced that it should be illegal to make any transactions of ivory.

D) It was aimed at promoting the welfare of African peasants and workers

Q: What do we learn about the international agreement signed in 1990?

A）它是有关禁止佩戴象牙制品饰物的禁令。

B）它通过了一项停止非法捕猎大象的国际法。

C）它宣布从事任何象牙交易的行为都是非法的。

D）它旨在提升非洲农民和工人的福利。

问：关于1990年签署的那项国际协议，我们能够了解到什么？

►解题思路：

①四项均以it为主语，且各自谓语部分为be about，pass a law，announce，be aimed at。

②三项都与大象有关（两项提到ivory，一项提到illegal hunting of elephants）。

结论：本题考查与it有关的内容，且与非法捕猎大象、象牙交易相关，需要注意听it所指代的内容以及与大象及象牙相关的信息。

►解析：本题题干问关于1990签署的那项国际协议，我们能够了解到什么。文章开头就提到，1990年100多个国家共同签署了一份协议，规定买卖象牙为非法行为，C项与此含义一致，故为答案。需注意C项是对原文的同义转述，原文中buy or sell ivory在正确选项中被转述为make any transactions of ivory。

27. A) Illegal hunting of elephants was prohibited.

B) The number of elephants fell by 700,000.

C) Many African farmers or factory workers hunted elephants.

D) Over 100 countries sold jewelry made from the tusks of elephants.

Q: What happened to the African elephants from 1979 to 1989?

A）非法捕猎大象行为被禁止。

B）大象的数量减少了70万。

C）很多非洲农民或工厂工人捕猎大象。

D）100多个国家贩卖由大象长牙制成的首饰。

问：从1979年到1989年，非洲象遭遇了什么？

►解题思路：

①四项均含有elephants。

②两项含有与捕猎有关的词汇（hunting，hunted）。

结论：本题很可能考查与捕猎大象有关的内容。听音重点为illegal hunting、number of elephants、African farmers or factory workers和jewelry。

►解析：题目问的是从1979年到1989年，非洲象发生了什么事。文章中提到，捕猎大象利润非常丰厚，以致从1979年到1989年，非洲象的数量由130万头锐减到60万头。B项是对这一内容的同义转述，故为正确答案。

28.  A) To stabilize the elephant population.

B) To protect the environment.

C) To relieve the burden on the local people.

D) To improve the international agreement.

Q: Why do several African countries advocate legally killing some of the elephants?

A）为了稳定大象数量。

B）为了保护环境。

C）为了减轻本地人的负担。

D）为了改进国际协议。

问：为什么几个非洲国家提倡合法捕杀一些大象？

►解题思路：

①四项均为不定式短语，表示某种目的或意图。

②四项均含有表示积极意义的动词（stabilize，protect，relieve，improve）。

结论：本题很可能考查做某事的积极目的或意图。听音重点为elephant population、environment、burden以及international agreement。

►解析：本题问为什么几个非洲国家倡导合法捕杀一些大象。文章最后提到，一些非洲国家认为应该合法捕杀一些大象，这样可以控制大象的数量，保持其数量的稳定性，而且卖象牙获取的资金还可以用来保护大象，四项中只有A项与这一意思一致，故为正确答案。其他三项文中均未提及，故排除。

Passage Two

听力原文&译文

We hear it a lot in the news these days: "Recycle newspapers and save a tree." Protecting our delicate environment seems to be on the agenda of politicians, government leaders, and citizens in many parts of the world to show support for mother nature.［29］Three essential keys needed to power this movement include a more informed public, the development of improved technology, and a greater demand for recycled materials.

Let's use paper as an example. The first step is to raise public awareness about the recycling process, to explain the kinds of materials that can be recycled, and provide ways on how to properly dispose of them. Local governments should educate the public on how to properly sort reusable materials from those that can't be recycled. Then, a system of collecting these sorted materials needs to be established.［30］The public interest might be there, but soon may wane if there isn't a system where they can take these materials to be recycled. Give the public information they can grasp, and then you will increase your chances of gaining followers.

［31］Second, technological progress has been made on many fronts, but governmental agencies need to step up their support for companies involved in recycling by providing tax incentives, low-cost loans, or even grants to upgrade equipment and to encourage further research.

The final key is to increase demand for the growing surplus of resources waiting to be recycled. Recycling is a crucial link in protecting our planet. The three keys mentioned are important ways to achieve this end.

近来我们经常会在新闻中听到“回收报纸，保护树木”这样的话。政治家、政府领导人以及世界上很多地区的公民似乎都把保护我们脆弱的环境提上了日程，以表达对大自然母亲的支持。［29］推动这项活动所需要的三个基本要素包括：提高公民的知情权、开发先进的技术以及加大回收材料的需求度。

以纸张为例。第一步就是提高公众对回收过程的认识，向公众解释哪些材料是可以被回收的，并提供正确处理它们的方法。当地政府应该教育公众如何正确对可再利用材料和不可回收材料进行分类。然后，需要建立相应的收集分类物品的机制。［30］公众可能会对收集分类物品感兴趣，但如果没有相应的回收物品机制，这种兴趣很快就会淡化。向公众提供他们能领会的信息，才有更多的机会赢得追随者。

［31］第二，虽然科学技术在很多方面都取得了进展，政府机构还需要通过减免税收、贷款优惠甚至提供专项补贴等政策来加大对从事回收利用的企业的支持，以此来促进回收利用技术的进一步研究和设备更新。

最后一点是增加对亟待回收的不断过剩的资源的需求。物品回收是保护我们地球的重要的一环。上述三点是实现保护地球这一目标的重要方法。

整体预测

快速浏览各题选项，根据其中的关键词recycling、environmental awareness、recycled materials、equipment for recycling推测，该短文很可能与回收利用和环境保护有关，具体细节需要进一步分析各个选项。

29.  A) Important keys to recycling.

B) The importance of technology for recycling.

C) Guidelines for paper recycling.

D) Raising the public environmental awareness.

Q: What is the major topic for this passage?

A）回收的要素。

B）回收技术的重要性。

C）纸张回收指南。

D）提高公众的环境意识。

问：这篇文章的主题是什么？

►解题思路：

①三项含有recycling。

②四项均为名词性短语或动名词短语，且都具有概括性。

结论：本题很可能考查文章主旨。听音重点为keys、technology、guidelines以及public environmental awareness。

►解析：本题是主旨题。文章开头提到，我们经常会在新闻中听到“回收报纸，保护树木”这样的话。接着提到保护环境的三个基本要素，即提高公民的知情权、开发先进的技术以及加大回收材料的需求度。然后接下来的部分都围绕着回收物品的关键要素展开，由此可知，本题选A。其他选项过于片面，故排除。

30. A) The public would try to gain information for recycling by various means.

B) The public would lose interest in recycling gradually.

C) The public would not be affected by the lack of a system.

D) The public would teach and learn from each other about recycling.

Q: How would the lack of a system for recycling affect the public interest?

A）公众会努力通过多种方法获得回收信息。

B）公众会逐渐丧失对回收的兴趣。

C）没有回收机制，公众也不会受影响。

D）公众会互相教授和学习回收知识。

问：缺少回收机制将如何影响公众对于回收的兴趣？

►解题思路：

①四项主语均是the public。

②三项含有recycling。

结论：本题很可能考查与公众如何对待物品回收有关的内容。听音重点为gain information、lose interest、not be affected以及teach and learn from each other。

►解析：本题问缺乏相应的回收机制会对公众的兴趣产生怎样的影响。文中提到，应该建立相应的收集分类物品的机制，否则会使公众分类处理垃圾和回收利用物品的兴趣逐渐降低，故本题选B。

31. A) To set up sites for collecting recycled materials.

B) To teach the public how to separate various kinds of recycled materials.

C) To make policies favorable for upgrading equipment for recycling.

D) To increase the demand for recycled materials.

Q: What can be done by the government to stimulate technological progress for recycling?

A）建立专门收集回收材料的场所。

B）教公众如何将不同种类的回收材料分类。

C）制定更新回收设备的优惠政策。

D）增加回收材料的需求。

问：政府能采取什么措施来促进回收利用技术的更新？

►解题思路：

①四项均为不定式结构。

②四项均含有与回收有关的词（recycled materials，recycling）。

③四项均含有与采取措施有关的词（set up sites，teach the public，make policies，increase the demand）。

结论：本题很可能考查的是与物品回收有关的具体措施。

►解析：本题问政府可以采取什么样的措施来刺激回收技术的发展。文中提到，政府应该通过减免税收、贷款优惠，甚至提供专项补贴等政策来给企业提供支持，以此促进回收利用技术的进一步研究和设备的更新，故本题选C。

Passage Three

听力原文&译文

［32］Your assignment this term will be to write two major research papers.［33］One of the most important things about writing a research paper is giving proper credit for your sources of information. Failure to do this is called plagiarism, which is a form of intellectual dishonesty. Plagiarism is a kind of stealing, or at least, an unauthorized borrowing of someone else's ideas.［34］Sometimes, inexperienced students will plagiarize unintentionally, and then be surprised when the teacher won't accept their papers, or gives them a failing grade. The best way to avoid unintentional plagiarizing is to be very careful in gathering your information as you take notes on books and magazine articles about the topic you've selected. Firstly, try to assimilate the information thoroughly.［35］Secondly, write it down in your own words. This is called paraphrasing. If you do a good job of paraphrasing, you'll capture the main idea from your source without actually using any phrases from it. Most of your notes should probably be paraphrases. However, occasionally you may find something you wish to quote directly in your research paper. In this case, be sure that you copy the quotation precisely in your note, and enclose it in quotation marks. That way when you are finalizing your research paper, you'll be able to remember which of your notes are direct quotes, and which are your own summaries of the material. You can then incorporate them appropriately and give the original author proper credit.

［32］你们这学期的作业是写两篇重要的研究论文。［33］写研究论文最重要的注意事项之一就是要注明引用资料的出处。做不到这一点，就会被认为是剽窃，这也是学术上不诚信的一种表现。剽窃是一种偷窃行为，或者至少是一种未经他人授权而借用其思想的行为。［34］有时候，一些没有论文写作经验的学生会在无意间产生剽窃行为，当老师拒绝接受他们的论文或将他们的论文判为不及格时，他们才会大吃一惊。避免无意识剽窃的最好办法是，在你为所选定的主题查阅相关图书和杂志文章时，对从（这些资料）中所做的笔记里收集的信息要慎之又慎。首先，尽量透彻理解信息内容。［35］第二，用自己的话把信息内容写下来，这种方法叫做改写。如果你改写做得很好，其实不用信息里的原有词句，你就能根据自己已有的知识来获取它的大体意思。你大部分笔记的内容应该都是改写过的。然而，你偶尔会发现有些内容你可能想直接引用到你的研究论文里。在这种情况下，你要保证把引文原封不动地抄下来，并给引文加上引号。这样当你完成研究论文时，你就能记起哪些笔记的内容是直接引用的，哪些是你自己对资料的总结。然后，你就能恰当地将这些笔记的内容融入到你的论文之中，同时给予原著作者适当的尊重。

整体预测

快速浏览各题选项，根据其中的关键词reviewing、writing research papers、assignment、students、teachers、quotations推测，该短文很可能谈论的是与学生写论文或交作业有关的内容，具体细节需要进一步分析各个选项。

32. A) Writing book reports.

B) Reading magazine articles.

C) Selecting information sources.

D) Writing research papers.

Q: What kind of assignment is the professor discussing with the students?

A）写读书报告。

B）阅读杂志文章。

C）选择信息来源。

D）写研究论文。

问：教授正在和学生们探讨什么样的作业？

►解题思路：

①四项均为动名词短语。

②两项含有与作业有关的内容（book reports，research papers）。

结论：本题考查某种行为，很可能与报告或论文有关。

►解析：本题问教授正在与学生讨论什么作业。在文章开头教授对学生说，这学期的作业是写两篇重要的研究论文，接下来讲解了写论文的注意事项，故本题选D。

33.  A) Stealing other people's ideas.

B) Turning in the assignment late.

C) Giving credit to the original author.

D) Gathering irrelevant information.

Q: What does the professor warn the students against doing?

A）剽窃他人的观点。

B）迟交作业。

C）给予原著作者尊重。

D）收集不相关的信息。

问：教授警告学生不要做什么？

►解题思路：四项均为动名词短语，可见本题是对某种行为的考查。结合上题的分析可知，本题很可能仍与写论文有关。听音重点为stealing、turning in、giving credit to以及irrelevant information。

►解析：本题问教授告诫学生不要做什么。文章开头提到，写好论文最重要的是要标明引用资料的出处，做不到这一点，就会被认为有剽窃嫌疑，这也是学术上不诚信的一种表现。故可知A项“剽窃他人的观点”为正确答案。

34.  A) Inexperienced students.

B) People doing research.

C) Some teachers.

D) Magazine publishers.

Q: Who are most likely to steal other people's viewpoints unintentionally according to the professor?

A）没有（论文写作）经验的学生。

B）研究人员。

C）一些教师。

D）杂志出版商。

问：教授认为，哪些人最有可能在无意间剽窃他人的观点？

►解题思路：

①四项均为名词短语。

②四项分别是四种不同的人物。

结论：本题很可能考查与人物对象有关的内容，听音时需重点关注与人物有关的词汇。听音重点为students、research、teachers以及publishers。

►解析：本题问根据教授的观点，什么人最有可能无意识地剽窃他人的观点。文中提到，没有经验的学生容易无意识地剽窃他人，当老师拒绝接受他们的论文或者将他们的论文判为不及格时，他们才会大吃一惊，故本题选A。

35. A) In direct quotations.

B) In short phrases.

C) In shorthand.

D) In the student's own words.

Q: How should students take notes in most cases according to the professor?

A）直接引用别人的话。

B）用短语。

C）用速记法。

D）用学生自己的话。

问：教授认为，在大部分情况下，学生应该如何做笔记？

►解题思路：

①四项均为in引导的介宾短语。

②四项均含有与论文写作方法或用语有关的词（direct quotations，short phrases，shorthand，own words）。

结论：本题很可能考查与论文写作方法或用语有关的内容。

►解析：本题问根据教授的观点，学生在大多数情况下应该如何做笔记。文中提到，避免无意识剽窃的最好方法就是在收集与论文主题有关的信息时认真做好笔记，具体做法就是首先透彻理解信息内容，然后用自己的话改写下来，而且大部分的笔记的内容都应该是自己改写过的。四项中只有D项与这一意思相符，故为正确答案。

Section C

听力原文&译文

Job seekers in Britain say employers are paying less attention to［36］applicants' degrees and certificates. They are making their own［37］entrance exams to test ability. They are concerned about decreasing［38］standards of job seekers, because many university graduates with good degrees have shown a terrible inability to spell, and work out simple［39］sums.

The chairman of the Standing Conference of Employers of Graduates, told our［40］correspondent: "We don't look at the pieces of paper［41］turned in to us, but we look at the people with real abilities." A senior［42］executive with the Bank of England said that many companies were making their own［43］intelligence tests so they could be sure that candidates were the right people for the job.

In the Civil Service,［44］only about 200 out of 2,000 candidates are chosen after the rest have been knocked out by the Service's own examinations and interviews. Forged certificates, printed in Germany, have been discovered recently.［45］These forged certificates are not easy to distinguish from the real ones, and can be bought at ￡25 apiece. Making fake degrees has also become a highly profitable business.［46］Fake degrees and diplomas, including Ph. D. degrees, can be obtained for as little as ￡20. Some so-called "universities" and "colleges" are even selling these attractive diplomas.

英国求职者声称雇主越来越不看重［36］应聘者的学历和各项资历证书。他们采用自己的［37］录取考试来考查应聘者的能力。他们担心求职者的［38］水平在不断下降，因为很多高学历的大学毕业生的拼写和简单［39］算术能力都很差。

毕业生雇主常务会议主席告诉我们的［40］记者：“我们看的不是［41］交上来的一张张纸，而是真正有能力的人。”英国银行的一名高级［42］主管说，很多公司都在制定自己的［43］智力测验，来确定候选人是否是职位的最佳人选。

在行政部门，［44］经过部门自己的测验和面试后，2000名候选人中大概只有200人被选中，其余的都被淘汰了。最近发现了一些在德国印制的虚假证书。［45］这些虚假证书很难与真的证书区别开来，而且花25英镑就能买到。制作假证书也成为一个利润丰厚的行当。［46］只要20英镑这么少的钱就能买到假学位证书和假毕业文凭证书，包括博士学位证书。一些所谓的“大学”和“学院”甚至出售这些有吸引力的毕业文凭证书。

Part IV　Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)

Section A

噪音会造成一些经济损失。如今，机场的使用率要低于其本身可承受的运行［47］能力，因为有关噪音的法规限制了机场的运行时间。例如，在华盛顿国家机场，从晚11点至早7点之间，任何喷气式飞机均不得使用。其他机场则对某些跑道的使用设定了限制。据估测，噪音［48］限制使机场的使用率降低了20％。

夜间噪音限制对货运贸易的［49］利润造成的影响尤为显著。

在机场问题上，人们可能会通过［50］改进喷气式引擎来降低其噪音水平，也可能通过购买机场附近的土地或加强附近建筑的隔音效果来隔绝机场交通制造的噪音。据估计，人们可能需要花57亿美元来为所有现有的喷气式引擎［51］装上噪音控制设备。但是，［52］考虑到当今的技术水平，即使采取了这一措施，也不能使噪音水平降低到各方面都［53］能接受的数值。因此，同时采用多种方法可能是非常必要的。

如果现有的办法能让所有的飞机产生的噪音更小，那么将会随之产生大量的经济利益。机场的运作能力将会［54］随之增强；机场附近不动产的价值也可能会随之升高；因为机场可以离人口中心更近，往来机场的交通成本也可能随之降低。

噪音降低和噪音效应影响着经济的［55］很多方面，这方面的研究还需大大加强。虽然噪音污染的一些影响早已为人所知，但它对健康、生产力、房产价值以及生活质量方面的影响仍然有待发现。［56］此外，噪音污染控制对总体经济造成的损失也是一个亟待研究的问题。

47. D

语法判断：空格前为比较级的标志词than，可知空格处应填入一个名词，表示比较的对象之一。

语义判断：备选的名词有identification、capacity、pollution、restrictions和aspects。根据上下文可知，由于对机场有关于噪音的限制，现在机场的使用率低于机场本身拥有的最大运行能力。capacity有“能力，容量”的意思，符合句意。

48. F

语法判断：空格前是名词noise，空格后是that从句的谓语动词reduce。如果将noise看成主语，由于reduce用了动词原形的形式，那么空格处有可能是情态动词。但选项中并没有情态动词，因此，reduce就是完整的谓语，而空格处应填入一个名词与其前面的noise共同组成that从句的主语。

语义判断：备选的名词有identification、pollution、restrictions和aspects四项。根据上文可知，针对机场制定了一些关于噪音的限制性法规，这些限制使得机场的使用率变低了。因此，四个选项中只有restrictions符合语境。

49. C

语法判断：空格前为定冠词the，空格后为名词短语cargo trade，可知此处应填入一个形容词来修饰后面的名词短语。

语义判断：备选的形容词有profitable（有利可图的）、significant（重要的）和acceptable（可接受的）三项。这句话的意思是：“夜间噪音限制对货运贸易的______造成的影响尤为显著”。根据文章第一句话可知，本文主要讨论的是噪音限制所造成的经济损失。因此，此处要表达的应该也是货运贸易在利润方面受到的影响，故profitable最符合文章主题。

50. K

语法判断：空格前为be动词，空格后为介词to，可知此处应填入一个形容词或动词的被动形式。

语义判断：符合语法条件的有形容词significant和acceptable，以及动词的被动形式transformed和modified。这句话的意思是：“人们可能会通过______喷气式引擎来降低其噪音水平”。很明显，significant和acceptable放在这里不合逻辑。transform意为“转变，使变形”，强调的是形态的变化；而modify意为“改进，改良”，强调的是功能上的改进。故modified更符合题意。

51. B

语法判断：空格前为动词短语be required to，空格后为名词短语all existing jet engines，可知此处应填入一个及物动词的动词原形。

语义判断：备选的动词原形有equip和occur两项，但occur只能作不及物动词。equip sth. with sth.意为“为……装备……”，符合句意：“据估计，人们可能需要花57亿美元为所有现有的喷气式引擎装上噪音控制设备”。

52. M

语法判断：分析可知，句子主干为taking this step will not reduce noise levels。而空格所在的分句没有引导词，也没有谓语动词，只能是非谓语动词短语作主句的状语。因此，此处应填入动词的非谓语形式，即动词的现在分词、过去分词或不定式。

语义判断：符合语法条件的有transformed和considering两项。transformed意为“转变”，considering意为“考虑到”。这句话的意思是“______当今的技术水平，即使采取了这一措施，也不能使噪音水平降低到各方面都______的数值”。对比两个选项可知，considering更符合句意。

53. J

语法判断：空格前为介词to，空格后为名词values，可知此处应填入一个形容词来修饰名词。

语义判断：备选的形容词有significant和acceptable两项。根据句意，这里要表达的是将噪音在各个方面降低到______的数值。对比两个选项可知，acceptable更符合句意。

54. N

语法判断：空格前为情态动词would，可知此处应填入一个动词原形。

语义判断：备选的动词原形只剩occur，表示某件事发生。

55. O

语法判断：空格前为形容词economic，空格后为介词of，可知此处应填入一个名词。

语义判断：备选的名词还剩identification（认同）、pollution（污染）和aspects（方面）三项。根据句意可知，此处指的是噪音的减少和噪音效应对经济方面的影响，故选aspects。

56. I

语法判断：空格前后均无成分，后面是一个逗号，可知此处应填入一个有此用法的副词。

语义判断：备选的副词只有furthermore（此外）和accordingly（因此，于是）两项。根据语境，前后句之间并无因果关系，只有递进关系，故选I。

Section B

Passage One

大多数人能记住一个电话号码30秒。但当这段短暂的时间过去之后，电话号码就会从记忆里消失。这一信息一开始究竟是如何进入我们的记忆中的呢？［57］进入短时记忆的信息是通过感觉储存区域传递到那里的。大脑有一个过滤机制，只允许当下有用的刺激通过，传递到短时记忆（也叫工作记忆）中。

关于短时记忆的容量和持续时间问题，一直有很多争论。人们广为接受的是认知心理学家乔治·A·米勒的理论，他认为人大约可以记住七个信息组块。一个信息组块是一个有意义的信息单元，比如一个词或一个名字而不是一个字母或数字。［58］现代的理论家认为，人们可以通过组合或将相似信息分类的方式来增加短时记忆的容量。通过组织信息，人们可以将短时记忆最优化，并增加将之转化为长期记忆的机会。

当有意识地努力记住某些事情时，比如考试要考的内容，许多人都会进行“机械复述”。通过不断重复，我们能让记忆保持活跃。可惜的是，只有在不被打断的情况下，这种记忆才能被成功地保留下来。一旦人们停止复述这些信息，记忆就很容易消失。当手边没有笔和纸的时候，你可能会想通过大声重复的方式来记住电话号码。［59］如果在你还没有机会打这个电话之前，门铃响了，或者狗叫着跑了进来，你会立刻忘记这个号码。因此，机械复述并不是将信息从短时记忆变成长期记忆的有效方式。［60］比较好的方法是进行“精心复述”练习。这需要人们将一条信息与语义含义联系在一起，这样它才能与其他已经存在于长期记忆里的信息一样被长期储存。

语义编码信息也让信息更容易被记起。可以通过识别和回忆的方法记起信息。人们可以回忆起储存在长期记忆中的信息并经常使用它们。［61］但是，如果一段记忆似乎被忘记了，通过提示它最终可能会被记起。给的提示（比如图片）越多，恢复记忆的几率越大。这就是为什么选择题经常被用来考查需要大量记忆的科目的原因。

【说明文：信息的记忆和记起】

第1段：什么是短时记忆。

第2段：短时记忆的容量及持续时间。

第3段：短时记忆的特点以及使短时记忆内的信息进入长期记忆的方法。

第4段：信息的记起。

57. According to the passage, how do memories get transferred to the STM?

A) They stem from the long term memory.

B) They are filtered from the sensory storage area.

C) They get rearranged when they enter the brain.

D) They enter STM via the nervous system.

根据文章内容，记忆是如何被转换为短时记忆的？

A）它们源于长期记忆。

B）它们从感觉储存区域过滤而来。

C）它们进入大脑时被重组。

D）它们通过神经系统进入短时记忆。

►定位：根据题干中的STM可以将答案定位到文章第一段第四句。

►解析：本题问记忆是如何进入短时记忆中的。第一段第四句提到，“进入短时记忆的信息是通过感觉储存区域传递到那里的。”并在下文解释说，“大脑有一个过滤机制，只允许当下有用的刺激通过，传递到短时记忆（也叫工作记忆）中。”由此可见，选项B“它们从感觉储存区域过滤而来”是正确答案。其他三项文中均未提及。

58. How can a person remember more information in a short time according to modern theorists?

A) By organizing it.

B) By repeating it.

C) By giving it a name.

D) By writing it down on paper.

现代理论家认为如何才能使一个人在短时间内记住更多的信息？

A）通过组织信息。

B）通过重复信息。

C）通过给信息命名。

D）通过把信息写在纸上。

►定位：根据题干中的modern theorists将答案定位到第二段第四句。

►解析：本题问现代理论家认为怎样能使一个人在短时间内记住更多的信息。第二段指出，“现代的理论家认为，人们可以通过组合或将相似信息分类的方式来增加短时记忆的容量。通过组织信息，人们可以将短时记忆最优化，并增加将之转化为长期记忆的机会。”由此可知，通过组织信息，人们可以记住更多的信息，故A项正确。

59. Why does the author mention a dog's bark?

A) To exemplify poor memory.

B) To analyze a type of interruption.

C) To compare human memory with dogs' memory.

D) To illustrate the lack of efficiency of rote rehearsal.

为什么作者要提到狗叫？

A）为了举例说明差的记忆力。

B）为了分析一种打断方式。

C）为了比较人与狗的记忆。

D）为了说明机械复述缺乏有效性。

►定位：根据题干中的a dog's bark将答案定位到第三段第六句。

►解析：本题问作者为什么提到了狗叫，文章第三段第六句指出，如果在你还没打这个电话之前，门铃响了，或者狗叫着跑进来了，你就会立刻忘记这个电话号码。这是对上文“只有在不被打断的情况下，这种记忆才能被成功地保留下来”的举例说明。而且后文给出了结论，“因此，机械复述并不是将信息从短时记忆变成长期记忆的有效方式”。由此可知，D项为了“说明机械复述缺乏有效性”是正确答案。

60. Which of the following is true about retrieving information?

A) Elaborate rehearsal contributes to information retrieval.

B) The most efficient way of retrieving information is to assign semantic meaning to the information.

C) It's impossible to retrieve forgotten information without picture prompts.

D) Encoding information is more efficient than chunking it.

关于记起信息，下列哪一项的说法是正确的？

A）精心复述对记起信息有帮助。

B）赋予信息语义含义是记起信息最有效的方法。

C）没有图片提示就不可能记起忘记的信息。

D）给信息编码比组合信息更有效。

►定位：根据题干中的retrieving information将答案定位到文章第四段。

►解析：本题问关于记起信息，哪个说法是正确的，需要将四个选项依次与文章对应进行判断。A项说的是“精心复述对记起信息有帮助”，文章倒数第二段提到了“精心复述”，说它赋予每条信息语义含义，而最后一段第一句又提到，语义编码信息也让信息更容易被记起，所以可以知道“精心复述”对信息记起有帮助，故A正确。B项错在文中没有说赋予信息语义含义是记起信息最有效的方法。C项明显不正确，文中只提到“给的提示（比如图片）越多，恢复记忆的几率越大”，并不是说没有图片提示就无法记起信息，故排除。D项文中并未提及。

61. Which of the following is true according to the passage?

A) One's memory capacity can be enhanced by rote rehearsal.

B) Putting information down is suggested to improve memory.

C) Providing sufficient prompts helps information retrieval.

D) Multiple choice exams are the most difficult.

根据文章内容，下列哪一项的说法是正确的？

A）机械复述能增大记忆容量。

B）人们建议把信息写下来以增强记忆。

C）提供足够的提示有助于记起信息。

D）多项选择考试题是最难的。

►定位：此题需要将四个选项依次与文章对应，找出答案。

►解析：文章最后一段提到，如果一段记忆似乎被忘记了，通过提示它最终可能会被记起。人们得到的提示（比如图片）越多，恢复记忆的几率越大。也就是说提供足够的提示有助于记起信息，故C项正确。文中并没有说机械复述能增大记忆容量，故排除A。B项“人们建议把信息写下来以增强记忆”从常识来判断貌似正确，但文中并没有相应的说法，故排除。D项错在文中只提到选择题常用来考查需要大量记忆的科目，没有说这种题是最难的，故排除。

Passage Two

以前，只要我们富有了，就会开始讨论贫穷。现在为什么不这样了呢？为什么现在与财富和贫穷有关的政治观点似乎只是关于财富的？［62］八年前，当比尔·克林顿第一次竞选总统时，道琼斯平均指数低于3500，年联邦预算赤字永远是计划达到几千亿美元，没有人谈论“永远繁荣”或“新经济”。然而，在那段经济比较拮据的时期，克林顿将“不将一个人落在后面”看得十分重要。与此类似的“富有同情心的”虚华辞藻可能在大选中起了作用。

但异乎寻常的是，与八年前或更早的时期相比，现在有关贫穷的言论要少得多，八年前，全国经济状况不稳定，而更早的时候，国家觉得自己殷实富足。即使去年夏天，当克林顿用了几天时间到南达科他州的印第安人居留地及东圣路易的贫民区等贫困地区进行了一次高调的走访时，政府决定不将这次行动称为“贫困地区走访”，而将其称为“开拓新市场计划”。

［63］目前的状况部分上来说是一种合乎逻辑、由政策驱动的反应。贫穷的状况的确在过去几十年里有所缓解，特别是对少数民族而言。经济的增长是最令人着迷的解决办法，也正在被应用。被完全甩在这次经济繁荣之后的人们通常患有疾病、精神问题或者其他问题，这些问题现在没人有办法立刻解决。“经济将任何有准备的人，任何有能力应付现代生活的人都卷了进来，”富兰克林·D．雷恩斯说，他曾是行政管理和预算局局长，现在是范妮梅公司的首席执行官。当他和其他专门研究该问题的人讨论解决办法时，他们都经过了分析，谈到的都是长期的改变，涉及教育、工作技能的培养、劳动力市场的转变以及福利改革的调整等。

［64］但是我认为，有另一种力量造就了这个富裕得几乎见不到穷人的时代。这就是将繁荣的美国和那些被甩在后面的人分隔开来的不同寻常的社会等级和想象力的区分。它只是看不见，因为越来越多的地理、职业及社会障碍将某个群体遮挡在了其他群体的视线之外。

【议论文：现在人们谈论贫穷较少】

第1段：提出现象：现在富有了，却不谈论贫穷了。

第2段：与八年前相比，我们对贫穷谈论得较少。

第3段：我们谈论贫穷较少的原因之一是贫穷的情况有所缓解。

第4段：另一个原因是种种障碍使人们看不到穷人。

62. In the first paragraph, the word "straitened" means ______.

A) difficult

B) wealthy

C) distant

D) straightforward

在第一段中，单词“straitened”的意思是______。

A）困难的

B）富有的

C）遥远的

D）坦率的

►定位：根据题干中出现的the first paragraph及straitened将答案定位到第一段。

►解析：本题问某个词在文中的意思，要根据上下文来推断。上文提到，八年前，道琼斯平均指数低于3500，年联邦预算赤字计划永远是达到几千亿美元，由此可知，与现在相比，当时的经济状况更加拮据，故A项正确。straitened一词意为“经济拮据的”。

63. The author states that one important reason why we do not talk much about poverty is that ______.

A) no one knows what to do about it

B) poverty really is lower than it used to be

C) no one has been left out of the current boom

D) the president is not concerned about the poor

作者表示，我们不再经常谈论贫困的一个重要原因是______。

A）没有人知道该如何解决贫困问题

B）贫穷状况确实比过去有所缓解

C）没有人被完全甩在这次经济繁荣之后

D）总统不关心穷人

►定位：根据题干中的talk about poverty将答案定位到第二段。

►解析：本题问我们不再经常谈论贫穷的一个重要原因是什么。第二段开头提出，现在人们对贫困谈论得较少，但接下来并没有指明为什么，而在第三段给出了原因：贫穷的状况的确在过去几十年里有所缓解。由此可知，B项是正确答案。A项和D项所述内容文中没有提及。C项与文中“被完全甩在这次经济繁荣之后的人们……”不符，故排除。

64. After reading this passage, we can conclude that ______.

A) the relationship between the rich and the poor has changed

B) the good economy will soon end

C) we should pay more attention to poverty

D) all people benefit from good economic conditions

读完这篇文章后，我们能推断出______。

A）富人和穷人的关系已经改变

B）经济繁荣很快会结束

C）我们应该更加重视贫困问题

D）所有人都从好的经济发展状况中受益

►定位：根据题干可知，本题需要在读完全文后，对文章内容加以总结。

►解析：根据最后一段的内容可知，作者认为虽然贫穷的状况有所缓解，但贫穷还是存在的，只是因为我们被种种障碍蒙蔽了视线，看不到真实的贫困状况，所以我们应该更加重视贫穷问题，故C项正确。A项文中未提及，B项和D项过于绝对，故排除。

65. What is the author's purpose in writing this passage?

A) To entertain.

B) To tell a story.

C) To describe.

D) To persuade.

作者写这篇文章的目的是什么？

A）为了娱乐。

B）为了讲述一个故事。

C）为了描述现象。

D）为了说服读者。

►定位：本题问作者的写作目的，也需要通读全文后才能得出答案。

►解析：本文作者以中立的口吻描述了当代美国人较少谈论贫穷的现象，与C项“描述”相符，故选C。本题还可以采用排除法来做。很明显可以看出，本文不是为了娱乐读者或给读者讲故事，更不是劝读者做什么事，故A、B、D三项均可排除。

66. The main idea of the passage is that ______.

A) the country is enjoying economic growth

B) the poor are benefiting from today's good economy

C) we were more aware of the poor in the past than we are today

D) there were many more poor people in the past than there are today

文章大意是______。

A）全国经济正在增长。

B）穷人正从今天的经济繁荣中受益。

C）与今天相比，我们过去更关注穷人。

D）与今天相比，过去的穷人更多。

►定位：本题问文章的大意，同样需要对文章内容加以总结。

►解析：本文的主要内容是与从前相比，人们现在对贫穷问题谈论得较少，原因之一是贫穷的状况有所缓解，另一个原因是人们看不到穷人。这与C项“与今天相比，我们过去更关注穷人”相符，故本题选C。其他三项均不是文章的主要内容，故排除。

Part V　Cloze

根据联合国人口基金会一项新的报告，人类耗费地球资源的速度比以往任何时候都快。报告指出“环境破坏不单单是对资源的浪费；它还威胁到支撑人类发展的复杂结构”。报告还指出，我们需要对人类需求和环境需求给予迫切的关注，来找到它们之间的一个平衡点。

2001年世界人口状况报告指出，水资源供应和农业用地的供应处于不断增大的压力之下，如果我们不对其进行控制的话，我们的地球在未来将无法养活我们。报告指出，在过去的70年里，世界人口数量增至原来的三倍，达到61亿，同时用水量也增至原来的6倍。已经有5亿800万人生活在31个缺水国家。随着世界人口到2025年增长至（预计的）80亿，缺水问题很可能会恶化。

报告预计到2050年，42亿人将生活在无法满足人们日常生活基本需要的国家。目前不干净的水和恶劣的卫生条件每年会扼杀1200多万人的生命。报告称，粮食生产也会受到环境问题影响。

报告称，为了给未来的人口提供食宿并改善他们的饮食状况，世界粮食生产将不得不翻一番，“但因为可利用的耕地正在减少，大部分粮食产量将不得不来自于更好的收成，而不是新的耕地”。

根据报告，如果不扭转由消费和人口数量增加带来的环境破坏局面，世界贫困问题就不会得到缓解。报告表明，为了减轻地球的负担，我们需要尽全力提高人们的教育和健康水平，因为这反过来可以减少人口增长。

第1段：提出话题——报告指出，人类耗费自然资源的速度变得越来越快，并对人类发展构成威胁。

第2段：介绍报告得出的世界水资源使用与缺乏状况——人口数量大幅增加，水资源使用量增至原来的6倍，31个国家缺水。

第3段：介绍报告做出的预测——到2050年，世界将无法满足42亿人口的基本生活需求；水污染和糟糕的卫生状况将危害人类生命。

第4段：指出满足未来人口生活需求，必须提高农作物产量。

第5段：提出要改善环境，提高教育和健康水平，以减轻地球负担。

67. B

语境分析：本空位于第一段的第二句。第一句大意是：根据联合国人口基金会一项新的报告，人类耗费地球资源（Earth's resources）的速度比以往任何时候都快。而第二句直接引用该报告的内容，继续指出“环境破坏不单单是对______的浪费……”可见，该句与第一句是顺接关系，很明显此处应选B，属于原词复现。

词义分析：facilities“设施”；resources“资源”；reserves“储备”；sources“来源”。

68. A

语境分析：本空位于第一段的第二句。空格位于定语从句中，该从句修饰先行词complex structures。这一部分的意思是“它还威胁到______人类发展的复杂结构”，结合选项，只有A符合题意，意为“支撑，支持”。

词义分析：support“支持，支撑”；found“建立，创立”；retain“保持，保留”；advocate“提倡”。

69. D

语境分析：本空位于第一段的第三句。该段前两句讲述的是环境破坏，第三句则提出建议：我们需要对人类需求和环境需求给予______关注。结合选项，只有D符合题意，表示“迫切的，急切的”。

词义分析：intensive“加强的，强化的”；intense“极度的，强烈的”；emergent“紧急的”；urgent“迫切的，急切的”。

70. C

语境分析：本空仍位于第一段的第三句。由上题的分析可知，该句是为解决环境问题提供建议，结合选项可知，此处选C，即“找到人类需求与环境需求之间的一个平衡点”。

词义分析：equation“等式”；trade-off“权衡，取舍”；balance“平衡”；core“核心”。

71. A

语境分析：本空位于第二段的第一句。本句前半部分的大意是：水资源供应和农业用地的供应处于不断增大的压力之下。结合选项可知，此处考查固定搭配，under...pressure意为“处于……的压力之下”。

词义分析：under“在……之下”；into“到……里面”；below“在……之下”；beyond“超出……之上”。

72. D

语境分析：本空位于第二段的第一句。由上题分析可知，本句前半句大意是水资源和农业用地供应紧张。而后半句则说，“如果我们______，我们的地球在未来将无法养活我们”。结合选项可知，此处应选D，大意是“如果我们不控制的话”，unchecked表示“不控制的；放任的”。

词义分析：unnoticed“未被注意到的”；leave behind“留下；丢弃”；leave alone“不打扰；听任”；unchecked“不控制的；放任的”。

73. C

语境分析：本空位于第二段第二句的时间状语处，后面所修饰的句子的主体为the world's population has tripled to 6.1 billion people，此处要求的时间状语是“在过去的70年里”，四个介词选项中能符合这一语境的只有over，故本题选C。

词义分析：through“通过，穿过”；from“从”；over“在……期间”；along“沿着”。

74. B

语境分析：本空位于第二段的第二句。空格前的部分说明了过去70年间世界人口的增加量，而空格后则指出了水的使用量也增加了很多，可见两者是伴随关系，故选with，构成with介词结构，作伴随状语。

词义分析：in“在……里面”；with“和；与此同时”；by“通过……方式”；above“在……之上”。

75. D

语境分析：本空位于第二段的第四句。第四句中的the problem指的是第三句提到的“已经有5亿800万人生活在31个缺水国家”。由空格后的内容“到2050年，世界人口增长到80亿”可知，该处应选D，表示“（缺水）问题很可能恶化”。

词义分析：enhance“提高，增进”；heighten“提高，升高”；decline“降低”；worsen“恶化，变得更坏”。

76. A

语境分析：本空位于第二段的第四句。结合选项与上题分析可知，本句的大意是“预计到2050年，世界人口将增长到80亿”，故正确答案选A。

词义分析：projected“预计”，指基于现有资料或趋势做出的推测；speculated“推理，推测”，指没有确凿证据的推测；intended“想要，打算”；assessed“估算，估定”。

77. B

语境分析：本空位于第三段第一句。第二段中报告介绍了目前水资源和土地供应的紧张状况，并在该段结尾处指出，随着世界人口到2025年增长至80亿，缺水问题很可能会恶化。由此可判断，本段第一句应该承接上文，继续分析未来形势的恶化，该句的大意为“报告预计到2050年，42亿人将生活在无法满足人们……”。四个选项中符合这一语境的只有predicts“预测，预计”，故选B。

词义分析：specifies“具体说明”；predicts“预测，预计”；supposes“料想，认为”；clarifies“澄清，阐明”。

78. D

语境分析：本空位于第三段的第一句。由by 2050和the report predicts可知，这句话是报告中所预计的2050年的状况。由本段第二句的unclean water和poor sanitation可以推测，该句想表达的是“42亿人口将生活在无法满足人们日常生活基本需要的国家”，故选D。

词义分析：luxurious“奢侈的”；utmost“极度的，最远的”；intrinsic“固有的，本质的，内在的”；basic“基本的”。

79. A

语境分析：本空位于第三段的第三句。前一句说的是不干净的水和糟糕的卫生状况每年会使1200万人致死，而由该句中的also可知，该句是承接第二句，故推测该句想表达的是“粮食生产也会受环境问题影响”，所以选A。

词义分析：affected“影响”；effected作名词时，有“影响”之意，作动词时，是“产生，招致；实现”之意；reflected“反映，表现”；generated“产生，发生”。

80. D

语境分析：本空位于第四段的第一句。由and可知，______ the future population与improve their diets是并列关系，因此此处所填的词应与diets同属一类，四项中只有D符合，表示“为未来的人口提供食宿”。

词义分析：contain“包括，容纳”；lodge“提供临时住宿”；furnish“供应，提供”；accommodate“为……提供食宿”。

81. A

语境分析：本空位于第四段的第二句。前一句指出我们必须使粮食产量翻番。而由该句开头的but可知，这里要表示转折，想表达“可利用的耕地正在减少”的意思，结合选项可知，此处选A，表示“可耕地面积在减少”。

词义分析：shrinking“（范围、数量等）缩小，减少”；declining“下降；衰退”；contracting“收缩，使缩短”；waning“衰落；减弱”。

82. C

语境分析：本空仍位于第四段的第二句。since表示原因，也就是说，由于可利用的耕地不断减少，那么要增加产量，就应该靠更高的______。结合选项可知，此处选C，表示“产出，产量”，这个分句的大意是：大部分粮食产量将不得不来自于更好的收成，而不是新的耕地。

词义分析：output侧重于工业的产出；turnover“营业额，流通量”；yield侧重于农作物和农产品的产出；harvest“收获，收成”。

83. D

语境分析：本空位于第五段的第一句。本句想表达的意思是“如果不扭转环境恶化的局面，世界贫困问题就不会得到缓解”，故选D。

词义分析：lightened“减轻”，侧重于重量；raised“增加，提高”；elevated“升高”；eased“减弱，减轻”。

84. D

语境分析：本空仍位于第五段的第一句。本空位于非谓语短语caused by these increases in consumption and population ______中，作environmental damage的定语，意思是“由消费和人口______增加所带来的环境破坏”，结合选项，此处应选D。

词义分析：standards“标准，规格”；indexes“索引；指标”；norms“标准，规范”；levels“水平”，侧重程度或能力的高低。

85. D

语境分析：本空位于第五段的第二句。此处考查固定搭配，all efforts should be ______是被动语态，变成主动语态是should ______all efforts，因而此处选made，表示“尽最大努力”，其他三项不与effort搭配。

词义分析：tried“尝试”；taken“使用，占用”；done“做”；made all efforts“尽所有努力”。

86. B

语境分析：本空位于第五段的第二句。本句大意是，“为了减轻地球的负担，我们需要尽全力提高人们的教育和健康水平，因为这______可以减少人口增长。”结合选项，此处应选B，表示“反过来，转而”的意思。

词义分析：in effect“有效”；in turn“转而，反过来；依次”；in part“部分地”；by turns“轮流地，接替地”。

Part VI　Translation

87. exposing her to literature at an early age

【考查点】短语：expose sb. to sth., at an early age

【随学随练】Decades of research proved that parents play an important role by ___________________________________________ (使孩子在很小的年纪就接触第二种语言).

88. not everyone can resist the temptation to pursue money

【考查点】词汇：pursue

短语：resist＋名词，the temptation to do

【随学随练】I suspect _______________________________________________ (并不是每个人都能抵制住评判他人的冲动), so I remind myself that I can maintain peace of mind only when I forgive rather than judge.

89. Not until quite recently did I realize

【考查点】词汇：realize

句型：not until位于句首，主句部分倒装

【随学随练】_________________________________________ (直到那时我才意识到) how much courage they have taken to subject themselves to poverty.

90. some measures were taken about the traffic problem downtown

【考查点】短语：take measures

句型：It's time that从句用过去时表虚拟

【随学随练】It's time that ________________________________________ (采取措施防止类似事故发生).

91. before she told them that she had won a scholarship

【考查点】短语：win a scholarship

句型：before引导时间状语从句

【随学随练】The young man had written a lot of novels _______________________ (才在文学圈里成名).

答案速查

2013年6月大学英语四级考试答案速查

1. A　2. B　3. A　4. D　5. C　6. A　7. C

8. manpower to put together each one　9. cost　10. remains to be seen

11. C　12. A　13. B　14. A　15. B　16. D　17. C　18. D　19. A　20. B

21. C　22. B　23. D　24. A　25. D　26. B　27. C　28. A　29. D　30. C

31. D　32. C　33. A　34. A　35. B

36. locked　37. forgotten　38. Responsible　39. swift

40. collected　41. individuals　42. institutions　43. agencies

44. Surveys show that the number of worried Americans has been steadily growing over the years

45. 37 percent of the people questioned felt their privacy was being invaded.

46. A recent survey by a credit bureau reviewed that the number of alarmed citizens had shot up to 76 percent.

47. H　48. J　49. D　50. I　51. A　52. G　53. B　54. K　55. L　56. C

57. B　58. C　59. D　60. D　61. C　62. B　63. A　64. D　65. A　66. C

67. B　68. D　69. A　70. C　71. B　72. A　73. D　74. C　75. D　76. B

77. C　78. B　79. A　80. D　81. C　82. D　83. D　84. B　85. C　86. A

2012年12月大学英语四级考试答案速查

1. B　2. C　3. B　4. A　5. D　6. C　7. D

8. closed and inflexible　9. combined　10. reshaping entire industries

11. B　12. A　13. D　14. A　15. A　16. D　17. B　18. B　19. C　20. A

21. D　22. C　23. D　24. C　25. A　26. B　27. C　28. D　29. A　30. C

31. D　32. D　33. B　34. C　35. B

36. selection　37. knowledge　38. vegetables　39. purchase

40. determines　41. single　42. responsible　43. rush

44. Partly as a consequence of this limited time, over half of all American homes now have microwave ovens

45. The United States Department of Agriculture and the food industry collect sales statistics and keep accurate records

46. Red meat, which used to be the most popular choice for dinner, is no longer an American favorite

47. N　48. D　49. M　50. B　51. I　52. L　53. O　54. G　55. F　56. E

57. C　58. B　59. A　60. C　61. D　62. D　63. C　64. B　65. A　66. A

67. D　68. B　69. C　70. A　71. C　72. B　73. A　74. D　75. C　76. B

77. A　78. C　79. A　80. D　81. B　82. C　83. B　84. D　85. A　86. D

2012年6月大学英语四级考试答案速查

1. D　2. B　3. D　4. A　5. D　6. D　7. C

8. Simplicity　9. many different measures　10. tough subjects

11. C　12. A　13. A　14. B　15. A　16. B　17. A　18. D　19. A　20. C

21. A　22. B　23. B　24. A　25. C　26. B　27. B　28. D　29. B　30. C

31. D　32. B　33. D　34. A　35. C

36. calculators　37. handle　38. items　39. Responding

40. emergencies　41. rarely　42. occur　43. murders

44. there have been hundreds of thefts and cases of deliberate damaging of public property

45. Things get stolen when it is easy to steal them because they are left lying around unwatched

46. A better way to solve this problem might be for all of us to be more careful with our things

47. K　48. M　49. A　50. H　51. C　52. B　53. F　54. E　55. G　56. J

57. C　58. D　59. D　60. D　61. A　62. C　63. B　64. A　65. C　66. C

67. D　68. D　69. C　70. C　71. A　72. D　73. D　74. D　75. A　76. B

77. C　78. B　79. A　80. B　81. C　82. B　83. A　84. B　85. C　86. D

2011年12月大学英语四级考试答案速查

1. A　2. C　3. A　4. B　5. A　6. C　7. A

8. steal a grade　9. honesty and good faith　10. the Watergate scandal

11. B　12. D　13. C　14. A　15. B　16. D　17. A　18. B　19. C　20. C

21. C　22. B　23. C　24. C　25. D　26. C　27. B　28. A　29. B　30. D

31. B　32. D　33. A　34. B　35. A

36. company　37. single　38. completely　39. vacation

40. sewn　41. electricity　42. Evidence　43. journey

44. I remember being carefully taught that independence, not interdependence, was everything

45. what my parents were trying to teach me was to take responsibility for my actions and my choices

46. I would do almost anything not to be a burden, and not require any help from anybody

47. H　48. A　49. N　50. O　51. D　52. M　53. C　54. G　55. K　56. B

57. C　58. A　59. C　60. A　61. C　62. C　63.D　64. A　65. D　66. C

67. B　68. D　69. A　70. B　71. A　72. B　73.C　74. D　75. D　76. B

77. D　78. B　79. A　80. D　81. D　82. A　83. B　84. A　85. B　86. C

2011年6月大学英语四级考试答案速查

1. B　2. A　3. B　4. C　5. C　6. D　7. B

8. the local markets　9. in a British way　10. share their meals

11. A　12. A　13. A　14. D　15. D　16. C　17. C　18. B　19. D　20. D

21. A　22. D　23. B　24. B　25. B　26. C　27. C　28. D　29. D　30. A

31. C　32. A　33. A　34. A　35. C

36. survive　37. distant　38. backward　39. discovered

40. scientific　41. motion　42. predicted　43. introduced

44. that move at a speed greater than light, and therefore, might serve as our passports to the past

45. seems to have been part of humanity for as long as humans have existed

46. used a definition of time for experimental purposes, as that which is measured by a clock

47. N　48. L　49. H　50. B　51. A　52. J　53. F　54. O　55. E　56. G

57. D　58. D　59. A　60. D　61. A　62. B　63. A　64. B　65. D　66. D

67. D　68. C　69. A　70. B　71. B　72. A　73. C　74. A　75. C　76. B

77. A　78. C　79. B　80. B　81. C　82. D　83. B　84. C　85. D　86. C

2010年12月大学英语四级考试答案速查

1. A　2. D　3. B　4. D　5. B　6. B　7. C

8. separated　9. the wild world　10. harmony

11. D　12. D　13. C　14. C　15. C　16. B　17. C　18. D　19. D　20. A

21. A　22. A　23. B　24. C　25. C　26. D　27. B　28. A　29. D　30. C

31. A　32. B　33. C　34. D　35. B

36. preserve　37. appreciate　38. households　39. chat

40. convenient　41. rates　42. receive　43. submit

44. They are also sharing information about concerts and sports events, as well as jokes and their philosophies of life

45. A hand-written note to a friend or a family member is the best way to communicate important thoughts

46. This writing practice brings rewards that can't be seen in bank accounts

47. M　48. L　49. E　50. A　51. B　52. N　53. I　54. J　55. G　56. H

57. C　58. A　59. B　60. D　61. A　62. D　63. B　64. A　65. A　66. B

67. D　68. C　69. A　70. D　71. B　72. D　73. C　74. A　75. D　76. B

77. B　78. B　79. C　80. A　81. D　82. A　83. D　84. A　85. B　86. C

2010年6月大学英语四级考试答案速查

1. A　2. D　3. C　4. A　5. C　6. B　7. B

8. had an Internet addiction　9. professional help　10. online dating

11. C　12. A　13. C　14. A　15. A　16. D　17. C　18. D　19. B　20. D

21. D　22. B　23. A　24. C　25. B　26. A　27. D　28. B　29. B　30. C

31. D　32. D　33. B　34. A　35. C

36. curious　37. figuring　38. independent　39. unusual

40. interacting　41. formal　42. abstract　43. mystery

44. he has found out how it works and learned to use it appropriately

45. by trying it out and seeing whether it works, by gradually changing it and refining it

46. including many of the concepts that the schools think only they can teach him

47. G　48. K　49. J　50. L　51. H　52. D　53. E　54. O　55. F　56. I

57. D　58. A　59. C　60. C　61. A　62. B　63. A　64. C　65. C　66. B

67. C　68. B　69. B　70. B　71. B　72. D　73. A　74. A　75. B　76. D

77. A　78. D　79. C　80. D　81. B　82. D　83. D　84. A　85. C　86. A

大学英语四级考试模拟试题一答案速查

1. B　2. D　3. A　4. C　5. C　6. D　7. D

8. check his e-mails twice a day　9. assess his workload　10. books

11. C　12. D　13. D　14. B　15. A　16. B　17. B　18. C　19. D　20. B

21. B　22. A　23. C　24. A　25. D　26. D　27. C　28. B　29. B　30. D

31. C　32. A　33. C　34. B　35. B

36. website　37. rarely　38. shorthand　39. independent

40. signifying　41. formula　42. accompanied　43. readership

44. Then an odd thing happened: people made fun of the prose, but they kept reading Pitchfork

45. Pitchfork's reviews of artists previously considered unknown or underground

46. by 2005, they had performed on Saturday Night Live, been nominated for two Grammys and guest-starred on Fox's teen drama The O.C.

47. M　48. I　49. B　50. K　51. L　52. E　53. F　54. H　55. C　56. O

57. C　58. B　59. D　60. A　61. D　62. C　63. D　64. A　65. B　66. B

67. A　68. B　69. B　70. D　71. D　72. C　73. A　74. C　75. D　76. B

77. B　78. B　79. D　80. A　81. A　82. A　83. B　84. C　85. D　86. B

大学英语四级考试模拟试题二答案速查

1. C　2. C　3. A　4. B　5. C　6. C　7. D

8. processing power　9. hands-free phones　10. intense social pressures

11. D　12. C　13. B　14. D　15. A　16. C　17. B　18. A　19. C　20. B

21. D　22. A　23. B　24. C　25. C　26. B　27. A　28. D　29. D　30. A

31. D　32. B　33. D　34. A　35. B

36. ignored　37. contrary　38. subtle　39. ready

40. seeking　41. observes　42. authority　43. element

44. The child may be able to attain his immediate goal only to find that his method brings criticism from people who observe him

45. Thus, the desire to solve any objective situation is overlaid with the desire to solve it properly

46. If one is to maintain the support of others and his own respect, he must adopt response his social group approves

47. G　48. L　49. I　50. O　51. H　52. F　53. E　54. A　55. J　56. D

57. D　58. C　59. B　60. A　61. C　62. D　63. B　64. D　65. C　66. D

67. A　68. B　69. D　70. C　71. A　72. D　73. D　74. B　75. C　76. A

77. D　78. D　79. A　80. B　81. C　82. D　83. A　84. D　85. B　86. C

大学英语四级考试模拟试题三答案速查

1. B　2. C　3. A　4. C　5. D　6. C　7. B

8. overall white women　9. the beauty industry's standards　10. beauty and desirability

11. B　12. D　13. D　14. B　15. B　16. A　17. C　18. A　19. B　20. C

21. C　22. A　23. C　24. A　25. D　26. C　27. B　28. A　29. A　30. B

31. C　32. D　33. A　34. A　35. D

36. applicants'　37. entrance　38. standards　39. sums

40. correspondent　41. turned　42. executive　43. intelligence

44. only about 200 out of 2,000 candidates are chosen after the rest have been knocked out by the Service's own examinations and interviews

45. These forged certificates are not easy to distinguish from the real ones, and can be bought at ￡25 apiece

46. Fake degrees and diplomas, including Ph. D. degrees, can be obtained for as little as ￡20

47. D　48. F　49. C　50. K　51. B　52. M　53. J　54. N　55. O　56. I

57. B　58. A　59. D　60. A　61. C　62. A　63. B　64. C　65. C　66. C

67. B　68. A　69. D　70. C　71. A　72. D　73. C　74. B　75. D　76. A

77. B　78. D　79. A　80. D　81. A　82. C　83. D　84. D　85. D　86. B

大学英语四级核心词汇

写作词汇

a time filler 消磨时间的事物

a valuable experience 宝贵的经历

a variety of 多种的

a waste of time and resources 浪费时间和资源

a wide range of 大范围的，各式各样的

abandon oneself to 沉溺于

absorb the quintessence 吸取精华

academic performance 学习表现

academic pressure 学业压力

accumulate v. 堆积

addictive a. 上瘾的

admission charge 入场费

admission fee 门票费

advocate v. 提倡

aesthetic a. 美学的

affect v./n. 影响

aim at 针对

allow v. 允许

alluring a. 吸引人的

an example to 是…的榜样

an increasing number of 越来越多的

approach n. 方法

artistic value 艺术价值

as a result 结果

as far as I am concerned 就我而言

assume responsibility 承担责任

authoritative a. 权威的

available a. 可获得的

backbone n. 脊骨；支柱，基础

be aware of 意识到

be dumped into 被倒进，被丢进

be obsessed with 沉迷于

be out of line with practice 不切实际

be passed down 传递

be related to 与…相关

be wasteful with 浪费

bear the pressure 承受压力

bear...in mind 牢记

build on 建立在…之上

bury v. 埋葬

by means of 通过…的方式

call upon 号召

campus n. 校园

cancel v. 取消

carbon emission 碳排放

carbon imprint 碳足迹

carelessness n. 粗心

celebrated a. 著名的

cherish v. 珍视，珍爱

civilization n. 文明；文明社会

club n. 俱乐部

commercial n. 商业广告

compare to 与…相比

comprehensive a. 全面的

consequence n. 结果

contribute v. 贡献

cope with 应付

costume n. 服装

course n. 课程

cradle of culture 文化摇篮

cross-talk n. 相声

cultivate v. 培养，养成

damage v. 破坏

damage environment 破坏环境

deal with 处理

degrade v. 降解

depredate v. 掠夺；破坏

detract v. 转移

development of personality 个性发展

discontinue one's studying 辍学

disposable plastic bag 一次性塑料袋

diversify v. 使多样化

efficiency n. 功率，功效

elective n. 选修课

enlarge v. 增长；扩大

environmental awareness 环保意识

environmental pollution 环境污染

error n. 错误

exam n. 考试

opening time 开馆时间

fail v. 失败，未能做到

fail to 不能

flow n. 泛滥

focus on 集中于

folk art 民间艺术

for free 免费

forthcoming exhibition 即将进行的展出

foster v. 培养

free of charge 免费

freedom n. 自由

get caught up in 着迷于

get involved in 参与

get together with 与…相聚

give a break 休息

give sb. freedom in doing sth. 给某人做某事的自由

great and profound 博大精深的

have a vision 有愿景

healthful a. 有益健康的

highlight n. 最精彩的部分

historic relics 历史文物

hold the idea 认为

humanity n. 人性

ignore v. 忽略

immortal a. 不朽的

in addition 另外

in my opinion 在我看来

in recent years 近年来

in the light of 考虑到，鉴于

independent a. 独立的

indigenous a. 本土的

induce v. 劝诱

industrial waste 工业废料

innovate v. 创新

inspire v. 鼓舞

instruction n. 指导

intolerable a. 无法忍受的

irresponsible a. 不负责任的

it is not wise for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说，做…是不明智的

key parts of 关键部分

kill time 消磨时间

landfill n. 垃圾场

laziness n. 懒惰

learn about 学习

leave with 给…留下

limited a. 有限的

low-energy light bulb 节能灯泡

lure v. 引诱

major n. 专业

make a mistake 犯错误

make decision 做决定

matter v. 要紧，有关系

memorialize v. 纪念

messy a. 肮脏的

misleading a. 引入歧途的；误导的

modern age 当代

modern society 现代社会

negative a. 消极的

objective a. 客观的

occupy v. 占用

of great importance 非常重要的

of little weight or importance 不重要的

old-fashioned a. 过时的

once in a while 偶尔，有时

one-sided a. 片面的

ongoing a. 正在进行的

open-minded a. 思想开放的

out of fashion 不流行的

out-of-date a. 过时的

overdo v. 做得过火，夸张

over-protective a. 过分溺爱孩子的

pay attention to 注意

penalize v. 惩罚

physically ad. 身体上地

play an active role 发挥积极作用

point out 指出

positive a. 积极的

potentially 潜在地

practical capability 实际能力

pressure n. 压力

prevail v. 盛行；占上风

preventive a. 预防性的

problem n. 问题

pros and cons 利弊

punishment n. 惩罚

pursue v. 追求

quality-oriented education 素质教育

quiz n. 测试

raise...cultural level 提高文化水平

realization n. 实现

recognize v. 认识到

reconstruct v. 重建，改造

recreational activity 娱乐活动

reform n./v. 改革

refrain v. 自制，节制

resist the temptation 抵制诱惑

resource exhaustion 资源枯竭

responsibility n. 责任

restrain v. 抑制

reveal v. 出现

revel in 沉迷于

rewarding a. 值得的

rigid a. 严格的

sacrifice v. 牺牲，献身

save energy 节约能源

screw...up 把…搞砸

self-control n. 自控（能力）

self-discipline n. 自律

set off fireworks 放烟花

sewage purification 污水净化

sewage treatment 污水处理

shelter n./v. 遮蔽；保护

shopping trip 购物之旅

shortage of natural resources 自然资源短缺

significant a. 重要的

skip class 逃课

source n. 源头

spelling n. 拼写

spirit n. 精神

splendid a. 壮丽的

spread n./v. 传播

spring n. 泉水

squeeze time 挤时间

store food 存储食物

strength n. 优点

strict a. 严格的

successful a. 成功的

sustainable development 可持续发展

take advantage of 利用

take effective measure 采取有效措施

take over 接管；接替

take pride in 以…为荣

take up 占用

task n. 任务

the focus of attention 关注的焦点

throw out 扔掉

ticket office 售票处

time-consuming a. 消耗时间的

tradition n. 传统

traditional culture 传统文化

training n. 训练；练习

transform v. 转换

transmit v. 传播

trash bag 垃圾袋

treasure n. 财富，财产

trifling a. 微不足道的

unfortunately ad. 不幸地

utilize v. 利用

value v. 重视

vocabulary n. 词汇

wallow in 沉湎于

waste disposal 废物处理

white pollution 白色污染

wile away the time 消磨时间

wisdom n. 智慧

阅读词汇

ability n. 能力，才能

abundant a. 丰富的

access to 接近

accommodation n. 住宿

accomplish v. 完成，达到，实现

achieve v. 完成，达到

acquaintance n. 熟人

acting n. 表演

add...to... 把…加到…上

addicted a. 上瘾的

advance v. 前进；提前

advocate n. 提倡者

affect v. 影响

affordable a. 承担得起的

aggressive a. 进取的；好斗的

aggressive behaviour 攻击行为

alert v. 警告

already ad. 已经

altitude n. 海拔

analyze v. 分析

ancestral a. 祖先的

appeal v. 呼吁，请求

applicant n. 申请人，应聘者

approach v. 靠近，走近

appropriate a. 适当的，恰当的

approximately ad. 大约

argue over 辩论、争论某事

arise v. 出现

aspect n. 方面

assume v. 假定，设想

assuming a. 傲慢的，不逊的

at risk 有危险

at the rate of 以…的速度

attractive a. 吸引人的

balloon n. 气球

base on 以…为基础，基于

be concerned with 涉及

be fascinated by 使着迷，被吸引

be reluctant to 不情愿，不愿意

big-name a. 有名的

biotechnology n. 生物技术

birdsong n. 鸟鸣声

blur v.（使）变模糊；（使）难以区分

boom n. 迅速发展

boost v. 促进

boyhood n. 少年时代

budget n. 预算

cable operator 有线电视运营商

calm down 平静下来，镇定下来

care for 关心，照顾

casual a. 随便的；偶然的

celebrate v. 庆祝

centre on 集中于

champagne n. 香槟

channel n. 频道

character n. 特性，特征；人物

charge up 冲向前；记账；充电

chat v. 聊天

check book 支票簿

check-out n. 结账

check-up 体检

child-centred a. 以孩子为中心的

claim n./v. 要求，主张

clumsy a. 笨拙的

code of conduct 行为准则，行为规范

collaborative a. 协作的

come to the fore 涌现出来

comic book 漫画书

commercial return 商业回报

commercial world 商界

commercialization n. 商业化

commit to 致力于

communicate v. 沟通，交流

commitment n. 承诺

communicate...with 与…交流

compensate v. 补偿

complain to sb. 向某人抱怨

complaint n. 投诉，抱怨

completely ad. 完全地

complex a. 复杂的

comprehensive a. 全面的，广泛的

conflict n. 冲突

conform to 符合

confrontation n. 冲突

constantly ad. 经常地；坚持不懈地

contrary to 和…相反

contribute v. 贡献

contribution n. 贡献

cooperative a. 合作的

correspond to 与…一致

crisis n. 危机

curb v. 控制，约束

cure v. 治愈

cut back 削减

daily a. 每日的，日常的 n. 日报

dashed hope 希望受挫

declare v. 断言，宣称

delay v. 耽搁

derive v. 起源

describe v. 描述

designer n. 设计师

desire n./v. 渴望；希望

detection n. 检查

detective n. 警探，侦探 a. 侦探（用）的

determine v. 决定

deterrent a. / n. 威慑的（力量）

devise v. 发明

diagnostic manual 诊断指南

dim a. 暗淡的

diplomatic a. 外交上的；老练的

discipline v. 惩罚

display v. 表现，展示

disproportionately ad. 不成比例地；不相称地

distance learning 远程教育

distinguish between 区别，分辨

disturbance n. 干扰，障碍

diversity n. 差异；多样性

donation n. 捐赠

doubtfully ad. 怀疑地

dramatic a. 戏剧性的；巨大的

draw on 依照

dropout n. 辍学者

due to 由于

eliminate v. 消除；排除

emission n. 排放，释放

emotional a. 情绪的，情感的

engage in 参加

enhance v. 提高；增强

enormous a. 巨大的，庞大

enroll v. 招收

entertain v. 娱乐；招待

entire a. 全部的

equivalent a. 相等的；相当的

equivalent of 等同于

escape v. 逃亡；逃避

especially ad. 特别，尤其

essential a. 基本的，必要的

essentially ad. 本质上

establish v. 建设，建立；制定

established a. 已制定的，确定的

exception n. 例外

excessive a. 过度的，过多的

exemplify v. 例证

expand v. 扩大

extent n. 程度，范围

extreme a. 极端的，极度的 n. 极端

eye contact 眼神交流

fabric n. 面料，织物

face-to-face a. 面对面的

fall apart v. 崩溃

Federal Aviation Authority 美国联邦航空管理局

feedback n. 反馈

financial aid 财政补助

flip side 反面；负面

focus on 聚焦于

for better or worse 无论好坏

forward a. 早的，前面的 ad. 向前地 n.（足球等的）前锋 v. 促进；递送

fossil fuel 矿物燃料

fraction n. 小部分

frequent v. 光顾

from one's perspective 从某人的角度看

frustration n. 挫折

function v. 运行

fund-raising n. 筹款，募款

gambling n. 赌博

gap n. 差距

gear...toward 使适合于

generally speaking 一般而言

generate v. 产生；引起

geologist n. 地质学家

geopolitical a. 地缘政治的

get into trouble 陷入困境

global integration 全球一体化

go a long way 对…大有帮助

grant v. 授予；承认

greeter n. 顾客接待员

grocery n. 杂货店；食品杂货

handle v. 处理

have a go at 尝试

have sth. in common with 和…有共同点

head to 朝…方向前进

high-end n. 高端；高档

highlight v. 强调

hinder v. 阻碍；打扰

historic a. 有历史意义的

homing signal 进站信号

homogeneous a. 同种的

hot-tempered a. 性急的；易怒的

hungry for 渴望

identify v. 辨别

image n. 图像；肖像

immune system 免疫系统

impulsive behaviour 冲动的行为

in between 在两者之间

in collaboration with 与…合作

in response to 响应，回答

in terms of 依据；按照

in the face of 面对

inappropriately ad. 不适当地

inconvenient a. 不方便的

incredibly ad. 难以置信的；非常地

in-depth a. 深入的；彻底的

indicate v. 表明，显示

indispensable a. 必不可少的

infancy n. 婴儿期；初期

inflation n. 通货膨胀

information n. 信息

initiative a. 主动的，自发的 n. 倡议

inspire v. 鼓舞，激励

instinctively ad. 本能地

institutional a. 制度的

instruction n. 教导；说明

insult v. 侮辱

intellectual a. 智力的

intend to 打算，想要

interconnect v. 相互联系

interval n. 间隔

intervene v. 干涉，干预

interview n./v. 接见；采访

jointly ad. 共同地

journal n. 日记；杂志，学术期刊

keep pace with 并驾齐驱，与…保持同步

keep sb. occupied 占用某人所有的时间

know-it-all n. 无所不知的人

laptop n. 笔记本电脑

laundry n. 洗衣（店）；待洗的衣服

layout n. 布局

lead the way 带路

live up to 不辜负

longstanding a. 长时间的，为时甚久的

loyalty n. 忠诚，忠心

lung cancer 肺癌

mainstream n. 主流

make a point of 重视

make believe 假扮的；虚幻的

manufacture v. 生产

map out 安排，筹划

mark-up n. 涨价

mass n. 众多

media n. 媒体，媒介

merit aid n.（按学习成绩评定的）奖学金

merry-go-round n. 旋转木马

mindless a. 不需要动脑的

minefield n. 雷区；充满潜在危险的事物

minimize v. 最小化

miss out 错过；遗漏

mission n. 任务，使命

model n. 型号

moment n. 瞬间

monitor v. 监测

multidisciplinary a. 有关各种学问的

municipal a. 市政的

mutual a. 相互的

naked a. 裸体的；无遮盖的

narrow n. 窄道 v. 变窄

narrowcasting n. 窄带广播

naturally ad. 自然地

negative a. 否定的；消极的

neglectful a. 疏忽的

negotiate v. 谈判；交涉

news n. 新闻，消息

newsweekly n. 新闻周刊

notion n. 观念

occasionally ad. 偶尔

odds n.（事物发生的）可能性，概率

offer v. 提供

on average 平均

on the basis of 以…为基础

on the rise 在上升

one-sided a. 单方面的

one-way street 单行道

organic a. 有机的

ostrich n. 鸵鸟

out-of-stock a. 无现货的

outweigh 超过

overwhelming a. 压倒性的；势不可挡的

painful a. 疼痛的，痛苦的

panel n. 仪表板

parking lot 停车场

participation n. 参加，参与

perception n. 观念；看法

performance n. 成绩；表现

permission n. 允许

personnel n. 人员；职员

phase out 逐渐淘汰

pile up 堆积，成为一堆

place strain on 给…施压

pop up 突然出现

positive a. 积极的

post-doctoral a. 博士后的

potential a. 潜在的 n. 潜力

pour v. 大量投入

power v. 供电

preference n. 偏爱

premature a. 过早的

preoccupy v. 占据（某人的思想）；迷住

pretty much 几乎

prevailing a. 普遍的；盛行的

preventive a. 预防的

primarily ad. 主要地；首先

prioritize v. 将…优先

privacy n. 隐私

proceed n. 收入，收益 v. 开始，继续进行

profession n. 职业；专业

profitable a. 赢利的，有利润的

profound a. 深远的

project v. 计划；发射

prominent a. 显著的，突出的；卓越的

properly ad. 适当地

prospect n. 前景

protect v. 保护

provision n. 提供；供给

psychological a. 心理的；精神的

psychological symptom 心理症状

psychologist n. 心理学家

purchase v. 购买 n. 购买；买到的东西

put blame on 责备

put into 使处于某种状态

puzzled a. 困惑的

quality n. 质量；品质

quote v. 引用

rack n. 架子

raise v. 提高；养育

raised a. 凸起的

rather than 而不是

real estate 房地产

reality television 真人秀

really ad. 真正地，实在地

recommend v. 推荐

reconstruct v. 重现；重组

recording n. 录音带，唱片

recover v. 找回；恢复健康

recruit v. 补充；征募

reduce v. 减少

refine v. 使变得完善

regardless of 不管，不顾

register v. 注册

regret n. 遗憾，悔恨

rely on 依赖于

remarkably ad. 非常地；显著地

replace v. 替换

replacement n. 替代物

reputation n. 名誉

require v. 要求；命令

research associate 助理研究员

respect v./n. 尊重，尊敬

respectively ad. 分别地

respondent n. 受访者

restorative a. 恢复健康的；促进康复的

result in 导致

résumé n. 简历

retail n./v. 零售

retail store 零售商店

retailer n. 零售商

reveal v. 展现；暴露

revenue n. 收益

rightly ad. 正确地；恰当地

rigid a. 严格的

rob v./n. 抢劫

role n. 角色；任务

rude a. 粗鲁的

scale n. 范围 v. 量，衡量

scan v. 浏览

scary a. 引起惊慌的，吓人的

self-affirmation n. 自我肯定

self-esteem n. 自尊

selfishly ad. 自私地

sense n. 意义 v. 感觉到

sensitive a. 敏感的，灵敏的

separable a. 可分离的

shift v. 改变

shift from...to... 由…向…转化

shortage n. 缺乏；不足

shortcoming n. 缺点

shove v. 推

sit back 不采取行动，袖手旁观

situation n. 情况

skeleton n. 骨骼；尸骸

skeptical a. 怀疑的

slip into 滑入；陷入

smart a. 聪明的，机智的

smooth over 平息；缓和

sociable a. 好交际的

solemn a. 严肃的，庄重的

solution n. 解决办法

specific a. 特定的

spring water 泉水

stability n. 稳定性

stack against 使不利于

stainless steel 不锈钢

standard n. 标准

statistic n. 统计数值

step back 后退

straightforward a. 坦率的

strike v.（疾病）侵袭；罢工

strive to 追求

stroke n. 轻抚

substantial a. 大量的

suburb n. 郊区

supplier n. 供应商

supply n./v. 供应，补给

surrender v. 放弃

surroundings n. 环境

survivor n. 幸存者

suspect n. 嫌疑人；怀疑

sustainable a. 可持续的

swear at 咒骂

talking-to n. 斥责

tap into 深入了解

tap water 自来水

technically ad. 技术上；工艺上

technology n. 工艺，技术

tend to 趋向

the loss of …的丧失

therapy n. 疗法

tissue n. 组织

top-level a. 高层的

total a. 全部的

totally ad. 完全地

track v. 跟踪

turn to 转向

turn up 出现

typically ad. 通常；典型地

ultimate a. 最终的

ultimately ad. 最终

unconscious a. 未发觉的，无意识的

unconverted a. 不变的，无变化的

undergraduate n. 大学生

underline v. 强调

undertake v. 从事；承担

unidentified a. 无法识别身份的；未确定的

universal a. 普遍的

unsure a. 不肯定的，不确定的

urge n. 迫切的要求，强烈的愿望 v. 催促；力劝

utilize v. 利用

variation n. 变化；变体

vast a. 巨大的；广阔的

vice chancellor 大学副校长

videogame n. 电子游戏

visibility n. 能见度；可见性

voluntary a. 自愿的，志愿的

wake up 醒来

ward off 避开

widen v. 加宽，扩展

withstand v. 承受

World of Warcraft 《魔兽世界》

wrongdoing n. 坏事，不道德的行为

yet ad. 仍；至今

听力词汇

a stack of 一堆

a variety of 各种各样的

academically ad. 学术地；在学习方面

accomplish v. 实现

acquire v. 学到

acre n. 英亩

adapt from 根据…改写

address v. 向…发表演说

adjust v. 调整

administrative work 行政工作

adoptee n. 被领养者

adoption n. 领养，收养

adoptive parents 养父母

adviser n. 顾问

alarming a. 使人震惊的，令人担忧的

album cover 唱片封套

amateur a. 业余的 n. 业余爱好者

ambitious a. 有抱负的，有野心的

an element of 少许；一点点

ancestor n. 祖先

announce v. 宣布

annual a. 每年的

anyway adj. 不管怎样

apartment n. 公寓

apologize n. 道歉

appliance n. 器具，装置

application n. 申请

appreciate v. 感激

approximately ad. 大约

arrange v. 安排

arrest v. 逮捕

as a matter of fact 事实上

as a result of 由于

assignment n. 作业

associate with 与…有联系

association n. 联想

assume v. 想当然地认为

at one's cost 自费，费用由某人承担

at the bottom of 在…的底部

atmosphere n. 环境；气氛

automatically ad. 无意识地，不自觉地

available a. 可用的；可获得的

background n. 背景

bad-tempered a.（人）脾气坏的，易怒的

bank account 银行存款

be aware of 知道，意识到

be bound to 必然，一定

be faced with 面对

be fascinated with 对…着迷

be fed up with 厌烦

be likely to 可能

be on the alert 注意，提防

be responsible for 对…负责

be supposed to 应该

benefit n. 利益；津贴

bet n./v. 打赌

better off 富裕的；经济状况好的

biological parent 亲生父母

blended a. 混合的

blended family 混合家庭

blockade n. 阻塞；封锁

book jacket 书籍护封

break up with sb. 与某人分手

breakdown n. 故障；（沟通）失败

brilliant a. 聪明的

brush up on 温习

bushy a. 浓密的

businesslike a. 有条理的

by any chance 万一

cable company 有线电视公司

call on 拜访

can't wait to 迫不及待做某事

cancel v. 取消

capital n. 资金，资本

care about 关心，在乎

care for sb. 照顾，照料

cash n. 现金

catch a glimpse of 瞥见

check v. 检查

check-out n. 付账离开；结账处

choke v. 窒息

circular a. 循环的

circulate around 围绕

city council 市议会

claim n./v. 声称

clash n./v. 冲突；碰撞

classify v. 分类，归类

coach n. 教练

collaborate on 合作

colleague n. 同事

column n. 列；圆柱

combine v. 组合

combine with 与…结合

come true 实现

come up with 想出

comment n. 评论

commit suicide 自杀

communicate with 与…交流

comparison n. 比较

compelling a. 引人注目的；强制的

complain v. 投诉，抱怨

complaint n. 抱怨

complexity n. 复杂性

composition n. 作文

comprehend v. 理解

conceal v. 隐瞒

concentrate on 专心于，把思想集中于

conservative a. 保守的

construction n. 建造

contaminate v. 污染

context n. 背景

contribute to 为…做贡献

controversial a. 有争议的

convincing a. 有说服力的

councilor n. 议员；顾问

creative a. 创造性的

crime rate 犯罪率

criminology n. 犯罪学

crop n. 庄稼

cure n./v. 治疗

curiosity n. 好奇心

currently ad. 目前，如今

customer satisfaction 客户满意度

degree n. 学位

demanding a. 要求苛刻的

democratization n. 民主化

depend on 取决于，依…而定；依靠，依赖

depressed a. 沮丧的

derive from 源于

descriptive a. 描述的，叙述的

designer n. 设计师

despairing a. 无望的

devotion n. 奉献；献身

diminish v. 减少

disappointedly ad. 失望地

discouraging a. 令人沮丧的

distinguished a. 著名的，有名的

distinguishing mark 明显的标志

distract v. 转移；分心

distressed a. 沮丧的

distribution n. 分配

district manager 区域经理

disturbing a. 令人不安的

diversity n. 多样化

divorce n. 离婚

donation n. 捐赠，捐款

draw on 使用，利用

drawback n. 缺点

drive out 驾车外出

drug store 药店

dynamics n. 动力学；动力

economic recession 经济衰退

effective a. 有效的

elaborate a. 详尽的

electricity board 电力局，供电局

elementary a. 初级的；基本的

elementary school 小学

emergence n. 出现

emergency room 急诊室

empower v. 使能够；授权

encounter v. 遇到；遭遇

energy crisis 能源危机

engage in 从事，参加

entertaining a. 愉快的，有趣的

episode n. 情节；（电视剧等的）一集

essay n. 散文

essential a. 基本的；必要的

eventually ad. 最后

evidence n. 证据

excellent a. 优秀的

exception n. 例外

exchange information 交换信息

exert an important influence on 在…方面发挥重要作用

extra a. 额外的

factual a. 事实的

fascinating a. 迷人的

fast-moving a. 迅速移动的

father-in-law n. 岳父

fatigue n. 疲劳

figure n. 数字；图表

figure out 理解，弄明白

fill out 填写

find out 查明（真相等）

firm a. 坚定的 n. 公司

fix up 修理，修补

flash v. 闪光；反射

flexibility n. 适应性，灵活性

focus on 集中于

foot n. 英寸

formal instruction 正规教学

fresh a. 新鲜的

frustration n. 挫败，挫折

fully ad. 充分地，完全地

funeral n. 葬礼

generate v. 产生，发生

generous a. 大方的

get a fever 发烧

get around sb. 哄骗某人

get by 过得去，尚可

get on with 与…相处得很好

get rid of 摆脱

get sth. back 拿回某物

get tired of 对…厌烦

give off 发出或放出（光、热等）

gloomy a. 令人沮丧的，令人失望的

go off to 动身前往

go over 重温，回顾

grab v. 夺走，抢夺

greenhouse n. 温室

grow out of 从…中产生

hang out 挂出；闲逛

hardened criminal 惯犯

have a reputation for 以…而闻名

have contact with... 与…有联系

have much to do with 与…有很大关系

have nothing to do with 与…没关系

hazard n. 危险

head waiter（饭店）领班

health insurance 健康保险

heart attack 心脏病发作

heartbreak n. 心碎；伤心事

heritage n. 遗产；传统

high-quality a. 高质量的

homemaker n. 主妇

hook up with 与…联系；连接

human relationship 人际关系

humanity n. 人类；人性；人文学科

ideal a. 理想的

identify v. 识别，认同

image n. 印象；形象

imitation n. 模仿

immigrant a. 移民的

immigration n. 移民

impact n./v. 影响

impermanent a. 暂时的

implement v. 实施，执行

imply v. 暗示

in addition to 除…之外

in advance 提前

in any case 无论如何，不管怎样

in charge 负责，主管

in comparison 相比之下

in contrast 相反

in exchange for 作为…的交换

in this case 在这种情况下

inconvenience n. 不便

increasingly ad. 越来越多地

individual n. 个人

industrialize v.（使）工业化

industrialized a. 工业化的

infant n. 婴儿

inflation rate 通货膨胀率

informative speaking 教育性演讲

ingredient n. 因素，成分

initiative n. 主动性

inquiring a. 探询的

instead of 而不是

instructor n. 教师，指导者

instrument n. 工具；乐器

intelligence n. 智慧

intelligent a. 聪明的

interact v. 相互作用；相互影响

Internet connection 互联网连接

investment banker 投资银行家

isolated a. 隔离的；孤立的

it's up to sb. 由某人决定

job security 职业保障，职业安全感

jointly ad. 共同地

Jupiter n. 木星

keep company 陪伴

keep in touch with 与…保持联系

keep sb. from sth. 阻止某人做某事

keep up with 跟上，不落后

kept secret 保密

lay the evil eye on 恶狠狠地看着

leave behind 留下，遗留

leisure a. 空闲的

let alone 更不用说

lifetime a. 终身的

limitless a. 无限度的，无止境的

lively a. 活跃的，活泼的

locate v. 找出…的地点；定位

lonesome a. 寂寞的

long for 渴望

look after 照顾

look forward to 期望，盼望

luxury n. 奢侈，奢华

make a living 谋生

make off with sth. 携…而逃

make up one's mind 下定决心

make up 编造

make use of 利用

manual n. 说明书，指南，手册

marketing consultant 营销顾问

mathematician n. 数学家

mechanical a. 机械的

mechanism n. 机制

mental illness 精神疾病

merchant n. 商人

miserable a. 痛苦的

mixed a. 混合的

model n. 模特；模范

monster n. 怪物

motivate v. 激励

moustache n. 胡须

move forward 前进

multiculturalism n. 多元文化论

murder n./v. 谋杀

mysterious a. 难以理解的；神秘的

NASA 美国国家航空航天局

native language 母语

natural a. 自然的

natural parent 亲生父母

neglect v. 忽视

negotiable a. 可协商的

nine-to-five job 朝九晚五的工作

nonetheless conj. 但是

nitrogen n. 氮

object to 反对

obligation n. 义务

observable a. 值得注意的

observation n. 观察

obtain v. 获得

off season 淡季

offence n. 冒犯；攻击；违法行为

on the edge of 在…边缘

on the surface of 在…表面

operate v. 运行；经营

orient a. 东方的

out of control 失去控制

overcharge v. 多收（某人的）钱

oxygen mask 氧气罩

pack n. 包裹 v. 打包

particular a. 特定的

particularly ad. 特别，尤其

pass away 去世

passport n. 护照

pay attention to 关注

pay off 还清

pension off 发给退休金强迫退休

pensioner n. 领取退休金的人

percentage n. 百分比

persistent a. 执著的

personality n. 个性

phase n. 阶段 v. 分阶段进行

phenomenon n. 现象

philosophy of life 人生哲学

physical labor 体力劳动

physician n. 医师；内科医生

platform n. 站台

pleasure n. 快乐

plenty of 大量的

pluralism n. 多元化，多元性

pocket money 零花钱

point out 指出

political correctness 政治正确性

postpone v. 推迟

potential n. 潜力

potted plant 盆栽植物

predictable a. 可预知的

prepare for 为…做准备

presentation n. 报告，讲话；陈述，介绍

preserve v. 保存

pretend v. 假装，伪装

previous to 在……以前

primitive a. 原始的

privileged a. 荣幸的

probe v. 探测 n. 探测器

process n. 过程

product development 产品开发

professional a. 专业的

promotion n. 晋升

prompt v. 促进

property n. 财产

proportion n. 比例

protect...from... 保护…免于…

public figure 知名人物

public language 公共语言

purchase v. 购买

put...under suspicion 怀疑…

put on airs 摆架子

quality control 质量控制

quantity n. 数量

quotation n. 引用

race against 与…比赛，同…竞争

raise v. 种植

rape v. 强奸

raw material 原材料

react v. 反应

receipt n. 收据，发票

recognize as 视为…

recruit v. 招聘

redecorate v. 再装修

reference book 参考书

refine v. 精炼；完善；修改

regular client 老客户

regular customer 常客，老主顾

relative n. 亲戚

relocation expense 调动津贴，指公司支付给因工作需要调动到新地区的员工的住房津贴

reluctantly ad. 不情愿地

remark n. 话语

remedy n. 治疗；补救（办法）

repetitive a. 重复的

represent v. 代表

reputation n. 名誉

rescue v. 营救，拯救

reshape v. 重塑

resident n. 居民

resourceful a. 机智的

responsibility n. 责任

restore v. 修复

result in 导致

retirement n. 退休

reverse n. 相反；背面

rob v. 抢劫

robbery n. 抢劫

rocky core 岩核

rule out 排除

run through 流经

run-around n. 借口

running nose 流鼻涕

rush off 匆匆离开

sacrifice v. 牺牲

sales director 销售总监

sales representative 销售代表

satisfy v. 满足

scheme n. 方案

schooling n. 学校教育

seal v. 封住，密封

search for 寻找

secretarial a. 秘书的

secretary n. 秘书

secure a. 安心的，无忧无虑的

senior a. 高级的

set foot in 进入，踏进

settle an argument 解决争论

shaky a. 摇晃的

share n. 份额

sharply ad. 急剧地

sheer a. 纯粹的；陡峭的

shoot n./v. 拍摄；射击

short list 候选人名单

shortly after 不久以后

sightseeing n. 观光

sign a contract 签约

solid color 单色，纯色

space out 留间隔，把…间隔开

spacesuit n. 太空服

specialized a. 专业化的

species n. 种类

spoil v. 毁掉；溺爱

spouse n. 配偶

staff n. 职员

starve v. 挨饿；饿死

starving a. 饥饿的

stay up late 熬夜

stepmother n. 继母

stick to the point 紧扣主题，不跑题

stock n. 库存；股票 v. 储存；进货

straight a. 直的 ad. 直接地

strike n. / v. 罢工；袭击；突然想到

student insurance 学生保险

stuff n. 东西

stylish a. 时髦的

subject n. 主题

submit...to 提交…，递交…

succession n. 连续

suck out 吸出

suffer from 忍受，遭受

sufficient a. 足够的

support v. 供养

suspect v. 怀疑，猜想

swift a. 快速的

table n. 表格

tailor v. 调整使适应

take its toll 造成损失、毁坏等

take off 起飞

take over 接管

take place 发生

take...into consideration 考虑到…

take-away n. 外卖

take-home a. 能带回家的

team spirit 团队精神

telephone rate 电话费

temporary a. 临时的

the Great Depression 经济大萧条时期

The Washington Post 《华盛顿邮报》

the whole lot 全部，所有

tour operator 旅行社

tourist industry 旅游业

tractor n. 拖拉机

trader n. 交易者，商人

traffic jam 交通堵塞

tragedy n. 悲剧

travel agent 旅行社

trembling a. 发抖的

trend n. 趋势

try out 试验

tune out 关掉

turn out 结果是

turn upside down 完全颠倒

uncertainty n. 无把握；不确定

unconditional a. 无条件的；绝对的

underemployment n. 低就业

underneath prep. 在…的下面

underway a. 在进行中的

unemployment n. 失业

unfortunately ad. 不幸地，遗憾地

unlimited a. 无限的

unreal a. 不真实的

unwinnable a. 不能取胜的

upbringing n. 养育

usage n. 用法

user-friendly a. 容易使用的

value n. 价值

vary v. 使多样化

viewpoint n. 观点

virus n. 病毒

vital a. 重要的，生死攸关的

vocabulary n. 词汇

waste-collection system 废物收集系统

wasteful a. 挥霍的

water-container n. 贮水器

weapon n. 武器

weary a. 疲倦的

wile away 消磨

wipe out 彻底摧毁

witness n. 亲眼看见，目击；证人

work efficiency 工作效率

work one's way up 步步提升

work out 制定出

workforce n. 劳动力

worship n./v. 崇拜

大学英语四级词汇练习题

1. People's expectations about the future may have more influence on their sense of well-being than their ______ state does.

A) current

B) initial

C) modern

D) primitive

2. After working all day, he was so tired that he was in no ______ to go to the party with us.

A) taste

B) mood

C) sense

D) emotion

3. There is already clear ______ to show that plants and animals are being affected by climate change.

A) witness

B) certification

C) identity

D) evidence

4. Many women still feel that they are being ______ by a male culture, particularly in the professional services sector.

A) held back

B) held forth

C) held on

D) held out

5. The findings paint a unique picture of the shopping habits of customers, plus their motivation and ______.

A) privileges

B) possibilities

C) possessions

D) preferences

6. It's good to know that quite a few popular English expressions actually ______ from the Bible.

A) acquire

B) obtain

C) derive

D) result

7. Tom, did it ever ______ to you that you would be punished for cheating on exams?

A) happen

B) occur

C) reflect

D) strike

8. In the US, 88 percent of smokers had started before they were 18, despite the fact that it is ______ to sell cigarettes to anyone under that age.

A) liable

B) liberal

C) irrational

D) illegal

9. According to the key witnesses, a peculiarly big nose is the criminal's most memorable facial ______.

A) feature

B) hint

C) spot

D) signature

10. Brarll's constitution ______ the military use of nuclear energy.

A) withdraws

B) forbids

C) interrupts

D) objects

11. Some people argue that the death ______ does not necessarily reduce the number of murders.

A) plot

B) practice

C) penalty

D) pattern

12. Many personnel managers say it is getting harder and harder to ______ honest applicants from the growing number of dishonest ones.

A) distinguish

B) disguise

C) dissolve

D) discount

13. A study shows that students living in non-smoking dorms are less likely to ______ the habit of smoking.

A) make up

B) turn up

C) draw up

D) pick up

14. Almost all job applicants are determined to leave a good ______ on a potential employer.

A) illusion

B) reputation

C) impression

D) reflection

15. A special feature of education at MIT is the opportunity for students and faculty to ______ together in research activities.

A) specialize

B) participate

C) consist

D) involve

16. Although they lost their jobs, savings and unemployment benefits allow the couple to ______ their comfortable home.

A) come in for

B) catch up with

C) look forward to

D) hold on to

17. Although many experts agree that more children are overweight, there is debate over the best ways to ______ the problem.

A) relate

B) tackle

C) file

D) attach

18. An important factor in determining how well you perform in an examination is the ______ of your mind.

A) state

B) case

C) situation

D) circumstance

19. Research shows that there is no ______ relationship between how much a person earns and whether he feels good about life.

A) successive

B) subsequent

C) significant

D) sincere

20. Sadly, as spending on private gardens has ______, spending on public parks has generally declined.

A) heightened

B) lifted

C) flown

D) soared

21. Lung cancer, like some other cancers, often doesn't produce ______ until it is too late and has spread beyond the chest to the brain, liver or bones.

A) trails

B) therapies

C) symptoms

D) symbols

22. With the increasing unemployment rate, workers who are 50 to 60 years old are usually the first to be ______.

A) laid off

B) laid aside

C) laid out

D) laid up

23. The physical differences between men and women can be ______ directly to our basic roles as hunters and child-bearers.

A) pursued

B) traced

C) switched

D) followed

24. It is clear that the dog has a much greater ______ of its brain devoted to smell than is the case with humans.

A) composition

B) compound

C) percent

D) proportion

25. American college students are increasingly ______ with credit card debt and the consequences can be rather serious.

A) boosted

B) burdened

C) discharged

D) dominated

26. Numerous studies already link the first meal of the day to better classroom ______.

A) performance

B) function

C) behavior

D) display

27. The most successful post-career athletes are those who can take the identity and life skills they learned in sports and ______ them to another area of life.

A) utilize

B) employ

C) apply

D) exert

28. The technological advances made it possible for the middle classes to enjoy what had once been ______ only to the very rich.

A) manageable

B) measurable

C) acceptable

D) affordable

29. Being out of work, Jane can no longer ______ friends to dinners and movies as she used to.

A) urge

B) treat

C) appeal

D) compel

30. ______ by the superstars on television, the young athletes trained hard and played intensely.

A) Imitated

B) Imposed

C) Insured

D) Inspired

31. Some people believe that since oil is scarce, the ______ of the motor industry is uncertain.

A) terminal

B) benefit

C) fate

D) estimate

32. To speed up the ______of letters, the Post Office introduced automatic sorting.

A) treatment

B) delivery

C) transmission

D) departure

33. These overseas students show great ______ for learning a new language.

A) enthusiasm

B) authority

C) convention

D) faith

34. The defense lawyer was questioning the old man who was one of the ______ of the murder committed last month.

A) observers

B) witnesses

C) audiences

D) viewers

35. Politically these nations tend to be ______, with very high birth rates but poor education and very low levels of literacy.

A) unstable

B) reluctant

C) rational

D) unsteady

36. The chairman was blamed for letting his secretary ______ too much work last week.

A) take to

B) take out

C) take away

D) take on

37. "You try to get some sleep. I'll ______ the patient's breakfast," said the nurse.

A) see to

B) stick to

C) get to

D) lead to

38. The London Marathon is a difficult race. ______, thousands of runners participate every year.

A) Therefore

B) Furthermore

C) Accordingly

D) Nevertheless

39. The bank refused to ______ him any money, so he had to postpone buying a house.

A) credit

B) borrow

C) loan

D) lease

40. The more a nation's companies ______ factories abroad, the smaller that country's recorded exports will be.

A) lie

B) spot

C) stand

D) locate

41. Being ignorant of the law is not accepted as an ______ for breaking the law.

A) excuse

B) intention

C) option

D) approval

42. Within two days, the army fired more than two hundred rockets and missiles at military ______ in the coastal city.

A) goals

B) aims

C) targets

D) destinations

43. It is said in some parts of the world, goats, rather than cows, serve as a vital ______ of milk.

A) storage

B) reserve

C) resource

D) source

44. "This light is too ______ for me to read by. Don't we have a brighter bulb somewhere?" said the elderly man.

A) mild

B) dim

C) minute

D) slight

45. We have arranged to go to the cinema on Friday, but we can be ______ and go another day.

A) reliable

B) probable

C) feasible

D) flexible

46. We are quite sure that we can ______ our present difficulties and finish the task according to schedule.

A) get across

B) get over

C) get away

D) get off

47. ______ recent developments we do not think your scheme is practical.

A) In view of

B) In case of

C) In memory of

D) In favor of

48. Jessica was ______ from the warehouse to the accounting office, which was considered a promotion.

A) delivered

B) exchanged

C) transferred

D) transformed

49. Mr. Smith asked his secretary to ______ a new paragraph in the annual report she was typing.

A) inject

B) install

C) invade

D) insert

50. There's the living room still to be ______, so that's my next project.

A) abandoned

B) decorated

C) dissolved

D) assessed

51. The old paper mill has been ______ to make way for a new shopping centre.

A) cut down

B) kept down

C) torn down

D) held down

52. It may be necessary to stop ______ in the learning process and go back to the difficult points in the lessons.

A) at a distance

B) at intervals

C) at case

D) at length

53. You can hire a bicycle in many places. Usually you'll have to pay a ______.

A) fare

B) fund

C) deposit

D) deal

54. My grandfather had always taken a ______ interest in my work, and I had an equal admiration for the stories of his time.

A) splendid

B) weighty

C) vague

D) keen

55. ______ quantities of water are being used nowadays with the rapid development of industry and agriculture.

A) Excessive

B) Extensive

C) Extreme

D) Exclusive

56. John cannot afford to go to university, ______ going abroad.

A) nothing but

B) anything but

C) not to speak of

D) nothing to speak of

57. Most laboratory and field studies of human behavior ______ taking a situational photograph at a given time and in a given place.

A) involve

B) compose

C) enclose

D) attach

58. If you don't like to swim, you ______ as well stay at home.

A) should

B) may

C) can

D) would

59. Dr. Smith was always ______ the poor and the sick, often providing them with free medical care.

A) reminded of

B) absorbed in

C) tended by

D) concerned about

60. Thomas Jefferson and John Adams died on July 4, 1826, the fiftieth ______ of American Independence.

A) ceremony

B) occasion

C) occurrence

D) anniversary

61. A word processor is much better than a typewriter in that it enables you to enter and ______ your text more easily.

A) register

B) edit

C) propose

D) discharge

62. We don't know why so many people in that region like to wear dresses of such ______ colors.

A) low

B) humble

C) mild

D) dull

63. The news has just ______ that the president is going to visit China next month.

A) come down

B) come up

C) come out

D) come about

64. The ______ that exists among nations could certainly be lessened if misunderstanding and mistrust were removed.

A) tension

B) strain

C) stress

D) intensity

65. The other day, Mum and I went to St. James's Hospital, and they did lots and lots of tests on me, most of them ______ and frightening.

A) cheerful

B) horrible

C) hostile

D) friendly

66. In the Mediterranean seaweed is so abundant and so easily harvested that it is never of great ______.

A) fare

B) payment

C) worth

D) expense

67. The writer was so ______ in her work that she didn't notice him enter the room.

A) absorbed

B) abandoned

C) focused

D) centered

68. Actually, information technology can ______ the gap between the poor and the rich.

A) link

B) break

C) ally

D) bridge

69. Some research workers completely ______ all those facts as though they never existed.

A) ignore

B) leave

C) refuse

D) miss

70. Computer power now allows automatic searches of fingerprint files to match a print at a crime ______.

A) stage

B) scene

C) location

D) occasion

71. The most basic reason why dialects should be preserved is that language helps to ______ a culture.

A) retain

B) relate

C) remark

D) review

72. Companies are struggling to find the right ______ between supply and demand, but it is no easy task.

A) equation

B) formula

C) balance

D) pattern

73. Mass advertising helped to ______ the emphasis from the production of goods to their consumption.

A) vary

B) shift

C) lay

D) moderate

74. Because of his excellent administration, people lived in peace and ______ and all previously neglected matters were taken care of.

A) conviction

B) contest

C) consent

D) content

75. I know you've got a smooth tongue, so don't talk me ______ buying it.

A) away

B) down

C) out

D) into

76. Showing some sense of humor can be a(n) ______ way to deal with some stressful situation.

A) effective

B) efficient

C) favorable

D) favorite

77. The situation described in the report ______ terrible, but it may not happen.

A) inclines

B) maintains

C) sounds

D) remains

78. The company is trying every means to ______ the wholesale price of its products.

A) pull down

B) put down

C) set down

D) bring down

79. The mayor ______ the police officer a medal of honor for his heroic deed in rescuing the earthquake victims.

A) rewarded

B) awarded

C) credited

D) prized

80. The native Canadians lived in ______ with nature, for they respected nature as a provider of life.

A) coordination

B) acquaintance

C) contact

D) harmony

81. Many people are asking whether traditional research universities in fact have any future ______.

A) at all

B) so far

C) in all

D) on end

82. I was impressed ______ the efficiency of the work done in the company.

A) in

B) about

C) with

D) for

83. Now in Britain, wines take up four times as much ______ in the storehouse as both beer and spirits.

A) block

B) land

C) patch

D) space

84. His hand shook a little as he ______ the key in the lock.

A) squeezed

B) inserted

C) stuffed

D) pierced

85. For professional athletes, ______ to the Olympics means that they have a chance to enter the history books.

A) access

B) attachment

C) appeal

D) approach

86. In the long ______, the new information technologies may fundamentally alter out way of life.

A) view

B) distance

C) jump

D) run

87. All the arrangements should be completed ______ your departure.

A) prior to

B) superior to

C) contrary to

D) parallel to

88. We need to create education standards that prepare our next generation who will be ______ with an even more competitive market.

A) tackled

B) encountered

C) dealt

D) confronted

89. In the late seventies, the amount of fixed assets required to produce one vehicle in Japan was ______ equivalent to that in the United States.

A) rudely

B) roughly

C) readily

D) coarsely

90. Many people believe we are heading for environmental disaster ______ we radically change way we live.

A) but

B) although

C) unless

D) lest

91. The machine looked like a large, ______, old-fashioned typewriter.

A) forceful

B) clumsy

C) intense

D) tricky

92. Though she began her______ by singing in a local pop group, she is now a famous Hollywood movie star.

A) employment

B) career

C) occupation

D) profession

93. Within two weeks of arrival, all foreigners had to______ with the local police.

A) inquire

B) consult

C) register

D) profession

94. Considering your salary, you should be able to ______ at least twenty dollars a week.

A) put forward

B) put up

C) put out

D) put aside

95. As he has ______ our patience, we'll not wait for him any longer.

A) torn

B) wasted

C) exhausted

D) consumed

96. These teachers try to be objective when they ______ the integrated ability of their students.

A) justify

B) evaluate

C) indicate

D) reckon

97. Mrs. Morris's daughter is pretty and ______, and many girls envy her.

A) slender

B) light

C) faint

D) minor

98. Tomorrow the mayor is to ______ a group of Canadian businessmen on a tour of the city.

A) coordinate

B) cooperate

C) accompany

D) associate

99. I'm ______ enough to know it is going to be a very difficult situation to compete against three strong teams.

A) realistic

B) conscious

C) aware

D) radical

100. Can you give me even the ______ clue as to where her son might be?

A) simplest

B) slightest

C) least

D) utmost

101. Norman Davis will be remembered by many with ______ not only as a great scholar but also as a most delightful and faithful friend.

A) kindness

B) friendliness

C) warmth

D) affection

102. Salaries for ______ positions seem to be higher than for permanent ones.

A) legal

B) optional

C) voluntary

D) temporary

103. Most people agree that the present role of women has already affected US society. ______, it has affected the traditional role of men.

A) Above all

B) In all

C) At most

D) At last

104. Science and technology have ______ in important ways to the improvement of agricultural production.

A) attached

B) assisted

C) contributed

D) witnessed

105. As an actor he could communicate a whole ______ of emotions.

A) frame

B) range

C) number

D) scale

106. This is what you should bear in mind: Don't ______ a salary increase before you actually get it.

A) hang on

B) draw on

C) wait on

D) count on

107. The ship's generator broke down, and the pumps had to be operated ______ instead of mechanically.

A) artificially

B) automatically

C) manually

D) synthetically

108. The little girl was so frightened that she just wouldn't ______ her grip on my arm.

A) loosen

B) remove

C) relieve

D) dismiss

109. He never arrives on time and my ______ is that he feels the meetings are useless.

A) preference

B) conference

C) inference

D) reference

110. Mrs. Gmith was so ______ about everything that no servants could please her.

A) specific

B) special

C) precise

D) particular

111. Last night he saw two dark ______ enter the building, and then there was the explosion.

A) features

B) figures

C) sketches

D) images

112. It is obvious that this new rule is applicable to everyone without ______.

A) exception

B) exclusion

C) modification

D) substitution

113. His temper and personality show that he can become a soldier of the top ______.

A) circle

B) rank

C) category

D) grade

114. During the lecture, the speaker occasionally ______ his point by relating his own experiences.

A) illustrated

B) hinted

C) cited

D) displayed

115. Only those who can ______ to lose their money should make high-risk investments.

A) maintain

B) sustaint

C) endure

D) afford

116. He found the ______ media attention intolerable and decided to go abroad.

A) sufficient

B) constant

C) steady

D) plenty

117. There has been a collision ______ a number of cars on the main road to town.

A) composing

B) consisting

C) involving

D) engaging

118. ______ elephants are different from wild elephants in many aspects, including their tempers.

A) Cultivated

B) Regulated

C) Civil

D) Tame

119. Ten days ago the young man informed his boss of his intention to ______.

A) resign

B) reject

C) retreat

D) replace

120. As one of the world's highest paid models, she had her face ______ for five million dollars.

A) deposited

B) assured

C) measured

D) insured

121. I went along thinking of nothing ______, only looking at things around me.

A) in particular

B) in harmony

C) in doubt

D) in brief

122. Critics believe that the control of television by mass advertising has ______ the quality of the programs.

A) lessened

B) declined

C) affected

D) effected

123. I must congratulate you ______ the excellent design of the new bridge.

A) with

B) of

C) at

D) on

124. There is a fully ______ health center on the ground floor of the main office building.

A) installed

B) equipped

C) provided

D) projected

125. For more than 20 years, we've been supporting educational programs that ______ from kindergartens to colleges.

A) move

B) shift

C) range

D) spread

126. The ______ at the military academy is so rigid that students can hardly bear it.

A) convention

B) confinement

C) principle

D) discipline

127. The test results are beyond ______; they have been repeated in labs all over the world.

A) negotiation

B) conflict

C) bargain

D) dispute

128. I was so ______ in today's history lesson. I didn't understand a thing.

A) amazed

B) neglected

C) confused

D) amused

129. It ______ you to at least 50% off the regular price of either frames or lenses when you buy both.

A) presents

B) entitles

C) credits

D) tips

130. Deserts and high mountains have always been a ______ to the movement of people from place to place.

A) barrier

B) fence

C) prevention

D) jam

131. In order to make things convenient for the people, the department is planning to set up some ______ shops in the residential area.

A) flowing

B) drifting

C) mobile

D) unstable

132. Mr. Smith says: "The media are very good at sensing a mood and then ______ it."

A) overtaking

B) enlarging

C) widening

D) exaggerating

133. This is not an economical way to get more water; ______, it is very expensive.

A) on the other hand

B) on the contrary

C) in short

D) or else

134. It was the first time that such a ______ had to be taken at a British nuclear power station.

A) presentation

B) precaution

C) preparation

D) prediction

135. ______ that he wasn't happy with the arrangements, I tried to book a different hotel.

A) Perceiving

B) Penetrating

C) Puzzling

D) Preserving

136. The board of the company has decided to ______ its operations to include all aspects of the clothing business.

A) multiply

B) lengthen

C) expand

D) stretch

137. His business was very successful, but it was at the ______ of his family life.

A) consumption

B) credit

C) exhaustion

D) expense

138. First published in 1927, the charts remain an ______ source for researchers.

A) identical

B) indispensable

C) intelligent

D) inevitable

139. Joe is not good at sports, but when it ______ mathematics, he is the best in the class.

A) comes to

B) comes up to

C) comes on to

D) comes around to

140. Doctors warned against chewing tobacco as a ______ for smoking.

A) relief

B) revival

C) substitute

D) succession

141. When carbon is added to iron in proper ______, the result is steel.

A) rates

B) thicknesses

C) proportions

D) densities

142. You should try to ______ your ambition and be more realistic.

A) reserve

B) restrain

C) retain

D) replace

143. Nancy is only a sort of ______ of her husband's opinion and has no ideas of her own.

A) sample

B) reproduction

C) shadow

D) echo

144. Now that spring is here, you can ______ these fur coats till you need them again next winter.

A) put over

B) put away

C) put off

D) put down

145. There is a ______ of impatience in the tone of his voice.

A) hint

B) notion

C) dot

D) phrase

146. Please ______ dictionaries when you are not sure of word spelling or meaning.

A) seek

B) inquire

C) search

D) consult

147. At yesterday's party, Elizabeth's boyfriend amused us by ______ Charlie Chaplin.

A) copying

B) following

C) imitating

D) modeling

148. She keeps a supply of candles in the house in case of power ______.

A) failure

B) lack

C) absence

D) drop

149. The group of technicians are engaged in a study which ______ all aspects of urban planning.

A) inserts

B) grips

C) performs

D) embraces

150. The lecture which lasted about three hours was so ______ that the audience couldn't help yawning.

A) tedious

B) bored

C) clumsy

D) tired

大学英语四级考试

2013年6月真题（附赠）

Part I　Writing (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on the importance of reading literature. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

Part II　Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)　(15 minutes)

Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.

School Lunch

Ryan moved silently through the lunch line. The cook put a cheeseburger (奶酪汉堡) and an applesauce cup on his tray. He grabbed a bottle of milk from the cooler at the end of the line and found a seat in the cafeteria (食堂). Ryan saw that his friend Tyler had brought lunch from home.

"What did you bring today, Tyler?" he asked.

Tyler pulled his meal out of its brown paper sack. "I've got a ham sandwich, chips, two cupcakes, and a can of soda."

Ryan's mouth started to water. "Uh, Tyler," he said. "If you don't want one of those cupcakes, I'll take it. They sure look good."

Tyler handed Ryan his cupcake. "Sure," he said. "I won't eat all this."

Lunch Requirements

Is Ryan eating a healthy meal if he eats the school lunch? School lunch supporters say "Yes." Recent studies show that a government-approved school lunch has more variety and is more nutritious (有营养的) than most lunches brought from home. It's also lower in fat.

The National School Lunch Act requires that school lunches go along with the Dietary Guidelines for Americans developed by the government. Meals must contain a variety of foods with plenty of grains and at least one fruit or vegetable each day. Foods must not contain too much sugar or salt.

A hot lunch can contain up to 30% fat, but not more than 10% of its calories (卡路里) should come from saturated (饱和的) fat. In an average week, you should get one-third of the daily Recommended Dietary Allowances for protein, iron, calcium (钙), and vitamins A and C from your school lunch.

Dare to Compare

Let's compare Ryan's and Tyler's meals to see which is healthier. Ryan's hot lunch (without the cupcake from his friend) has 577 calories, 25 grams of total fat, and 12 grams of saturated fat. He had one serving of fruit, 26 grams of protein, and 483 milligrams of calcium. Ryan ate more total fat (39%) and saturated fat (19%) than the dietary guidelines recommend. However, schools can still meet the guidelines by having the numbers average out over a week of lunches.

Tyler's lunch from home (this includes both cupcakes) had 1,014 calories, 45 grams (40%) of total fat, and 10 grams (9%) of saturated fat. He ate 21 grams of protein and 155 milligrams of calcium, but no fruits or vegetables. Tyler's meal met the saturated fat guidelines, but had too much total fat.

Tyler ate more calories and total fat than Ryan did. Ryan ate more protein, calcium, and fruit than Tyler did. Which meal would you say is the healthier choice?

À la Carte Options

Federal standards and most school districts forbid selling food in the cafeteria that competes with the school lunch. Many programs do, however, offer à la carte choices for students who don't want the hot meal. Foods sold à la carte are separate from the main meal and are priced individually. These foods do not have to meet the same nutritional standards as the foods on the hot lunch menu. Neither do the foods sold at a snack-bar or those foods available elsewhere in the school.

A study in one Texas school district compared the lunches of fourth graders who did not have food choices with those of fifth graders who could choose either a standard lunch or select from a snack-bar. The fourth graders ate 25% more fruits and vegetables than the fifth graders.

Food sold as fund-raisers can also have an impact on school lunch. The money raised is important to provide needed funds for many after-class activities. But the meal's overall nutritional quality usually goes down. Many of these foods are high in fat, sugar, or both, and often come in extra-large portions. Fund-raisers rarely sell fruits and vegetables.

Choosing Wisely

School food-service programs are trying to please students, and still offer quality, nutritious meals at low cost. That task isn't easy. One school district in New York decided to do something about it. A student advisory board kept the food-service director up-to-date on what the kids wanted. They also worked with school snack-bars to sell smaller servings of chips and candy.

You can make healthy meal choices at school even when not-so-healthy choices are available. You can be sure to get a nutritious meal when you pick foods from the Food Guide Pyramid. For example, always drink milk or a calcium-rich juice for lunch. Even chocolate milk is more nutritious than soda or a sports drink. Stay away from snack foods offered à la carte. They may fill you up now, but the ones that contain a lot of fat and sugar will slow you down later. Always eat the fruits and vegetables offered at the meal. They help give you the energy and vitamins you need to get you through the rest of your school day.

Some people like to make fun of school lunches, but good nutrition is no laughing matter. Your school's hot lunch is based on the Food Guide Pyramid, so it's full of nutrition. Give it a try. You might be pleasantly surprised.

It's a Team Effort

Team Nutrition is a program that gets schools excited about healthy eating. Schools across the nation pick a team leader who develops fun nutrition activities. The leader works with students, teachers, parents, food-service workers, and people from the community. Activities can range from running a school health fair to planting a garden.

At the Jordan Community School in Chicago, Illinois, one group of fifth graders showed off their "pizza (比萨饼) garden" in a big, colorful poster showing vegetarian pizzas. The students and food-service staff planted and took care of the vegetables that they would later use as ingredients on their pizzas. The group started growing the plants in the school's cafeteria. Then they moved them outdoors to the students' demonstration garden.

This is just one way to get everyone involved in making school lunch healthy and fun. Team up with your own group and see how creative you can get.

1. What did Ryan do when he saw Tyler?

A) He compared his lunch with Tyler's.

B) He offered to share lunch with Tyler.

C) He showed off his healthy lunch.

D) He asked Tyler for a cupcake.

2. What do recent studies show about government-approved school lunch?

A) It compares favorably with home-made lunch.

B) It is unpopular among students.

C) It is supported by most parents.

D) It contains fewer calories and is less expensive.

3. According to the National School Lunch Act, school lunches must______.

A) offer various fruits and vegetables for students to choose

B) comply with government-developed dietary guidelines

C) provide low-fat, low-salt, nutritious foods at low prices

D) contain protein, iron, calcium, and a variety of vitamins

4. Tyler's home-prepared meal meets the Dietary Guidelines for Americans in terms of ______.

A) vitamins

B) minerals

C) total fat

D) saturated fat

5. What do we learn about foods provided à la carte in schools?

A) They are purchased separately.

B) They are prepared on the spot.

C) They meet the same nutritional standards.

D) They satisfy the needs of choosy students.

6. What does the author think of food sold as fund-raisers?

A) It is reasonably priced.

B) It is lacking in nutritional quality.

C) It competes with school lunch.

D) It appeals to student tastes.

7. What is the function of the student advisory board?

A) It provides supervision on the quality of school lunches.

B) It advises students on how to make wise choices of foods.

C) It keeps the food-service director up-to-date about students' needs.

D) It monitors school snack-bars that sell large servings of chips and candy.

8. Students are advised to stay away from snack foods offered à la carte because their extra fat and sugar will make them _____________________________.

9. The Jordan Community School students eat pizzas with vegetables _____________________________________ in their pizza garden.

10. Team Nutrition is a program that tries to ___________________________________________________ in making school lunch healthy and fun.

Part III　Listening Comprehension　(35 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

11. A) The woman is the manager's secretary.

B) The man found himself in a wrong place.

C) The man is the manager's business associate.

D) The woman was putting up a sign on the wall.

12. A) He needs more time for the report.

B) He needs help to interpret the data.

C) He is sorry not to have helped the woman.

D) He does not have sufficient data to go on.

13. A) A friend from New York.

B) A message from Tony.

C) A postal delivery.

D) A change in the weather.

14. A) She is not available until the end of next week.

B) She is not a reliable source of information.

C) She does not like taking exams.

D) She does not like psychology.

15. A) He will help the woman carry the suitcase.

B) The woman's watch is twenty minutes fast.

C) The woman shouldn't make such a big fuss.

D) There is no need for the woman to be in a hurry.

16. A) Mary is not so easygoing as her.

B) Mary and she have a lot in common.

C) She finds it hard to get along with Mary.

D) She does not believe what her neighbors said.

17. A) At an information service.

B) At a car wash point.

C) At a repair shop.

D) At a dry cleaner's.

18. A) The woman came to the concert at the man's request.

B) The man is already fed up with playing the piano.

C) The piece of music the man played is very popular.

D) The man's unique talents are the envy of many people.

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

19. A) He has taught Spanish for a couple of years at a local school.

B) He worked at the Brownstone Company for several years.

C) He owned a small retail business in Michigan years ago.

D) He has been working part-time in a school near Detroit.

20. A) He prefers a full-time job with more responsibility.

B) He is eager to find a job with an increased salary.

C) He likes to work in a company close to home.

D) He would rather get a less demanding job.

21. A) Sports.

B) Travel.

C) Foreign languages.

D) Computer games.

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

22. A) When he is supposed to start work.

B) What responsibilities he would have.

C) When he will be informed about his application.

D) What career opportunities her company can offer.

23. A) She is pregnant.

B) She is over 50.

C) She has just finished her project.

D) She is a good saleswoman.

24. A) He takes good care of Lisa.

B) He is the CEO of a giant company.

C) He is good at business management.

D) He works as a sales manager.

25. A) It is in urgent need of further development.

B) It produces goods popular among local people.

C) It has been losing market share in recent years.

D) It is well positioned to compete with the giants.

Section B

Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.

26. A) It is lined with tall trees.

B) It was widened recently.

C) It has high buildings on both sides.

D) It used to be dirty and disorderly.

27. A) They repaved it with rocks.

B) They built public restrooms on it.

C) They beautified it with plants.

D) They set up cooking facilities near it.

28. A) What makes life enjoyable.

B) How to work with tools.

C) What a community means.

D) How to improve health.

29. A) They were obliged to fulfill the signed contract.

B) They were encouraged by the city officials' praise.

C) They wanted to prove they were as capable as boys.

D) They derived happiness from the constructive work.

Passage Two

Questions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.

30. A) The majority of them think it less important than computers.

B) Many of them consider it boring and old-fashioned.

C) The majority of them find it interesting.

D) Few of them read more than ten books a year.

31. A) Novels and stories.

B) Mysteries and detective stories.

C) History and science books.

D) Books on culture and tradition.

32. A) Watching TV.

B) Listening to music.

C) Reading magazines.

D) Playing computer games.

Passage Three

Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.

33. A) Advice on the purchase of cars.

B) Information about the new green-fuel vehicles.

C) Trends for the development of the motor car.

D) Solutions to global fuel shortage.

34. A) Limited driving range.

B) The short life of batteries.

C) Huge recharging expenses.

D) The unaffordable high price.

35. A) They need to be further improved.

B) They can easily switch to natural gas.

C) They are more cost-effective than vehicles powered by solar energy.

D) They can match conventional motor cars in performance and safety.

Section C

Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.

My favorite TV show? "The Twilight Zone." I (36) __________ like the episode called "The Printer's Devil." It's about a newspaper editor who's being (37) __________, out of business by a big newspaper syndicate—you know, a group of papers (38) __________ by the same people. He is about to (39) __________ suicide when he is interrupted by an old man who says his name is Smith. The editor is not only offered 5,000 dollars to pay off his newspaper's (40) __________, but this Smith character also offers his (41) _________ for free. It turns out that the guy (42) __________ the printing machine with amazing speed, and soon he is turning out newspapers with (43) __________ headlines.

The small paper is successful again. The editor is amazed at how quickly Smith gets his stories—only minutes after they happen—but soon he is presented with a contract to sign. Mr. Smith, it seems, is really the devil! (44) _____________________________________________________, so he agrees to sign. But soon Smith is reporting the news even before it happens—and it's all terrible—one disaster after another. (45) __________________________________________________________________________. I really like these old episodes of "the Twilight Zone," because the stories are fascinating. (46) _______________________________________________________________.

Part IV　Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)　(25 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the banks more than once.

Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.

It's the first question parents ask when their child is diagnosed with autism (自闭症). Will his future brothers or sisters have a higher risk of 　47　 it, too?

According to the largest study of siblings (兄弟姐妹) in families with autism, the answer is yes. Among 664 children who had at least one older sibling with the developmental disorder, the 　48　 risk of autism was nearly 19%, 　49　 higher than previous sibling-recurrence estimates that were anywhere from 3% to 10%. Kids with more than one older autistic sibling had an even higher risk of the disorder: 32%.

The 　50　 suggest that genes play a key role in autism risk. But they also hint that other environmental factors 　51　 by siblings, like influences in the womb (子宫), may be important as well.

On the 　52　 of the findings, the researchers recommend that doctors closely 　53　 younger siblings of autistic children to pick up any early signs of the disorder, 　54　 an unusually large head or delayed language development and communication skills. Evidence suggests that early 　55　 and diagnosis of autism can help children take advantage of therapies that can treat some of its 　56　.

A) average

B) basis

C) common

D) consequently

E) detection

F) developing

G) distributed

H) dramatically

I) including

J) monitor

K) reason

L) results

M) shared

N) symbols

O) symptoms

Section B

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B) C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.

Libraries are my world. I've been a patron (老主顾) all my life, and for the past nine years I've worked at multiple libraries and archives in and around Detroit. The library as an institution has many roles, but as our country struggles through an economic crisis, I have watched the library where I work evolve into a career and business center, a community gathering place and a bastion (堡垒) of hope.

In the spring of 2007 I got a library internship (实习生的位置) at the Southfield Public Library (SPL), just north of Detroit. Summers at SPL were usually slow, but that year, we experienced a library that was as busy as science-fair project week, midterms or tax season. Yet patrons weren't looking for Mosby's Nursing Drug Reference or tax return forms. They were coming for information on growing their small business.

I interpreted people's interest in our business collection as the first step to pursuing their dreams, but these patrons were not motivated by dreams. They were responding to reality, and they were looking for Plan B.

Things worsened in 2008, and in 2009 the economic crisis continues to plague Michigan. Last year, we put up a display with a variety of job resources that we restocked every hour. Each night the library closed, the display was bare. While we normally keep displays up for a week, we kept the job resources display up for months.

Then there's the tightening credit market. People see the writing on the wall and they want to get educated. They can't afford a financial adviser, but checking books out is free. Some of the most popular titles now are Rich Dad, Poor Dad, Think and Grow Rich, and Suze Orman's 2009 Action Plan.

The economic downturn affects us all. I have had to work long hours and don't get to see much of my boyfriend or experience any kind of social life lately, but I am thankful to be in a position where I can help people overcome this struggle. In Michigan, we haven't lost hope. As long as there are libraries here, there will always be hope.

57. What change has the current economic crisis brought to the library?

A) It has opened its age-old archives to the general public.

B) It has become a job and business information center.

C) It has evolved into a place for business transactions.

D) It has had to cut its budget to get through the crisis.

58. What does the author say about the Southfield Public Library in the summer of 2007?

A) It was overflowing with visitors.

B) It launched a science project series.

C) It added many books on business to its collection.

D) It was full of people seeking information on drugs.

59. What can be inferred from people's strong interest in the library's business collection?

A) They think it is now time to realize their dreams.

B) They find economics helpful in tiding over the crisis.

C) They consider it a trend to start their own business.

D) They are concerned about the worsening economy.

60. Why were there no more job resources on display by the end of the day?

A) The library staff could not do the restocking quickly enough.

B) People competed with each other for the jobs listed in the ads.

C) People were much interested in the job resources on display.

D) All the materials on display were free of charge to the jobless.

61. How did the author feel about working in the library?

A) She felt contented to be in a position to render help.

B) She felt pleased to be able to give hope to the jobless.

C) She felt rewarded to have gained a lot of experience.

D) She felt sorry to miss the social life she used to enjoy.

Passage Two

Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.

More than three dozen billionaires, including well-known philanthropist (慈善家) David Rockefeller, have promised at least half of their fortunes to charity, joining a programme that Bill and Melinda Gates and Warren Buffett started in June to encourage other wealthy people to give.

The pledge is currently worth about $150 billion, but the programme predicts it will eventually be worth $600 billion.

"During even the Depression's worst years, my parents gave money—about 8% of their annual income of $2,200," said Lorry Lokey, one of the donors, on the website of the programme, the Giving Pledge. "I remember saying to my mother that we can't afford that. But she said we have to share with others."

The pledge has been a matter of some debate in philanthropic and non-profit circles, with some experts dismissing it as mere publicity and others predicting that it would produce a flood of new money to support non-profit groups.

Buffett said the real value of the pledge was found in the example it set and in the sentiments (情感) expressed in the letters posted on the website.

Buffett and Gates will hold several dinners later this year to recruit more billionaires, and members of the Giving Pledge will meet annually to discuss their philanthropy.

The pair are due to meet some wealthiest people in China next month and India in March.

"We hope this catches fire in some other countries," Buffett said."If they want to take what we think is a good idea and run with it, we will be cheering."

Buffett said the number of people who had agreed to sign on was at the high end of his expectations. He said some people who declined to sign the pledge were planning to give away most of their wealth but did not want to draw attention to those plans.

Energy tycoon (大亨) Pickens, who is worth about $1 billion, said in his Giving Pledge letter: "I've long stated that I enjoy making money, and I enjoy giving it away. I'm not a big fan of inherited wealth. It generally does more harm than good."

62. What's the purpose of the programme started by Bill and Melinda Gates and Warren Buffett?

A) To spread the idea of charity around the world.

B) To publicise the pains and gains of charity work.

C) To involve more wealthy people in philanthropy.

D) To narrow the gap between the rich and the poor.

63. What message does Lorry Lokey intend to convey through his website posting?

A) His family's income is far from large.

B) The spirit of giving runs in his family.

C) His family suffered during the Great Depression.

D) The wealth of his family has come the hard way.

64. Why are Buffett and Gates going to meet some wealthiest people in China and India?

A) To share their experience with the newly rich there.

B) To publicise their generosity in helping the needy.

C) To persuade the wealthy people there to join their ranks.

D) To help the billionaires there see the true value of money.

65. What reason do some people give for declining to sign the pledge?

A) They are unsure if they can meet the public's expectations.

B) They have made plans for disposing of their wealth.

C) They are still undecided whether to give or not.

D) They are reluctant to be the focus of attention.

66. What does energy tycoon Pickens try to say in his Giving Pledge letter?

A) Blessed are those who inherit large fortunes.

B) The more you give, the happier you will be.

C) Leaving a fortune to one's children is unwise.

D) Philanthropy can help free the poor from want.

Part V　Close　(15 minutes)

Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D)on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Part VI　Translation　(5 minutes)

Directions: Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets. Please write your translation on Answer Sheet 2.

87. He knew France very well, ________________________________________________________________________ (似乎他多次去过那个国家).

88. Seeing these pictures, the student couldn't help ________________________________________________________ (回忆起那些难忘的日子).

89. Only after they had performed hundreds of experiments _________________________________________________ (他们才成功地解决了这个问题).

90. Some people hold the mistaken belief that our domestic products are _____________________________________________ (总是次于进口商品).

91. Sometimes giving up __________________________________________________ (有助你把时间和精力集中于) the few things that are truly important.

2013年6月大学英语四级考试听力原文（附赠）

Section A

11. W: What are you doing in here, sir? Didn't you see the private sign over there?

M: I'm sorry. I didn't notice it when I came in. I'm looking for the manager's office.

Q: What do we learn from the conversation?

12. W: Mike, what's the problem? You've known for months the report is due today.

M: I know, but I'm afraid I need another few days. The data is harder to interpret than I expected.

Q: What does the man mean?

13. W: Excuse me, Tony. Has my parcel from New York arrived?

M: Unfortunately, it's been delayed due to the bad weather.

Q: What is the woman waiting for?

14. W: Pam said we won't have the psychology test until the end of next week.

M: Ellen, you should know better than to take Pam's words for anything.

Q: What does the man imply about Pam?

15. W: Tom, will you please watch my suitcase for a minute? I need to go make a quick phone call.

M: Yeah, sure. Take your time. Our train doesn't leave for another twenty minutes.

Q: What does the man mean?

16. M: Frankly, Mary is not what I'd call easy-going.

W: I see. People in our neighborhood find it hard to believe she's my twin sister.

Q: What does the woman imply?

17. M: How soon do you think this can be cleaned?

W: We have same day service, sir. You can pick up your suit after five o'clock.

Q: Where does the conversation most probably take place?

18. W: I really enjoy that piece you just played on the piano. I bet you get a lot of requests for it.

M: You said it. People just can't get enough of it.

Q: What do we learn from the conversation?

Conversation One

W: Good afternoon, Mr. Jones. I'm Teresa Chen, and I'll be interviewing you. How are you today?

M: I am fine, thank you. And you, Miss Chen?

W: Good, Thanks. Can you tell me something about your experience in this kind of work?

M: Well, for several years, I managed a department for the Brownstone Company in Detroit, Michigan. Now I work part time because I also go to school at night. I'm getting a business degree.

W: Oh, how interesting. Tell me, why do you want to leave your present job?

M: I'll finish school in a few months, and I'd like a full-time position with more responsibility.

W: And why would you like to work for our company?

M: Because I know your company's work and I like it.

W: Could you please tell me about your special skills and interests?

M: Of course, I'm good at computers and I can speak Spanish. I used to take classes in Spanish at the local college. And I like travelling a lot.

W: Can you give me any references?

M: Yes, certainly. You can talk to Mr. McCaw, my boss, at the Brownstone Company. I could also give you the names and numbers of several of my teachers.

W: All right, Mr. Jones, and would you like to ask me any questions?

M: Yes, I wonder when I'll be informed about my application for the job.

W: Well, we'll let you know as soon as possible. Let's stay in touch. Thank you very much for coming this afternoon.

M: Thank you.

Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

19. What does the man say about his working experience?

20. Why does the man want to leave his present job?

21. What is the man interested in?

22. What question did the man ask the woman?

Conversation Two

M: Lisa, Lisa! Over here, darling! It's wonderful to see you. Oh, Lisa, you look marvelous.

W: Oh, Paul, you look tired. Two months away in the capital? Paul, I think you've been working too hard.

M: I'm fine. The city is very hot at this time of the year. It's good to get back to some fresh air. You know, Lisa, what they say about pregnant women really is true.

W: What's that, Paul?

M: They say they look beautiful.

W: Well, I have had a lot of attention while you've been studying hard on your course in D.C.

M: Oh?

W: Oh, don't worry. Of a man over 50, father has told all his business friends the good news about the baby. And the phone hasn't stopped ringing.

M: Oh, look, darling. There's a taxi.

W: Paul, tell me about this special project you mentioned on the phone. You sounded very excited about it!

M: You know, I've learned a lot from the project. I'm surprised that we are still in business.

W: That's because we have a wonderful sales manager—you!

M: Thanks. But that's not the problem at all. Lisa, our little company, and it is little compared to the giants in the city. Our little company's in danger. We are out of date. We need to expand. If we don't, we will be swallowed up by one of the giants.

Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

23. What do we learn about Lisa?

24. What do we learn about the man from the conversation?

25. What does the man say about his company?

Section B

Passage One

Farmington, Utah, is a more pleasant community since a local girls' 4-H club improved Main Street. Six 4-H girls worked to clean a 72-foot curbside that was covered with weeds, rocks and trash. Each member volunteered to clean up and to dig and plant five flats of flowers. They also took turns in watering, weeding and maintaining the plot. Participation in this project helped the girls develop a new attitude towards their parents of their own homes; they've learned how to work with tools, and improve their work habits. One mother said that before her daughter was involved in this project, she would not even pour a weed. The experience on Main Street stimulated self-improvement, and encouraged members to take pride in their home grounds and in the total community. City officials cooperated with the 4-H members in planting trees, building cooking facilities, pick-me tables, swings and public rest rooms. The 4-H girls planted trees and took care of them during the early stages of growth. The total park project needed more plantings in the following years. Members of the 4-H club agreed to follow the project through to completion, because they receive satisfaction from the results of constructive work. The project is a growing one and has spread from the park to the school and the shopping center. Trees and flowers have all been planted in the shopping center, making the atmosphere pleasant.

Questions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.

26. What do we learn about Main Street in Farmington?

27. What do the 4-H club members do about the curbside?

28. What have the 4-H girls learned from the project?

29. Why did the 4-H girls agree to follow the park project through to completion?

Passage Two

According to a survey on a reading conducted in 2001 by the U.S. National Education Association (NEA), young Americans say reading is important, more important than computers and science. Over 50% of the 12 to 18 year olds interviewed said they enjoy reading a lot. 79% find it stimulating and interesting. And 87% think it is relaxing. About 68% of those surveyed disagree with the opinion that reading is boring or old-fashioned.

Over half the teenagers interviewed said they read more than ten books a year. The results also show that middle school students read more books than high schoolers. Over 66% of teens liked to read fiction, such as novels and stories. Only 26% were interested in non-fiction, such as history books. 64% of students listed reading stories about people my own age as their favorite topic. Mysteries and detective stories came second on the list at 53%. Just under 50% said they were interested in reading about their own culture in tradition. Of the teenagers who participated in the survey, 49% said that libraries are where they get most of their books. However, many complain that their school libraries do not have enough up-to-date interesting books and magazines. Even though many teenagers in the US enjoy reading, they still have other interests. When asked which activity would be the most difficult to give up for a week, 48% said listening to music. TV would be difficult to give up for 25% of those surveyed.

Questions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.

30. What does the survey on teenager reading show?

31. What books are most popular among teenagers according to the survey?

32. What activity do teenagers find the most difficult to give up for a week?

Passage Three

Thank you for coming, everyone. Today's presentation will show how we see the development of the motor car in the short to medium term, and that is why we have invited all of you here today. Let's start with power. It's clear that petrol-driven engines have no future. Already there are many alternative fuel vehicles on the market, powered by anything from solar power to natural gas. Some independent thinkers have even produced cars that run on vegetable oil. But as we all know, of all these alternative fuel vehicles, the most practical are electric vehicles. Sure, in the past electric vehicles have their problems, namely, a limited driving range, and very few recharging points, which limited their use. Now, however, recent developments in electric vehicle technology mean they can match conventional petrol engines in terms of performance and safety. Let's not forget that electric vehicles are cleaner. Plus, importantly, the power source is rechargeable, so this does not involve using any valuable resources. Moving on to communications, very soon, cars will be linked to GPS satellites, so they'll do all the driving for you. What controls remain for the users will be audio-based, so, for example, you'll just have to say "a bit warmer", and the air conditioning will adjust automatically. You'll also be able to receive email, music and movies, all via an internet link. So just type in the destination you want, sit back, sleep, watch your movie, whatever.

Questions 33-35 are based on the passage you have just heard.

33. What is the presentation mainly about?

34. What used to restrict the use of electric vehicles?

35. What does the speaker say about electric vehicles of today?

Section C

My favorite TV show? "The Twilight Zone." I especially like the episode called "The Printer's Devil." It's about a newspaper editor who's being driven out of business by a big newspaper syndicate—you know, a group of papers owned by the same people. He is about to commit suicide when he is interrupted by an old man who says his name is Smith. The editor is not only offered 5,000 dollars to pay off his newspaper's debts, but this Smith character also offers his services for free. It turns out that the guy operates the printing machine with amazing speed, and soon he is turning out newspapers with shocking headlines.

The small paper is successful again. The editor is amazed at how quickly Smith gets his stories—only minutes after they happen—but soon he is presented with a contract to sign. Mr. Smith, it seems, is really the devil! The editor is frightened by this news, but he is more frightened by the idea of losing his newspaper, so he agrees to sign. But soon Smith is reporting the news even before it happens—and it's all terrible—one disaster after another. Anyway, there is a little more to tell, but I don't want to ruin the story for you. I really like these old episodes of "the Twilight Zone," because the stories are fascinating. They are not realistic. But then again, in a way they are, because they deal with human nature.

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